DOCSLIB.ORG

R. Srinivasan Prasad Daggupati Deepa Varma

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
R. Srinivasan Prasad Daggupati Deepa Varma R. Srinivasan Prasad Daggupati Deepa Varma Outline • Development of SWAT model in Tigris-Euphrates basin • Hydrological analysis of flow in Tigris and its tributaries (including Karkheh river flowing from Iran) feeding to Hawizeh marsh • Analysis and implications of dams/water control structures Introduction The Tigris Euphrates River Basin • Area: 879790 km2 - largest basin in the Middle East • Tigris: 304000 km2 • Euphrates: 503900 km2 • Karun: 71800 km2 Euphrates Basin Tigris Basin* Country % Area % Flow % Area % Flow Turkey 21 98.5 18 53 Syria 17 1.5 0.2 - Iran - - 30 5.9 Hawizeh Mash Iraq 49 - 53 40.7 Saudi Arabia 13 - - - * Data excludes Karun basin Feeds Hawizeh Turkey Landuse Marsh Landuse SWAT categories Area (KM2) Area (KM2) % Watershed BROADLEAF FOREST 119809 Forest NEEDLELEAF FOREST 1 119844 15% EVERGREEN FOREST 12 MIXED FOREST 21 SHRUBLAND 309298 Syria Iraq Shrubland 500608 62% BAREN/SPARSLY VEGETATED 191310 Iran Agricultural Land-Row Crops 181515 Agriculture 183270 23% RICE 5 Agricultural Land-Generic 1750 Urban Residential-Medium Density 6858 6931 1% Residential-Low Density 73 Water WATER 2486 2486 0% Wetlands Wetlands-Non-Forested 1073 1073 0% Overview of Tigris river, tributaries and water structures feeding Hawizeh marsh Upper Zone until Iraq border Proposed dam Current dam 1 Legend tigris_dams 2 <all other values> Type Û Barrage !( Dam 3 #* Dam Under Construction $+ Planned Dam Û Regulator +$ planned dam Middle Zone until Bagdad 1 2 Legend tigris_dams <all other values> Type 3 Û Barrage !( Dam #* Dam Under Construction $+ Planned Dam Û Regulator +$ planned dam Lower Zone until Hawizeh Marsh 1 Legend tigris_dams <all other values>2 Type Û Barrage !( Dam #* Dam Under Construction $+ Planned Dam 3 Û Regulator +$ planned dam Downstream Tigris after Bagdad until Tigris Hawizeh Marsh Kutt Kutt barrage – Kutt barrage diverts water to Shat Al-Gharaf canal especially for irrigation Al Musharah & Al Kahlaa • Final set of observed flow Amarah Karkheh data available after kutt Ammara barrage Betarra Al Al – Before Ammara barrage • Tigris river diverts water Tigris to 2 branches – Al- Eraidh (700cms) and Al Berata (700cms) to feed central marshes – At Ammara barrage, • Tigris river divides into 3 Ammara branches – 2 branches (Al- Musharah(150cms) and Al-Kahlaa(477cms) feeds into Al- Hawizeh marsh – 1 branch (360cms) heads towards Basra where it meets Euphrates Image source: Nature iraq report Methods SWAT model development Data inputs • Watershed characterization – DEM • Resolution: 90 ×90 m • 940 subbasins in TU basin – 408 in Tigris, 454 in Euphrates, 78 in Karun – Landuse landcover • Resolution: 100 ×100 m Subwatersheds • Global landuse(based on year 