Bird Damage to Pistachios
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A Fossil Scrub-Jay Supports a Recent Systematic Decision
THE CONDOR A JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY Volume 98 Number 4 November 1996 .L The Condor 98~575-680 * +A. 0 The Cooper Omithological Society 1996 g ’ b.1 ;,. ’ ’ “I\), / *rs‘ A FOSSIL SCRUB-JAY SUPPORTS A”kECENT ’ js.< SYSTEMATIC DECISION’ . :. ” , ., f .. STEVEN D. EMSLIE : +, “, ., ! ’ Department of Sciences,Western State College,Gunnison, CO 81231, ._ e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Nine fossil premaxillae and mandibles of the Florida Scrub-Jay(Aphelocoma coerulescens)are reported from a late Pliocene sinkhole deposit at Inglis 1A, Citrus County, Florida. Vertebrate biochronologyplaces the site within the latestPliocene (2.0 to 1.6 million yearsago, Ma) and more specificallyat 2.0 l-l .87 Ma. The fossilsare similar in morphology to living Florida Scrub-Jaysin showing a relatively shorter and broader bill compared to western species,a presumed derived characterfor the Florida species.The recent elevation of the Florida Scrub-Jayto speciesrank is supported by these fossils by documenting the antiquity of the speciesand its distinct bill morphology in Florida. Key words: Florida; Scrub-Jay;fossil; late Pliocene. INTRODUCTION represent the earliest fossil occurrenceof the ge- nus Aphelocomaand provide additional support Recently, the Florida Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma for the recognition ofA. coerulescensas a distinct, coerulescens) has been elevated to speciesrank endemic specieswith a long fossil history in Flor- with the Island Scrub-Jay(A. insularis) from Santa ida. This record also supports the hypothesis of Cruz Island, California, and the Western Scrub- Pitelka (195 1) that living speciesof Aphefocoma Jay (A. californica) in the western U. S. and Mex- arose in the Pliocene. ico (AOU 1995). -
Pica (Pica) Bottanensis in India
PRŷS-JONES & RASMUSSEN: Black-rumped Magpie 71 The status of the Black-rumped Magpie Pica (pica) bottanensis in India Robert P. Prŷs-Jones & Pamela C. Rasmussen Prŷs-Jones, R. P., & Rasmussen, P. C., 2018. The status of the Black-rumped Magpie Pica (pica) bottanensis in India. Indian BIRDS 14 (3): 71–73. Robert P. Prŷs-Jones, Bird Group, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Akeman St, Tring, Herts HP23 6AP, UK. E-mail: [email protected] [RPP-J] Pamela C. Rasmussen, Department of Integrative Biology and MSU Museum, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48864, USA; Bird Group, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Akeman St, Tring, Herts HP23 6AP, UK. E-mail: [email protected] [PCR] Manuscript received on 01 February 2018. he presence of the Eurasian Magpie Pica pica (sensu lato) in India (Praveen within Native Sikkim, any such records having et al. 2016) is predominantly based on the well-documented occurrence of more probably been a mistake for southern Tthe race bactriana in the north-western Himalayas east to northern Himachal Tibet,” (Meinertzhagen 1927: 371). There is Pradesh (Rasmussen & Anderton 2012; Dickinson & Christidis 2014). However, thus a clear contradiction between his own the question as to whether the taxon bottanensis may additionally occur, or have writings and the existence of his specimen, occurred, in Sikkim has recently resurfaced as a result of a comprehensive molecular from which we deduce that he most likely phylogenetic study of the genus Pica by Song et al. (2018), who recognised Pica (p.) stole the specimen later, relabelling it without bottanensis to be an anciently diverged and distinctive lineage. -
Florida Scrub-Jay Forages on Back of White-Tailed Deer’
