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Druga Migracija Priredio Urednik PROJekaT ObRAZOVANJA ROMI | IsTORIJA ROMske DECE COUNCIL CONSEIL OF EUROPE DE L´EUROPE U EVROPI DRUGA 4.0 MIGRACIJA Druga migracija Priredio urednik Putevi migracije Roma Vlaha l Dolazak u Zapadnu Evropu l Obe Amerike l Prijem lutalica u ciljnim zemljama Sredinom XIX veka dogodila se druga migracija, koja je promenila romsku populaciju u svetskim razmerama. Kalderaši, Lovari i ostale romske grupe iz centralne i jugoistočne Evrope pomerali su se ka istoku i zapadu i stigli čak do Amerike i Australije. Ova druga migracija, koja je usledila nakon takozvanog prvog talasa romske migracije u Evropi oko 1400. godine, bila je izazvana dugotrajnim socijalnim promenama, posebno ukidanjem ropstva u Vlaškoj i Moldaviji, i pojavljivanjem industrijalizacije. UVOD GLAVNI PRAVCI DRUGE MIGRACIJe Il. 1 FINska ESTONIJA Godine 1857, godinu dana nakon što je potpuno ukinuto ropstvo, u vlaškoj ŠVedska LeTONIJA je bilo 33.267 oslobođenih romskih DANska RUSIJA porodica; od toga 6.241 su bili robovi SAD I KANada LITVANIJA države, 12.081 robovi crkve, a 14.945 porodica pripadalo je plemstvu. Prema ENGLeska HOLAN- BELORUSIJA procenama, u moldaviji je bilo oko DIJA POLJska 20.000 porodica. ako se svaka poro- BELGIJA Nemačka dica otprilike sastojala od pet članova, onda je oko 250.000 roma živelo u LUkseMBURG FRANCUska dvema pokrajinama. u celoj centralnoj češka UkRAJINA i jugoistočnoj evropi živeo je znatan AMERIka Slovačka broj romske populacije. AUSTRALIJA auStriJa- mađarSka Političke, ekonomske i socijal- JužNa afrika ŠvAJCARSKA MOLdaVIJA ne revolucije izazvale su emigraciju iz SLOVENIJA TRANSILVANIJA tih regiona oko 1850. godine pa naova- HRVATska mo. Nacionalni emancipacioni pokre- VLaška BOSNA ITALIJA ti, ratovi, industrijska revolucija, kao i ŠPANIJA SRBIJA povećana privlačnost zemalja kao što BUGARska su Sjedinjene Države, bili su razlog što Make- su ljudi svih etničkih grupa napuštali DONIJA ALbaNIJA svoja mesta stanovanja. romi su više od ostalih grupa stanovništva bili TURSKA „voljni da emigriraju“. ali, ukidanje ropstva u moldaviji i vlaškoj dalo im Grčka je mogućnost migracije ka novim teri- torijama u njihovoj neodložnoj potrazi Područja porekla : za finansijskim izvorima. [il. 2] romi su uglavnom emigrira- li iz graničnih područja moldavije i dokaz o emigriranju roma sa skoro ce- su se ka istoku u rusiju, i ka severu u vlaške i susednih područja Besara- log Balkanskog poluostrva, odnosno iz Skandinaviju, Zapadnu evropu, Sever- bije, zapadne transilvanije, Banata i mađarske i Slovačke. Prvenstveno, vla- nu i Južnu ameriku, čak i u australiju. severoistočne Srbije. kasnije, postoji si romi, ali i romi iz ostalih grupa selili [il. 2] Putevi migracije Roma Vlaha Dolazak u Zapadnu Evropu Obe Amerike Prijem lutalica u ciljnim zemljama romi „vlaSi“ Termin Vlah koristi se od XX veka za Rome čiji jezik po- kazuje jak vlaški (rumunski) uticaj. Romi Vlasi, su među ostalima, Kalderaši, Lovari, Gurbeti i Džambaz Romi. Romi Vlasi smatraju se inicijatorima i podupiračima Druge migracije. U mnogim ciljnim zemljama, bili su distancirani od nastanjenih Roma i obrazovali su novi sloj unutar populacije Roma. il. 3 Nauka ih često smatra Žene Kalderaši u maršu u Engleskoj 1911.godine. (fraser 1992, str. 232) tradicionalnim, arhaičnim gru- pama u kojima dominira indoa- PUT U ŠVedskU JOhaNA DIMITRIJA TaIKONA rijevski jezik i kultura, što