Technical Note Environmental Issues in Areas Retaken from Isil Mosul, Iraq
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World's Major Rivers
WWWWWWoorrlldd’’ss mmaajjoorr rriivveerrss AAnn IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn ttoo iinntteerrnnaattiioonnaall wwwwwwaatteerr llaawwwwww wwwwwwiitthh ccaassee ssttuuddiieess THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK WWWWWWoorrlldd’’ss mmaajjoorr rriivveerrss An introduction to international water law with case studies Colorado River Commission of Nevada 555 E. Washington Avenue, Suite 3100 Las Vegas, Nevada 89101 Phone: (702) 486-2670 Website: http://crc.nv.gov November 2008 Jacob (Jay) D. Bingham, Chairman Ace I. Robinson, Vice Chairman Andrea Anderson, Commissioner Marybel Batjer, Commissioner Chip Maxfield, Commissioner George F. Ogilvie III, Commissioner Lois Tarkanian, Commissioner George M. Caan, Executive Director Primary Author: Daniel Seligman, Attorney at Law Columbia Research Corp. P.O. Box 99249 Seattle, Washington 98139 (206) 285-1185 Project Editors: McClain Peterson, Project Manager Manager, Natural Resource Division Colorado River Commission of Nevada Sara Price Special Counsel-Consultant Colorado River Commission of Nevada Esther Valle Natural Resource Analyst Colorado River Commission of Nevada Nicole Everett Natural Resource Analyst Colorado River Commission of Nevada THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK World’s Major Rivers ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Daniel Seligman at the Columbia Research Corp. wishes to thank Jacqueline Pruner, attorney at law in Seattle, for her contribution to the section on water law in Canada and her valuable editing assistance throughout the entire document. The staff at the Murray-Darling Basin Commission and Goulburn-Murray Water in Australia provided important information about the Murray-Darling River system, patiently answered the author’s questions, and reviewed the draft text on water trading. Staff at the International Joint Commission in Washington, D.C., and the Prairie Provinces Water Board in Regina, Canada, also offered helpful comments on an earlier draft. -
Report on the Protection of Civilians in the Armed Conflict in Iraq
HUMAN RIGHTS UNAMI Office of the United Nations United Nations Assistance Mission High Commissioner for for Iraq – Human Rights Office Human Rights Report on the Protection of Civilians in the Armed Conflict in Iraq: 11 December 2014 – 30 April 2015 “The United Nations has serious concerns about the thousands of civilians, including women and children, who remain captive by ISIL or remain in areas under the control of ISIL or where armed conflict is taking place. I am particularly concerned about the toll that acts of terrorism continue to take on ordinary Iraqi people. Iraq, and the international community must do more to ensure that the victims of these violations are given appropriate care and protection - and that any individual who has perpetrated crimes or violations is held accountable according to law.” − Mr. Ján Kubiš Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General in Iraq, 12 June 2015, Baghdad “Civilians continue to be the primary victims of the ongoing armed conflict in Iraq - and are being subjected to human rights violations and abuses on a daily basis, particularly at the hands of the so-called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. Ensuring accountability for these crimes and violations will be paramount if the Government is to ensure justice for the victims and is to restore trust between communities. It is also important to send a clear message that crimes such as these will not go unpunished’’ - Mr. Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, 12 June 2015, Geneva Contents Summary ...................................................................................................................................... i Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1 Methodology .............................................................................................................................. -
Jack Zimmermann Sees Larger Cause in His Defense of Marine Charged with Iraq Killings
www.texaslawyer.com SEPTEMBER 3, 2007 VOL. 23 • NO. 26 Jack Zimmermann Sees Larger Cause In His Defense of Marine Charged With Iraq Killings by MARK DONALD he small courtroom tucked into the northern tip of Camp Pendleton, a sprawling Marine base near San Diego, looked brand new. Its white walls smelled of fresh paint, its oak benches were at high gloss, Tits overactive air conditioner kept law- yers chilled and awake. Yet despite the newness of the setting, the alleged crime the U.S. government was prosecuting on July 16 was as old as war itself. The government had “preferred charges” against Lance Cpl. Stephen B. Tatum of Kilo Company, 3rd Bat- talion, 1st Marine Division, for the “unpremeditated murder” of two civilians, both OF Iraqi children, and the negligent homicide of four FOG WAR other Iraqi civilians, among them a woman and a 4-year-old boy. A native of Edmund, Okla., Tatum who was 25 at the time of the incident, faces life imprison- ment if convicted. His alleged war crimes were part of a larger investigation into the deaths of 24 Iraqi civilians in Haditha, Iraq, on Nov. 19, 2005, after an impro- vised explosive device (IED) killed one Marine and wounded two others. On Dec. 21, 2006, the government charged four officers with, among other things, dereliction of duty for failing to JOHN EVERETT This article is reprinted with permission from the September 3, 2007 issue of Texas Lawyer. © 2007, Texas Lawyer. For subscription information, contact Texas Lawyer, 1412 Main St., Suite 1300, Dallas, TX 75202 • 214-744-7701 • 800-456-5484 ext.701 • www.texaslawyer.com report the alleged violation of the laws of war. -
