USUS ArmyArmy CorpsCorps ofof EngineersEngineers andand IraqiIraqi ElectricalElectrical PowerPower

PresentedPresented ByBy MGMG RobertRobert GriffinGriffin forfor thethe CenterCenter forfor StrategicStrategic && InternationalInternational StudiesStudies 2020 AugustAugust 20032003 USACEUSACE MISSIONSMISSIONS Research & Development •Military Construction •Installation Support • Military Engineering •Environmental • Terrain & Geospatial •Interagency & • Installations & Environment International Services • Water Resources Military Programs

• DOD, Federal • State & Local • International Real Estate • Acquire, manage & Civil Works dispose • Navigation, Hydropower • DOD recruiting facilities • Flood control, Shore Protection Int’l Services

• Contingency Operations & Interagency • Disaster Response • Environmental Restoration • Water Supply Plus:Plus:Plus: Homeland HomelandHomeland Security SecuritySecurity • Regulatory • Recreation U.S.U.S. ArmyArmy CorpsCorps ofof EngineersEngineers inin IraqIraq

• Mission: Equip and deploy teams forward and leverage Corps resources to assist DoD in helping the people of Iraq reclaim and rebuild their country. • Key Tasks:

– Preparing for Force Deployment, Sustainment and Redeployment – Restoring Iraqi Oil – Supporting Reconstruction – Technical Support to the Office of Coalition Provisional Authority including providing electrical power and advising ministries

One Corps Serving The Army and the Nation SupportSupport toto U.S.U.S. ForcesForces OverviewOverview

• Support preparatory tasks for military operations and redeployment • Technical assistance to tactical units in military operations • Support beddown of U.S. Army

forces port ect Supp ugh Dire Throu iinneeeerrss iccaall EEnngg ttoo TTaacctti WiringWiring DiagramDiagram President NSC/ Interagency SECDEF

CJCS Commander CPA Administrator CENTCOM Presidential Envoy

t c ” Director of Oil Policy re rt i o D p “ p u Director of Civil Affairs Commander Commander S CJTF-180 CJTF-7 Director Economic Policy

Director Reconstruction (USAID)

Director Operations

Director Security Affairs

Director Press & Public Affairs CURRENT USACE OIF DISPOSITION

NORTH

CPA USAID TF RIO FEST-A FEST-A NORTH RCGRCG NORTHNORTH CPA USACE NORTH NORTH FEST-A IPC CENTRAL

4 ID TAC V Corps FEST-A FEST-M(-) FEST-A

B(-)/249 IRO USAID EN BN (MVD) FEST-A RCGRCG S.S. CENTRALCENTRAL CENTRAL

RCGRCG CENTRALCENTRAL CPA FEST-A SOUTH

CPA USAID FEST-A FEST-A USAID SOUTH C SOUTH C FEST-A SOUTH

RCGRCG SOUTHSOUTH TF RIO FEST-M 111th EN Group TACRAFHA SOUTH RIO LNO (Fwd) RestorationRestoration ofof IraqiIraqi PowerPower InfrastructureInfrastructure

• USACE is assisting Iraqi Ministry of Electricity in the assessment and repair of power generation and transmission facilities

• Troop Camps Requirements

• Technical Assistance to USAID ElectricElectric PowerPower IssuesIssues

Issues • Old Equipment (’60’s Technology) – Efficiency – Parts Availability • Inconsistent Design/Manufacture • Sanctions – Dual Use Prohibitions – United Nations Development Program Funding Process – Waste/Fraud/Abuse • Fuel Availability (Oil Production) • Climate – Increased Demand Summer & Winter – Decreasing Efficiency ElectricElectric PowerPower IssuesIssues (cont)(cont)

• Competing Demands – Hospitals – Water Treatment – Sewage – Residential – Industrial/Agricultural • Security – Looting/Sabotage – Vandalism/Pilferage – Intimidation – Establishment of Power Police – Tribal Security • Communications • Load Management • Control • Maintenance ElectricityElectricity IsIs KeyKey DevelopingDeveloping aa NationalNational PowerPower GridGrid