i sami Romi Vlasi o sebi misle.. Angus „Karl Herman Tilhagen može nam reći o poreklu švedskih Taikona, porodice veli- Frajzer, Britanac Rom, istoričar, kog pripovedača Johana Dimitrija Taikona: ipak, nam je skrenuo pažnju na „Do 1906. godine Taikon ili Miloš, njegovo cigansko ime, izgleda da je živeo činjenicu da se ove pretpostavke samo u Rusiji, koju poznaje od Bakua na jugoistoku do Arhangelska na severoza- ne mogu smatrati dokazanim. padu. Iste godine, putovao je po Balkanu, Poljskoj i Finskoj. Nekoliko godina pre Prvog svetskog rata, posetio je Švedsku, u koju je godinama putovao. Poslednjih 30 godina proveo je isključivo u Švedskoj, gde je zarađivao za sebe i svoju porodicu kao kazandžija, vašarski umetnik i muzičar. Od 1942. godine on i njegova grupa boravili il. 2 su u Švedskoj svake godine tokom zime.” il. 4 (prevedeno iz vossen 1983, str. 61) vanije i Banata posedovali su austrijske je jasan znak da su ranije živeli u rusiji. PUTEVI MIGRACIJE putne dokumente. rus ekspert o romi- [il. 4] ROMA VLAHA ma, lav čerenkov, pominje da nasel- mnogi kalderaši i čurari nasta- jeni Poljaci romi kalderaše još uvek vili su ka Skandinaviji. istovremeno, rumunski kalderaši smatraju se naj- nazivaju „ostrijaki” (austrijanci). Neki rođaci išvana Demetera nastanili su se pokretnijom grupom roma. kao robo- novi imigranti u Poljskoj pokušali su da ne samo u francuskoj, italiji, Nemačkoj vi, pripadali su državi, tj. već su bili dostignu dominantnu poziciju među već nego i u švedskoj. Porodična imena do- (delimično) nomadi i bavili se svojim nastanjenim romima; porodica kviek je kazuju takođe da su mnogi skandinavski zanimanjima tumarajući po određenim čak osnovala dinastiju „kraljeva“. imigranti pre toga živeli u rusiji. područjima. kalderaši su napustili ovo mnogi kalderaši i čurari selili Sredinom XiX veka, lovari su se područje i krenuli u dva glavna prav- su se iz Poljske u rusiju i Skandinavi- nastanili unutar granica današnje mađar- ca. Jedan ih je vodio ka severu, a drugi ju. išvan Demeter, jedan od prvih roma ske, u transilvaniji i Banatu. u prvom ka Balkanu, tačnije ka današnjoj Srbi- imigranata u rusiji, nakon nekoliko de- talasu migracije, 1860-1870. godine, lo- ji; odatle su mnogi romi nastavili ka cenija rekao je da je njegova porodica vari su se preselili iz mađarske u češku zapadu. migracija kalderaša i drugih emigrirala pretežno zbog davanja veli- i Slovačku, a zatim u Nemačku. Neki od grupa roma na Balkanu nije dokumen- kog miraza za žene. Demeteri su putu- njih su pratili vojsku u austro-pruskom tovana, naročito što se njenog samog jući kroz rusiju, stigli do mandžurije, a ratu i nastanili se u češkoj pre nego što početka tiče. Najverovatnije se odigra- kasnije se nastanili u centralnoj rusiji. su zapravo došli u austriju. Drugi su la relativno kasno, krajem XiX veka. išvanov otac i njegova porodica su čak otišli u Poljsku i kasnije u rusiju. tuma- ipak, postoje mnogi dokazi o njihovom stigli do alžira. Grupa ištvana Demetera ranja različitih grupa lovara okončana putu ka severu. nije izolovan slučaj. Naseljavanje mno- su tek 1914, nakon početka Prvog svet- Godine 1860. prvi kalderaši su gih kalderaša u francuskoj, npr. počinje skog rata; bilo je to samo privremeno, dospeli do krakova, koji je tada bio na posle 1870. godine njihovom emigraci- jer su se, već tokom mađarskog ustan- teritoriji austrougarske. Postajući aus- jom iz rusije. Njihov dijalekat pokazuje ka 1956. godine, mnogi lovari vratili u trijski građani, mnogi romi iz transil- reči iz ruskog kolokvijalnog govora, što austriju. 