DOCSLIB.ORG

Octopus Video Transcript

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Octopus Video Transcript Octopus Video Transcript 00:00:08 Hi everyone. I'm Jackie Grundberg with Backpack Sciences. Although I have many animals, I absolutely love and find interesting. I want to share with you one of my favorites. It's not something unique, and I'm pretty sure that all of you have heard of it and even seen one at an aquarium. I'm sure you know, some facts about them, but there are some facts or stories that might surprise you. 00:00:36 Did you know that octopuses are considered the most mysterious creature in the sea? Let's just start out with some basic facts about octopuses. The word S octopus comes from the Greek word oktopus, which means eight foot. Some call E C octopus' eight appendages, tentacles, but they're actually called arms. Each arm has N E I a mind of its own. How? First, let me tell you that a neuron is a specialized cell, C S K C 00:01:11 that processes and transmits information to other neurons and muscles. It's A like a signal, and this is how we react to our environment. When we touch P K something hot with our fingers, the neurons on the tips of our fingers sends a C A message to our brain that tells our muscles to move the finger. A neuron can send a B . signal 200 times per second, and each neuron connects to about a thousand other W W neurons. W | 00:01:40 Amazing, right? Because two thirds of the neurons are in an octopus' arms S E instead of its head, the octopus can control them separately. Wow. That means one C arm can be searching for food in a crevice, while the other one is cracking open a N E I clam and the suckers on their arms have receptors that enable them to taste what C S they are touching. K C A 00:02:33 Can you imagine being able to taste whatever you touched? Honestly, you P K should have seen my notes when I was researching about octopuses. There's just so C A much to tell you, but if I did that, this video would be at least an hour long. So I'm B going to hold off and let you do some exciting research on your own. I can't wait to hear what you find out. I'm throwing in another 00:02:34 Did you know? Okay. Did you know that octopuses, squids and cuttlefish before the Jurassic and Cretaceous period had hard shells? Losing their hard shells allowed them to be more agile when evading predators and when preying on food for themselves. Most octopuses don't have internal skeletons also. They have a soft body except for a sharp parrot-like beak on its underside, TM © 2020 Jackie Grundberg. All Rights Reserved. It is illegal duplicate without permission. 00:03:03 where the arms converge or come together. (Video playing) Here's something to learn about me. I love animal behavior. I've always been interested on how animals interact, why and the very cool things that we don't understand or realize about how animals communicate or behave. There are some really amazing stories how intelligent octopuses are. Have you ever heard that octopuses are very intelligent? Intelligence means learning information and using that information that you've learned. 00:03:59 Now, there is a scientific disagreement whether nonhuman animals S E can be described as intelligent. I'll let you decide. The most famous undersea C N explorer, the inventor of diving devices, Jacques Cousteau and his team were E I the first to spend a lot of time observing octopuses. They witnessed octopuses C S stealing from fishermen's nets, open a jar containing food inside, and even one K C seemed disturbed by its own reflection in a mirror. A P K C 00:04:34 There are so many amazing videos about octopuses showing their A B . intelligence. I put a few in the handout. In 2009 in California at the Santa Monica W pier aquarium, workers were surprised to learn that a two spotted octopus had W disassembled a water recycling valve and directed the tube to spew out of the W | tank for 10 hours. Octopuses have been known to navigate through mazes S quickly and solve problems. In an experiment when given the option to open E C clams and mussels, N E I C 00:05:12 the octopuses preferred mussels because they were easier to open. S K Sometimes they use their cartilaginous beak similar to a parrot's beak to chip C away at the clam shell's edge, and then inject poison to weaken the clam. A P Octopuses switched techniques according to the ones that worked the best. K C Now, this doesn't sound unique because as humans, we do that, but most A B animals continue to try the same technique. 00:05:44 They don't learn from their mistakes or learn from what isn't working. Now think about this. Intelligent animals play. At the Seattle Aquarium, researchers had octopuses in an empty tank with a floating pill bottle. Nothing happened the first time, but after the fourth time, an octopus blew a jet of water at the pill bottle. It caused the bottle to go over a water jet and come back to the octopus. Two octopuses TM © 2020 Jackie Grundberg. All Rights Reserved. It is illegal duplicate without permission. 