Bird Communities of Gambel Oak: a Descriptive Analysis
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Clonality and Dynamics of Leaf Abscission of Gambel Oaks at Small Spatial Scales in Utah
For. Sci. 61(●):000–000 FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH http://dx.doi.org/10.5849/forsci.14-204 Copyright © 2015 Society of American Foresters forest ecology Clonality and Dynamics of Leaf Abscission of Gambel Oaks at Small Spatial Scales in Utah Jacob W. Chalmers, Karen E. Mock, Kevin D. Kohl, Katelin J. Madsen, and Nalini M. Nadkarni The Intermountain West of the United States supports a mosaic of Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii Nutt.) clumps interspersed with grassland. Both the tree and shrub forms of Gambel oak are typically found in distinct clumps that have often been presumed to be single clones, although quantitative evidence to support this is minimal. We examined the patterns of clonality within and between oak clumps and explored the variance in phenology of leaf abscission within and among clones and clumps in a study site in the Wasatch Mountains, Utah, USA. Using amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis, we genotyped multiple stems within 10 clumps of Gambel oaks in Red Butte Canyon. Nine of the 10 clumps were monoclonal (each a single distinct genet). The 10th clump was composed of 2 genets. To characterize the genetic influence on leaf abscission phenology, we compared the timing of abscission of individually marked leaves among genets, ramets, and branches. Of these three levels of organization, genet membership had the greatest influence on timing of leaf abscission, and branch membership had the smallest influence. Our results suggest that clonal diversity may be an important metric of phenotypic and ecological diversity in Gambel oak landscapes. Keywords: genet, ramet, abscission, Gambel oak lant communities often comprise genetic mosaics at multiple trait variances are partitioned among genets (clones) versus ramets spatial scales because species in the communities reproduce (stems). -
Terrestrial Ecology Enhancement
PROTECTING NESTING BIRDS BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR VEGETATION AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS Version 3.0 May 2017 1 CONTENTS Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION 3 2.0 BIRDS IN PORTLAND 4 3.0 NESTING BEHAVIOR OF PORTLAND BIRDS 4 3.1 Timing 4 3.2 Nesting Habitats 5 4.0 GENERAL GUIDELINES 9 4.1 What if Work Must Occur During Avoidance Periods? 10 4.2 Who Conducts a Nesting Bird Survey? 10 5.0 SPECIFIC GUIDELINES 10 5.1 Stream Enhancement Construction Projects 10 5.2 Invasive Species Management 10 - Blackberry - Clematis - Garlic Mustard - Hawthorne - Holly and Laurel - Ivy: Ground Ivy - Ivy: Tree Ivy - Knapweed, Tansy and Thistle - Knotweed - Purple Loosestrife - Reed Canarygrass - Yellow Flag Iris 5.3 Other Vegetation Management 14 - Live Tree Removal (Native and Non-Native) - Snag Removal - Shrub Removal (Native and Non-Native) - Grassland Mowing and Ground Cover Removal (Native and Non-Native) - Controlled Burn 5.4 Other Management Activities 16 - Removing Structures - Manipulating Water Levels 6.0 SENSITIVE AREAS 17 7.0 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS 17 7.1 Species 17 7.2 Other Things to Keep in Mind 19 Best Management Practices: Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds Version 3.0 –May 2017 2 8.0 WHAT IF YOU FIND AN ACTIVE NEST ON A PROJECT SITE 19 DURING PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION? 9.0 WHAT IF YOU FIND A BABY BIRD OUT OF ITS NEST? 19 10.0 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR AVOIDING 20 IMPACTS ON NESTING BIRDS DURING CONSTRUCTION AND REVEGETATION PROJECTS APPENDICES A—Average Arrival Dates for Birds in the Portland Metro Area 21 B—Nesting Birds by Habitat in Portland 22 C—Bird Nesting Season and Work Windows 25 D—Nest Buffer Best Management Practices: 26 Protocol for Bird Nest Surveys, Buffers and Monitoring E—Vegetation and Other Management Recommendations 38 F—Special Status Bird Species Most Closely Associated with Special 45 Status Habitats G— If You Find a Baby Bird Out of its Nest on a Project Site 48 H—Additional Things You Can Do To Help Native Birds 49 FIGURES AND TABLES Figure 1. -
Olive Warbler (Peucedramus Taeniatus)