422 SHORT COMMUNICATIONS SCHLEIDT,W. M. 1973. Tonic communication: con- STRAUCH,J. G. 1978. The phylogeny of the Char- tinual effects of discrete signsin animal commu- adriiformes (Aves): a new estimateusing the meth- nication systems.J. theor. Biol. 42:359-386. od of charactercompatibility analysis.Trans. Zool. SIBLEY, C. G., ANDJ. E. AHLQUIST. 1990. Phylogeny Sot. Lond. 34:263-345. and classificationof birds. A study in molecular VEP~UNTSEV,B. N. 1982. Birds of the Soviet Union: evolution. Yale Univ. Press. New Haven. CT. a soundguide. Three long-playingdiscs. Melodiya, STEPANYAN, L. S. 1970. (Non-morphological criteria All-Union Studio for Recorded Sound. Moscow. and their utilization for classification[Burhinidae (Narration in Russian) (Aves) taken as an example]). Z. obshch. biol. 3 1: WILEY, R. H., AND D. G. RICHARDS. 1982. Adapta- 29 l-301. (In Russian) tions for acousticcommunication in birds: sound STEPANYAN,L. S. 1979. (Possible relations of Zbi- transmissionand signaldetection, p. 13l-l 8 1. In dorhynchastruthersii and notes on the history of D. E. Kroodsma and E. H. Miller [eds.], Acoustic the family Haematopodidae). Zool. Zh. 58:167 l- communication in birds, Vol. 1. Academic Press. 1679. (In Russian) NY. The Condor98:422-423 0 The CooperOrnithological Society 1996 FLORIDA SCRUB-JAY FORAGES ON BACK OF WHITE-TAILED DEER’ JOHNW. F~~~PA~~IcK~AND GLENE. WOOLFENDEN ArchboldBiological Station, P.O. Box 2057, Lake Placid, FL 33862-2057 Key words: Foraging; mammals; cleaningstation; is based on careful study of his video, a copy of which symbioses;tameness; Florida Scrub-Jay;Aphelocoma is depositedin the archivesat Archbold Biological Sta- coerulescens. -
Corvids of Cañada
!!! ! CORVIDS OF CAÑADA COMMON RAVEN (Corvus corax) AMERICAN CROW (Corvus brachyrhyncos) YELLOW-BILLED MAGPIE (Pica nuttalli) STELLER’S JAY (Cyanocitta stelleri) WESTERN SCRUB-JAY Aphelocoma californica) Five of the ten California birds in the Family Corvidae are represented here at the Cañada de los Osos Ecological Reserve. Page 1 The Common Raven is the largest and can be found in the cold of the Arctic and the extreme heat of Death Valley. It has shown itself to be one of the most intelligent of all birds. It is a supreme predator and scavenger, quite sociable at certain times of the year and a devoted partner and parent with its mate. The American Crow is black, like the Raven, but noticeably smaller. Particularly in the fall, it may occur in huge foraging or roosting flocks. Crows can be a problem for farmers at times of the year and a best friend at other times, when crops are under attack from insects or when those insects are hiding in dried up leftovers such as mummified almonds. Crows know where those destructive navel orange worms are. Smaller birds do their best to harass crows because they recognize the threat they are to their eggs and young. Crows, ravens and magpies are important members of the highway clean-up crew when it comes to roadkills. The very attractive Yellow-billed Magpie tends to nest in loose colonies and forms larger flocks in late summer or fall. In the central valley of California, they can be a problem in almond and fruit orchards, but they also are adept at catching harmful insect pests. -
Magpie Jay General Information and Care
Magpie Jay General Information and Care: Black Throated Magpie Jays (Calocitta colliei) and White Throated Magpie Jay (Calocitta formosa) are the only two species in their genus. Black Throated Magpie Jays are endemic to Northwestern Mexico. The range of White Throated Magpie Jays lies to the south, overlapping with Black Throats slightly in the Mexican states of Jalisco and Colima, and running into Costa Rica. Both of these birds are members of the family Corvidae. Magpie Jays are energetic, highly intelligent animals and need to be kept in a large planted aviary - not just a cage. These birds are highly social and are commonly found in the wild as cooperative nesters. They are omnivores and favor a great variety of fruits, insects, small rodents, and nuts. A captive diet that works well in my aviaries is a basic pellet low iron softbill diet such as Kaytee’s Exact Original Low Iron Maintenance Formula for Toucans, Mynas and other Softbills. A bowl of this is in the cage at all times and is supplemented with nuts, fruits and veggies like apples, papaya, grapes, oranges, peas and carrots and the occasional treat of small mice and insects like meal worms, crickets, megaworms, and waxworms are relished by the birds. Extra protein is essential if you want these birds to breed. Fresh water should always be provided. I use a shallow three to four inch deep, twelve inch wide crock the birds can drink from and bath in. The birds you are receiving from my aviaries are hand fed and closed banded. How recently they were weaned will affect how tame they are at first. -
Azure-Winged Magpie Onaga (Jpn) Cyanopica Cyana