00:06:16 did this over 20 times. This is similar to what we do with a bouncing ball. There's a famous story from the Brighton aquarium in England 100 years ago. That a lump fish would go missing every night. This went on for several days. They finally figured out that an octopus would get out of its tank at night, when no one was watching, went to the tank next door, ate 00:06:44 one of the lump fish, went back to his own tank and would sit there innocently until the next morning. I'm going to end this video with the story about the infamous Inky, the octopus at the National New Zealand aquarium in S E the city of Napier. He has so many news articles and even books written about C N his big escape. Inky, a common New Zealand octopus about the size of a soccer E I ball was able to escape through a small gap at the top of his tank into an C S overflow drain pipe. K C A P 00:07:21 The pipe ran under the floor deck for eight feet into another drain pipe. K C He slid down the 164 foot long drain pipe that dropped him into Hawk's Bay of A B . the East Coast of North Island. His less adventurous tank mate. Blotchy, didn't W follow. The news media and people all over the world loved the story as it W introduced the strength, dexterity and intelligent of octopuses. W | S 00:07:51 Seriously, I could go on and on with amazing stories and examples of E C how cool I think octopuses are, but here's your chance to explore, learn more N and then share your information. I've added a challenge for all you slime makers. E I C Come up with a slime recipe and demonstration how the octopus (slime) would S K get through a small hole because it doesn't have any bones in his body. C A P 00:08:20 Now my daughter had some slime, but it was a little too thick and it K C wouldn't get through the hole or b), it was too runny that it wasn't a good A B representation of an octopus. So if you're up for this challenge, look for the directions in the follow-up activities. All right? So I'll see you soon. Bye. TM © 2020 Jackie Grundberg. All Rights Reserved. It is illegal duplicate without permission..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • WHELKS Scientific Names: Busycon Canaliculatum Busycon Carica
    Colloquial Nicknames: Channeled Whelk Knobbed Whelk WHELKS Scientific names: Busycon canaliculatum Busycon carica Field Markings: The shell of open with their strong muscular foot. As both species is yellow-red or soon as the valves open, even the tiniest orange inside and pale gray amount, the whelk wedges in the sharp edge outside. of its shell, inserts the proboscis and Size: Channeled whelk grows up devours the soft body of the clam. to 8 inches long; knobbed whelk Mating occurs by way of internal grows up to 9 inches long and 4.5 inches wide fertilization; sexes are separate. The egg casing of the whelk is a Habitat: Sandy or muddy bottoms long strand of yellowish, parchment-like disks, resembling a Seasonal Appearance: Year-round necklace - its unique shape is sculpted by the whelk’s foot. Egg cases can be two to three feet long and have 70 to 100 capsules, DISTINGUISHING FEATURES AND each of which can hold 20 to 100 eggs. Newly hatched channeled BEHAVIORS whelks escape from small holes at the top of each egg case with Whelks are large snails with massive shells. The two most their shells already on. Egg cases are sometimes found along common species in Narragansett Bay are the knobbed whelk the Bay shoreline, washed up with the high tide debris. and the channeled whelk. The knobbed whelk is the largest marine snail in the Bay. It Relationship to People is pear-shaped with a flared outer lip and knobs on the shoulder Both channeled and knobbed whelks scavenge and hunt for of its shell.
    [Show full text]
  • Shellfish Hatchery
    EAST HAMPTON TOWN SHELLFISH HATCHERY The 2015 Crew, left to right: Kate, Pete, Carissa, Shelby, and Barley 2015 ANNUAL REPORT AND 2016 OPERATING PLAN Prepared by Kate Rossi-Snook Edited by Barley Dunne East Hampton Town Shellfish Hatchery The skiff loaded for seeding in Lake Montauk Annual Report of Operations Mission Statement With a hatchery on Fort Pond Bay, a nursery on Three Mile Harbor, and a floating raft field growout system in Napeague Harbor, the East Hampton Town Shellfish Hatchery produces large quantities of oyster (Crassostrea virginica), clam (Mercenaria mercenaria), and bay scallop (Argopecten irradians) seed to enhance valuable shellfish stocks in local waterways. Shellfish are available for harvest by all permitted town residents. Cooperative research and experimentation concerning shellfish culture, the subsequent success of seed in the wild, and the status of the resource is undertaken and reported upon regularly, often funded and validated by scientific research grants. Educational opportunities afforded by the work include school group and open house tours and educational displays at community functions. Annual reporting includes production statistics and values, seed dissemination information, results of research initiatives, a summary of outreach efforts, the status of current and developing infrastructure, and a plan for the following year’s operations. 2015 Full-time Staff Part-time and Contractual Volunteers John “Barley” Dunne – Director Carissa Maurin – Environmental Aide Romy Macari Kate Rossi-Snook – Hatchery Manager Shelby Joyce – Environmental Aide (summer) Christopher Fox-Strauss Pete Topping – Algae Culturist Adam Younes – Environmental Aide (fall) Jeremy Gould – Maintenance Mechanic Carissa and Pete unloading OysterGros Special Thanks to: Barnaby Friedman for producing our annual seeding maps.
