Biblioteca Di Storia – 13 – FIGURE DELLO SPAZIO, POLITICA E SOCIETÀ

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Biblioteca Di Storia – 13 – FIGURE DELLO SPAZIO, POLITICA E SOCIETÀ Biblioteca di Storia – 13 – FIGURE DELLO SPAZIO, POLITICA E SOCIETÀ Volumi pubblicati 1. La politica e gli spazi, a cura di Bruna Consarelli, 2003 2. Metafore dello spazio, a cura di Bruna Consarelli, 2004 3. Gli spazi immaginati, a cura di Bruna Consarelli, 2005 4. Spazi e politica nella modernità tecnologica, a cura di Bruna Consarelli, 2006 5. Viaggio e politica, a cura di Lea Campos Boralevi e Sara Lagi, 2009 Challenging Centralism Decentramento e autonomie nel pensiero politico europeo a cura di Lea Campos Boralevi Firenze University Press 2011 Challenging Centralism : Decentramento e autonomie nel pensiero politico europeo/ a cura di Lea Campos Boralevi. – Firenze : Firenze University Press, 2011. (Biblioteca di Storia ; 13) http://digital.casalini.it/9788866550235 ISBN 978-88-6655-018-1 (print) ISBN 978-88-6655-023-5 (online PDF) ISBN 978-88-6655-025-9 (online EPUB) Questo volume è pubblicato con il cofinanziamento del MIUR per il PRIN 2007 “Challenging Centralism. Decentramento e associazione nel pensiero politico europeo moderno e contemporaneo”, Coordinatore scientifico nazionale Lea Campos Boralevi. Progetto grafico di Alberto Pizarro Fernández Immagine di copertina: © Mauro Bighin | Dreamstime.com © 2011 Firenze University Press Università degli Studi di Firenze Firenze University Press Borgo Albizi, 28, 50122 Firenze, Italy http://www.fupress.com/ Printed in Italy Sommario Presentazione ix Lea Campos Boralevi The relationship between centralization and autonomy in the history of European legal and political thought 1 Howell A. Lloyd L’ interpretatio tardomedioevale tra centralizzazione e autonomia 9 Cecilia Natalini Dictatus Papae II: Quod solus Romanus pontifex iure dicatur universalis 19 Francesca Viola Pater legiferus. Diritto e autonomia nel pensiero di Francesco d’Assisi 29 Christian Zendri «Aequitas» e giustizia retributiva nel Paradiso di Dante 43 Claudia Di Fonzo Legge, statuto, diritto comune nei consilia del Quattrocento 53 Giuliano Marchetto ‘Potentia dei absoluta’: an Archaeology of Power between the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times 63 Massimiliano Traversino Lea Campos Boralevi (a cura di), Challenging Centralism : Decentramento e autonomie nel pensiero politico europeo, ISBN 978-88-6655-018-1 (print) ISBN 978-88-6655-023-5 (online PDF) ISBN 978-88-6655-025-9 (online EPUB) © 2011 Firenze University Press vi CHALLENGING CENTRALISM Ascesa e declino di un modello federale: la Respublica Hebraeorum nell’Europa moderna 73 Lea Campos Boralevi Le libere città imperiali nella giuspubblicistica tedesca del primo Seicento 89 Lucia Bianchin Platonismo e antidispotismo in Paolo Mattia Doria 99 Vittor Ivo Comparato Francesco d’Aguirre: costruzione dello Stato e resistenze nell’Italia del primo Settecento 111 Regina Lupi «Pubblica Felicità» e limiti del potere in Lodovico Antonio Muratori 119 Manuela Bragagnolo Le Municipalità nel Triennio giacobino italiano tra democratizzazione e anarchie 131 Marina Scola Centralismo, associazione e democrazia in Europa. W.J. Linton e «The English Republic» (1851-1855) 143 Marco Barducci Contro l’unità d’Italia ovvero la democrazia secondo P. J. Proudhon 151 Gilda Manganaro Favaretto Autonomia comunale, suffragio universale e classi lavoratrici nella retorica antisocialista durante la II Repubblica francese: il caso di Ferdinand Béchard 163 Fausto Proietti Brunialti e lo Stato moderno: articolazioni, autonomie, federalismo 175 Carlo Carini SOMMARIO vii Centralismo e federalismo nel Kaiserreich guglielmino: il Gesetzentwurf di Jellinek sulla responsabilità del cancelliere imperiale (1909) 193 Sergio Amato Contro il centralismo nell’Impero austro-ungarico: il progetto politico di Adolf Fischhof (1867-1869) 203 Sara Lagi La recezione di Kelsen in Italia: Santi Romano e Giuseppe Capograssi 215 Antonio Merlino Le autonomie locali nel pensiero politico di Mario Albertini 225 Flavio Terranova Autori 235 Indice dei nomi 241 Presentazione Lea Campos Boralevi Challenging Centralism. Decentramento e associazione nel pensiero politico eu- ropeo moderno e contemporaneo è il titolo del Progetto di ricerca di interesse nazionale (PRIN) col quale abbiamo voluto lanciare una sfida –a challen- ge, direbbero gli americani – nei confronti di una persistente interpretazione storiografica, secondo la quale la Scienza politica americana sarebbe eminen- temente focalizzata sulla dimensione ‘orizzontale’, mentre quella europea sa- rebbe soprattutto attenta ai rapporti di tipo ‘verticale’. La metafora spaziale viene normalmente impiegata per rappresentare gli esiti di due concezioni contrapposte della politica: quella ‘verticale’, portata a considerare la politica essenzialmente come un conflitto, una battaglia, uno