Olive Warbler (Peucedramus taeniatus) NMPIF level: Biodiversity Conservation Concern, Level 2 (BC2) NMPIF assessment score: 14 National PIF status: No special status New Mexico BCRs: 34 Primary breeding habitat(s): Mixed Conifer Forest, Ponderosa Pine Forest, primarily above 7,000 feet (both habitats in BCR 34 only) Summary of Concern Olive Warbler is a coniferous forest species of highland Mexico and Central America. At the northern limit of its distribution in southern New Mexico, it requires open stands of mature pine and mixed conifer forest. Associated Species Greater Pewee (BC2), Hutton's Vireo, Mexican Chickadee (BC2), Pygmy Nuthatch (SC2), Western Bluebird (SC2), Yellow-rumped Warbler, Grace's Warbler (SC1), Red-faced Warbler (SC1), Chipping Sparrow, Dark-eyed Junco, Red Crossbill Distribution Olive Warbler is a pine-associated species primarily of highland Central America and Mexico. Its breeding range extends north to east-central Arizona and southwestern New Mexico. Populations in the United States and northern Mexico are at least partially migratory, although winter records exist in New Mexico and Arizona. In New Mexico, Olive Warblers breed across the southern Mogollon Rim and associated isolated mountains, from the Mogollon, Magdalena, and Black ranges south (Lowther and Nocedal 1997, Parmeter et al. 2002). Ecology and Habitat Requirements Olive Warbler occupies both pine forest and pine-oak woodlands in Mexico and Central America. In the southwest, the species occurs mostly in ponderosa pine and mixed conifer forest which contain a component of oak understory. Nests are located high (30-70 feet) in conifers and far from the trunk, in the terminal needles of pine or fir boughs. -
Wildlife of the North Hills: Birds, Animals, Butterflies
Wildlife of the North Hills: Birds, Animals, Butterflies Oakland, California 2005 About this Booklet The idea for this booklet grew out of a suggestion from Anne Seasons, President of the North Hills Phoenix Association, that I compile pictures of local birds in a form that could be made available to residents of the north hills. I expanded on that idea to include other local wildlife. For purposes of this booklet, the “North Hills” is defined as that area on the Berkeley/Oakland border bounded by Claremont Avenue on the north, Tunnel Road on the south, Grizzly Peak Blvd. on the east, and Domingo Avenue on the west. The species shown here are observed, heard or tracked with some regularity in this area. The lists are not a complete record of species found: more than 50 additional bird species have been observed here, smaller rodents were included without visual verification, and the compiler lacks the training to identify reptiles, bats or additional butterflies. We would like to include additional species: advice from local experts is welcome and will speed the process. A few of the species listed fall into the category of pests; but most - whether resident or visitor - are desirable additions to the neighborhood. We hope you will enjoy using this booklet to identify the wildlife you see around you. Kay Loughman November 2005 2 Contents Birds Turkey Vulture Bewick’s Wren Red-tailed Hawk Wrentit American Kestrel Ruby-crowned Kinglet California Quail American Robin Mourning Dove Hermit thrush Rock Pigeon Northern Mockingbird Band-tailed -
The Collection of Oak Trees of Mexico and Central America in Iturraran Botanical Gardens
The Collection of Oak Trees of Mexico and Central America in Iturraran Botanical Gardens Francisco Garin Garcia Iturraran Botanical Gardens, northern Spain [email protected] Overview Iturraran Botanical Gardens occupy 25 hectares of the northern area of Spain’s Pagoeta Natural Park. They extend along the slopes of the Iturraran hill upon the former hay meadows belonging to the farmhouse of the same name, currently the Reception Centre of the Park. The minimum altitude is 130 m above sea level, and the maximum is 220 m. Within its bounds there are indigenous wooded copses of Quercus robur and other non-coniferous species. Annual precipitation ranges from 140 to 160 cm/year. The maximum temperatures can reach 30º C on some days of summer and even during periods of southern winds on isolated days from October to March; the winter minimums fall to -3º C or -5 º C, occasionally registering as low as -7º C. Frosty days are few and they do not last long. It may snow several days each year. Soils are fairly shallow, with a calcareous substratum, but acidified by the abundant rainfall. In general, the pH is neutral due to their action. Collections The first plantations date back to late 1987. There are currently approximately 5,000 different taxa, the majority being trees and shrubs. There are around 3,000 species, including around 300 species from the genus Quercus; 100 of them are from Mexico and Central America. Quercus costaricensis photo©Francisco Garcia 48 International Oak Journal No. 22 Spring 2011 Oaks from Mexico and Oaks from Mexico -
Ships of 8 Tree Species in Navajo National Monument, Arizona