    [Show full text]
  • Shellfish Regulations
    Town of Nantucket Shellfishing Policy and Regulations As Adopted on March 4, 2015 by Nantucket Board of Selectmen Amended March 23, 2016; Amended April 20, 2016 Under Authority of Massachusetts General Law, Chapter 130 Under Authority of Chapter 122 of the Code of the Town of Nantucket TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1 – Shellfishing Policy for the Town of Nantucket/Purpose of Regulations Section 2 – General Regulations (Applying to Recreational, Commercial and Aquaculture Licenses) 2.1 - License or Permit Required 2.2 - Areas Where Recreational or Commercial Shellfishing May Occur 2.3 - Daily Limit 2.4 - Landing Shellfish 2.5 - Daily Time Limit 2.6 - Closures and Red Flag 2.7 - Temperature Restrictions 2.8 - Habitat Sensitive Areas 2.9 - Bay Scallop Strandings 2.10 - Poaching 2.11 - Disturbance of Licensed or Closed Areas 2.12 - Inspection on Demand 2.13 - Possession of Seed 2.14 - Methods of Taking 2.15 – SCUBA Diving and Snorkeling 2.16 - Transplanting, Shipping, and Storing of Live Shellfish 2.16a - Transplanting Shellfish Outside Town Waters 2.16b - Shipping of Live Shellfish for Broodstock Purposes 2.16c - Transplanting Shellfish into Town Waters 2.16d - Harvesting Seed from the Wild Not Allowed 2.16e - Wet Storage of Recreational Shellfish Prohibited. 2.17 - By-Catch 2.18 - Catch Reports Provided to the Town 2.18a - Commercial Catch Reports 2.18b - Recreational Catch Reports Section 3 – Recreational (Non-commercial) Shellfishing 3.1 - Permits 3.1a - No Transfers or Refunds 3.1b - Recreational License Fees 3.2 - Cannot Harvest for Commerce
    [Show full text]
  • Eight Arms, with Attitude
    The link information below provides a persistent link to the article you've requested. Persistent link to this record: Following the link below will bring you to the start of the article or citation. Cut and Paste: To place article links in an external web document, simply copy and paste the HTML below, starting with "<a href" To continue, in Internet Explorer, select FILE then SAVE AS from your browser's toolbar above. Be sure to save as a plain text file (.txt) or a 'Web Page, HTML only' file (.html). In Netscape, select FILE then SAVE AS from your browser's toolbar above. Record: 1 Title: Eight Arms, With Attitude. Authors: Mather, Jennifer A. Source: Natural History; Feb2007, Vol. 116 Issue 1, p30-36, 7p, 5 Color Photographs Document Type: Article Subject Terms: *OCTOPUSES *ANIMAL behavior *ANIMAL intelligence *PLAY *PROBLEM solving *PERSONALITY *CONSCIOUSNESS in animals Abstract: The article offers information on the behavior of octopuses. The intelligence of octopuses has long been noted, and to some extent studied. But in recent years, play, and problem-solving skills has both added to and elaborated the list of their remarkable attributes. Personality is hard to define, but one can begin to describe it as a unique pattern of individual behavior that remains consistent over time and in a variety of circumstances. It will be hard to say for sure whether octopuses possess consciousness in some simple form. Full Text Word Count: 3643 ISSN: 00280712 Accession Number: 23711589 Persistent link to this http://0-search.ebscohost.com.library.bennington.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23711589&site=ehost-live
    [Show full text]
  • Spisula Solidissima) Using a Spatially Northeastern Continental Shelf of the United States