2000) used – Manual editing to make sure spatial extent of agricultural fields are represented correctly (Appendix 2) – Soils • FAO soils used • Resolution: 1:5,000,000 – Slope • 0-5% (67% of watershed), 5-12% (9% of watershed)and >12% (23% of watershed) – Weather Weather • Streams Global weather data @ 40 by 40 KM resolution DEM – Daily data for 32-year period from 1979 to 2010 Subbasins – 1272 weather stations in the river basin – HRU delineation Landuse • 5/12/10% thresholds for landuse, soil, slope Soils – All agricultural lands were exempt • Finally 9088 HRU’s in TU basin Appendix 1 gives information on SWAT model Dams Water control structures Euphrates Tigris Karun Total Dams 14 11 3 28 Planned dams 2 10 3 15 Dams under construction 0 1 3 4 Barrage/regulators 4 5 0 9 Total Dams 16 22 9 47 Total Barrage/regulators 3 5 0 8 Tigris 1950 - 1971 1980- 1990- 2000- 2011 - basin 1970 -1979 1989 1999 2010 2020 3 1 2 4 1 11 Tigris Basin Water control Euphrates Tigris Karun structures in Total Euphrates Basin country current planned current planned current planned Turkey 7 2 4 7 0 0 20 Karun Basin Syria 6 0 0 0 0 0 6 Iraq 4 0 11 4 0 0 19 Iran 0 0 1 0 3 6 10 LegendTotal 17 2 16 11 3 6 55 tigris_dams <all other values> Type• Dam operational information Û Barrage• Start date, Surface area, volume, operational logistics !( Dam #* Dam Under Construction• Wikipedia and other cited literature $+ Planned• DamManual adjustments needed to be made Û Regulator +$ planned dam • Some data in Wikipedia were wrong • Eg. Surface area of Tartar lake 2800 Sq.KM, however observation on aerial image shows 1800 Sq.KM More information on dams is presented in appendix 3 Calibration • Statistical and graphical evaluation Gauge station R2 NSE PBIAS Greater Zab upstream (1982-1990)* 0.67 0.65 9 R2 > 0.6 ---> good NSE > 0.5 ---> good Greateer Zab downstream (1982 –1990) 0.67 0.65 10 Pbias < 1 5%---> good Lesser Zab upstream (1982-1990) 0.71 0.64 -25 Diyala upstream((1982-1990) 0.68 0.62 14 * Time period of calibration based on best observed data available without data interruptions Karkheh below reservoir (1990 -1999) 0.68 0.62 14 Tigris below Mosul dam (1985-1994) 0.51 0.5 -13 Monthly average (cms) Monthly Standard Deviation (cms) Tigris before Samara barrage (1985-1994) 0.71 0.7 10 Measured Simulated Measured Simulated Tigris above Bagdad (1985-1994) 0.37 0.09 8 688.8 616.7 303.4 367.7 461.2 524.2 351.2 395.8 Tigris below Kutt barrage (1989-2001) 0.72 0.2 -14 (1100mcm) (1300mcm) (900mcm) (1000mcm) 1800 2000-2010 simulated – 800mcm 1600 Observed Simulated Linear (Simulated) 1400 1200 1000 Greater Zab upstream (t7) 800 600 400 Streamflow (m3/s) 200 0 10/1/19… 12/1/19… 11/1/19… 10/1/19… 12/1/19… 11/1/19… 10/1/19… 12/1/19… 11/1/20… 10/1/20… 12/1/20… 11/1/20… 8/1/1982 3/1/1983 5/1/1984 7/1/1985 2/1/1986 9/1/1986 4/1/1987 6/1/1988 1/1/1989 8/1/1989 3/1/1990 