Iraq SITREP 2015-5-22
Iraq Situation Report: July 02 - 06, 2015 1 On July 3, ISIS destroyed the house of Hawija police chief Col. Fattah Yasin al-Khafaji in Barima 7 On July 4, ISIS launched two SVBIEDs against the ISF and “Popular Mobiliza- village, between Kirkuk and Hawija. On July 5, Iraqi Air Force airstrikes destroyed a VBIED factory tion” in Baiji district, north of Tikrit, killing nine Iraqi Army (IA) soldiers and containing “more than 100 vehicles” and killed a large number of ISIS members, including “explosives forcing the ISF and “Popular Mobilization” to withdraw southward from the center experts” in Riyadh sub-district, southwest of Kirkuk on the road linking Kirkuk and Hawija. Between of Baiji. ISIS then recaptured Asri and Tamim neighborhoods in Baiji. On July 6, July 3 and July 4, DoD reported two airstrikes “near Hawija.” the Ministry of Defense (MoD) reported that IA Aviation strikes killed 10 ISIS ghters in the Albu Juwari area, north of Baiji, and an anonymous security source 2 On July 6, Kirkuk Peshmerga ocials stated that ISIS attacked Peshmerga positions in al-Humayra reported that ISF reinforcements are heading to Baiji from south of Tikrit. Between and al-Murra villages, al-Nawal, al-Shahid complex, the Rashad area, Maktab Khalid, and Miriam July 3 and 6, the DoD conrmed three airstrikes “near Baiji.” Beg south of Kirkuk city. According to a Kirkuk Peshmerga ocial, 600 ISIS ghters participated in the attack and used multiple SVBIEDs, three of which the Peshmerga destroyed 8 Between July 3 and July 6, DoD reported six airstrikes “near Makhmur,” with anti-tank missiles before the SVBIEDs reached their targets. -
Kurdistan Rising? Considerations for Kurds, Their Neighbors, and the Region
KURDISTAN RISING? CONSIDERATIONS FOR KURDS, THEIR NEIGHBORS, AND THE REGION Michael Rubin AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE Kurdistan Rising? Considerations for Kurds, Their Neighbors, and the Region Michael Rubin June 2016 American Enterprise Institute © 2016 by the American Enterprise Institute. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be used or reproduced in any man- ner whatsoever without permission in writing from the American Enterprise Institute except in the case of brief quotations embodied in news articles, critical articles, or reviews. The views expressed in the publications of the American Enterprise Institute are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the staff, advisory panels, officers, or trustees of AEI. American Enterprise Institute 1150 17th St. NW Washington, DC 20036 www.aei.org. Cover image: Grand Millennium Sualimani Hotel in Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, by Diyar Muhammed, Wikimedia Commons, Creative Commons. Contents Executive Summary 1 1. Who Are the Kurds? 5 2. Is This Kurdistan’s Moment? 19 3. What Do the Kurds Want? 27 4. What Form of Government Will Kurdistan Embrace? 56 5. Would Kurdistan Have a Viable Economy? 64 6. Would Kurdistan Be a State of Law? 91 7. What Services Would Kurdistan Provide Its Citizens? 101 8. Could Kurdistan Defend Itself Militarily and Diplomatically? 107 9. Does the United States Have a Coherent Kurdistan Policy? 119 Notes 125 Acknowledgments 137 About the Author 139 iii Executive Summary wo decades ago, most US officials would have been hard-pressed Tto place Kurdistan on a map, let alone consider Kurds as allies. Today, Kurds have largely won over Washington. -
The Euphrates River: an Analysis of a Shared River System in the Middle East
/?2S THE EUPHRATES RIVER: AN ANALYSIS OF A SHARED RIVER SYSTEM IN THE MIDDLE EAST by ARNON MEDZINI THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF LONDON September 1994 ProQuest Number: 11010336 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11010336 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 Abstract In a world where the amount of resources is constant and unchanging but where their use and exploitation is growing because of the rapid population growth, a rise in standards of living and the development of industrialization, the resource of water has become a critical issue in the foreign relations between different states. As a result of this many research scholars claim that, today, we are facing the beginning of the "Geopolitical era of water". The danger of conflict of water is especially severe in the Middle East which is characterized by the low level of precipitation and high temperatures. The Middle Eastern countries have been involved in a constant state of political tension and the gap between the growing number of inhabitants and the fixed supply of water and land has been a factor in contributing to this tension. -