    300 Abstract—The commercially valu- able Atlantic surfclam (Spisula so- Management strategy evaluation for the Atlantic lidissima) is harvested along the surfclam (Spisula solidissima) using a spatially northeastern continental shelf of the United States. Its range has con- explicit, vessel-based fisheries model tracted and shifted north, driven by warmer bottom water temperatures. 1 Declining landings per unit of effort Kelsey M. Kuykendall (contact author) (LPUE) in the Mid-Atlantic Bight Eric N. Powell1 (MAB) is one result. Declining stock John M. Klinck2 abundance and LPUE suggest that 1 overfishing may be occurring off Paula T. Moreno New Jersey. A management strategy Robert T. Leaf1 evaluation (MSE) for the Atlantic surfclam is implemented to evalu- Email address for contact author: [email protected] ate rotating closures to enhance At- lantic surfclam productivity and in- 1 Gulf Coast Research Laboratory crease fishery viability in the MAB. The University of Southern Mississippi Active agents of the MSE model 703 East Beach Drive are individual fishing vessels with Ocean Springs, Mississippi 39564 performance and quota constraints 2 Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography influenced by captains’ behavior Department of Ocean, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences over a spatially varying population. 4111 Monarch Way, 3rd Floor Management alternatives include Old Dominion University 2 rules regarding closure locations Norfolk, Virginia 23529 and 3 rules regarding closure du- rations. Simulations showed that stock biomass increased, up to 17%, under most alternative strategies in relation to estimated stock biomass under present-day management, and The Atlantic surfclam (Spisula solid- ally not found where average bottom LPUE increased under most alterna- issima) is an economically valuable temperatures exceed 25°C (Cargnelli tive strategies, by up to 21%.
    [Show full text]
  • Predators in Action: Rapa Whelks Vs. Hard Clams
    VORTEX PREDATORS IN ACTION: RAPA WHELKS VS. HARD CLAMS INTRODUCTION Rapa whelks (Rapana venosa) are large predatory ma- rine snails (Figure 1). These large snails were discov- Figure 1: An adult rapa ered in the Chesapeake Bay in 1998. Rapa whelks are whelk from the lower native to the marine and estuarine habitats off the coast Chesapeake Bay. This of Japan and Korea. They were introduced to the Black animal’s shell is 165 Sea in the mid 1940s and have since spread from there mm long. ©2002. J. into the Mediterranean, Adriatic, and Aegean Seas. It Harding. is very likely that the Chesapeake Bay population be- gan with the introduction of baby snails from the Black Sea into the waters of the lower Chesapeake Bay in ships’ ballast water. Rapa whelks eat bivalve molluscs. They are generalist predators; that is, they do not require a particular kind of bivalve. They will eat whatever bivalves are avail- able to them. In the lower Chesapeake Bay the poten- tial menu for rapa whelks includes hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria, Figure 2), mussels (Mytilus Figure 2: Two adult hard clams. These animals are and Geukensia sp.), and oysters (Crassostrea virginica), approximately 80 mm long. ©2003. J. Harding. as well as others. Adult rapa whelks or animals with shells bigger than 75 mm (about the size of a tennis and fishery managers are concerned about the poten- ball) seem to live in the same places that hard clams tial effects that rapa whelk predation might have on live and probably eat them as a main food item.