Population Dynamics and Age Relation- ships of 8 Tree Species in Navajo National Monument, Arizona J.D. BROTHERSON, S.R. RUSHFORTH, W.E. EVENSON, J.R. JOHANSEN, AND C. MORDEN The presence of 3 major archeological ruins dating from the 1 lth cent slickrock areas and the plateau behind the canyon rim to 13th centuries (Woodbury 1963) provided the primary motiva- (Brotherson et al. 1978). The pigmy woodland community covers tion for including Navajo National Monument in the National more area than any other type in northeastern Arizona. Parks System. Also included in the monument are some unique Gambel oak is the most extensive type in the Monument aside ecosystems, especially a small relict of “mountain vegetation” from tne pinyon-juniper community. It is found inall 3 segments of found in Betatakin Canyon. As visitor pressures mount annually, the monument but reaches its greatest development at Keet Steel proper management of these unique ecosystems becomes highly and Betatakin. Pnrnus emarginata (bittercherry) also grows at important. Since trees are the dominant features of these ecosys- Keet Steel but is uncommon. tems, and are central to management considerations, the present The streamside community of the Inscription House segment of work has examined populations of 8 major tree species in the the monument contains Popufus fremontii (Fremont poplar), monument. Populus angustifolia (narrowleaf cottonwood), Salk goodingii The objectives of this study were, first, to develop age prediction (Gooding willow), Tamarix ramosissima (salt cedar), and Elaeg- equations for tree species growing in Navajo National Monument, nus angustifolia (Russian olive). Fremont poplar is the dominant and second, to assess the present age profiles, reproductive recruit- tree within this community with salt cedar attaining local impor- ment, and density relationships of these tree populations. -
Mesa Glow Bigtooth Maple
HORTSCIENCE 53(5):734–736. 2018. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI12881-18 plant water relations, leaf relative water content (RWC), specific leaf weight, total Ò leaf area, specific stem length, leaf thickness, ‘JFS-NuMex 3’: Mesa Glow plant height, xylem diameter, leaf, stem, and root dry weight (DW), relative growth rate Bigtooth Maple (RGR), and net assimilation rate (NAR) in 1 plants exposed to multiple cycles of drought Rolston St. Hilaire compared with well-irrigated controls (Bsoul Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State et al., 2006). A cycle of drought consisted of University, P.O. Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 irrigating plants only after pot gravimetric moisture loss because of evapotranspiration Additional index words. aceraceae, Acer grandidentatum, environmental stress, fall color, reached 56% to 57%. woody ornamentals Initial screening results revealed that se- lected provenances in Texas, New Mexico, and Utah might contain drought-tolerant Bigtooth maple (Acer grandidentatum more upright form, and redder fall colors than ecotypes (Bsoul et al., 2006). This prompted Nutt.) is a woody deciduous tree that is previous bigtooth maple selections. a second round of drought tolerance testing of indigenous only to North America (St. plants from those selected provenances in Hilaire, 2002). The plant has a contiguous Texas, New Mexico, and Utah in an outdoor ° Origin geographic range that covers 18 of latitude field setting from 23 Aug. to 11 Nov. 2003 and includes regions in Utah, Idaho, Wyom- Between 18 Aug. and 3 Nov. 2001, (Bsoul et al., 2007). On 30 Mar. 2003, plants ing, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas (Bsoul mature samaras (seeds) of bigtooth maples were potted into 30-L pots using the same 1 et al., 2006). -
Bird Damage to Pistachios
The extent of damage to pistachios by some birds that knock nuts to the ground, where they hull, shell, and eat them, can be measured. Losses to birds that pluck nuts from the tree and fly off to eat them else- where can only be estimated. counties to the south. District I1 (Central) is Merced, Madera, Fresno, and Kings Bird damage to nistachios counties. District I11 (Northern) is Monte- rey, San Benito, Inyo, and all counties to the north of Merced County. Terrell P. Salmon 0 A. Charles Crabb 0 RexE.Marsh Scope of the problem We received 105 responses (23 percent) from the 458 surveys mailed. Thirteen (12.7 percent) were excluded from analy- Crows are the primary culprits sis, because the orchards represented followed by ravens and jays were not in production, were outside Cali- fornia, or were managed by another per- son. The remaining 92 indicated they had pistachio losses due to one or more bird species. Bird damage was widespread through- out the state, as indicated by surveys re- turned from 18 counties. These 18 coun- ties represent 98 percent of the bearing pistachio acreage in California. The infor- mation we report here is based on the sur- vey returns and does not account for bird Various bird species are pests to a step in defining the problem and evaluat- damage and control that undoubtedly oc- number of California crops. Nut crops ing current bird control methods. cur but were not reported. Our estimates such as pistachios, almonds, and walnuts The major focus of the survey was to should therefore be considered conserva- are particularly hard hit, although infor- identify the bird species involved, the ex- tive. -
GREAT PLAINS REGION - NWPL 2016 FINAL RATINGS User Notes: 1) Plant Species Not Listed Are Considered UPL for Wetland Delineation Purposes
GREAT PLAINS REGION - NWPL 2016 FINAL RATINGS User Notes: 1) Plant species not listed are considered UPL for wetland delineation purposes. 2) A few UPL species are listed because they are rated FACU or wetter in at least one Corps region. -
