Species and Subspecies of San Diego County Birds

This list includes all birds occurring in San Diego County naturally plus well-established nonnative species. Birds covered in the San Diego County Bird Atlas under Exotic and Hypothetical Species, such as the Black-throated Magpie Jay (Calocitta colliei), are excluded. The total is 498 species, plus 89 additional subspecies, for a total of 587 taxa of birds known from San Diego County. At the level of species the classification and nomenclature are those of the American Ornithologists’ Union checklist committee (http://www.aou.org/checklist/index.php3). At the level of subspecies the classification reflects my current understanding, based on the principle that a subspecies constitutes a subset of a species with a breeding range and physical features (color, pattern, size, proportions) different from those of other subsets of the species. Subspecies enclosed in brackets are inferred, not based on identification of specimens or characteristics discernable in the field. English names of subspecies are not standardized and drawn from various sources.

Breeding status: B, breeding confirmed; B†, breeding confirmed only before 1997 (sporadically breeding or extirpated species); P, breeding probable or possible; I, introduced (not native).

Regulatory status (as of January 2008): E, endangered; T, threatened; SC, species of special concern; 1, first priority; 2, second priority; 3, third priority; US, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; CA, California Department of Fish and Game. Some species are designated as of special concern only in limited roles; in those cases, if the species does not occur in that role in San Diego County, the status is not entered in this table. For example, the American White Pelican is considered a species of special concern in the role of breeding, but the American White Pelican is not known ever to have bred in San Diego County, even though it occurs regularly as a nonbreeding visitor, so there is no entry for regulatory status for it.

Documentation: SDNHM, specimen persevered in San Diego Natural History Museum. If a specimen has been preserved only in another museum, that museum is cited. CSULB, California State University, Long Beach; DEL, Delaware Museum of Natural History, Greenville; FMNH, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago; LACM, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles; MVZ, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Los Angeles; SBCM, San Bernardino County Museum, Redlands; UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles; UMMZ, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor; USNM, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.; WFVZ, Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology, Camarillo; ph., photograph; sr, sight record only.

Five species and two subspecies have been added to the list since the publication of the San Diego County Bird Atlas:

Siberian or Japanese American Pipit (Anthus rubescens japonicus): The identification of a vagrant of this Asian subspecies in the Tijuana River valley 11–13 October 2003 (Guy McCaskie, North American Birds 58:145, 2004) was supported by photographs taken by Larry Sansone on 13 October.

Crested Caracara (Caracara cheriway): One found along Dairy Mart Rd. in the Tijuana River valley 9 September 2006 remained in the general area through at least 25 December 2007, being seen sporadically east to San Ysidro and west to the Tijuana River mouth. The identification is supported by many excellent photographed and one wing feather picked up 17 September 2006 (SDNHM 51546). Also, given the proliferation of sightings of the Crested Caracara elsewhere in California, the California Bird Records Committee reversed its previous decision questioning the source of the individual photographed at the Chula Vista Nature Reserve on 9 February 1995 (Barbara C. Moore, Ross Christie) and now considers it a natural vagrant.

Broad-tailed Hummingbird (Selasphorus platycercus): One adult male came to a feeder along Kay Dee Lane, Ramona, 1.7 miles east of Mt. Woodson (atlas square L13), 10–18 September 2006 (Gretchen Cummings, photographed).

Eastern Orange-crowned Warbler (Vermivora celata celata): Suspected previously on the basis of sight identifications but is now confirmed by specimens picked up on Keck Ct. in Rancho Peñasquitos, San Diego (atlas square N10), 26 April 2007 (SDNHM 51728) and on University Ave. in San Diego 25 November 2007 (SDNHM 51858)

Newell’s Shearwater (Puffinus auricularis newelli): One found at night on sea bluffs at Del Mar 1 August 2007 by Charles Swanson was the first of its species ever found in California or on the North American continent; see http://www.sdnhm.org/research/birds/shearwater.html.

Bridled Tern (Onychoprion anaethetus): One associated with other terns nesting at the Santa Margarita River mouth, Camp Pendleton, 14–23 August 2007 (Carol McKie Manning, Brian D. Foster, photographed). It was only the second Bridled Tern identified in California.

Cory’s Shearwater (Calonectris diomedea): One seen offshore at the north end of the Nine-Mile Bank on 4 September 2007 by David W. Povey was presumably the same individual of this Atlantic Ocean species seen regularly on Los Coronados Islands since summer 2005.