5/1/1991 7/1/1992 2/1/1993 9/1/1993 4/1/1994 6/1/1995 1/1/1996 8/1/1996 3/1/1997 5/1/1998 7/1/1999 2/1/2000 9/1/2000 4/1/2001 6/1/2002 1/1/2003 8/1/2003 3/1/2004 5/1/2005 7/1/2006 2/1/2007 9/1/2007 4/1/2008 6/1/2009 1/1/2010 8/1/2010 4000 1/1/1982 3500 3000 Observed Simulated Linear (Simulated) 2500 2000 Tigris below Kutt barrage (t7) 1500 1000 Streamflow (m3/s) 500 0 10/1/19… 12/1/19… 11/1/19… 10/1/19… 12/1/19… 11/1/19… 10/1/20… 12/1/20… 11/1/20… 10/1/20… 12/1/20… 1/1/1985 8/1/1985 3/1/1986 5/1/1987 7/1/1988 2/1/1989 9/1/1989 4/1/1990 6/1/1991 1/1/1992 8/1/1992 3/1/1993 5/1/1994 7/1/1995 2/1/1996 9/1/1996 4/1/1997 6/1/1998 1/1/1999 8/1/1999 3/1/2000 5/1/2001 7/1/2002 2/1/2003 9/1/2003 4/1/2004 6/1/2005 1/1/2006 8/1/2006 3/1/2007 5/1/2008 7/1/2009 2/1/2010 9/1/2010 Results • Flow into Hawizeh marsh from Karkheh River Karkheh from marsh Hawizeh into Flow Flow (cms) 1000 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 0 1/1/1982 9/1/1982 5/1/1983 1/1/1984 9/1/1984 5/1/1985 Flow without Karkheh dam 1/1/1986 mcm 5900 2500 ha, 9/1/1986 5/1/1987 1/1/1988 9/1/1988 5/1/1989 1/1/1990 9/1/1990 5/1/1991 1/1/1992 9/1/1992 Karkheh flow 5/1/1993 1/1/1994 9/1/1994 5/1/1995 Average monthly flow (mcm) 1/1/1996 9/1/1996 5/1/1997 1/1/1998 9/1/1998 5/1/1999 1/1/2000 9/1/2000 5/1/2001 Exceedance% 1/1/2002 9/1/2002 5/1/2003 1/1/2004 9/1/2004 5/1/2005 1/1/2006 9/1/2006 5/1/2007 1/1/2008 9/1/2008 5/1/2009 1/1/2010 9/1/2010 Annual Water budgets in 80’s Kutt Barrage Tigris Tigris Tigris Average 80’s 22000 Low 80’s 7500 High 80’s 28000 Mosul Mosul Mosul 27000 9000 37000 12000Greater zab 5500 Greater zab 16000 Greater zab 7000 Lesser Zab 1500 Lesser Zab 11000 Lesser Zab Tartar Tartar Tartar 47000 16000 64000 5000 1000 11000 Samarra barrage Samarra barrage Samarra barrage 42000 15000 53000 Bagdad Bagdad Bagdad 3500 Diyala 2000 Diyala 5000 Diyala Kutt barrage Kutt barrage Kutt barrage 40000 16000 53000 Amarah Karkheh Karkheh Betarra Betarra Betarra Al Al Al Al Al All numbers above are average annual flow volume in mcm Nature Iraq report: 5000, 4000, 2500 mcm to reflood 75, 50 and 25% with evaporative demand of 3000, 2000, 1500 mcm and with constant outflow of 2000 mcm Annual Water budgets in 90’s until Kutt Barrage Tigris Tigris Tigris Average 90’s 15000 Low 90’s 2500 High 90’s 23000 Mosul Mosul Mosul 19000 6000 29000 8000 Greater zab 3400 Greater zab 6000 Greater zab 4000 Lesser Zab 800 Lesser Zab 5000 Lesser Zab Tartar Tartar Tartar 31000 9000 40000 9000 1000 14000 Samarra barrage Samarra barrage Samarra barrage 22000 8000 26000 Bagdad Bagdad Bagdad 2800 Diyala 1000 Diyala 1800 Diyala Kutt barrage Kutt barrage Kutt barrage 18000 7000 22000 Amarah Karkheh Karkheh Betarra Betarra Betarra Al Al Al Al Al All numbers above are average annual flow volume in mcm Nature Iraq report: 5000, 4000, 2500 mcm to reflood 75, 50 and 25% with evaporative