Bird Research News Vol.6 No.6 2009.6.24. Azure-winged Magpie Onaga (Jpn) Cyanopica cyana Morphology and classification Flock: Azure-winged Magpies live in a flock in the breeding and non- Classification: Passeriformes Corvidae breeding seasons, holding their flock territory throughout the year (Hosono 1989). In breeding period they roost in a flock except for Total length: 366.8mm (319-390) Wing length: 130.7mm (122-141) females incubating eggs and nestlings. In Nagano Pref., for instance, Tail length: 214.8mm (192-240) Culmen length: 25.7mm (24-30) the mean flock and home range sizes were 23 birds (9-45) and 21.8 ha Tarsus length: 33.3mm (32-35) Weight: 83.4g (69-96) (11-48), respectively in Kawanakajima (Hosono 1968), 28.7 birds and 135.1ha (103-243) in Ina, and 16.7 birds and 287.6 ha (130-376) in Measurements by Kuzu (1942). Nobeyama (Imanishi 2003). In Saitama Pref., on the other hand, they Appearance: were 24 birds (17-31, n = 16) and 13.4ha (6.2-24.8, n = 11) respec- Azure-winged Magpies are similar in tively in Tokorozawa, where Azure-winged Magpies are assumed to plumage coloration in males and fe- occur in the highest density. They also roost in a flock, but more than one flock occasionally roosted together in the same site. They use as a males. Males are slightly larger than roost site a dense thicket of bamboo, a coniferous wood and a broad- females in body size. They are gray on leaved deciduous wood. A coniferous wood and a thicket of bamboo the upperpart and white or light gray were used with higher frequency in winter, but a broad-leaved decidu- on the underpart (Photo 1). -
Cooperative Breeding in Azure-Winged Magpies, Cyanopica Cyana, Living in a Region of Heavy Snowfall ’
The Condor89:835-841 0 The CooperOrnithological Society 1987 COOPERATIVE BREEDING IN AZURE-WINGED MAGPIES, CYANOPICA CYANA, LIVING IN A REGION OF HEAVY SNOWFALL ’ SHIGEMOTO KOMEDA,~ SATOSHI YAMAGISHI,~ AND MASAHIRO FUJIOKA Department of Biology, Faculty of Science,Osaka City University,Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558, Japan Abstract. The frequencyof occurrenceof helpers, their age and sex, and certain behavior at nests were investigated in Azure-winged Magpies, Cyanopica cyana, living in central Japan, a region of heavy snowfall. One group of 16 birds was a summer visitor and the other two groupsof about 20 birds were resident. Out of 14 nestswe observed in 1983, six had one to two helpers, one had no helper, and at the other seven we could not confirm whether helpers attended or not. Therefore, 43% to 93% of nests had helpers. One helper was known to attend at least four nests, and seven of 14 marked individuals (50%) acted as helpers.These resultsmean that cooperativebreeding occurs regularly in this population. Key words: Cooperativebreeding; helper; Corvidae;group living;feeding; plural nester: Cyanopica cyana. INTRODUCTION amples of regular cooperative breeders in cool- Cooperative breeding, which involves care of temperate zones are the Long-tailed Tit, Aegi- young by individuals other than parents, has been thalos caudatus (Nakamura 1972, 1975; Gaston reported in a few hundred avian speciesin a wide 1973), Pinyon Jay, Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus variety of taxonomic groups. Most cooperative (Balda and Balda 1978), Gray-breasted Jay, breedersoccur in tropical or subtropical regions Aphelocoma ultramarina (Brown 1970, 1972) or in temperate zones with equable climate and Acorn Woodpecker, Melanerpes formicivo- , (Grimes 1976, Rowley 1976, Woolfenden 1976, rus (Stacey 1979, Koenig 198 1, Koenig et al. -
Magnificent Magpie Colours by Feathers with Layers of Hollow Melanosomes Doekele G
© 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2018) 221, jeb174656. doi:10.1242/jeb.174656 RESEARCH ARTICLE Magnificent magpie colours by feathers with layers of hollow melanosomes Doekele G. Stavenga1,*, Hein L. Leertouwer1 and Bodo D. Wilts2 ABSTRACT absorption coefficient throughout the visible wavelength range, The blue secondary and purple-to-green tail feathers of magpies are resulting in a higher refractive index (RI) than that of the structurally coloured owing to stacks of hollow, air-containing surrounding keratin. By arranging melanosomes in the feather melanosomes embedded in the keratin matrix of the barbules. barbules in more