Regulation Iraq Power Grid – 400 KV and 132 KV Zakho Dam GEN Kirkuk Dohuk Cement Industrial Tuz Factory Kirkuk S Kirkuk Mosul Badush Adaya B GEN / PUMP Cement North East Mosul Factory Dam Mosul Dam GEN

7 Hamam Mishrak Gayara Kesek Kirkuk 5 Tamem SherKat Simjar Cement Mosul IT2A Factory IT1A Tele Abu Old Dhaher Kirkuk Meqadidiya To / From Syria Tele Afar Bayji Dibis Khanaqin 6 GEN GEN N. Mosul Yarmuk Mula Mosul Gas GEN Bayji Abdulla GEN Refinery Hemrien 4 Tikrit GEN Yaremcha New Mula Hemrein Khalis S. Tikrit Abdulla GEN E. Mosul Karakosh Dour Belatroze Samara A North West Dam GEN Diyala

Balad Samara S

West East Karkh Water Baquba Baquba Supply Balad Broadcasting

Nasser Tarmiya

Qudas GEN

Baghdad E. West C Oil Field Taji BN 1 BE Qaim Factory GEN

Rashidiya

Qaim

Pump Station Jameela Ana Waziria

Akashat Thaura Haditha Dam Abu Graib

GEN Faluja City New 3 2 Muthana Akashat Kadhimiya

Heet Masna’a BW Ramadi E. D Factory Hariya Baghdad Gazali

Rotbah Farabi Qubaissa Habania Ramadi Faluja Cement Jamiah Mashtel Factory Yarmouk Ma’ari LEGEND New Baghdad NCC Nahrawan 132 KV Energized Jaza’ir Monsur

Jadriya 132 KV Damaged Baghdad S. Masbah GEN 132 KV Unknown Doura Eskan 400 KV Energized Al Kher GEN

400 KV Damaged Yusefiyah Eskanderiya Qusaiba Samediya

Jassan Aziziyah Latifiya F Sowarah Dubunee Na’aminiyah South East

Hettein BS

Mousaib Qut 14 Wassit GEN Babel Edhekha Broadcasting 11 Cement Qadessiya Factory Old Ali Al Amarah 15 Diaboraj Ghamas Gharby

South Old South Karballa Juraf Al Qut Qut Amarah North SaKhar 8

9 Dijella New Qurna Qurna Amarah

Babel Shamiya Rafa-ee Karballa

Old Hartha Hillah North Shatra Diwaniyah Toba GEN Hartha

Hamar Old 16 Diwaniyah Sha’ebe Nejibiyah Hartha Hillah South Jatmiya GEN GEN Basrah East GEN Nasiriyah Asmeeda North Petro Bab Al Harbor Zubayr Roumaitha 13 GEN Zubayr Oil 10 N. Najaf Nasiriyah GEN Bakar Harbor Najaf Khor Zubayr GEN Old Nasiriyah N. Samawah Steel GEN 12 Factory Tile SST New Rumaila Factory Masaba’am Zubayr 1-A Zubayr 1-B Old Umm Qasr South E Samawah Many Oil Substations Old Najaf New Umm Qasr

Sowa ElectricElectric PowerPower ProductionProduction

Iraq Electric Power Output Data thru 9 Aug 03

5500 5300MW Long Term Goal (IVc)

4500 4600MW Near Term Goal (IVb)

3500 4400MW Pre-Combat Peak MW 4000MW Pre-Combat Ave 2500 7 Day Ave National Output 1500

l un un u -J J -J 4-Jul 5 0-May6-Jun 11-Jul18-Jul2 1-Aug8-Aug 3 13-Jun20- 27 Date PowerPower ProductionProduction (MW)(MW)

Hydro Power (10 Plants) DEMAND (est): ƒ Capacity = 1864 National: 6000 ƒ Producing = 775 Baghdad: 2500 Gas Power Plants (18 Plants) ƒ Capacity = 2349 ƒ Producing = 725 Steam Power Plants (8 Plants) ƒ Capacity = 4635 Transmission: 400KV ƒ Producing = 1800 132KV Total Capacity = 8848 MW Distribution: 44 KV Total Production = 3300 (as of 18 AUG) 11 KV

dro 21% Hy s 26% Ga ermal 53% Th NextNext StepsSteps ElectricElectric PowerPower

ƒ Iraqi Energy Production and Distribution Conference ƒ Tampa, 25-27 AUG ƒ Address near, mid and long term issues ƒ Electric power, oil, security and communications