    [Show full text]
  • Common Clams, Cockles, Scallops, Oysters Of
    CommonHow Clams, Toxic Are Cockles, Alaska's Most Scallops, Common Shellfish Oysters ? of Alaska Concentric Pacific Littleneck Clam rings Protothaca staminea Pacific Razor Clam Distribution: Aleutian Islands to mid-California Alaska Razor Clam Siliqua patula Habitat: Midtidal to subtidal zone, mud to coarse Siliqua alta Distribution: Bristol Bay to southern gravel beaches 1 Distribution: Bering Sea to Cook Inlet California Size: Up to 2 ⁄2" Habitat: Intertidal zone, open coasts in sand Identification: External surface of shell with radiating Habitat: Intertidal zone to 30 feet on open sandy beaches Size: Up to 8" and concentric grooves Horse (Gaper) Clam Size: Up to 6" Identification: Long narrow shell, thin and Tresus capax brittle, olive green to brown color Identification: Long narrow shaped Distribution: Shumagin Islands, Alaska to shell, shell thin and brittle, brown to olive California green color Habitat: Intertidal zone, imbedded deeply Butter Clam Spiny Scallop Size: Up to 8" Saxidomus giganteus Chlamys hastata Identification: Shell large and thick, wide gape Radiating Distribution: Aleutian Islands to mid- Distribution: Gulf of Alaska between shells at posterior end when held grooves California to California together, dark covering on shell surface often or rib Habitat: Intertidal zone to 120 feet depth, on Habitat: Low intertidal area to partially worn off protected gravel, sandy beaches 400 feet depth Blue Mussel 1 Size: Up to 5" Size: Up to 3 ⁄2" Mytilus edulis Identification: Dense shell, external surface Identification:
    [Show full text]
  • Wildlife Populations: Surf Clam
    "Wllf Po latioi Surf C4 Background last fewyears, this intrusion may have caused mortality in larger surf clams. The possible effects of increased water temperature in the mid-Atlantic region Atlantic surf clams, Spisula solidissima, are distributed in the western North may be a gradual northward shift in the distribution of surf clams. This shift may Atlantic from the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence to Cape Hatteras. Commer- have been indicated in the increase in New York's surf clam biomass over the cial concentrations are found primarily off New Jersey, the Delmarva Penin- past few years after several years of good recruitment in the late 1990s. sula, and on Georges Bank. In New Jersey, surf clams are found from the beach zone to a depth of about 60 meters (m). Below 40 m, however, DEP estimated the total surf clam standing stock for 2003, in New Jersey, to be abundance is low.1 between 3.5 and 4.9 million bushels. The estimated standing stock steadily declined from 15.6 million bushels in 2000 to 4.2 million bushels in 2003. This New Jersey's commercial inshore surf clam season begins October 1 and represented a continuation of the downward trend from the maximum of 26.3 extends to May 31 each year. The Commissioner of the Department of million bushels recorded in 1997 (see chart below). Stock estimates are conser- Environmental Protection, with the advice of the Atlantic Coast Section of the vative because they assume 100 percent removal of all size classes of surf New Jersey Shellfisheries Council and the Surf Clam Advisory Committee, clams within the path of the dredge.
    [Show full text]
  • Lab 5: Phylum Mollusca
    Biology 18 Spring, 2008 Lab 5: Phylum Mollusca Objectives: Understand the taxonomic relationships and major features of mollusks Learn the external and internal anatomy of the clam and squid Understand the major advantages and limitations of the exoskeletons of mollusks in relation to the hydrostatic skeletons of worms and the endoskeletons of vertebrates, which you will examine later in the semester Textbook Reading: pp. 700-702, 1016, 1020 & 1021 (Figure 47.22), 943-944, 978-979, 1046 Introduction The phylum Mollusca consists of over 100,000 marine, freshwater, and terrestrial species. Most are familiar to you as food sources: oysters, clams, scallops, and yes, snails, squid and octopods. Some also serve as intermediate hosts for parasitic trematodes, and others (e.g., snails) can be major agricultural pests. Mollusks have many features in common with annelids and arthropods, such as bilateral symmetry, triploblasty, ventral nerve cords, and a coelom. Unlike annelids, mollusks (with one major exception) do not possess a closed circulatory system, but rather have an open circulatory system consisting of a heart and a few vessels that pump blood into coelomic cavities and sinuses (collectively termed the hemocoel). Other distinguishing features of mollusks are: z A large, muscular foot variously modified for locomotion, digging, attachment, and prey capture. z A mantle, a highly modified epidermis that covers and protects the soft body. In most species, the mantle also secretes a shell of calcium carbonate. z A visceral mass housing the internal organs. z A mantle cavity, the space between the mantle and viscera. Gills, when present, are suspended within this cavity.