Changes from appendix 1 in the San Diego County Bird Atlas are noted with boldface type. Breeding statusRegulatory status Documentation Family Anatidae Fulvous Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna bicolor B† SC1 (CA) SDNHM Greater White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons frontalis SDNHM Snow Goose Chen caerulescens caerulescens SDNHM Ross’s Goose Chen rossii SDNHM Brant Branta bernicla Black Brant B. b. nigricans SC2 (CA) SDNHM Atlantic Brant B. b. hrota sr Canada Goose Branta canadensis moffitti B SDNHM Cackling Goose Branta hutchinsii Cackling Goose B. h. minima SDNHM Aleutian Cackling Goose B. h. leucopareia ph. Tundra Swan Cygnus columbianus columbianus SDNHM Wood Duck Aix sponsa B SDNHM Gadwall Anas strepera strepera B SDNHM Eurasian Wigeon Anas penelope ph. American Wigeon Anas americana SDNHM Mallard Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos B SDNHM Blue-winged Teal Anas discors FMNH, LACM Cinnamon Teal Anas cyanoptera septentrionalium B SDNHM Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata B† SDNHM Northern Pintail Anas acuta P, B† SDNHM Green-winged Teal Anas crecca American Green-winged Teal A. c. carolinensis B† SDNHM Eurasian Green-winged Teal A. c. crecca ph. Canvasback Aythya valisineria SDNHM Redhead Aythya americana B SC3 (CA) SDNHM Ring-necked Duck Aythya collaris SDNHM Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula ph.* Greater Scaup Aythya marila nearctica SDNHM Lesser Scaup Aythya affinis SDNHM King Eider Somateria spectabilis ph.* Harlequin Duck Histrionicus histrionicus ph.* Surf Scoter Melanitta perspicillata SDNHM White-winged Scoter Melanitta fusca deglandi SDNHM Black Scoter Melanitta nigra americana ph. Long-tailed Duck Clangula hyemalis SDNHM Bufflehead Bucephala albeola SDNHM Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula americana SDNHM Barrow’s Goldeneye Bucephala islandica ph. Hooded Merganser Lophodytes cucullatus SDNHM Common Merganser Mergus merganser americanus SDNHM Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator SDNHM Ruddy Duck Oxyura jamaicensis rubida B SDNHM Family Phasianidae Ring-necked Pheasant Phasianus colchicus IP SDNHM Wild Turkey Meleagris gallopavo IB SDNHM Family Odontophoridae Mountain Quail Oreortyx pictus confinis B SDNHM California Quail Callipepla californica californica B SDNHM Gambel’s Quail Callipepla gambelii gambelii B SDNHM Family Gaviidae Red-throated Loon Gavia stellata SDNHM Pacific Loon Gavia pacifica SDNHM Common Loon Gavia immer SDNHM Family Podicipedidae Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps podiceps B SDNHM Horned Grebe Podiceps auritus SDNHM Red-necked Grebe Podiceps grisegena [holboellii] ph. Eared Grebe Podiceps nigricollis californicus B SDNHM Western Grebe Aechmophorus occidentalis occidentalis B SDNHM Clark’s Grebe Aechmophorus clarkii transitionalis B SDNHM Family Diomedeidae Laysan Albatross Phoebastria immutabilis SDNHM Black-footed Albatross Phoebastria nigripes SDNHM Short-tailed Albatross Phoebastria albatrus E (US), SC (CA) SDNHM Family Procellariidae Northern Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis rodgersii SDNHM Cook’s Petrel Pterodroma cookii sr Cory's Shearwater Calonectris diomedea sr Pink-footed Shearwater Puffinus creatopus SDNHM Flesh-footed Shearwater Puffinus carneipes SBCM Buller’s Shearwater Puffinus bulleri SDNHM Sooty Shearwater Puffinus griseus SDNHM Short-tailed Shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris SDNHM Manx Shearwater Puffinus puffinus sr Newell's Shearwater Puffinus auricularis newellii ph. Black-vented Shearwater Puffinus opisthomelas SDNHM Family Oceanitidae or Hydrobatidae Wilson’s Storm-Petrel Oceanites oceanicus ssp.? UCLA Fork-tailed Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma furcata plumbea SDNHM Leach’s Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa leucorhoa <> chapmani SDNHM Ashy Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma homochroa SDNHM Black Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma melania SDNHM Least Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma microsoma SDNHM Family Phaethontidae Red-billed Tropicbird Phaethon aethereus mesonauta SDNHM Family Sulidae Masked Booby Sula dactylatra ssp. ph.