Pica (Pica) Bottanensis in India
PRŷS-JONES & RASMUSSEN: Black-rumped Magpie 71 The status of the Black-rumped Magpie Pica (pica) bottanensis in India Robert P. Prŷs-Jones & Pamela C. Rasmussen Prŷs-Jones, R. P., & Rasmussen, P. C., 2018. The status of the Black-rumped Magpie Pica (pica) bottanensis in India. Indian BIRDS 14 (3): 71–73. Robert P. Prŷs-Jones, Bird Group, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Akeman St, Tring, Herts HP23 6AP, UK. E-mail: [email protected] [RPP-J] Pamela C. Rasmussen, Department of Integrative Biology and MSU Museum, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48864, USA; Bird Group, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Akeman St, Tring, Herts HP23 6AP, UK. E-mail: [email protected] [PCR] Manuscript received on 01 February 2018. he presence of the Eurasian Magpie Pica pica (sensu lato) in India (Praveen within Native Sikkim, any such records having et al. 2016) is predominantly based on the well-documented occurrence of more probably been a mistake for southern Tthe race bactriana in the north-western Himalayas east to northern Himachal Tibet,” (Meinertzhagen 1927: 371). There is Pradesh (Rasmussen & Anderton 2012; Dickinson & Christidis 2014). However, thus a clear contradiction between his own the question as to whether the taxon bottanensis may additionally occur, or have writings and the existence of his specimen, occurred, in Sikkim has recently resurfaced as a result of a comprehensive molecular from which we deduce that he most likely phylogenetic study of the genus Pica by Song et al. (2018), who recognised Pica (p.) stole the specimen later, relabelling it without bottanensis to be an anciently diverged and distinctive lineage. -
Landbird Monitoring in the Sonoran Desert Network 2012 Annual Report
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Landbird Monitoring in the Sonoran Desert Network 2012 Annual Report Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/SODN/NRTR—2013/744 ON THE COVER Hooded Oriole (Icterus cucullatus). Photo by Moez Ali. Landbird Monitoring in the Sonoran Desert Network 2012 Annual Report Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/SODN/NRTR—2013/744 Authors Moez Ali Rocky Mountain Bird Observatory 230 Cherry Street, Suite 150 Fort Collins, Colorado 80521 Kristen Beaupré National Park Service Sonoran Desert Network 7660 E. Broadway Blvd, Suite 303 Tucson, Arizona 85710 Patricia Valentine-Darby University of West Florida Department of Biology 11000 University Parkway Pensacola, Florida 32514 Chris White Rocky Mountain Bird Observatory 230 Cherry Street, Suite 150 Fort Collins, Colorado 80521 Project Contact Robert E. Bennetts National Park Service Southern Plains Network Capulin Volcano National Monument PO Box 40 Des Moines, New Mexico 88418 May 2013 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colora- do, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource manage- ment, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Technical Report Series is used to disseminate results of scientific studies in the physical, biological, and social sciences for both the advancement of science and the achievement of the National Park Service mission. -
Attracting Bluebirds 1.Mount Nest Boxes
Bluebirds A gentle bird with brilliant blue plumage, the bluebird has endeared itself to people across the country. Bluebird populations, like many other birds, have declined over the last century due primarily to loss of habitat caused by development. Bluebirds nest in tree cavities, and the loss or destruction of old, decaying trees has reduced the availability of suitable nesting sites and increased competition with other cavity-nesting birds. Bluebird Natural History There are three species of bluebirds in North America: Eastern, Western, and Mountain. The various species differ mostly in territory and feather color. The males of all three species are brilliant blue on the head and back, with varying amounts of white and rust on their neck and breast. Female bluebirds are less bright, with more gray-brown coloring on the back and blue highlights on the wings and tail. Bluebirds feed on a large variety of insects, arthropods, and invertebrates, The Eastern bluebird is one of three species of bluebirds found in North including spiders, caterpillars, and grasshoppers. Bluebirds perch on posts, America. Bluebirds are cavity nesters, and can be attracted to your property wires, or branches while scanning for insects. Watch for the bluebird’s by installing nest boxes. characteristic behavior of flying down from its perch to catch prey and then returning to the original perch to eat. In winter, bluebirds are dependent upon berries to supplement their diet. Bluebirds prefer open habitats, such as meadows, parks, orchards, farm fields, and golf courses. They often spend the winter in woodlands or groves. Ranges Eastern Bluebirds are in all states east of the Rockies, from southern Canada to the Gulf of Mexico.