IOM Displacement Assessments GOVERNORATE PROFILE SEPT 2009

IOM IDP AND RETURNEE ASSESSMENTS has a long history of displacement, JULY 2009 culminating most recently in the February 2006 bombing of the Al-Askari NAJAF: DISPLACEMENT AT A GLANCE Mosque. Due primarily to sectarian violence, 1.6 million people were internally Governorate Statistics 1 displaced, chiefly in 2006 and 2007, Total post-Feb 2006 IDPs 11.698 families (est. 67,056 individuals) 2 2 according to government figures. Total pre-Feb 2006 IDPs 3,993 families (est. 23,958 individuals) Number of post-Feb 2006 IDPs 6,747 families (est. 40,482 individuals) 3 assessed by IOM IOM field monitoring teams assess the Returnees4 208 families (est. 612 individuals) varying needs and challenges of IDP and Capital Najaf returnee communities across the eighteen Districts , Al-Manathera, Najaf Iraqi governorates. These comprehensive assessments of internally displaced persons Population5 1,081,203 individuals (IDPs) and returnees are conducted through Rapid Assessment questionnaires in conjunction with Iraqi authorities and other Reflecting the situation nationwide, conditions for internally displaced national and international actors. persons (IDPs) currently living in Najaf are harsh. Less than 3% of IOM- assessed IDPs in the governorate wish to integrate into their current places of IOM seeks to ascertain and disseminate displacement, which is considerably below the national average of 22%. detailed information about IDP and Most wish to return home. High rents and few employment opportunities returnee needs and conditions in each only increase the stress of displacement. governorate. A greater understanding of displacement and return in Iraq is intended Najaf IDPs list their top priority needs as shelter, access to employment, and to facilitate policy making, prioritizing areas food. Before they will return, many are waiting on the improvement of of operation, and planning emergency and security as well as assurance of employment and access to basic services in long-term responses.

their places of origin. To date, IOM has assessed 223,898 IDP families and identified 55,007 returnee Quick Facts on Najaf IDPs & Returnees families. Of these returnee families, 3,679 have participated in IOM in-depth needs ¾ 98% of IDPs in Najaf are Shia assessment interviews. Unless otherwise Arab. 88% of these IDP stated, all data in the profile is based on families identify being targeted IOM-assessed populations.

and displaced because of their IOM’s Recommendations for religion. Projects in Najaf

¾ The majority of Najaf IDPs (84%) were displaced from Plan and facilitate the extension of . six classrooms, and provide desks and blackboards for Al-Butoula ¾ 78% of IOM-assessed IDPs in Primary School in Al Rathawiyah Najaf intend to return home, village given the right conditions

Place of Origin – Najaf IDPs

1 As per the Ministry of Displacement and Migration. 2 As per IOM Phase II Monitoring, December 2005. 3 Please note that this is the number of post-February 2006 IDPs assessed by IOM, not the total number of IDPs in the governorate. 4 As per IOM Returnee Assessments, July 2009. IOM Iraq’s Joint Operations Cell maintains a 5 Estimate for the year 2007based on MoP (COSIT) through MoDM, Summary Results IDP Registration – database of project recommendations February 2006 to March 2008, p. 15. submitted by IOM field monitors and others working in Iraq. Email: [email protected]

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NAJAF’S DISPLACED PERSONS: WHO ARE THEY? Number of IDPs in Najaf by District District Number Percentage As with the rest of the southern Iraqi governorates, IDP families in of Families Najaf are primarily Shia Arab families who fled sectarian violence Total 6747 100% in Baghdad and Diyala in 2006. Attracted by a similarly Najaf 4681 69.4% homogenous host community, most chose the area because they Kufa 1780 26.4% have relations there. Al-Manathera 286 4.2%

Pre-2006 IDPs in Najaf largely come from Basrah, Thi-Qar and IDP Governorate of Origin Missan, having fled during the Iran-, and later from Baghdad 83.7% Saddam Hussein’s draining of the southern marshlands. Diyala 7.5% Ninewa 2.7% Anbar 2.3% Salah al-Din 1.4%

IDP & Returnee Locations in Najaf. See final page for detail. 1.3% Babylon 0.9%

Dahuk 0.1%

Religion and Ethnicity in Arab -Shia Turkmen Arab- Muslim - Shia Christia Muslim n Total 98.0% 1.5% 0.7%

Al- 100% 0.0% 0.0% Manathera Kufa 98.0% 1.9% 0.0% Najaf 97.0% 1.5% 1.1%

Reason for Displacement Najaf All Iraq Armed conflict 5.7% 11.2 % Direct threat to life 54.1% 27.7 % Forced Displacement from 19.3% 16.1 % Property Generalized Violence 17.3% 23.9 % Left out of Fear 3.6% 20.3 %