Profile: Tigris/Euphrates River Basins
va®aea wi air- tf< ti +f' 1> t } r Profile: Tigris/Euphrates River Basins it III 4 M .1 I J CEWRC-IWR-P 29 May 91 Tigris-Euphrates Basin Summary *Projects in Turkey, Syria, and Iraq are expected to greatly reduce both Euphrates and Tigris stream flows and reduce water quality *Already Syria claims Tabqa Damhydropowerplants are operating at only 10%capacitybecause ofAtaturk filling *Estimates of depletion vary; one estimate is for approx. 50 % depletion of Euphrates flowsby Turkey and almost a 30 % depletionby Syria(given completionofTurkey's Gap project and projected Syrian withdrawals); the most likely date for completion of all projects (if at all) is 2040; in the 1960s, Iraq withdrew an average of about 50 % of Euphrates flows *One estimate of projected Euphrates depletions for the year 2000 is 20 % each by Turkey and Syria *Syria and Iraq may be especially affected by reduced flow during low flow years *Of more immediate concern than possible long-term reduction in flow quantity is increased pollution of inflows to Lake Assad on the Euphrates (main water supply source for Aleppo) and to the Khabur River (both in Syria) owing to irrigation return flows; both areas plan for greater use of those waters *Quality of Euphrates flows into Iraq will also beaffected *Iraq has constructed Tigris-Euphrates Outfall Drain to drain irrigation water into Shatt al-Basra and Gulf *Most water withdrawals within the basin are forirrigation;Turkey,Syria,and Iraq all are attempting to expand irrigation programs *Recent projected demands for water withdrawals for Iraq were not available for this study. -
Worldwide Attacks Against Dams
Worldwide Attacks Against Dams A Historical Threat Resource for Owners and Operators 2012 i ii Preface This product is a compilation of information related to incidents that occurred at dams or related infrastructure world-wide. The information was gathered using domestic and foreign open-source resources as well as other relevant analytical products and databases. This document presents a summary of real-world events associated with physical attacks on dams, hydroelectric generation facilities and other related infrastructure between 2001 and 2011. By providing an historical perspective and describing previous attacks, this product provides the reader with a deeper and broader understanding of potential adversarial actions against dams and related infrastructure, thus enhancing the ability of Dams Sector-Specific Agency (SSA) partners to identify, prepare, and protect against potential threats. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) National Protection and Programs Directorate’s Office of Infrastructure Protection (NPPD/IP),which serves as the Dams Sector- Specific Agency (SSA), acknowledges the following members of the Dams Sector Threat Analysis Task Group who reviewed and provided input for this document: Jeff Millenor – Bonneville Power Authority John Albert – Dominion Power Eric Martinson – Lower Colorado River Authority Richard Deriso – Federal Bureau of Investigation Larry Hamilton – Federal Bureau of Investigation Marc Plante – Federal Bureau of Investigation Michael Strong – Federal Bureau of Investigation Keith Winter – Federal Bureau of Investigation Linne Willis – Federal Bureau of Investigation Frank Calcagno – Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Robert Parker – Tennessee Valley Authority Michael Bowen – U.S. Department of Homeland Security, NPPD/IP Cassie Gaeto – U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Office of Intelligence and Analysis Mark Calkins – U.S. -
Euphrates-Tigris
0 [Type here] Irrigation in Africa in figures - AQUASTAT Survey - 2016 Transboundary River Basin Overview – Euphrates-Tigris Version 2009 Recommended citation: FAO. 2009. AQUASTAT Transboundary River Basins – Euphrates-Tigris River Basin. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Rome, Italy The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licencerequest or addressed to [email protected]. -
DATA COLLECTION SURVEY on WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT and AGRICULTURE IRRIGATION in the REPUBLIC of IRAQ FINAL REPORT April 2016 the REPUBLIC of IRAQ