* Blue-footed Booby Sula nebouxii nebouxii SDNHM Brown Booby Sula leucogaster brewsteri SDNHM Red-footed Booby Sula sula ssp. SDNHM Family Pelecanidae American White Pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos SDNHM Brown Pelican Pelecanus occidentalis californicus E (US, CA) SDNHM Family Phalacrocoracidae Brandt’s Cormorant Phalacrocorax penicillatus B SDNHM Double-crested Cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus albociliatus B SDNHM Pelagic Cormorant Phalacrocorax pelagicus resplendens SDNHM Family Anhingidae Anhinga Anhinga anhinga [leucogaster] ph. Family Fregatidae Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens SDNHM Family Ardeidae American Bittern Botaurus lentiginosus B SDNHM Least Bittern Ixobrychus exilis exilis B SC2 (CA) SDNHM Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias wardi B SDNHM Great Egret Ardea alba egretta B SDNHM Snowy Egret Egretta thula candidissima B SDNHM Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea B SDNHM Tricolored Heron Egretta tricolor ruficollis SDNHM Reddish Egret Egretta rufescens [dickeyi] SDNHM Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis ibis B SDNHM Green Heron Butorides virescens anthonyi B SDNHM Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax hoactli B SDNHM Yellow-crowned Night-Heron Nyctanassa violacea bancrofti B SDNHM Family Plataleidae or Threskiornithidae White Ibis Eudocimus albus SDNHM White-faced Ibis Plegadis chihi B SDNHM Roseate Spoonbill Platalea ajaja ph. Family Ciconiidae Wood Stork Mycteria americana SC1 (CA) SDNHM Family Vulturidae or Cathartidae Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura meridionalis B SDNHM California Condor Gymnogyps californianus B† E (US, CA) SDNHM Family Accipitridae Osprey Pandion haliaetus carolinensis B SDNHM White-tailed Kite Elanus leucurus majusculus B SDNHM Mississippi Kite Ictinia mississippiensis ph. Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus alascanus E (CA) Northern Bald Eagle H. l. alascanus MVZ Southern Bald Eagle H. l. leucocephalus B† WFVZ (eggs) Northern Harrier Circus cyaneus hudsonius B SC3 (CA) SDNHM Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus velox SDNHM Cooper’s Hawk Accipiter cooperii B SDNHM Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis atricapillus B† SC3 (CA) SDNHM Harris’s Hawk Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi B SDNHM Red-shouldered Hawk Buteo lineatus elegans B SDNHM Broad-winged Hawk Buteo platypterus platypterus SDNHM Swainson’s Hawk Buteo swainsoni B† T (CA) SDNHM Zone-tailed Hawk Buteo albonotatus SDNHM Red-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis Western Red-tailed Hawk B. j. calurus B SDNHM Fuertes' Red-tailed Hawk B. j. fuertesi SDNHM Harlan's Hawk B. j. harlani sr Ferruginous Hawk Buteo regalis SDNHM Rough-legged Hawk Buteo lagopus [sanctijohannis] ph. Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos canadensis B SDNHM Family Falconidae Crested Caracara Caracara cheriway ph. American Kestrel Falco sparverius sparverius B SDNHM Merlin Falco columbarius Taiga Merlin F. c. columbarius SDNHM Richardson's or Prairie Merlin F. c. richardsoni SDNHM Black Merlin F. c. suckleyi SDNHM Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus American Peregrine Falcon F. p. anatum B E (CA) SDNHM Peale's Peregrine Falcon F. p. pealei SDNHM Prairie Falcon Falco mexicanus B SC3 (CA) SDNHM Family Rallidae Yellow Rail Coturnicops noveboracensis SC2 (CA) SDNHM Black Rail Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus B† T (CA) SDNHM Clapper Rail Rallus longirostris levipes B E (US, CA) SDNHM Virginia Rail Rallus limicola B SDNHM Sora Porzana carolina B† SDNHM Purple Gallinule Porphyrio martinica SDNHM Common Gallinule or Moorhen Gallinula chloropus cachinnans B SDNHM American Coot Fulica americana americana B SDNHM Family Gruidae Sandhill Crane Grus canadensis ssp.? sr Family Charadriidae Black-bellied Plover Pluvialis squatarola SDNHM American Golden-Plover Pluvialis dominica SDNHM Pacific Golden-Plover Pluvialis fulva ph. Snowy Plover Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus B T (US), SC (CA) SDNHM Wilson’s Plover Charadrius wilsonia beldingi MVZ Semipalmated Plover Charadrius semipalmatus SDNHM Killdeer Charadrius vociferus vociferus B SDNHM Mountain Plover Charadrius montanus SC2 (CA) SDNHM Family Haematopodidae American Oystercatcher Haematopus palliatus frazari MVZ Black Oystercatcher Haematopus bachmani P SDNHM Family Recurvirostridae Black-necked Stilt Himantopus mexicanus mexicanus B SDNHM American Avocet Recurvirostra americana B SDNHM Family Scolopacidae Greater Yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca SDNHM Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes SDNHM Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus ph. Solitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaria cinnamomea SDNHM Willet Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus SDNHM Wandering Tattler Heteroscelus incanus SDNHM Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularius B SDNHM Upland Sandpiper Bartramia longicauda ph.* Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus hudsonicus SDNHM Long-billed Curlew Numenius americanus SDNHM Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica ph.