or less regular patterns with nanosized dimensions, We investigated the spectral and spatial reflection characteristics of vivid iridescent colours are created due to constructive interference the feathers by applying (micro)spectrophotometry and imaging in a restricted wavelength range (Durrer, 1977; Prum, 2006). scatterometry. To interpret the spectral data, we performed optical The melanosomes come in many different shapes and forms, and modelling, applying the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) method their spatial arrangement is similarly diverse (Prum, 2006). This has as well as an effective media approach, treating the melanosome been shown in impressive detail by Durrer (1977), who performed stacks as multi-layers with effective refractive indices dependent on extensive transmission electron microscopy of the feather barbules the component media. The differently coloured magpie feathers are of numerous bird species. He interpreted the observed structural realised by adjusting the melanosome size, with the diameter of the colours to be created by regularly ordered melanosome stacks acting melanosomes as well as their hollowness being the most sensitive as optical multi-layers. -
Individual Repeatability, Species Differences, and The
Supplementary Materials: Individual repeatability, species differences, and the influence of socio-ecological factors on neophobia in 10 corvid species SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS 2 Figure S1 . Latency to touch familiar food in each round, across all conditions and species. Round 3 differs from round 1 and 2, while round 1 and 2 do not differ from each other. Points represent individuals, lines represent median. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS 3 Figure S2 . Site effect on latency to touch familiar food in azure-winged magpie, carrion crow and pinyon jay. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS 4 Table S1 Pairwise comparisons of latency data between species Estimate Standard error z p-value Blue jay - Azure-winged magpie 0.491 0.209 2.351 0.019 Carrion crow - Azure-winged magpie -0.496 0.177 -2.811 0.005 Clark’s nutcracker - Azure-winged magpie 0.518 0.203 2.558 0.011 Common raven - Azure-winged magpie -0.437 0.183 -2.392 0.017 Eurasian jay - Azure-winged magpie 0.284 0.166 1.710 0.087 ’Alal¯a- Azure-winged magpie 0.416 0.144 2.891 0.004 Large-billed crow - Azure-winged magpie 0.668 0.189 3.540 0.000 New Caledonian crow - Azure-winged magpie -0.316 0.209 -1.513 0.130 Pinyon jay - Azure-winged magpie 0.118 0.170 0.693 0.488 Carrion crow - Blue jay -0.988 0.199 -4.959 0.000 Clark’s nutcracker - Blue jay 0.027 0.223 0.122 0.903 Common raven - Blue jay -0.929 0.205 -4.537 0.000 Eurasian jay - Blue jay -0.207 0.190 -1.091 0.275 ’Alal¯a- Blue jay -0.076 0.171 -0.443 0.658 Large-billed crow - Blue jay 0.177 0.210 0.843 0.399 New Caledonian crow - Blue jay -0.808 0.228 -3.536 -
Collation of Brisson's Genera of Birds with Those of Linnaeus
59. 82:01 Article XXVII. COLLATION OF BRISSON'S GENERA OF BIRDS WITH THOSE OF LINNAEUS. BY J. A. ALLEN. CONTENTS. Page. Introduction ....................... 317 Brisson not greatly indebted to Linnaeus. 319 Linneus's indebtedness to Brisson .... .. ... .. 320 Brisson's methods and resources . .. 320 Brisson's genera . 322 Brisson and Linnaeus statistically compared .. .. .. 324 Brisson's 'Ornithologia' compared with the Aves of the tenth edition of Lin- naeus's 'Systema'. 325 Brisson's new genera and their Linnwan equivalents . 327 Brisson's new names for Linnaan genera . 330 Linnaean (1764 and 1766) new names for Brissonian genera . 330 Brissonian names adopted. by Linnaeus . 330 Brissonian names wrongly ascribed to other authors in Sharpe's 'Handlist of Birds'.330 The relation of six Brissonian genera to Linnlean genera . 332 Mergus Linn. and Merganser Briss. 332 Meleagris Linn. and Gallopavo Briss. 332 Alcedo Linn. and Ispida Briss... .. 332 Cotinga Briss. and Ampelis Linn. .. 333 Coracias Linn. and Galgulus Briss.. 333 Tangara Briss. and Tanagra Linn... ... 334 INTRODUCTION. In considering recently certain questions of ornithological nomenclature it became necessary to examine the works of Brisson and Linnaeus in con- siderable detail and this-examination finally led to a careful collation of Brisson's 'Ornithologia,' published in 1760, with the sixth, tenth, and twelfth editions of Linnaeus's 'Systema Naturae,' published respectively in 1748, 1758, and 1766. As every systematic ornithologist has had occasion to learn, Linnaeus's treatment of the class Aves was based on very imperfect knowledge of the suabject. As is well-known, this great systematist was primarily a botanist, secondarily a zoologist, and only incidentally a mammalogist and ornithol- ogist. -