DATA COLLECTION SURVEY ON WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND AGRICULTURE IRRIGATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF IRAQ FINAL REPORT April 2016 REPORT IRAQ FINAL THE REPUBLIC OF IN IRRIGATION AGRICULTURE AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT WATER ON COLLECTION SURVEY DATA THE REPUBLIC OF IRAQ DATA COLLECTION SURVEY ON WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND AGRICULTURE IRRIGATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF IRAQ FINAL REPORT April 2016 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) NTC International Co., Ltd. 7R JR 16-008 英文 118331.402802.28.4.14 作業;藤川 Directorate Map Dohuk N Albil Nineveh Kiekuk As-Sulaymaniyyah Salah ad-Din Tigris river Euphrates river Bagdad Diyala Al-Anbar Babil Wasit Karbala Misan Al-Qadisiyan Al-Najaf Dhi Qar Al-Basrah Al-Muthanna Legend Irrigation Area International boundary Governorate boundary River Location Map of Irrigation Areas ( ii ) Photographs Kick-off meeting with MoWR officials at the conference Explanation to D.G. Directorate of Legal and Contracts of room of MoWR MoWR on the project formulation (Conference room at Both parties exchange observations of Inception report. MoWR) Kick-off meeting with MoA officials at the office of MoA Meeting with MoP at office of D.G. Planning Both parties exchange observations of Inception report. Both parties discussed about project formulation Courtesy call to the Minister of MoA Meeting with representatives of WUA assisted by the JICA JICA side explained the progress of the irrigation sector loan technical cooperation project Phase 1. and further project formulation process. (Conference room of MoWR) ( iii ) Office of AL-Zaidiya WUA AL-Zaidiya WUA office Site field work to investigate WUA activities during the JICA team conducted hearing investigation on water second field survey (Dhi-Qar District) management, farming practice of WUA (Dhi-Qar District) Piet Ghzayel WUA Piet Ghzayel WUA Photo shows the eastern portion of the farmland. -
Iraq's Displacement Crisis
CEASEFIRE centre for civilian rights Lahib Higel Iraq’s Displacement Crisis: Security and protection © Ceasefire Centre for Civilian Rights and Minority Rights Group International March 2016 Cover photo: This report has been produced as part of the Ceasefire project, a multi-year pro- gramme supported by the European Union to implement a system of civilian-led An Iraqi boy watches as internally- displaced Iraq families return to their monitoring of human rights abuses in Iraq, focusing in particular on the rights of homes in the western Melhaniyeh vulnerable civilians including vulnerable women, internally-displaced persons (IDPs), neighbourhood of Baghdad in stateless persons, and ethnic or religious minorities, and to assess the feasibility of September 2008. Some 150 Shi’a and Sunni families returned after an extending civilian-led monitoring to other country situations. earlier wave of displacement some two years before when sectarian This report has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union violence escalated and families fled and the Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Canada. The con- to neighbourhoods where their sect was in the majority. tents of this report are the sole responsibility of the publishers and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union. © Ahmad Al-Rubaye /AFP / Getty Ceasefire Centre for Civilian Rights The Ceasefire Centre for Civilian Rights is a new initiative to develop ‘civilian-led monitoring’ of violations of international humanitarian law or human rights, to pursue legal and political accountability for those responsible for such violations, and to develop the practice of civilian rights. -
Euphrates River Basin
Chapter 1 Euphrates River Basin INVENTORY OF SHARED WATER RESOURCES IN WESTERN ASIA (ONLINE VERSION) How to cite UN-ESCWA and BGR (United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia; Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe). 2013. Inventory of Shared Water Resources in Western Asia. Beirut. CHAPTER 1 - EUPHRATES RIVER BASIN Euphrates River Basin The Euphrates at the syrian-Turkish border, syria, 2009. source: adel samara. eXecutiVe suMMarY The Euphrates River is the longest river in last 70 years show a negative trend, indicating a Western asia. The river has three riparian decrease in mean annual flow to about 25 Bcm. countries, Iraq, syria and Turkey, and its basin The regulation of the Euphrates River is an is distributed among five countries with a total extreme example of how human intervention can estimated population of 23 million. impact a river regime. With the construction of most of the Euphrates stream-flow originates large water engineering structures in upstream from precipitation in the armenian Highlands; Turkey and syria, the Euphrates flow regime contributions by the remaining riparian has shifted towards less pronounced seasonal countries are generally small. In addition to variation. some intermittent streams, the sajur, Balikh Water use in the Euphrates Basin in Iraq, syria and Khabour are the main contributors to and Turkey focuses on irrigation, hydropower Euphrates flow in syria. and drinking water supply, with agriculture Historically, the natural annual flow of the consuming the largest share of water (more Euphrates at the syrian-Turkish border was than 70%). around 30 Bcm. However, data records over the 48 INVENTORY OF SHARED WATER RESOURCES IN WESTERN ASIA - PART I as a result, water quality has become a serious basin Facts issue on the Euphrates River: return flows from agricultural drainage cause salinity problems riParian COUNTRIES Iraq, syria, Turkey that are exacerbated along the river course.