* Marbled Godwit Limosa fedoa fedoa SDNHM Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres interpres SDNHM Black Turnstone Arenaria melanocephala SDNHM Surfbird Aphriza virgata SDNHM Red Knot Calidris canutus roselaari SDNHM Sanderling Calidris alba SDNHM Semipalmated Sandpiper Calidris pusilla ph. Western Sandpiper Calidris mauri SDNHM Least Sandpiper Calidris minutilla SDNHM Baird’s Sandpiper Calidris bairdii FMNH Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos SDNHM Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris acuminata SDNHM Dunlin Calidris alpina pacifica SDNHM Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea ph. Stilt Sandpiper Calidris himantopus ph. Buff-breasted Sandpiper Tryngites subruficollis ph.* Ruff Philomachus pugnax SDNHM Short-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus griseus Pacific Short-billed Dowitcher L. g. caurinus SDNHM Inland or Prairie Short-billed Dowitcher L. g. hendersoni SDNHM Long-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus scolopaceus SDNHM Wilson’s Snipe Gallinago delicata SDNHM Wilson’s Phalarope Phalaropus tricolor SDNHM Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus SDNHM Red Phalarope Phalaropus fulicarius SDNHM Family Laridae South Polar Skua Stercorarius maccormicki CSULB Pomarine Jaeger Stercorarius pomarinus SDNHM Parasitic Jaeger Stercorarius parasiticus SDNHM Long-tailed Jaeger Stercorarius longicaudus SDNHM Laughing Gull Larus atricilla ph. Franklin’s Gull Larus pipixcan SDNHM Little Gull Larus minutus SDNHM Bonaparte’s Gull Larus philadelphia SDNHM Heermann’s Gull Larus heermanni SDNHM Belcher’s Gull Larus belcheri ph.* Black-tailed Gull Larus crassirostris UMMZ Mew Gull Larus canus brachyrhynchus SDNHM Ring-billed Gull Larus delawarensis SDNHM California Gull Larus californicus californicus California Gull L. c. californicus SDNHM Alberta Gull L. c. albertaensis SDNHM Herring Gull Larus argentatus smithsonianus SDNHM Thayer’s Gull Larus thayeri SDNHM Iceland Gull Larus glaucoides ssp.? ph. Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus graellsii ph.* Yellow-footed Gull Larus livens SDNHM Western Gull Larus occidentalis Southern Western Gull L. o. wymani B SDNHM Northern Western Gull L. o. occidentalis SDNHM Glaucous-winged Gull Larus glaucescens SDNHM Glaucous Gull Larus hyperboreus barrovianus SDNHM Sabine’s Gull Xema sabini SDNHM Black-legged Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla pollicaris SDNHM Sooty Tern Onychoprion fuscatus [crissalis] B SDNHM Bridled Tern Onychoprion anaethetus ph. Least Tern Sternula antillarum browni B E (US, CA) SDNHM Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica vanrossemi B SC3 (CA) SDNHM Caspian Tern Hydroprogne caspia B SDNHM Black Tern Chlidonias niger surinamensis SDNHM Common Tern Sterna hirundo hirundo SDNHM Arctic Tern Sterna paradisaea SDNHM Forster’s Tern Sterna forsteri B SDNHM Royal Tern Thalasseus maximus maximus B SDNHM Sandwich Tern Thalasseus sandvicensis [acuflavidus] ph. Elegant Tern Thalasseus elegans B SDNHM Black Skimmer Rynchops niger niger B SC3 (CA) SDNHM Family Alcidae Common Murre Uria aalge californica SDNHM Pigeon Guillemot Cepphus columba eureka SDNHM Marbled Murrelet Brachyramphus marmoratus E (CA), T (US) SDNHM Kittlitz’s Murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris SDNHM Xantus’s Murrelet Synthliboramphus hypoleucus Northern Xantus’s Murrelet S. h. scrippsi T (CA) SDNHM Guadalupe Xantus’s Murrelet S. h. hypoleucus SDNHM Craveri’s Murrelet Synthliboramphus craveri SDNHM Ancient Murrelet Synthliboramphus antiquus SDNHM Cassin’s Auklet Ptychoramphus aleuticus aleuticus SDNHM Parakeet Auklet Aethia psittacula USNM Rhinoceros Auklet Cerorhinca monocerata SDNHM Horned Puffin Fratercula corniculata SDNHM Tufted Puffin Fratercula cirrhata SDNHM Family Columbidae Rock Pigeon Columba livia IB SDNHM Band-tailed Pigeon Patagioenas fasciata monilis B SDNHM Eurasian Collared-Dove Streptopelia decaocto I ph. Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis IB† SDNHM White-winged Dove Zenaida asiatica mearnsi B SDNHM Mourning Dove Zenaida macroura marginella B SDNHM Inca Dove Columbina inca ph.