ƒ CPA & Electricity Commission ƒ identifying ƒ Priorities ƒ Critical projects ƒ Securing funding ƒ $200M of power generation upgrade projects identified ƒ $200M purchase of 400MW of portable power units for supplementing power generation in Baghdad. Funding approved - contract action underway NextNext StepsSteps ElectricElectric PowerPower (cont)(cont)

ƒ Security ƒ Stand up Iraqi Security Force to protect critical infrastructure ƒ Higher local tribes to protect until federal force is in place ƒ Coalition priority to protect electrical infrastructure ƒ United Nations Development Program funding line repair efforts in Baghdad, as well as other governates

ƒ USAID funding long term rehabilitation efforts for various generation stations throughout Iraq that will take place for the next several years ƒ Hydropower plants upgrade/ repair OilOil ConnectionConnection

To Turkey Full Fell Mosul Kirkuk North Dibis Gas Co Task Force Restore Iraqi Oil (RIO), Jamboor Bayji

Mula Abdulla

T1 Depot Southwestern Division (SWD), New Mula Abdulla Saddam Haditha (Bayji) Bayji Rasafa Factories Baghdad East

Qudas US Army Corps of Engineers Mushahedah Khanaqin Taji

Baghdad Abu Graib Doura South

Mussaib Buzulgaan

Hillah Diwaniyah Hartha Latifiyah Legend FUEL AVAILABILITY STATUS Rail Najibiyah Nasiriyah Oil Field Najaf IN IRAQ and GOSP Truck Crude Oil North DAHUK MOSUL Refinery Rumaila Natural Gas Diesel Diesel Power Shuwaiba Station Product: Gasoline, KIRKUK South Gas Gasoline Gasoline Gas Oil, and Kerosene South Natural LPG with Major Rumaila Company Diesel Gas Dome Filling Station Umiyah Terminal LPG LPG Product Fuel Oil Khor Zubayr Bhaker Terminal Gasoline Depot REFINERY LPG BAIJI Diesel KUT Gasoline Diesel LPG BAGHDAD Gasoline RAMADI POWER Diesel LPG Diesel Gasoline FUEL Gasoline AMARAH LPG REFINERY LPG Diesel LEGEND Gasoline AVAILABILITY NORMAL KERBALA LPG <2 WK SUPPLY Diesel SHORTAGES NOW Gasoline PIPELINES NASSRIYAH CRUDE LPG Diesel GAS BASRAH PRODUCT Gasoline Diesel PLANT STATUS LPG Gasoline OPERATING READY TEAM RIO LPG REFINERY DAMAGED 5/8/2003 Please send updated information to: [email protected] OilOil ProductionProduction && RestorationRestoration StrategyStrategy Crude Production - Rolling 7-Day Averages

1600

1400 t

1200

1000

800

600 South

Thousand Barrels 400

South Reserve North 200 North Reserve 0 4/21 4/28 5/5 5/12 5/19 5/26 6/2 6/9 6/16 6/23 6/30 7/7 7/14 7/21 7/28 8/4 Date - Near term = Systematic approach that provides backup power at critical nodes. Divert inbound generators as necessary. - Long term = Backup power at key production and pumping facilities. Generators to power facilities and augment power available on commercial grid. StepStep Forward,Forward, ReachReach BackBack

Leveraging USACE capabilities and knowledge through Field Force Engineering

ReachbackReachback ProductsProducts

• Hydrology analysis • Assessments of bridges and airfields • Base camp site selection analysis • Design transportation “strong-points” • Re-powering of generators • Euphrates River Dam Assessments • Interactive maps of Iraqi infrastructure • Design of Mabey-Johnson temporary bridges • Historical records and drawings for key facilities • Structural assessments for buildings and bridges • Baghdad power, water and sewerage plant assessments • Technical assistance on munitions demolition