2 3 SaveT EVROPE ROMI | IsTORIJA PROJekaT ObRAZOVANJA ROMske DECE U EVROPI DRUGA 4.0 MIGRACIJA SlavNa veštiNa, OGROMNE CENE „Dok su bili u Britaniji doneli su malo orijentalnog sjaja u aljkave gradske ćoškove. Žene, sa zlatnim novčićima koje su nosile u kosi i na vratovima i grudima, pred- stavljale su neverovatan prizor, koji se dosta razlikovao od En- gleskinja u njihovim lepim halji- nama […]; i muškarci u vrećastim pantalonama, uvučenim u visoke čizme, u košuljama jarkih boja i il. 6 kaputima i prslucima s redovima Šatori Kalderaša u Garat Lejnu, Vandsvort, London, avgust 1911. godine. ( fraser 1992, str. 231) velikih dugmadi od srebra (neka su bila velika kao kokošije jaje) IMIGRACIJA U KOLUMBIJU bili su isto tako blistavi. Većinu vremena muškarci su provodili Kolumbijac Rom je 1998. godine dao podatak o imigraciji svojih predaka: tražeći posuđe od bakra za po- „Evropski Romi emigrirali su u Centralnu Ameriku, iz Centralne Amerike pravku u fabrikama, pivnicama, emigrirali su u Južnu Ameriku, došli su u Peru, u Brazil i u Kolumbiju [...] Emigri- hotelima, restoranima i sl: njiho- rali su preko Paname, iz Paname su prešli u Atrato i odseli u Antiokiji [...] u rav- va spretnost i vrednoća bile su vi- nicama Bogote, na obalama, u različitim delovima. Prema kolumbijskim Romima, soko cenjene; njihove visoke cene onima koji su rođeni u Kolumbiji, od tada je prošlo 150-160 godina. Pošto je moj bile su takođe osuđivane.” deda umro u 75. godini, znači da je on već bio rođen u Kolumbiji, kao i moja poko- ll. 5 jna baka, koja je takođe tamo rođena.” (fraser 1992, str. 231 ff.) il. 7 (prevedeno Deman, katharina (2005) untersuchung zur Grammatik der romani-varietät der kumpanja in Bogotá/kolumbien. Graz (Phil. Diss), str. 11) kovači bakra pojavili su se u Holandiji. Grčke, evropskih delova turske, Srbije, DOLAZAK U Njihovi šatori i prikolice, kao i kontrast Bugarske i rumunije. Naredne godine su ZAPADNU EVROPU između siromašne odeće i otvoreno po- ponovo napustili zemlju. Godine 1885- kazanog srebra i zlata, ostavio je veliki 1887. i 1907-1908. ursari su se naselili Neki romi su došli sa austrijskim utisak na stanovništvo. Hiljade ljudi u južnoj škotskoj i severnoj engleskoj. pasošima, najverovatnije iz transilvanije, hrlile su u njihove šatore, pa su romi Zapravo, lovari su bili ti koji su u to preko Nemačke i Belgije u francusku mogli čak i naplaćivati ulaz. Početkom vreme, preko Nemačke, stigli do engles- 1866. godine, ali su ubrzo deportovani 1870. godine romi su sa Balkana ili iz ke. mediji i policija vodili su kampan- nazad u Belgiju. Godine 1867. kalderaši rusije, preko italije i Nemačke, došli u ju protiv roma s nemačkim pasošima. su putovali širom francuske, u grupama francusku. oni su takođe privukli go- Slične akcije preduzete su u francuskoj, od 30, 40, čak i 150 ljudi, u otvorenim milu posetilaca. u Nemačkoj, 1867. go- Nemačkoj ili švajcarskoj. između 1911. konjskim kočijama. [il. 4] dine, i u Holandiji 1868. godine, dreseri i 1913. godine porodice kladeraša po kalderaši su stigli u englesku. medveda pojavili su se prvi put; bili su to imenu Choron, kirpach, Demeter ili ma- Postavili su svoje šatore u predgrađima romi ursari iz porodica Gulabavich, la- ximoff putovale su vozom po celoj Brita- londona, ali engleski romi ih nisu pri- zarovich ili mitrovich.