* Common Ground-Dove Columbina passerina pallescens B SDNHM Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti [eluta] ph. Family Psittacidae Red-crowned Parrot Amazona viridigenalis IB ph. Family Cuculidae Yellow-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus americanus B† E (CA) SDNHM Greater Roadrunner Geococcyx californianus B SDNHM Family Tytonidae Barn Owl Tyto alba pratincola B SDNHM Family Strigidae Flammulated Owl Otus flammeolus P SDNHM Western Screech-Owl Megascops kennicottii bendirei B SDNHM Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus Pacific Horned Owl B. b. pacificus B SDNHM Pallid Horned Owl B. b. pallescens B SDNHM Burrowing Owl Athene cunicularia hypugaea B SC2 (CA) SDNHM Spotted Owl Strix occidentalis occidentalis B SC2 (CA) SDNHM Long-eared Owl Asio otus wilsonianus B SC3 (CA) SDNHM Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus flammeus B† SC3 (CA) SDNHM Northern Saw-whet Owl Aegolius acadicus acadicus B SDNHM Family Caprimulgidae Lesser Nighthawk Chordeiles acutipennis texensis B SDNHM Common Nighthawk Chordeiles minor ssp. sr Common Poorwill Phalaenoptilus nuttallii Dusky Poorwill P. n. californicus B SDNHM Nuttall's Poorwill P. n. nuttallii P SDNHM Whip-poor-will Caprimulgus vociferus vociferus ph. Family Apodidae Black Swift Cypseloides niger borealis MVZ Chimney Swift Chaetura pelagica SDNHM Vaux’s Swift Chaetura vauxi vauxi SDNHM White-throated Swift Aeronautes saxatalis saxatalis B SDNHM Family Trochilidae Broad-billed Hummingbird Cynanthus latirostris [magicus] ph. Xantus’s Hummingbird Hylocharis xantusii sr Violet-crowned Hummingbird Amazilia violiceps [ellioti] ph.* Magnificent Hummingbird Eugenes fulgens ph.* Black-chinned Hummingbird Archilochus alexandri B SDNHM Anna’s Hummingbird Calypte anna B SDNHM Costa’s Hummingbird Calypte costae B SDNHM Calliope Hummingbird Stellula calliope P SDNHM Broad-tailed Hummingbird Selasphorus platycercus ph. Rufous Hummingbird Selasphorus rufus SDNHM Allen’s Hummingbird Selasphorus sasin Migratory Allen’s Hummingbird S. s. sasin SDNHM Nonmigratory Allen’s Hummingbird S. s. sedentarius B SDNHM Family Alcedinidae Belted Kingfisher Ceryle alcyon B SDNHM Family Picidae Lewis’s Woodpecker Melanerpes lewis SDNHM Acorn Woodpecker Melanerpes formicivorus bairdi B SDNHM Gila Woodpecker Melanerpes uropygialis [uropygialis] E (CA) ph. Williamson’s Sapsucker Sphyrapicus thyroideus ph.* Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Sphyrapicus varius ph. Red-naped Sapsucker Sphyrapicus nuchalis SDNHM Red-breasted Sapsucker Sphyrapicus ruber Sierra Red-breasted Sapsucker S. r. daggetti B SDNHM Northwestern Red-breasted Sapsucker S. r. ruber SDNHM Ladder-backed Woodpecker Picoides scalaris cactophilus B SDNHM Nuttall's Woodpecker Picoides nuttallii B SDNHM Downy Woodpecker Picoides pubescens turati B SDNHM Hairy Woodpecker Picoides villosus Cabanis' Hairy Woodpecker P. v. hyloscopus B SDNHM Modoc Hairy Woodpecker P. v. orius SDNHM White-headed Woodpecker Picoides albolarvatus gravirostris B SDNHM Northern Flicker Colaptes auratus Monterey Red-shafted Flicker C. a. collaris B SDNHM Interior Red-shafted Flicker C. a. canescens SDNHM Northern Yellow-shafted Flicker C. a. luteus SDNHM Family Tyrannidae Olive-sided Flycatcher Contopus cooperi SC2 (CA) Greater Olive-sided Flycatcher C. c. majorinus B SDNHM Lesser Olive-sided Flycatcher C. c. cooperi SDNHM Greater Pewee Contopus pertinax [pallidiventris] ph. Western Wood-Pewee Contopus sordidulus Western Wood-Pewee C. s. veliei B SDNHM Alaska Wood-Pewee C. s. saturatus SDNHM Yellow-bellied Flycatcher Empidonax flaviventris ph.* Willow Flycatcher Empidonax traillii Southwestern Willow Flycatcher E. t. extimus B E (US, CA) SDNHM Northwestern Willow Flycatcher E. t. brewsteri E (CA) SDNHM Least Flycatcher Empidonax minimus SDNHM Hammond's Flycatcher Empidonax hammondii SDNHM Gray Flycatcher Empidonax wrightii SDNHM Dusky Flycatcher Empidonax oberholseri B SDNHM Western or Pacific-slope Flycatcher Empidonax difficilis difficilis B SDNHM Black Phoebe Sayornis nigricans semiatra B SDNHM Eastern Phoebe Sayornis phoebe ph. Say's Phoebe Sayornis saya Rocky Mountain Say's Phoebe S. s. saya B SDNHM San José Say's Phoebe S. s. quiescens B SDNHM Vermilion Flycatcher Pyrocephalus rubinus flammeus B SC2 (CA) SDNHM Dusky-capped or Olivaceous Flycatcher Myiarchus tuberculifer [olivascens] ph. Ash-throated Flycatcher Myiarchus cinerascens B SDNHM Great Crested Flycatcher Myiarchus crinitus sr Brown-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus tyrannulus [magister] B ph. Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher Myiodynastes luteiventris ph. Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus satrapa SDNHM Cassin's Kingbird Tyrannus vociferans B SDNHM Thick-billed Kingbird Tyrannus crassirostris ph.* Western Kingbird Tyrannus verticalis B SDNHM Eastern Kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus SDNHM Scissor-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus forficatus SDNHM Family Laniidae Loggerhead Shrike Lanius ludovicianus SC2 (CA) Grinnell's Loggerhead Shrike L. l. grinnelli B SDNHM California Loggerhead Shrike L. l. gambeli B SDNHM White-rumped Loggerhead Shrike L. l. excubitorides SDNHM Family Vireonidae White-eyed Vireo Vireo griseus [noveboracensis] ph.