Najaf: Number of Families Displaced (by month, since 2006)

s e

i l 2000

mi

a 1500 F

of 1000 r 500

mbe 0 Nu 2006 2006 2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008 2006 < 2/ 4/ 6/ 8/ 2/ 4/ 6/ 8/ 2/ 10/ 12/ 10/ Date

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION

NAJAF: IDP DEMOGRAPHICS Percentage of Female Headed Households (by district) District Percentage Due to the nature of the sectarian violence in Iraq and conditions Total 7.1% of displacement, a significant number of IDP households in Missan Al-Manathera 3.1% are headed by women. Female-headed households are among the Kufa 5.8% most vulnerable IDP families, as they often have no steady income Najaf 7.9% and cannot advocate for themselves with regard to social and bureaucratic issues. IDPs by Age and Gender Out of those assessed, 54% of IDPs are under the age of 18. The Female Male Total challenges for this disproportionately young IDP population are to Under 1 year 222 253 475 provide adequate educational outlets as well as food, shelter, and 1 to 4 years old 1144 1157 2301 economic support. 5-17 years old 2251 2291 2776 18-60' 2097 1984 4081 In contrast with the rest of the southern governorates, more than Over 60 317 332 649 three-quarters of Najaf IDP families assessed by IOM would like to return to their places of origin. This is in contrast to most of the southern governorates, where most IDPs report that they would prefer to stay and integrate into their places of displacement or resettle in another location. Most of the IDP families who wish to return would do so in Baghdad (85%) or Diyala (7%). Specifically, returns to Baghdad would be largely to district.

Najaf IDP Settlement Intentions District Locally integrate in the Resettle in a Return to Waiting on one or current location third location their place of several factors to make a origin decision Najaf Total 2.9% 17.3% 77.5% 1.4% Al-Ka'im 0.9% 25.4% 68.1% 0.0%

Al-Rutba 0.0% 11.9% 88.1% 0.0% Ana 0.0% 23.2% 76.8% 0.0% Falluja 3.3% 17.1% 74.2% 5.3% 13.2% 30.2% 51.0% 0.0% Heet 4.2% 30.3% 65.4% 0.0% 2.3% 8.3% 88.7% 0.7%

Of those that intend to return, to which governorate will they return? Current District of Displacement Governorate of TOTAL Al-Manathera District Najaf District Return # of % from Najaf IDPs # of # of % from # of % from District Families who intend to return Families % from District Families District Families All Governorates 6103 100% 258 100% 1658 100% 4187 100% Anbar 119 1.9% 5 1.9% 40 2.4% 74 1.8% Babylon 50 0.8% 4 1.6% 6 0.4% 40 1.0% Baghdad 5161 84.6% 230 89.1% 1426 86.0% 3505 83.7% Diyala 432 7.1% 16 6.2% 110 6.6% 306 7.3% Dahuk 4 0.1% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 4 0.1% Ninewa 172 2.8% 0 0.0% 47 2.8% 125 3.0% Kirkuk 88 1.4% 3 1.2% 12 0.7% 73 1.7% Salah al-Din 76 1.2% 0 0.0% 17 1.0% 59 1.4% Wassit 1 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 1 0.0%

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION

NAJAF’S DISPLACED PERSONS: LIVING CONDITIONS AND PRIORITY NEEDS Employment Najaf All Iraq At least one member of the 41.1% 32.8 % family has a job Najaf IDPs report a slightly lower rate of unemployment in None of the members has a 59.0% 67.2 % comparison to IDPs across the country. Yet conditions remain job harsh as displacement is prolonged. PDS access remains sporadic or unavailable, and rents are prohbitively high. The top priority PDS Access Najaf All Iraq need reported by IDPs in Najaf is shelter, specifcally that they are Not at all 27.0% 20.1% in danger of losing their rented homes as rents continue to rise Sometimes 68.2% 46.2% while income opportunities are difficult to find. Yes, always 4.6% 33.6%

Electricity Najaf All Iraq In addition, 18% of IOM-assessed IDP families in Najaf live in No Electricity 11.9% 4.8% informal group settlements or public buildings. The characteristics 1-3 hours per day 39.8% 31.2% of group settlements make the people who resort to them Four or more hours per day 41.8% 63.2% particularly vulnerable. They are often on privately- or government-owned land, with eviction a looming possibility. Water Source Najaf All Iraq There is little access to basic services such as water and electricity Municipal water (underground 98.1% 88.8% networks, and health clinics are often distant or inaccessible. pipes) Water tanks / trucks 0.8% 26.1% Public Wells 0.4% 11.3% As with IDPs across the country, IOM-assessed families in Najaf Rivers, streams or lakes 0.0% 12.5% are concerned with finding employment and having enough food Open / broken pipe 0.0% 12.1% for themselves and their families. Availability of health care Other Sources 0.5% 3.4% faciliities and schools is also a major concern.