demand of 3000, 2000, 1500 mcm and with constant outflow of 2000 mcm Annual Water budgets in 2000’s Kutt Barrage Tigris Tigris Tigris Average 2000’s 8000 Low 2000’s 6000 High 2000’s 13000 Mosul Mosul Mosul 9000 5500 16000 4000 Greater zab 3000 Greater zab 6500 Greater zab 1000 Lesser Zab 350 Lesser Zab 2000 Lesser Zab Tartar Tartar Tartar 14000 9000 24000 4000 2000 8000 Samarra barrage Samarra barrage Samarra barrage 10000 7000 16000 Bagdad Bagdad Bagdad 1200 Diyala 600 Diyala 2000 Diyala Kutt barrage Kutt barrage Kutt barrage 8000 5000 13000 Amarah Karkheh Karkheh Betarra Betarra Betarra Al Al Al Al Al Nature Iraq report: 5000, 4000, 2500 mcm to reflood 75, 50 and 25% with All numbers above are average annual flow volume in mcm evaporative demand of 3000, 2000, 1500 mcm and with constant outflow of 2000 mcm AnnualTigris Water budgetsTigris below KuttTigris Barrage Percentage based on channel capacities Kutt barrage Kutt barrage Kutt barrage 40000 16000 53000 High 80’s Average 80’s Low 80’s 60% 24000 9600 31800 Amarah 25% Amarah Amarah 10000 5000 Karkheh 4000 4300 Karkheh 13250 6000 Karkheh Betarra Betarra Betarra Al Al Al Al Al 15% 6000 2400 7950 Kutt
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mosul Dam Break Inundation Modelling
    Mosul Dam Break Inundation Modelling An example of Scientific Support to DG-ECHO and UN A Annunziato, I. Andredakis, P. Probst Joint Research Centre European Commission 2nd Scientific Seminar of the Disaster Risk Management Knowledge Centre Rome 9-10 March 2017 - Italian Civil Protection Table of content • Background • Analysis objectives • Initial and boundary Conditions • Results of the dam break cases • Early Warning Systems • Future activities • Response to our analyses • Conclusions Mosul Dam, Irak 44 km 11 km3 of water 2 km dam width 110 m dam height Historical persepctives • The dam was constructed between 1981 and 1986 • It dams the river Tigris, forming an artificial lake that holds 11.1 km3 of water • It is located 40km NW of the city of Mosul and its primary function is to supply electricity to the city’s 1.7 million inhabitants and to support irrigation needs. • It is the largest dam in Iraq, measuring 2 km in length and 113 m in height. It is an earth-fill embankment-type dam with a clay core. The problems of the dam • Since the dam is built on a foundation of gypsum, anhydrite and limestone, water can seep under the dam and compromise its stability, posing the risk of catastrophic failure. • To avoid this, continuous maintenance has taken place since the dam’s opening, in the form of grouting: new leaks are plugged by injecting a cement mixture into the compromised spots. • The grouting stopped in 2014 with the arrival of ISIS. Even if the dam was back in the control of Peshmerga (North Kurdistan) late 2014, the machines for grouting were severely damaged.
