Timeline / 1820 to After 1930 / REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA (FYROM)

Date Country Theme

1824 Republic of Macedonia Fine And Applied Arts (FYROM)

Petre Filipovski Garkata and fellow artisans, including the master carver Makarie Frchkovski, create the iconostasis in the Church of Holy Salvation, Skopje. Petre Filipovski developed his own recognisable style of wood carving depicting scenes from the Old and New Testaments in which biblical figures were rendered wearing traditional costumes of Macedonia. The iconostasis also depicts the artists who created it as their “signature”.

1834 Republic of Macedonia Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion (FYROM)

The birth in Ohrid of Kuzman Shapkarev (1834–1909), eminent Macedonian folklorist, ethnographer, educator and author of textbooks. Owing to his collecting activities a great deal of Macedonian intangible heritage was spared from oblivion. He was a teacher in Ohrid, Bitola, Prilep and Kukush. Later he worked and lived in Sofia. Although his collections of oral folk literature were published as Bulgarian, most of his works originated from Macedonia.

1842 Republic of Macedonia Fine And Applied Arts (FYROM)

The portrait of Gjurchin Kokale, founder of the Church of St George in Lazaropole, is painted inside the church by Dicho Krstevic Zograph. It is one of the earliest known portraits in Macedonia. In 1854 this prolific artist painted the icon of Archpriest Samoil from the Treskavec Monastery near Prilep.

1860 Republic of Macedonia Fine And Applied Arts (FYROM)

The icon “Seven Holy Teachers” (Sedmochislenitzi) is painted by the most significant representative of Christian religious art in Macedonia, Dicho Krstevic Zograph, at the peak of his creativity. It represents the Slav missionaries Sts Cyril and Methodius and their disciples Clement, Nahum, Gorazd, Sabbas and Angelarij in a solo composition. His icons are distinguished by bright colour and baroque features.

1860 Republic of Macedonia Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion (FYROM)

Grigor Prlichev's epic poem "The Serdar", written in Greek, wins first prize at the annual poetry competition held in Athens. Prlichev (1830–93) was born in Ohrid. This prolific Macedonian poet and translator was a dedicated advocate of introducing the native spoken language in Macedonian schools. He was referred to as a second Homer, having translated the "Iliad" into the Macedonian language.

1860 - 1870 Republic of Macedonia Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion (FYROM)

Marko K. Cepenkov (1829–1920) was born in Prilep. Among the greatest collectors of Macedonian oral folk literature, during the 1860s he was prolific in recording folklore creations. The importance of his collecting activities lies not only in the Date Country Theme volume but also in the diversity of folklore traditions recorded, including proverbs, sayings, tales, songs, riddles, charms, beliefs, dreams and interpretation, and children's games.

1860 Republic of Macedonia Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion (FYROM)

The birth in Prilep of the first Macedonian composer Atanas Badev (d. 1908). He studied music in Russia and was conductor of several school choirs and of the first city choir in Prilep.

1861 Republic of Macedonia Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion (FYROM)

Collection of Macedonian poems compiled by the Miladinov brothers is published in Zagreb. Konstantin Miladinov (1830–62), a prominent Macedonian poet, folklorist and educator is a major contributor. Despite a reference to Bulgarian songs in the title, the folk literature recorded by the Miladinovs originated mostly from the areas of Struga, Ohrid, Prilep, Kukush and Bitola.

1876 - 1899 Republic of Macedonia Migrations (FYROM)

Extensive emigration of intellectuals from Macedonia to neighbouring countries and Russia. With unfavourable conditions at home for science and research, many Macedonian students stay in the country where they studied to contribute to the development of science, culture and arts. They often organised societies such as the Sofia Circle of Macedonian Students run by Petar Pop-Arsov (1872–1941), which began issuing Loza newspaper in 1882.

1873 Republic of Macedonia Great Inventions Of The 19th Century (FYROM)

The first railway in Macedonia runs from Thessalonica via Skopje to Belgrade. Its construction, financed with foreign investments, began in 1871 and the track to Skopje is finished in 1873. The Skopje–Mitrovica line is completed in 1878. In 1888 it is connected to Serbian railways at the border crossing Zibevche near Vranje.

1873 Republic of Macedonia Great Inventions Of The 19th Century (FYROM)

Construction of the first railway station in Macedonia in Skopje.