The Chough in Britain and Ireland
The Chough in Britain and Ireland /. D. Bullock, D. R. Drewett and S. P. Mickleburgh he Chough Pyrrhocoraxpyrrhocorax has a global range that extends from Tthe Atlantic seaboard of Europe to the Himalayas. Vaurie (1959) mentioned seven subspecies and gave the range of P. p. pyrrhocorax as Britain and Ireland only. He considered the Brittany population to be the race found in the Alps, Italy and Iberia, P. p. erythroramphus, whereas Witherby et al. (1940) regarded it as the nominate race. Despite its status as a Schedule I species, and general agreement that it was formerly much more widespread, the Chough has never been adequately surveyed. Apart from isolated regional surveys (e.g. Harrop 1970, Donovan 1972), there has been only one comprehensive census, undertaken by enthusiastic volunteers in 1963 (Rolfe 1966). Although often quoted, the accuracy of the 1963 survey has remained in question, and whether the population was increasing, stable or in decline has remained a mystery. In 1982, the RSPB organised an international survey in conjunction with the IWC and the BTO, to determine the current breeding numbers and distribution in Britain and Ireland and to collect data on habitat types within the main breeding areas. A survey of the Brittany population was organised simultaneously by members of La Societe pour 1'Etude et la Protection de la Nature en Bretagne (SEPNB). The complete survey results are presented here, together with an analysis of the Chough's breeding biology based on collected data and BTO records, along with a discussion of the ecological factors affecting Choughs. Regional totals and local patterns of breeding and feeding biology are discussed in more detail in a series of regional papers for Ireland, the Isle of Man, Wales and Scotland (Bullock*/al. -
Pica Pica L.) - an Assessment with the Classification Methods
Kirazli et al.: The relationship between parental defense intensity and nest site characteristics in Eurasian magpie - 1293 - THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTAL DEFENSE INTENSITY AND NEST SITE CHARACTERISTICS IN EURASIAN MAGPIE (PICA PICA L.) - AN ASSESSMENT WITH THE CLASSIFICATION METHODS KIRAZLI, C.1* – KAN KILINÇ, B.2 – YAMAÇ, E.3 1Abant İzzet Baysal University, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Department of Wildlife Ecology and Management, 14280 Bolu, Turkey 2Anadolu University, Science Faculty, Department of Statistics, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey e-mail: [email protected] 3Anadolu University, Science Faculty, Biology Department, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey e-mail: [email protected] *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] (Received 16th Jan 2017; accepted 20th Mar 2017) Abstract. Nest defense behavior varies among species and depends on different factors. However little is known of the influence of urbanization and nest characteristics on the nest defense intensity as parental investment of the bird species. We observe the Eurasian magpie Pica pica nests to evaluate their nest defense behavior among those factors including urbanization degree of habitat, and nest characteristics such as nest volume, presence/absence of roof, offspring size and the number of offspring reduction for each breeding stages (incubation, early brooding and post brooding stage). To investigate the relationship between the nest defense behavior of Eurasian magpie and a set of those factors we used classification trees, binary logistic regression and random forest. According to our results nest defense strategies can be temporally changed primarily according to the nest volume with the auxiliary agents mostly a reduction of offspring number, which indicates parental capacities and offspring conditions could shape strongly their own nest defense strategies.