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INNOVATION NETWORK »MORGENSTADT: CITY INSIGHTS« City Report

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INNOVATION NETWORK »MORGENSTADT: CITY INSIGHTS« City Report City report City of the Future INNOVATION NETWORK »MORGENSTADT: CITY INSIGHTS« »MORGENSTADT: »MORGENSTADT: CITY INSIGHTS« City Report ® INNOVATION NETWORK INNOVATION Project Management City Team Leader Fraunhofer Institute for Dr. Marius Mohr Industrial Engineering IAO Fraunhofer Institute for Nobelstrasse 12 Interfacial Engineering and 70569 Stuttgart Biotechnology IGB Germany Authors Contact Andrea Rößner, Fraunhofer Institute for lndustrial Engineering IAO Alanus von Radecki Arnulf Dinkel, Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Phone +49 711 970-2169 Daniel Hiller, Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics Ernst-Mach-Institut EMI Dominik Noeren, Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE COPENHAGEN [email protected] 2013 Hans Erhorn, Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics IBP Heike Erhorn-Kluttig, Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics IBP Dr. Marius Mohr, Fraunhofer Institute for lnterfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB OPENHAGEN © Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, München 2013 Sylvia Wahren, Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA C MORGENSTADT: CITY INSIGHTS (M:CI) Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering IAO Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Climate change, energy and resource scarcity, a growing Copenhagen has repeatedly been recognized as one Nobelstrasse 12 Automation IFF world population and aging societies are some of the of the cities with the best quality of life. Green growth 70569 Stuttgart Mailbox 14 53 large challenges of the future. In particular, these challen- and quality of life are the two main elements in Germany 39004 Magdeburg ges must be solved within cities, which today are already Copenhagen’s vision for the future. Copenhagen shall home to more than 50% of the world’s population. An be a leading green lab for sustainable urban solutions. www.iao.fraunhofer.de Germany ever growing number of cities are actively developing new These facts formed the base for choosing Copen- www.iff.fraunhofer.de and sustainable infrastructures and services, in order to hagen as a city to be studied. This report describes the safeguard and improve the quality of life of their citizens. results of the on-site research which took place in Copenhagen in March 2013. New technologies make sustainable development of muni- cipal infrastructure and the availability of adapted services possible. Renewable energies, energy-efficient buildings, Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics IBP electric vehicles and new mobility concepts, flexible logis- Nobelstrasse 12 Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and tics and modern security systems are developing dynami- 70569 Stuttgart Biotechnology IGB cally. New information and communications technologies Germany Nobelstrasse 12 are saturating and connecting all sectors and allow for www.ibp.fraunhofer.de 70569 Stuttgart the use of these technologies. The transformation of our Germany existing cities and the development of new cities with the expectation of sustainability require a clear set of objecti- www.igb.fraunhofer.de ves, a long-term plan and the continual implementation of a plethora of projects addressing parts of the solution. In- telligent steering of the processes and active participation of the citizens in the conceptualization of solutions, that Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE is to say, mature governance, are conditions for successful Heidenhofstrasse 2 implementation. 79110 Freiburg Fraunhofer Institute for Material Flow and Logistics IML Within the motto »Morgenstadt – City of the Future«, the Germany Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Strasse 2-4 Fraunhofer Organization focuses on the development of www.ise.fraunhofer.de 44227 Dortmund technological solutions for future-compatible, sustainab- Germany le cities. Of the 60 Fraunhofer-Institutes which conduct www.iml.fraunhofer.de applied research in different areas, 14 institutes compose a network for the development of sustainable cities. The institutes contribute high quality competencies in their individual fields, and work together in an inter-disciplinary manner. Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics, Ernst-Mach-Institut EMI From May 2012 until October 2013, 12 Fraunhofer- Eckerstrasse 4 Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering Institutes have conducted the project »Morgenstadt: City 79104 Freiburg and Automation IPA Insights« together with 30 industrial businesses and cities, with the goal of creating an inventory of good solutions Germany Nobelstrasse 12 for sustainable cities. Towards this end, a catalogue of www.emi.fraunhofer.de 70569 Stuttgart inspiring cities world-wide was created and the following Germany six cities were selected for in-depth study: Freiburg, Berlin, www.ipa.fraunhofer.de Copenhagen, New York, Singapore and Tokyo. A team of Fraunhofer researchers went to each of these cities, and through the use of interviews, discussions, and site visits they studied spear-heading projects and solution approa- ches. The goal was to find out how the example projects Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication were initiated, conceptualized and implement, how Systems FOKUS successful they are, what success factors can be identified Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee 31 Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation and what actors are involved. In addition, the goal was to 10589 Berlin Research ISI determine under which conditions these solution approa- Germany Breslauer Strasse 48 ches could be transferred to other cities. www.fokus.fraunhofer.de 76139 Karlsruhe Germany www.isi.fraunhofer.de INNOVATION NETWORK »MORGENSTADT: CITY INSIGHTS« City Report - Copenhagen City Team Leadership Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB Nobelstraße 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany Contact Information Dr. Marius Mohr Phone +49 711 970-4216 [email protected] Authors Andrea Rößner, Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering IAO Arnulf Dinkel, Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Daniel Hiller, Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics Ernst-Mach-Institut EMI Dominik Noeren, Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Hans Erhorn, Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics IBP Heike Erhorn-Kluttig, Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics IBP Dr. Marius Mohr, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB Sylvia Wahren, Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA 4 CONTENT Executive Summary 7 List of Abbreviations 11 List of Figures 12 1 GENERAL INFORMATION 14 1.1 »m:ci« – City Research in Copenhagen 14 1.2 Objectives 14 1.3 Sectors Studied 14 1.4 Research Approach 15 1.5 City Team Copenhagen 15 2 COPENHAGEN – AN OVERVIEW 17 2.1 Copenhagen and its Historical Development 17 2.2 Population Structure, Economy, Education, and Social Aspects 18 2.3 Energy in Copenhagen and Denmark 19 2.4 Buildings in Copenhagen 20 2.5 Mobility and Public Transport in Copenhagen 21 2.6 Water in Copenhagen 22 2.7 Production & Logistics in Copenhagen 22 2.8 Security in Copenhagen 22 2.9 Special Governance Activities in Copenhagen: An Approach to E-Government 23 2.10 Political System, Legal Circumstances, and City Planning 24 3 SUSTAINABILITY IN COPENHAGEN 31 3.1 Sustainability Purpose: the CPH 2025 Climate Plan 32 3.2 Structured Planning Approach: The Sustainability Tool 34 3.3 Focus on Green Growth 35 4 PRACTICE EXAMPLES 38 4.1 District Heating in Copenhagen 38 4.2 Middelgrundens Wind Farm – Offshore Wind Farm Outside the Copenhagen Harbour 44 4.3 Reducing Water Consumption in the City 48 4.4 Adaptation to Climate Change 52 4.5 Treatment of Road-Runoff – Dual Porosity Filtration 56 4.6 Cloudburst Management Plan 2012 and Crisis Management 59 4.7 World’s Most Bicycle Friendly City 63 4.8 Electro Mobility 67 4.9 Green Solar Cities, Valby District 74 4.10 Ørestad/Nordhavnen 78 4.11 Think Tank »Building Renovation« and Think Tank »City 2025« 81 4.12 Royal Danish Playhouse – a Low Energy Building with Seawater Cooling 82 4.13 Production and Logistic Networks in Copenhagen and Greater Copenhagen Area 85 5 5 RESULTS OF THE CITY RESEARCH 91 5.1 Actors Within the City 91 5.2 Analysis of Projects and Processes, Objectives and Decisions 94 5.3 Key Drivers and Framework Conditions 95 5.4 Fields of Sustainability 96 5.5 Transferability of Experiences 98 5.6 Outlook 99 6 List of References 102 7 Appendix 109 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Critical success factors for sustainability-driven initiatives are furthermore: General Findings • strong political support with individual budgets for When it comes to environmental achievements, Copenha- initiatives as well as a – relatively long-term – stable gen has a clear vision and a mission to fulfil until 2025. political system within the municipality Besides reducing climate impacts by aiming for a 100% renewable energy supply, the quality of urban living (»live- • acceptance by the citizens and companies, which ability«) is essential to the city’s marketing strategy and can be achieved by a (pro-)active and integrative is also implemented in many projects and appreciated by approach to communication. the citizens. Simultaneously, the city’s prosperous industry has, over the past years, aligned itself to the changing in- Growth in Copenhagen: since the measures needed to ternational market and now focusses on services and tra- reach the sustainability focused goals are very cost intensi- ding instead of production. However, it is still dependent ve, Copenhagen can only achieve these goals by increasing
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