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Italo-Greek Coins of Southern Italy

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Italo-Greek Coins of Southern Italy gg* .-« K *i^^^^^lr JDv^w? 4 W^vIpBI 'V.,- # ;V 3B ^ * (QortttU ItttuerHttg Hibrarg Strata, Kern $otft BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF HENRY W. SAGE 1891 The date shows when this volume was taken. To renew this book copy the call No. and give to the librarian, HOME USE RULES All Books subject to Recall All borrowers must regis- ter in the library to borrow books for- home use. All books must be re- turned at end of college year for inspection and repairs. Limited books must be re- turned within the four week limit and not renewed. Students must return all books before leaving town. Officers should arrange for the return of books wanted during their absence from town. Volumes of periodicals and of pamphlets are held in the library as much as possible. For special pur- poses they are given out for a limited time. Borrowers should not use their library privileges for the benefit of other persons. Books of special value and gift books, when the giver wishes it, are not allowed to circulate. Readers are asked to re- port all cases of books marked or mutilated. f D« not deface books by marks and writing. Cornell University Library CJ517 -H23 K coins sou^^'.'{SY,,L Italo-Greek <J* 3 1924 029 779 497 olin The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://archive.org/details/cu31924029779497 ITALOGREEK COINS OF SOUTHERN ITALY BY THE REV. A. W. HANDS RECTOR OF NEVENDON, ESSEX THEOL. ASSOC. KING'S COLLEGE, LONDON FELLOW OF THE ROYAL NUMISMATIC SOCIETY, LONDON " AUTHOR OF " COMMON GREEK COINS " AND " COINS OF MAGNA GRAECIA LONDON SPINK & SON Ltd 17 & 18 Piccadilly, London, W. 1912 ITALO-GREEK COINS OF SOUTHERN ITALY ITALOGREEK COINS OF SOUTHERN ITALY BY THE REV. A. W. HANDS RECTOR OF NEVENDON, ESSEX THEOL. ASSOC. KING'S COLLEGE, LONDON FELLOW OF THE ROYAL NUMISMATIC SOCIETY, LONDON " AUTHOR OF " COMMON GREEK COINS AND " COINS OF MAGNA GRAECIA " LONDON SPINK & SON Ltd 17 & 18 Piccadilly, London, W. 1912 INTRODUCTION One of the great advantages offered bv the study of this series of Italian coins is the attainment of a clear perception of the relation- ship of the Roman coinage to that of ancient Greece. Many students of Roman coins neglect the literature connected with Greek coinage and thus miss the pleasure ot tracing the steps by which the Roman coinage was evolved from that of the more ancient and artistic civilization of Greece. In this somewhat neglected corner of the numismatic field the student will not only find problems still unsolved but also many side lights which help to make more clear a somewhat dark and difficult page of history. To students and collectors whose means are limited this series offers the further advantage of a large number of coins which cost little money, and are easily obtained ; moreover it is in connection with the types of the common coins that some of these interesting problems arise, and the relation between the Greek and Roman series may best be illustrated. This series of coins throws much light on the deeply interesting subject of the gradual manner in which the Romans were brought into contact with the Greeks through their wars with the races ot Southern Italy. The chapters concerning the weight standards of ancient Italy are compiled from the works of D r Haeberlin, of Frankfort, to whom I am greatly indebted for several valuable letters concerning the arrangement of the information here given. — VI < It is with the hope that the work will prove interesting, not only to students and collectors of the coins of Southern Italy, but also to readers of Livy and the other authors, who record the wars of the Romans with these tribes, that these chapters are now published in book form. ITALOGREEK COINS OF SOUTHERN ITALY THE OSCAN ALPHABET ON THE COIN LEGENDS. In order that the student of this series may read the legends on the coins it will be necessary to learn the forms of the letters adopted by the Oscan citizens of Southern Campania and by the Sabine citizens of the northern parts. The most striking in their pecularity 'are the letters for a, d, r, and ph, N fl < and 8. The following alphabet will be found useful. a. n, a. 1. V, 4, P. b. a, b. m. Hi NV, M, III v\. c - g- >, D, c. n. H, N, r, d. a. 0. 