* Bell’s Vireo Vireo bellii Least Bell’s Vireo V. b. pusillus B E (US, CA) SDNHM Arizona Bell’s Vireo V. b. arizonae T (CA) SDNHM Gray Vireo Vireo vicinior B SC2 (CA) SDNHM Yellow-throated Vireo Vireo flavifrons ph. Plumbeous Vireo Vireo plumbeus plumbeus SDNHM Cassin's Vireo Vireo cassinii cassinii B SDNHM Blue-headed Vireo Vireo solitarius solitarius sr Hutton’s Vireo Vireo huttoni Oberholser's Hutton’s Vireo V. h. oberholseri B SDNHM Parkes' Hutton’s Vireo V. h. parkesi SDNHM Warbling Vireo Vireo gilvus swainsonii B SDNHM Philadelphia Vireo Vireo philadelphicus SDNHM Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus olivaceus SDNHM Yellow-green Vireo Vireo flavoviridis hypoleucus SDNHM Family Corvidae Steller’s Jay Cyanocitta stelleri frontalis B SDNHM Western Scrub-Jay Aphelocoma californica obscura B SDNHM Pinyon Jay Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus SDNHM Clark’s Nutcracker Nucifraga columbiana SDNHM American Crow Corvus brachyrhynchos hesperis B SDNHM Common Raven Corvus corax clarionensis B SDNHM Family Alaudidae Horned Lark Eremophila alpestris California Horned Lark E. a. actia B SDNHM Island Horned Lark E. a. insularis SDNHM Yuma Horned Lark E. a. leucansiptila B SDNHM Mojave Horned Lark E. a. ammophila SDNHM Family Hirundinidae Purple Martin Progne subis subis B SC2 (CA) SDNHM Tree Swallow Tachycineta bicolor B SDNHM Violet-green Swallow Tachycineta thalassina thalassina B SDNHM Northern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx serripennis Pale Rough-winged Swallow S. s. psammochrous B SDNHM Dark Rough-winged Swallow S. s. serripennis SDNHM Bank Swallow Riparia riparia riparia B† T (CA) SDNHM Cliff Swallow Petrochelidon pyrrhonota tachina B SDNHM Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica erythrogaster B SDNHM Family Paridae Mountain Chickadee Poecile gambeli baileyae B SDNHM Oak Titmouse Baeolophus inornatus affabilis B SDNHM Family Remizidae Verdin Auriparus flaviceps acaciarum B SDNHM Family Aegithalidae Bushtit Psaltriparus minimus melanurus B SDNHM Family Sittidae Red-breasted Nuthatch Sitta canadensis B SDNHM White-breasted Nuthatch Sitta carolinensis aculeata B SDNHM Pygmy Nuthatch Sitta pygmaea White-naped Pygmy Nuthatch S. p. leuconucha B SDNHM Black-eared Pygmy Nuthatch S. p. melanotis SDNHM Family Certhiidae Brown Creeper Certhia americana zelotes B SDNHM Family Troglodytidae Cactus Wren Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus San Diego Cactus Wren C. b. sandiegensis B SC1 (CA) SDNHM Desert Cactus Wren C. b. anthonyi B SDNHM Rock Wren Salpinctes obsoletus obsoletus B SDNHM Canyon Wren Catherpes mexicanus conspersus B SDNHM Bewick’s Wren Thryomanes bewickii Sooty Bewick’s Wren T. b. charienturus B SDNHM San Joaquin Bewick’s Wren T. b. drymoecus SDNHM Vigors' Bewick’s Wren T. b. spilurus SDNHM House Wren Troglodytes aedon parkmanii B SDNHM Winter Wren Troglodytes troglodytes ssp. ph.* Marsh Wren Cistothorus palustris Mary Clark's Marsh Wren C. p. clarkae B SC2 (CA) SDNHM Palouse Marsh Wren C. p. pulverius SDNHM Western Marsh Wren C. p. plesius SDNHM Family Cinclidae American Dipper Cinclus mexicanus unicolor B WFVZ (eggs) Family Regulidae Golden-crowned Kinglet Regulus satrapa Northwestern Golden-crowned Kinglet R. s. olivaceus SDNHM Arizona Golden-crowned Kinglet R. s. [apache] B sr Ruby-crowned Kinglet Regulus calendula Western Ruby-crowned Kinglet R. c. calendula SDNHM Sitka Ruby-crowned Kinglet R. c. grinnelli SDNHM Family Sylviidae Blue-gray Gnatcatcher Polioptila caerulea obscura B SDNHM California Gnatcatcher Polioptila californica californica B T (US), SC (CA) SDNHM Black-tailed Gnatcatcher Polioptila melanura lucida B SDNHM Family Turdidae Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe [oenanthe] sr Western Bluebird Sialia mexicana occidentalis B SDNHM Mountain Bluebird Sialia currucoides SDNHM Townsend’s Solitaire Myadestes townsendi townsendi SDNHM Gray-cheeked Thrush Catharus minimus ph. Swainson’s Thrush Catharus ustulatus Northern Russet-backed Thrush C. u. ustulatus SDNHM California Russet-backed Thrush C. u. oedicus B SDNHM Hermit Thrush Catharus guttatus Alaska Hermit Thrush C. g. guttatus SDNHM Dwarf Hermit Thrush C. g. nanus SDNHM Vancouver Hermit Thrush C. g. vaccinius SDNHM Monterey Hermit Thrush C. g. slevini SDNHM Sierra Hermit Thrush C. g. [sequoiensis] B sr Wood Thrush Hylocichla mustelina SDNHM Rufous-backed Robin Turdus rufopalliatus [rufopalliatus] ph. American Robin Turdus migratorius propinquus B SDNHM Varied Thrush Ixoreus naevius Northern Varied Thrush I. n. meruloides SDNHM Coast Varied Thrush I. n. naevius SDNHM Family Timaliidae Wrentit Chamaea fasciata henshawi B SDNHM Family Mimidae Gray Catbird Dumetella carolinensis SDNHM Northern Mockingbird Mimus polyglottos