    [Show full text]
  • Freshwater Mussels of Iowa
    FRESHWATER MUSSELS OF IOWA Cedar Valley Resource, Conservation & Development, Inc. Printed 2002 THE FRESHWATER MUSSELS OF IOWA This mussel information guide was produced through the efforts of the Iowa Mussel Team in cooperation with the following sponsors: Iowa Department of Natural Resources Environmental Protection Agency Cedar Valley Resource Conservation and Development mussel photos: Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign riparian photo: Lynn Betts, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service life cycle diagram: Mississippi River, Lower St. Croix Team, Wisconsin Dept. Natural Resources cover photo: Mike Davis, Minnesota Dept. Natural Resources information compiled by Laurie Heidebrink review: Barb Gigar, Scott Gritters, and Tony Standera, Iowa DNR Cedar Valley R, C & D, Inc. 619 Beck Street, Charles City, IA 50616 641/257-1912 Equal Opportunity USDA prohibits deiscrimination in its programs on the basis of race, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, and marital or family status. USDA is an equal opportunity employer. Importance of Mussels This stable microhabitat is home to many Freshwater mussels may not be the first animal different species, all of which contribute to the that comes to mind when you think of Iowa’s river ecosystem. Algae growing on mussels are rivers, but they are very important to stream food for small fish and invertebrates, which are ecology and biodiversity. eaten by larger fish. Crayfish often convert mussel shells into a suitable home. Mussel beds They were an important food source for Native also provide spawning areas for many game fish. Americans, and still are for many animals–fish, turtles, mink, otters, and raccoons. Mussels also History of Mussels filter algae and other microscopic organisms Prior to the start of the 20th Century, mussel from the water; what they don’t digest is spit beds carpeted miles of river bottom from bank to back out as mucous plugs–a tasty meal for bank in some places.
    [Show full text]
  • Ocean Acidification Impact on the Grooved Carpet Shell Clam (Ruditapes Decussatus)
    Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. ISSN 1110 – 6131 Vol. 23(5): 169 - 182 (2019) www.ejabf.journals.ekb.eg Ocean acidification impact on the grooved carpet shell clam (Ruditapes decussatus) Merna E. Awad1, Nayrah A. Shaltout2, Fedekar F. Madkour1, Mohamed A. Abu El-Regal1, Heba S. El-Sayed*3, Eman El-Wazzan3 1- Marine Science Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt 2- Marine Chemistry Department, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt 3- Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt * Corresponding author : [email protected] ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: The grooved carpet shell clam (Ruditapes decussatus) is one of the most Received: May 2, 2019 economicallyimportant mollusks inhabiting Mediterranean lagoons and Accepted: Nov. 28, 2019 sandy beaches both from fisheries and aquaculture. The present study aims Online: Dec. 2019 to study the impact of different levels of acidification on this calcifying _______________ organism. Juvenile clams (avg. Shell Length, SL= 23.22 ± 0.84 mm) were incubated in CO enriched seawater at four different CO concentrations Keywords: 2 2 [420 ppm (ambient control), 550 ppm, 750 ppm and 1050 ppm] representing Ocean acidification projected atmospheric CO concentration scenarios for the year 2100 by grooved carpet clam 2 IPCC. The studied biological parameters showed slight decrease with Ruditapes decussatus increasing pCO . However, differences were not significant. Standard length Calcifying organism 2 decreased as pCO concentration increased, with a maximum average Biological impact 2 decrease of (-0.12) recorded at 750 ppm as compared to the control group.
    [Show full text]
  • Mollusks/Shell
    Name_________________________ THE CLAM Clams are economically and ecologically important. They have evolved highly developed mechanisms for survival in the sea. Many of the mechanisms relate to straining and sorting microscopic food material suspended in the water. The gills of the clam serve a dual purpose: (1) to provide oxygen to the organism and (2) to move food particles toward the mouth. This is a "ciliary mucoid feeder" or organism that uses hair-like cilia combined with mucus secretions to catch microscopic food particles and pass them on to the mouth. To aid this process, the clam circulates water in through the incurrent siphon, over and under the gills, and out through the excurrent siphon. PURPOSE: The purpose of this lab is to observe the body plan of the clam and the extreme modifications of the various members of this phylum which includes the snails, slugs, lams, chitons, squids, nautili, and octupi. MATERIALS: Clam Dissecting Kit Microscope slide Microscope Stain (Methylene blue) Specimen mollusks PROCEDURE: USE THE DRAWINGS TO HELP LOCATE THE ORGANS I. A. Study the shell of the clam and note that it consists of two valves hinged together along the dorsal side. On the anterior part of each valve is a swollen region, the umbo . Concentric lines extend outward from the umbo and represent lines of growth, much like the growth rings of a tree. The growth lines are a result of non-uniform growth and are more closely spaced during winter growth than in summer. According to this theory, each set of close rings and wide rings represent a year's growth.
    [Show full text]