scontro per conquistare il potere per dividerselo e per influenzarlo, e all’oppo- sto, quella ‘orizzontale’, incline a vedere nella politica piuttosto un incessante tentativo di realizzare l’integrazione sociale per garantire il soddisfacimento degli interessi generali comuni, contro la spinta degli interessi e delle rivendi- cazioni settoriali e particolari1. In base a questa interpretazione storiografica, assai diffusa nel campo della Scienza Politica, ma presente anche in altri settori, il paradigma ‘oriz- zontale’ – che privilegia una lettura armonica della vita associata, come co- munità di individui sostanzialmente collocati sullo stesso livello di potere – caratterizzerebbe la tradizione americana, mentre il paradigma ‘verticale’ – che evidenzia la natura gerarchica dei rapporti di potere e sottolinea la cen- tralità del problema del comando e dell’obbedienza – sarebbe quello domi- nante nella tradizione più tipicamente europea, che da Machiavelli porta fino a Mosca e Pareto. 1 G. Sola, ‘Verticale’ e ‘orizzontale in politica e in Scienza politica, in Metafore della politica, a cura di B. Consarelli, Firenze University Press, Firenze 2004, pp. 97-114. Lea Campos Boralevi (a cura di), Challenging Centralism : Decentramento e autonomie nel pensiero politico europeo, ISBN 978-88-6655-018-1 (print) ISBN 978-88-6655-023-5 (online PDF) ISBN 978-88-6655-025-9 (online EPUB) © 2011 Firenze University Press x LEA CAMPOS BORALEVI Il progetto di ricerca Challenging Centralism. Decentramento e associazio- ne nel pensiero politico europeo, fin dal titolo, ha cercato di combattere questo stereotipo, rivendicando la ricchezza e la complessità della tradizione europea del pensiero politico, delle sue mille esperienze e teorizzazioni, mettendone in rilievo, attraverso una metodologia comparatistica, gli aspetti più interessanti, nei quali si manifestano più chiaramente le peculiarità, la maggiore portata in termini di differenziazione culturale e di lunga durata, rispetto al termine di paragone americano. Anche a prescindere da tale specifica comparazione, questa ricerca si è co- munque proposta di affermare il valore della tradizione europea dal punto di vista dottrinale, che non può essere appiattito ed esaurito nella dimensione storico-istituzionale, nonostante sul piano événementiel essa registri effettiva- mente in Europa l’affermazione delle grandi monarchie assolute, lo sviluppo dei nazionalismi e infine quello dei regimi totalitari del Novecento. Dal punto di vista storiografico tale appiattimento è frutto di una semplificazione, che di fatto finisce per escludere buona parte di un ventaglio, incredibilmente va- sto, comprendente anche fenomeni storico-istituzionali di lunghissima dura- ta come il Sacro Romano Impero, la Confederazione elvetica e la Repubblica delle Provincie Unite. Dal punto di vista metodologico questa semplificazio- ne si fonda su un concetto assai riduttivo del pensiero politico, considerato come mero, passivo rispecchiamento della realtà istituzionale coeva, anziché libera creazione, capace di spaziare dalla nostalgia per un assetto migliore di un’epoca passata, come avviene nella filosofia politica dell’antica Grecia, fino all’invenzione e alla progettazione di forme di governo e di vita civile del tut- to nuove ed inedite, che caratterizzano la storia del pensiero politico europeo moderno e contemporaneo. Inoltre, sempre dal punto di vista metodologico, questa ricerca ha cerca- to di individuare una prospettiva storiografica capace di considerare in modo non necessariamente alternativo i diversi ‘paradigmi’, ma di utilizzarli in una visione maggiormente inclusiva, più adatta a presentare il valore e la ricchezza della tradizione europea, che di fatto ha proposto o rielaborato innumerevoli forme di decentramento e di associazione ‘orizzontale’, non necessariamente alternative o contrapposte, ma spesso coesistenti con il centralismo, come nel caso delle autonomie interne al sistema dei grandi stati nazionali. Fra i tanti esempi, basterà citare il rilievo attribuito alla storia delle autonomie muni- cipali nel pensiero politico inglese dell’Ottocento, o al ruolo fondativo – e costitutivo del tessuto civico europeo – esercitato dalle città nella riflessione politico-giuridica europea dal Medioevo ai giorni nostri, non solo attraverso la rivendicazione di diritti acquisiti nel passato, ma anche con l’ideazione di nuove forme associative e partecipative alla vita politica e civile. I risultati di questo progetto di ricerca sono stati sorprendentemente po- sitivi, mirati a presentare un’ampia panoramica sulla elaborazione teorico- politica europea come sfida al centralismo, a partire dal cruciale passaggio dal PRESENTAZIONE xi tardo Medio Evo all’età moderna, fino all’età contemporanea, all’inizio del XX secolo. Fra i suoi esiti più rilevanti vanno infatti annoverati, insieme
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