polyglottos B SDNHM Sage Thrasher Oreoscoptes montanus SDNHM Brown Thrasher Toxostoma rufum [longicauda] ph. Bendire’s Thrasher Toxostoma bendirei B† SC3 (CA) SDNHM Curve-billed Thrasher Toxostoma curvirostre [palmeri] sr California Thrasher Toxostoma redivivum redivivum B SDNHM Crissal Thrasher Toxostoma crissale [coloradense] B SC3 (CA) sr Le Conte’s Thrasher Toxostoma lecontei lecontei B SDNHM Family Sturnidae European Starling Sturnus vulgaris vulgaris IB SDNHM Family Motacillidae Red-throated Pipit Anthus cervinus SDNHM American Pipit Anthus rubescens pacificus Western American Pipit A. r. pacificus SDNHM Siberian or Japanese American Pipit A. r. japonicus ph. Sprague’s Pipit Anthus spragueii SDNHM Family Bombycillidae Bohemian Waxwing Bombycilla garrulus sr Cedar Waxwing Bombycilla cedrorum SDNHM Family Ptilogonatidae Phainopepla Phainopepla nitens lepida B SDNHM Family Parulidae Blue-winged Warbler Vermivora pinus sr Golden-winged Warbler Vermivora chrysoptera ph. Tennessee Warbler Vermivora peregrina SDNHM Orange-crowned Warbler Vermivora celata Dusky Orange-crowned Warbler V. c. sordida B SDNHM Lutescent Orange-crowned Warbler V. c. lutescens B SDNHM Rocky Mountain Orange-crowned Warbler V. c. orestera SDNHM Eastern Orange-crowned Warbler V. c. celata SDNHM Nashville Warbler Vermivora ruficapilla ridgwayi SDNHM Virginia’s Warbler Vermivora virginiae SDNHM Lucy’s Warbler Vermivora luciae B SC3 (CA) SDNHM Northern Parula Parula americana ph. Yellow Warbler Dendroica petechia Western Yellow Warbler D. p. morcomi B SC2 (CA) SDNHM Alaska Yellow Warbler D. p. rubiginosa SDNHM Chestnut-sided Warbler Dendroica pensylvanica SDNHM Magnolia Warbler Dendroica magnolia SDNHM Cape May Warbler Dendroica tigrina SDNHM Black-throated Blue Warbler Dendroica caerulescens SDNHM Yellow-rumped Warbler Dendroica coronata Audubon's Warbler D. c. auduboni B SDNHM Alaska Myrtle Warbler D. c. hooveri SDNHM Black-throated Gray Warbler Dendroica nigrescens B SDNHM Black-throated Green Warbler Dendroica virens SDNHM Townsend’s Warbler Dendroica townsendi SDNHM Hermit Warbler Dendroica occidentalis SDNHM Blackburnian Warbler Dendroica fusca SDNHM Yellow-throated Warbler Dendroica dominica Sycamore Warbler D. d. albilora ph. Yellow-throated Warbler D. d. dominica ph. Grace’s Warbler Dendroica graciae graciae SDNHM Pine Warbler Dendroica pinus pinus SDNHM Prairie Warbler Dendroica discolor discolor SDNHM Palm Warbler Dendroica palmarum Western Palm Warbler D. p. palmarum SDNHM Yellow Palm Warbler D. p. hypochrysea SDNHM Bay-breasted Warbler Dendroica castanea SDNHM Blackpoll Warbler Dendroica striata SDNHM Cerulean Warbler Dendroica cerulea ph. Black-and-white Warbler Mniotilta varia SDNHM American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla SDNHM Prothonotary Warbler Protonotaria citrea SDNHM Worm-eating Warbler Helmitheros vermivorum SDNHM Ovenbird Seiurus aurocapilla aurocapilla SDNHM Northern Waterthrush Seiurus noveboracensis SDNHM Louisiana Waterthrush Seiurus motacilla ph.* Kentucky Warbler Oporornis formosus SDNHM Connecticut Warbler Oporornis agilis SDNHM Mourning Warbler Oporornis philadelphia SDNHM MacGillivray’s Warbler Oporornis tolmiei Pacific MacGillivray’s Warbler O. t. tolmiei SDNHM Mountain MacGillivray’s Warbler O. t. monticola LACM Common Yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas Western Yellowthroat G. t. occidentalis B SDNHM San Francisco Yellowthroat G. t. sinuosa SC3 (CA) SDNHM Hooded Warbler Wilsonia citrina ph. Wilson’s Warbler Wilsonia pusilla Golden Wilson’s Warbler W. p. chryseola B SDNHM Pileolated Wilson’s Warbler W. p. pileolata SDNHM Canada Warbler Wilsonia canadensis ph.* Red-faced Warbler Cardellina rubrifrons ph. Painted Redstart Myioborus pictus pictus B SDNHM Yellow-breasted Chat Icteria virens auricollis B SC3 (CA) SDNHM Family Thraupidae Hepatic Tanager Piranga flava hepatica SDNHM Summer Tanager Piranga rubra Cooper's Summer Tanager P. r. cooperi B SC1 (CA) ph. Eastern Summer Tanager P. r. rubra SDNHM Scarlet Tanager Piranga olivacea ph. Western Tanager Piranga ludoviciana B SDNHM Family Emberizidae Green-tailed Towhee Pipilo chlorurus B SDNHM Spotted Towhee Pipilo maculatus megalonyx B SDNHM California Towhee Pipilo crissalis senicula B SDNHM Cassin’s Sparrow Aimophila cassinii ph. Rufous-crowned Sparrow Aimophila ruficeps canescens B SDNHM American Tree Sparrow Spizella arborea [ochracea] ph.