    [Show full text]
  • Mosul Dam Emergen Preparedness Progr Mosul
    MOSUL DAM EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PROGRAMME QUARTERLY REPORT (JAN-MAR 2020) Saving Lives, Alleviate Human Suffering, and Reducing the Social and Economic Impact of Disasters Contents ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................................. 3 THE MDEPP IN BRIEF ........................................................................................................................... 4 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 5 SITUATION ANALYSIS .......................................................................................................................... 5 PROGRESS ACHIEVED .......................................................................................................................... 6 1. RAPID DEPLOYMENT OF PREPAREDNESS TRAINING AND PROVISION OF TOOLS TO OPERATIONALIZE THE GOVERNORATE PREPAREDNESS PLANS ............................................................................................................ 6 2. RISKS ADVOCACY AT THE VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES EXPANDED AND STRENGTHENED ALONG THE MOSUL DAM FLOOD PATH ............................................................................................................................................ 10 3. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND SAFETY MEASURES OF MAJOR DAMS STRENGTHENED. ................................ 13 4. PROTECTION OF MAJOR FACILITIES ALONG THE TIGRIS FLOOD PLAIN
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrological Impact of Ilisu Dam on Mosul Dam; the River Tigris
    geosciences Article Hydrological Impact of Ilisu Dam on Mosul Dam; the River Tigris Abdul-Sahib T. Al-Madhhachi 1 , Khayyun A. Rahi 2,* and Wafa K. Leabi 3 1 Department of Water Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10047, Iraq; [email protected] 2 Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10047, Iraq 3 Department of Highway and Transportation Engineering, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10047, Iraq; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 15 February 2020; Accepted: 25 March 2020; Published: 27 March 2020 Abstract: The Ilisu Dam is part of the Turkish Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) and is the largest dam on the Tigris River in Turkey. It is located on the main river course 65 km upstream of the Syrian and Iraqi border. The Ilisu Dam watershed is the same as that of the Mosul Dam in Iraq. Sharing the same watershed with the Mosul Dam and located upstream, the Ilisu Dam will usurp most of the watershed and deprive the Mosul Dam of most of its current inflow. This paper presents an assessment of the hydrological impact (basically predicts changes on future inflow) of the Ilisu Dam on the Mosul Dam. The assessment is based on the worst-case scenario. The analyses that are employed include geographic information system (GIS) techniques and regression models, along with statistical analyses to numerate expected future impacts on the Mosul Dam’s inflow distribution. Results reveal that the Ilisu will have a drastic impact on the inflow regime of the Mosul Dam.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mosul Dam: Turning a Potential
    Viewpoints No. 98 The Mosul Dam: Turning a Potential Disaster into a Win-Win Solution Azzam Alwash Founder and CEO, Nature Iraq April 2016 Water management issues in the Middle East will continue to be a source of tension in a region that suffers no lack of causes for conflicts. The current problems posed by the Mosul Dam may be an opportunity to show how a collaborative region-wide solution can become a first step on the road to new ways of imaginative thinking in the region. Middle East Program ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Iraq has seen its share of calamities in recent years, but none is as dangerous as the impending failure of the Mosul Dam. The dam, if it were to be breached, will result in a tsunami-like wave that would sweep through cities and hamlets along the Tigris River from Mosul to as far south as Amarah and even Basra. Baghdad would be submerged under five meters of water within four days of the breach of the dam. Not only do experts estimate the possible fatalities to range from 500,000 to over one million, but consider the logistics of trying to provide electricity, drinking water, food, hospitals, transportation, and diesel for millions of people. The reaction to this potential calamity ranges from the U.S. government’s caution, which has issued warnings to its expats to stay at least six kilometers away from the Tigris (noting that the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad is situated on the shores of the Tigris in the Green Zone), to the Iraqi government’s nonchalance, which has only calm pronouncements to offer that there is nothing wrong with the dam and that grouting operations designed to strengthen it are proceeding on schedule.
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of the Mosul Dam on the Bed Sediments and Morphology of the River Tigris
    Human Impact on Erosion and Sedimentation (Proceedings of Rabat Symposium S6, April 1997). 9Q1 IAHS PubL no. 245, 1997 The influence of the Mosul dam on the bed sediments and morphology of the River Tigris NADHIR A. AL-ANSARI Strategic Environment and Water Resources Research Unit, Al-al Bayt University, Mafraq, PO Box 130040, Jordan OMAR RIMAWI Department of Geology, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan Abstract The Mosul dam and its flow regulating scheme have been constructed 60 km north of Mosul city. A minimum discharge of 330 m3 s 1 is usually released from the dam. The reach of the River Tigris below the dam (about 8.3 km long) investigated in this study serves as a small reservoir for the regulating scheme. The effects of high velocity discharges from the bottom outlet and spillway structures on channel morphology were monitored for two periods using fixed cross-sections. The characteristics of the bed sediments were studied using 32 samples. The results showed that large amounts of sediment (average 0.5 m) were eroded from the bed of the river during a 10 month period. The bed sediments were characterized by a sand:silt:clay ratio of 42.4:50.2:7.4 respectively and it is believed that lining of the bed of the river downstream of the bottom outlet and spillway would reduce the scour downstream. INTRODUCTION Serious problems arise when river beds are subjected to high velocity water jets downstream of dams. Extremely high rates of scour and erosion can occur below such jets and under certain conditions these could cause structural failure.