1874 Republic of Macedonia Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion (FYROM)

Beginnings of the Macedonian amateur theatre in Veles initiated by educator and playwright Jordan Hadzi Konstantinov-Dzinot (1821–82). Professional theatres open in the late 19th century. Vojadan Chernodrinski (1875–1951) is considered one of the founders of the Macedonian theatre. The premiere for his best-known play, the tragedy Macedonian Bloody Wedding was held in Sofia, Bulgaria, on 7 November 1900. Date Country Theme

1875 Republic of Macedonia Migrations (FYROM)

The Dictionary of Three Languages by Gjorgji Pulevski (d. 1893) is published in Belgrade. It shows the political context and coexistence of Macedonians, Albanians and Turks in the territory of Macedonia. It gives words in Macedonian, Albanian and Turkish in three columns. Pulevski was also the author of the Dictionary of Four Languages.

1885 Republic of Macedonia Fine And Applied Arts (FYROM)

The earliest portrait in Macedonian art that is not part of religious depiction, a portrait of a child is painted by Dimitar Andonov of Papradishte (1859–1954). Dimitar Andonov was one of the last Macedonian “zographs” (icon painters) and the founder of Macedonian profane art.

1888 Republic of Macedonia Migrations (FYROM)

A movement to awaken national awareness leads to the establishment of many independent associations of Macedonian emigrants, such as the Macedonian Literary Society established by Gjorgji Pulevski in Sofia in 1888.

1901 Republic of Macedonia Fine And Applied Arts (FYROM)

One of the founders of Macedonian modern art, Lazar Lichenoski (d. 1964) is born in Galichnik. After graduating from Belgrade Art School he attended prestigeous art schools in Paris. He is best known for his landscapes, which reveal the harmonious beauty of nature through endless views from the peak of Bistra Mountain. Lichenoski introduced expressionism in Macedonian art.

1902 Republic of Macedonia Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion (FYROM)

Birth of writer Stale Popov in Melnca, Mariovo Region. He began writing early immortalising tales from Macedonian folk tradition about Itar Pejo (Smart Pejo). He achieved eminence after publication of his first novel Patchwork Life. His talent lay in introducing themes from social life. His other well-known novels are Kalesh Angja and Tole Pasha.

1903 Republic of Macedonia Fine And Applied Arts (FYROM)

A founder of contemporary Macedonian art, Nikola Martinoski is born in Krushevo (d. 1973). He learned painting in the Skopje workshop of the icon painter Dimitar Andonov, and in Bucharest and Paris. His distinctive expressionist style depicts social themes and portraits, influenced by Macedonian frescos and the modern Parisian school. His outstanding work is the painting "Mother and Child".

1903 Republic of Macedonia Migrations (FYROM) Date Country Theme

The Slav-Macedonian Scientific Literary Society, also known as the St Petersburg Colony, is established. It plays an important role in the national awakening of Macedonians and raising the issue of the independence of Macedonia within the international community.

1903 Republic of Macedonia Migrations (FYROM)

Publication in Sofia of On Macedonian Matters by Krste Petkov Misirkov (1874– 1926). This book was a starting point in explaining factors about Macedonian people as a distinct nation and laid the foundations of the Macedonian modern language and grammar.

1905 Republic of Macedonia Great Inventions Of The 19th Century (FYROM)

The first film in the Balkans is shot by the Manaki brothers. Pioneers of Macedonian film, Janaki (1878–1945) and Milton (1880–1964) shot their first film only 10 years after the Lumiere Brothers. It shows their grandmother Despina spinning wool. Their first film of ethnographic value was shot soon after. It documents celebration of the feast of Sts Cyril and Methodius in front of the church devoted to these saints in Bitola.

1905 Republic of Macedonia Migrations (FYROM)

Publication of the journal Autonomous Macedonia begins in Belgrade. This attempt to propagate the idea of an independent state initiated by Grigorie Tashkovic ends after only a few issues.

1907 Republic of Macedonia Fine And Applied Arts (FYROM)

Gjorgji Zografski paints what is considered to be the earliest depiction of an actual historic event. It shows the plundering raid on the village of Papradishte near Veles that occurred in 1884.

1912 Republic of Macedonia Migrations (FYROM)

First publication of the Macedonian and Russian language journal Makedonski Golos (Macedonian Voice). Krste Petkov Misirkov and Dimitrija Chupovski, central figures of the Slav-Macedonian Scientific Literary Society, were largely responsible for its publishing.