0. e. 3, E. P- n, r, n. f. 3, 3, t. r. a, d, d, <. z. I. s. *, s. h. B, H, k t. f T. th. 0. u. V,V, V. i. IhK ph or f. 8. ($) k. ». We find almost all the varied forms of the letters here given on the coins of Campania, as for instance, on those of Hyria we have all three " forms of " n ", N V\ M and also of" r a <f,and "a" NflA and ot " " " v Y V V. In the legends of Phistelia we find both forms of" s £ $ " " " and of ph 8 and of " t T >. On the coins of Nuceria and ( % ) Capua we find both forms of " f " 1 3. Hands. i — 2 — The points or dots in some examples of the letters V, as in the name Hyria, suggest that the pronunciation of the first syllable was like that of U with an sound, for Strabo calls that city Oupswv, and the intermediate between dot over I may have signified a sound I and E. This Oscan alphabet was also used by the Italian mints during the Social war. Some legends are partly written in Oscan and partly in Greek letters, as for instance NEOrOUTE*, and others all in Greek, as YPINA. The people who used this form of alphabet were a native Italian race called by Strabo and other Greek writers the "0-tx;i, and by the Latin writers Opici. The original form is preserved by Ennius who called them Opsci. They dwelt on the western side of the Appenines, in the country bounded on the South by the CEnotrian territory, and on the North by that of the Samnites. Their language was closely related to the Latin, of which it is an older and less mixed form. The ablative termination " d ", seen on the coin legends, is also found in the Duilian and other old Latin inscriptions. The Samnites or Sabines or Sabellians, who conquered and mixed with the Oscans, adopted their speech, as we see in the story told by Livy (X, 20), of how A'olumnius overcame a victorious army of Samnites on the banks of the Vulturnus when laden with spoils of Campania. He sent spies who could speak the Oscan language into their camp to learn their proposed move- ments. The Samnites were of Sabine origin, as the Greek form of their name ^ajvTTat implies, the letter b in the word Sabine being changed into v, Savnitae or Safnitas. The coinage of the Sabine cities bears witness to their readiness to receive Greek traditions and art. Livy records their love ot decorated weapons and bright uniforms for their armies. They were not simple mountaineers conquered by the armies of a cultured city, but rather they themselves were the cultured luxurious citizens conquered by the more simple and warlike Romans. As early as the year 400 B.C., or about that time, the Samnites had already settled in Cumas and Palaeopolis, the old part of Neapolis, and issued didrachms, wrought by Greek craftsmen ; whereas the Romans did not issue silver coins until the year 268 B.C. LIST OF THE CAMPANIAN CITIES WHICH ISSUED COINS. K. J&. JE. 1 Campanos 400-380 B.C. — 2 Aceme or Aurunca — 270-250 B.C. C — 3 N. J&. M — 3 Alliba 360-330 B.C. 4 Atella — 250-217 B.C 5 Caiatia 270 B.C. 6 Caiatia — 260-210 B.C 7 Cales 280-268 B.C. 280-240 B . 8 Capua 312 B.C. 335-263 B.C. 335-218 B.C 9 Compulteria — 268-240 B.C 10 Hyria 400-325 B.C. — 11 Nola 360-320 B.C. — 12 Fensernia 380-335 B.C. — 13 Iruthia 300 B.C. 14 Nuceria Alafaternum 280-268 B.C. 260-240 B.C. 15 Phistelia 380-350 B.C. — 16 Suessa 280-268 B.C. 280-240 B.C. 17 Teanum 282-268 B.C. 282-268 B.C 18 Velechia — 250-210 B.C 19 ROMANO series 260-203 300-268 B.C. 300-200 B.C THE CAMPANIANS. The coins of the Samnite or Oscan cities of Campania present us with the best imitations of Greek types, and from the import- ance of the events which took place in that region, and the abun- dance of the coins illustrating them, it will be an advantage to our study of the whole series if we begin with the coins of Campania. Very many of these types, especially those in bronze, are so common that they may be obtained by collectors and students with small means. The history of the Samnite occupation of Campania is not recorded with any detail by the ancient writers. Velleius Paterculus wrote of an Etruscan people who ruled the plains, probably from Vulturnum, near the site afterwards called Capua ; they were driven out by the Samnites about the year 438 B.C., according toothers 424 B.C. Niebuhr (Vol.
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