    [Show full text]
  • Profile: Tigris/Euphrates River Basins
    va®aea wi air- tf< ti +f' 1> t } r Profile: Tigris/Euphrates River Basins it III 4 M .1 I J CEWRC-IWR-P 29 May 91 Tigris-Euphrates Basin Summary *Projects in Turkey, Syria, and Iraq are expected to greatly reduce both Euphrates and Tigris stream flows and reduce water quality *Already Syria claims Tabqa Damhydropowerplants are operating at only 10%capacitybecause ofAtaturk filling *Estimates of depletion vary; one estimate is for approx. 50 % depletion of Euphrates flowsby Turkey and almost a 30 % depletionby Syria(given completionofTurkey's Gap project and projected Syrian withdrawals); the most likely date for completion of all projects (if at all) is 2040; in the 1960s, Iraq withdrew an average of about 50 % of Euphrates flows *One estimate of projected Euphrates depletions for the year 2000 is 20 % each by Turkey and Syria *Syria and Iraq may be especially affected by reduced flow during low flow years *Of more immediate concern than possible long-term reduction in flow quantity is increased pollution of inflows to Lake Assad on the Euphrates (main water supply source for Aleppo) and to the Khabur River (both in Syria) owing to irrigation return flows; both areas plan for greater use of those waters *Quality of Euphrates flows into Iraq will also beaffected *Iraq has constructed Tigris-Euphrates Outfall Drain to drain irrigation water into Shatt al-Basra and Gulf *Most water withdrawals within the basin are forirrigation;Turkey,Syria,and Iraq all are attempting to expand irrigation programs *Recent projected demands for water withdrawals for Iraq were not available for this study.
    [Show full text]
  • Euphrates-Tigris
    0 [Type here] Irrigation in Africa in figures - AQUASTAT Survey - 2016 Transboundary River Basin Overview – Euphrates-Tigris Version 2009 Recommended citation: FAO. 2009. AQUASTAT Transboundary River Basins – Euphrates-Tigris River Basin. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Rome, Italy The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licencerequest or addressed to [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • DATA COLLECTION SURVEY on WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT and AGRICULTURE IRRIGATION in the REPUBLIC of IRAQ FINAL REPORT April 2016 the REPUBLIC of IRAQ
    DATA COLLECTION SURVEY ON WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND AGRICULTURE IRRIGATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF IRAQ FINAL REPORT April 2016 REPORT IRAQ FINAL THE REPUBLIC OF IN IRRIGATION AGRICULTURE AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT WATER ON COLLECTION SURVEY DATA THE REPUBLIC OF IRAQ DATA COLLECTION SURVEY ON WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND AGRICULTURE IRRIGATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF IRAQ FINAL REPORT April 2016 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) NTC International Co., Ltd. 7R JR 16-008 英文 118331.402802.28.4.14 作業；藤川 Directorate Map Dohuk N Albil Nineveh Kiekuk As-Sulaymaniyyah Salah ad-Din Tigris river Euphrates river Bagdad Diyala Al-Anbar Babil Wasit Karbala Misan Al-Qadisiyan Al-Najaf Dhi Qar Al-Basrah Al-Muthanna Legend Irrigation Area International boundary Governorate boundary River Location Map of Irrigation Areas ( ii ) Photographs Kick-off meeting with MoWR officials at the conference Explanation to D.G. Directorate of Legal and Contracts of room of MoWR MoWR on the project formulation (Conference room at Both parties exchange observations of Inception report. MoWR) Kick-off meeting with MoA officials at the office of MoA Meeting with MoP at office of D.G. Planning Both parties exchange observations of Inception report. Both parties discussed about project formulation Courtesy call to the Minister of MoA Meeting with representatives of WUA assisted by the JICA JICA side explained the progress of the irrigation sector loan technical cooperation project Phase 1. and further project formulation process. (Conference room of MoWR) ( iii ) Office of AL-Zaidiya WUA AL-Zaidiya WUA office Site field work to investigate WUA activities during the JICA team conducted hearing investigation on water second field survey (Dhi-Qar District） management, farming practice of WUA (Dhi-Qar District) Piet Ghzayel WUA Piet Ghzayel WUA Photo shows the eastern portion of the farmland.