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  • Curriculum Vitæ
    1 Curriculum Vitæ A. Personal Ian Francis Hancock (o Yanko le Redjosko) Born: London, England; US/UK/EC Citizen Marrried: Wife: Denise Davis Five children: (Marko, Imre, Melina, Malik, Chloë) Addresses: Home: Amari Avlin 58 Country Oaks Drive Buda, TX 78610-9338 Tel: (512)-295-4848 E-Mail: [email protected] Work: Department of Linguistics The University of Texas B5100 Austin, Texas 78712 512-471-1701 Department of English Parlin Hall The University of Texas B5000 Austin, Texas 78712 512-471-4991 The Romani Archives and Documentation Center Parlin Hall The University of Texas B5000 Austin, Texas 78712 512-232-7684 Fax: 512-295-7733 B. Academic and Administrative Involvement a. Education: Ph.D. (honoris causa) with distinction, awarded by Umeå University, Sweden, October, 2005. Ph.D. (honoris causa) awarded by Constantine University, Slovakia, November 2009. Ph.D. awarded by London University, School of Oriental and African Studies, 1971. b. Academic Positions: 2 Director, The Romani Archives and Documentation Center, The University of Texas at Austin. Nowlin Regents Professor in Liberal Arts since 2005. Professor (since 1984) in the Departments of Linguistics and English. Minority faculty member. Associate Professor, 1977-1983. Assistant Professor, 1972-1976. Honorary Vice-Chancellor, Sabhyata Sanskriti Roma University, New Delhi, 2012- External Examiner, Faculty of Arts & General Studies, The University of the West Indies (all campuses: Trinidad, Barbados, Jamaica), 1982-1998. Co-founder/co-editor, International Journal of Romani Language and Culture (Lincom: Berlin, 2009-) c. Service and Other Academic Work (past and present): Member, Faculty Council, 2006-2008 Member, Rapoport Center for Human Rights, 2006-2011 (UTA) Member, Center for European Studies, 2005- (UTA) Member, International Leadership Program, annually hosting European visitors to the Archives.
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  • Gypsies, Roma, Sinti in Central and Eastern Europe
    Marushiakova, E., Popov, V. "Historical and Ethnographic Backgraund. Gypsies, Roma, Sinti." - In: Guy, W. (Ed.) Between Past and Future: the Roma of Central and Eastern Europe. Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press, 2001, 33-53. [Updated] Historical and Ethnographic Backgraund: Gypsies, Roma, Sinti The region of Central and Eastern Europe, as described there, includes the countries from the former socialist block - the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Rumania, Bulgaria, Albania, as well as the new states which have emerged from former Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro, Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia), and the Soviet Union (the European part – Russiaan Federation, the Ukraine, Moldova, Belorussia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia). Before the changes in 1989-1990, the name "Roma" was used as an endonyme (an internal community self-appellation) in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (except for former Yugoslavia). This name was not widely popular and did not have an official status. In order to be faithful to the historical principle we use the word Roma only for the period after 1989. In all other instances we use the term "Gypsies". We think that "Gypsies" is wider in scope than "Roma" and we also use it to include the Gypsy communities who are not Roma or who are considered to be “Gypsies” by the surrounding population but they do not wish to be considered as such and preferred various others identities. The Number of Gypsies in the Central and Eastern Europe Nobody knows exactly how many Gypsies are living in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. There are no reliable statistical and demographic data about the distribution of the Gypsies and their respective internal subdivisions in each Central and Eastern Europe country.