Living Structure (by district) District Collective Town Former Military Public Host Rented Other Settlement Camp building house house Total 16.9% 0.2% 0.9% 5.3% 76.1% 0.5% Al- 3.1% 1.7% 0.3% 0.7% 94.1% 0.0% Manathera Kufa 18.4% 0.0% 1.5% 3.8% 76.3% 0.0% Najaf 17.2% 0.1% 0.8% 6.2% 74.9% 0.8%

RETURN AND RETURN POTENTIAL IN NAJAF

The majority of post-2006 displacement originates from Baghdad, Diyala, Ninewa, and Anbar governorates, and these locations are also the focus of return and potential future return. Returnee numbers in the Governorate by District District Returnee Families There was very little post-2006 displacement originating from Najaf Governorate Total 208 Najaf, and thus there is little potential for return or current return. Al-Manathera 14 Kufa 42 To date, IOM monitors have identified 208 returnee families, as Najaf 152 seen to the right. Priority needs of Najaf returnees are employment, food, NFIs, and shelter.

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION

ADDRESSING IDP AND RETURNEE NEEDS

IOM Iraq’s Joint Operations Cell (JOC) works to mitigate emergency needs while looking at sustainable measures such as income-generating activities as part of the transition from relief to recovery.

August 2008 – Distribution of essential summer non-food items to 1,800 IDP and 200 host community families in Al- Manathera and Kufa

In the summer months, many IDPs and other host community families suffer from poor housing and shelter due to intense summer heat. This grant facilitated the distribution of essential non-food items to address the unique needs of families in the harsh summer conditions.

IOM Ongoing and Recently RECOMMENDED FUTURE PROJECTS IN NAJAF Completed Projects in Najaf

August 2008 – Distribution of IOM’s Joint Operations Cell (JOC) maintains a database of project essential summer non-food items to recommendations submitted by IOM field monitors and others 1,800 IDP and 200 host community working in Iraq. Along with those on the first page, the following are families in Al-Manathera and Kufa also applicable in Najaf:

September 2008 – Distribution of fire extinguishers to Al-Manathera camp ¾ Distribute essential food and non-food items to 54 IDP families in Al Haydareya district September 2008 – Rehabilitation of two compact water units for IDP and

Host community families in Abu Gharab and Al Wahabi villages ¾ Plan and facilitate the extension of six classrooms, and provide desks and blackboards for Al-Butoula Primary School in Al October 2008 – Providing 200 desks Rathawiyah village and 20 blackboards to Iraq’s Department of Education in Najaf ¾ Distribute water filters to 12 IDP families in Al-Jidaida November 2008 – Training of 100 neighborhood suffering from a lack of potable water (and who women from IDP and vulnerable are therefore at risk for water-borne diseases) host community families to be Traditional Birth Attendants

June 2009 – Distribution of essential non-food items to vulnerable families [email protected]

Please note that displacement and return are occurring on a continuous basis, and IOM strives to update this information as frequently as possible. Through its monitoring and needs assessments, IOM has also developed periodic displacement updates, yearly and mid-year reviews, returnee needs assessments, and other reports. For these and information on the IOM’s needs assessment methodology, see http://www.iom-iraq.net/idp.html.

For further information on IDPs and returnees in Iraq, please contact Rex Alamban, Head of IOM Iraq Joint Operations Cell at [email protected] or Liana Paris, IOM Monitoring Officer, at [email protected] (+962 6 565 9660 extensions 1067 and 1033).

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION

NAJAF– IDP and Returnee Locations, AUGUST 2009 IOM DISPLACEMENT MONITORING AND NEEDS ASSESSMENTS 43°0'0"E 44°0'0"E 45°0'0"E Kerbala Babylon Legend Maqali'e al-ramil - mazraat hajj talib Mazraat abu khalid al-hajy Al jamhoury Al-zirkah 88 IDP_Places Al Melad Village Jamaa Kufa Ansar Ansar Hay Al Hussain 1- 99 32°0'0"N Al Melad Village Najaf Hay Al Hussain 32°0'0"N Ar Ruhaymah Al Ameer Al Quds Village Abu Sukhayr 100 - 499 Al Hirah Qadissiya 500 - 999 Alhaidariyah Al-Manathera

Al Qadissiya 1000 - 1999 Al Qadisiyah Anbar Hay Al Mu'limeen 2000 and more g Returnee locations

Origin of IDPs in the governorate

Najaf Najaf

31°0'0"N 31°0'0"N

Aljamaiyah

Muthanna

Saudi Arabia

30°0'0"N 30°0'0"N

43°0'0"E 44°0'0"E 45°0'0"E