    [Show full text]
  • Mystery of Mosul Dam the Most Dangerous Dam in the World: the Project
    Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 5, no.3, 2015, 15-31 ISSN: 1792-9040 (print), 1792-9660 (online) Scienpress Ltd, 2015 Mystery of Mosul Dam the most Dangerous Dam in the World: The project Nadhir Al-Ansari1, Issa E. Issa2, Varoujan Sissakian3, Nasrat Adamo4, Sven Knutsson5 Abstract Mosul Dam is an earthfill multipurpose dam. It is located on the River Tigris in northwestern Iraq. The dam is 3.65 km long and its crest elevation is at 341 m above sea level. The storage capacity at normal operation level (330 m above sea level) is 11.11km3. The work to build the dam started on 25thJanuary, 1981 and finished on 24thJuly, 1986. The total cost of the development was estimated at 2.6 billion US$. The foundation of the dam lies on the Fatha Formation. This formation is composed of alternating beds of marls, limestone, gypsum and claystone. It is highly karstified, which has which created a lot of problems during the construction, impounding and operation phases. Keywords: Mosul Dam, Karstification, Gypsum, Iraq, Geology of Mosul Dam. 1 Introduction The rivers Tigris and Euphrates form the main water resources of Iraq. Most of the water from these rivers comes from Turkey (71%) followed by Iran (6.9%) and Syria (4%). The remainder, only 8%, is from internal sources [1,2,3]. The average annual flow of the rivers Euphrates and Tigris is estimated to be about 30 km3 (which might fluctuate from 10 to 40 km3) for the former and 21.2 km3 for the latter when they enter Iraq.
    [Show full text]
  • The Reconstruction of the Mosul
    22-Feb-2010 By Peter Stein CEO Stein Brothers AB Presented at meeting of the Working Group on Infrastructure Finance in Iraq Organised by MENA-OECD Investment Programme In association with the Jordan Executive Privatisation Commission Amman, Jordan February 17-18 2010 1 Broad content of presentation 1. Basic facts about the Mosul dam 2. A few background facts on the economy of Iraq 3. Financing reconstruction by using a PPP-model 4. Financing reconstruction through a loan from a development bank 2 1 22-Feb-2010 3 Aerial view of the Mosul dam 4 2 22-Feb-2010 Basic data about Mosul dam Constructed in 1984 45 miles upstream of Mosul on the River Tigris Built on Water soluble gypsum Middle East’s fourth largets dam and Iraq’s largest Key component in Iraq’s national power grid 4 200 megawatt turbines generating 320 MW of electricity a day 5 What a reconstruction aims to achieve Warnings have been issued that the dam risks internal erosion Currently efforts are being made to pump grouting into the dam’s foundation and reduce water in the reservoir A need for total reconstruction cannot be ruled out 6 3 22-Feb-2010 7 Iraq’s economy 1979, before Saddam Hussein assumed power State-owned company accounted for 80 % of production Banks, insurance companies and the energy sector were nationalized Agriculture and retail were public sector monopolies The state controlled 90% of foreign trade Incoming private FDI-flows were in principle prohibited 8 4 22-Feb-2010 On the oil sector Iraq estimated to have the worlds’ third largest oil
    [Show full text]
  • ATINER's Conference Paper Series WAT2018-2546