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  • Social Inclusion and Cultural Identity of Roma Communities in South-Eastern Europe
    a per la pace ondation suisse pour la paix ondazione svizzer Schweizerische Friedensstiftung F F Working Paper Foundation Swiss Peace 1 | 2011 Social Inclusion and Cultural Identity of Roma Communities in South-Eastern Europe Gabriela Mirescu, Editor swisspeace swisspeace is an action-oriented peace research Working Papers institute with headquarters in Bern, Switzer- In its working paper series, swisspeace land. It aims to prevent the outbreak of publishes reports by staff members and violent conflicts and to enable sustainable international experts, covering recent issues conflict transformation. of peace research and peacebuilding. Please note our publication list at the end of this swisspeace sees itself as a center of excellence paper or on www.swisspeace.org. and an information platform in the areas of conflict analysis and peacebuilding. We conduct research on the causes of war and The views expressed in this publication are violent conflict, develop tools for early those of the author(s) and do not necessarily recognition of tensions, and formulate reflect the views of swisspeace. conflict mitigation and peacebuilding strategies. swisspeace contributes to information exchange and networking on current issues of peace and security policy through its analyses and reports as well as meetings and conferences. swisspeace was founded in 1988 as the “Swiss Peace Foundation” with the goal of promoting independent peace research in . Switzerland. Today swisspeace engages about 30 staff members. Its most important clients include the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) and the Swiss National Science Foundation. Its activities are further assisted by contributions from its Support Association. The supreme swisspeace body is the Foundation Council, which is comprised of representatives from politics, science, and the government.
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  • From Iberian Romani to Iberian Para-Romani Varieties Iberian Para-Romani from Iberian Romani To
    FROM IBERIAN ROMANI Linguistic contact between Romani and Spanish, Catalan, and other languages of the Iberian Peninsula began in the fi rst half of the fi ſt eenth century. This contact resulted in the emergence of what are known as the Para-Romani varieties – mixed languages that predominantly TO IBERIAN make use of the grammar of the surrounding language, while at least partly retaining the Romani-derived vocabulary. This book describes their evolution from the earlier, infl ectional Iberian Romani and argues that this previous, fi ſt eenth-century Iberian Romani was similar to the PARA-ROMANI “Early Romani” of the Byzantine period. Based on an extensive body of language material dated between the seventeenth and twenty-fi rst centuries, the book also draws attention to some language phenomena in these varieties which, until now, have not been described. VARIETIES FROM IBERIAN ROMANI TO IBERIAN PARA-ROMANI VARIETIES IBERIAN PARA-ROMANI FROM IBERIAN ROMANI TO ZUZANA KRINKOVÁ ZUZANA KRINKOVÁ ZUZANA KRINKOVÁ KAROLINUM iberian romani_mont.indd 1 5/6/15 7:13 PM From Iberian Romani to Iberian Para-Romani Varieties PhDr. Mgr. Zuzana Krinková, Ph.D. Reviewed by: Doc. Mgr. Ivo Buzek, Ph.D. (Olomouc, Czech Republic) Prof. Dr. Ignasi-Xavier Adiego-Lajara (Barcelona, Spain) Jorge M. F. Bernal (Buenos Aires, Argentina) Published by Charles University in Prague, Karolinum Press Proof-read by Pearl Harris Cover and layout by Jan Šerých Typeset by Karolinum Press First edition © Charles University in Prague, 2015 © Zuzana Krinková, 2015 ISBN 978-80-246-2936-9
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