* Chipping Sparrow Spizella passerina arizonae B SDNHM Clay-colored Sparrow Spizella pallida SDNHM Brewer’s Sparrow Spizella breweri Brewer’s Sparrow S. b. breweri B SDNHM Timberline Sparrow S. b. taverneri DEL Black-chinned Sparrow Spizella atrogularis cana B SDNHM Vesper Sparrow Pooecetes gramineus Western Vesper Sparrow P. g. confinis SDNHM Oregon Vesper Sparrow P. g. affinis SC2 (CA) SDNHM Lark Sparrow Chondestes grammacus strigatus B SDNHM Black-throated Sparrow Amphispiza bilineata deserticola B SDNHM Sage Sparrow Amphispiza belli Bell's Sparrow A. b. belli B SDNHM Sage Sparrow A. b. nevadensis SDNHM Lark Bunting Calamospiza melanocorys SDNHM Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis Belding's Sparrow P. s. beldingi B E (CA) SDNHM Nevada Savannah Sparrow P. s. nevadensis SDNHM Western Savannah Sparrow P. s. anthinus SDNHM Dwarf Savannah Sparrow P. s. brooksi SDNHM Large-billed Sparrow P. s. rostratus SC2 (CA) SDNHM Grasshopper Sparrow Ammodramus savannarum perpallidus B SC2 (CA) SDNHM Baird’s Sparrow Ammodramus bairdii ph.* Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrow Ammodramus nelsoni nelsoni SDNHM Fox Sparrow Passerella iliaca Stephens' Fox Sparrow P. i. stephensi B SDNHM Thick-billed Fox Sparrow P. i. megarhynchus SDNHM Slate-colored Fox Sparrow P. i. schistacea SDNHM Washington Fox Sparrow P. i. olivacea SDNHM Shumagin Fox Sparrow P. i. unalaschcensis SDNHM Yakutat Fox Sparrow P. i. annectens SDNHM Townsend's Fox Sparrow P. i. townsendi SDNHM Alberta Fox Sparrow P. i. altivagans SDNHM Yukon Fox Sparrow P. i. zaboria SBCM Song Sparrow Melospiza melodia Heermann's Song Sparrow M. m. heermanni B SDNHM Merrill's Song Sparrow M. m. merrilli SDNHM Lincoln’s Sparrow Melospiza lincolnii Lincoln’s Sparrow M. l. lincolnii SDNHM Forbush's Sparrow M. l. gracilis SDNHM Swamp Sparrow Melospiza georgiana ericrypta SDNHM White-throated Sparrow Zonotrichia albicollis SDNHM Harris’s Sparrow Zonotrichia querula sr White-crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys Gambel's White-crowned Sparrow Z. l. gambelii SDNHM Puget Sound White-crowned Sparrow Z. l. pugetensis SDNHM Mountain White-crowned Sparrow Z. l. oriantha B† SDNHM Golden-crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia atricapilla SDNHM Dark-eyed Junco Junco hyemalis Sierra Oregon Junco J. h. thurberi B SDNHM Shufeldt's Oregon Junco J. h. simillimus SDNHM Montana Oregon Junco J. h. shufeldti SDNHM Pink-sided Junco J. h. mearnsi SDNHM Gray-headed Junco J. h. caniceps SDNHM Cassiar Slate-colored Junco J. h. cismontanus SDNHM Boreal Slate-colored Junco J. h. hyemalis SDNHM McCown’s Longspur Calcarius mccownii SDNHM Lapland Longspur Calcarius lapponicus alascensis SDNHM Chestnut-collared Longspur Calcarius ornatus SDNHM Little Bunting Emberiza pusilla ph. Family Cardinalidae Pyrrhuloxia Cardinalis sinuatus ssp. sr Rose-breasted Grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus SDNHM Black-headed Grosbeak Pheucticus melanocephalus maculatus B SDNHM Blue Grosbeak Passerina caerulea salicaria B SDNHM Lazuli Bunting Passerina amoena B SDNHM Indigo Bunting Passerina cyanea B SDNHM Painted Bunting Passerina ciris SDNHM Dickcissel Spiza americana SDNHM Family Icteridae Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus SDNHM Red-winged Blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus San Diego Red-winged Blackbird A. p. neutralis B SDNHM Nevada Red-winged Blackbird A. p. nevadensis SDNHM California Red-winged Blackbird A. p. californicus Tricolored Blackbird Agelaius tricolor B SC1 (CA) SDNHM Western Meadowlark Sturnella neglecta neglecta <> confluenta B SDNHM Yellow-headed Blackbird Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus B SC3 (CA) SDNHM Rusty Blackbird Euphagus carolinus SDNHM Brewer’s Blackbird Euphagus cyanocephalus Brewer’s Blackbird E. c. minusculus B SDNHM Brewer’s Blackbird E. c. cyanocephalus SDNHM Common Grackle Quiscalus quiscula versicolor ph. Great-tailed Grackle Quiscalus mexicanus ssp. B SDNHM Bronzed Cowbird Molothrus aeneus loyei B† SDNHM Brown-headed Cowbird Molothrus ater Dwarf Cowbird M. a. obscurus B SDNHM Nevada Cowbird M. a. artemisiae SDNHM Eastern Cowbird M. a. ater SDNHM Orchard Oriole Icterus spurius spurius SDNHM Hooded Oriole Icterus cucullatus nelsoni B SDNHM Streak-backed Oriole Icterus pustulatus microstictus SDNHM Bullock's Oriole Icterus bullockii B SDNHM Baltimore Oriole Icterus galbula SDNHM Scott’s Oriole Icterus parisorum B SDNHM Family Fringillidae Purple Finch Carpodacus purpureus californicus B SDNHM Cassin’s Finch Carpodacus cassinii SDNHM House Finch Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis B SDNHM Red Crossbill Loxia curvirostra Medium-large Red Crossbill L. c. pusilla B* SDNHM Mexican Giant Crossbill L. c. stricklandi SDNHM Pine Siskin Carduelis pinus pinus SDNHM Lesser Goldfinch Carduelis psaltria hesperophilus B SDNHM Lawrence’s Goldfinch Carduelis lawrencei B SDNHM American Goldfinch Carduelis tristis salicamans B SDNHM Evening Grosbeak Coccothraustes vespertinus [brooksi] sr Family Passeridae House Sparrow Passer domesticus domesticus IB SDNHM