    ATINER CONFERENCE PAPER SERIES No: LNG2014-1176 Athens Institute for Education and Research ATINER ATINER's Conference Paper Series WAT2018-2546 Geological and Geotechnical Study of Badush Dam, Iraq Varoujan Sissakian Lecturer University of Kurdistan Iraq Nasrat Adamo Consultant Lulea University of Technology Sweden Nadhir Al-Ansari Professor Lulea University of Technology Sweden Sven Knutsson Professor Lulea University of Technology Sweden Jan Laue Professor Lulea University of Technology Sweden 1 ATINER CONFERENCE PAPER SERIES No: WAT2018-2546 An Introduction to ATINER's Conference Paper Series Conference papers are research/policy papers written and presented by academics at one of ATINER’s academic events. ATINER’s association started to publish this conference paper series in 2012. All published conference papers go through an initial peer review aiming at disseminating and improving the ideas expressed in each work. Authors welcome comments. Dr. Gregory T. Papanikos President Athens Institute for Education and Research This paper should be cited as follows: Sissakian, V., Adamo, N., Al-Ansari, N., Knutsson, S. and Laue, S. (2018). "Geological and Geotechnical Study of Badush Dam, Iraq", Athens: ATINER'S Conference Paper Series, No: WAT2018-2546. Athens Institute for Education and Research 8 Valaoritou Street, Kolonaki, 10671 Athens, Greece Tel: + 30 210 3634210 Fax: + 30 210 3634209 Email: [email protected] URL: www.atiner.gr URL Conference Papers Series: www.atiner.gr/papers.htm Printed in Athens, Greece by the Athens Institute for Education and Research. All rights reserved. Reproduction is allowed for non-commercial purposes if the source is fully acknowledged. ISSN: 2241-2891 27/09/2018 2 ATINER CONFERENCE PAPER SERIES No: WAT2018-2546 Geological and Geotechnical Study of Badush Dam, Iraq Varoujan Sissakian Nasrat Adamo Nadhir Al-Ansari Sven Knutsson Jan Laue Abstract Badush Dam is a combined earthfill and concrete buttress dam; uncompleted, it is planned to be a protection dam downstream of Mosul Dam, which impounds the Tigris River.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Flood by a Possible Failure of the Mosul Dam
    Impact of flood by a possible failure of the Mosul dam Hydrodynamic Simulations Alessandro Annunziato, Ioannis Andredakis, Pamela Probst Report EUR 27923 EN European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute the Protection and Security of the Citizen Contact information Alessandro Annunziato Address: European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, TP 680, 21027 Ispra VA, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +39 0332 78 9519 JRC Science Hub https://ec.europa.eu/jrc This publication is a Technical report by the Joint Research Centre, the European Commission’s science and knowledge service. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policy-making process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication. JRC Science Hub https://ec.europa.eu/jrc JRC101555 EUR 27923 EN ISSN 1831-9424 ISBN 978-92-79-58395-7 doi:10.2788/689469 © European Union, 2016 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. All images © European Union 2016 How to cite: A. Annunziato, I. Andredakis, P. Probst; Impact of flood by a possible failure of the Mosul dam; EUR 27923 EN; doi:10.2788/689469 Impact of flood by a possible failure of the Mosul Dam Table of contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................... 4 1. Introduction ................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Basic dam information ................................................................................ 5 1.2 Dam instability .......................................................................................... 5 2 Hydraulic calculations varying the break size ....................................................... 7 2.1 Affected population .................................................................................
    [Show full text]