Squid-Its Potential and Status As a U.S. Food Resource
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WHELKS Scientific Names: Busycon Canaliculatum Busycon Carica
Colloquial Nicknames: Channeled Whelk Knobbed Whelk WHELKS Scientific names: Busycon canaliculatum Busycon carica Field Markings: The shell of open with their strong muscular foot. As both species is yellow-red or soon as the valves open, even the tiniest orange inside and pale gray amount, the whelk wedges in the sharp edge outside. of its shell, inserts the proboscis and Size: Channeled whelk grows up devours the soft body of the clam. to 8 inches long; knobbed whelk Mating occurs by way of internal grows up to 9 inches long and 4.5 inches wide fertilization; sexes are separate. The egg casing of the whelk is a Habitat: Sandy or muddy bottoms long strand of yellowish, parchment-like disks, resembling a Seasonal Appearance: Year-round necklace - its unique shape is sculpted by the whelk’s foot. Egg cases can be two to three feet long and have 70 to 100 capsules, DISTINGUISHING FEATURES AND each of which can hold 20 to 100 eggs. Newly hatched channeled BEHAVIORS whelks escape from small holes at the top of each egg case with Whelks are large snails with massive shells. The two most their shells already on. Egg cases are sometimes found along common species in Narragansett Bay are the knobbed whelk the Bay shoreline, washed up with the high tide debris. and the channeled whelk. The knobbed whelk is the largest marine snail in the Bay. It Relationship to People is pear-shaped with a flared outer lip and knobs on the shoulder Both channeled and knobbed whelks scavenge and hunt for of its shell. -
CHEMICAL STUDIES on the MEAT of ABALONE (Haliotis Discus Hannai INO)-Ⅰ
Title CHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE MEAT OF ABALONE (Haliotis discus hannai INO)-Ⅰ Author(s) TANIKAWA, Eiichi; YAMASHITA, Jiro Citation 北海道大學水産學部研究彙報, 12(3), 210-238 Issue Date 1961-11 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/23140 Type bulletin (article) File Information 12(3)_P210-238.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP CHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE MEAT OF ABALONE (Haliotis discus hannai INo)-I Eiichi TANIKAWA and Jiro YAMASHITA* Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University There are about 90 existing species of abalones (Haliotis) in the world, of which the distribution is wide, in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Among the habitats, especially the coasts along Japan, the Pacific coast of the U.S.A. and coasts along Australia have many species and large production. In Japan from ancient times abalones have been used as food. Japanese, as well as American, abalones are famous for their large size. Among abalones, H. gigantea (" Madaka-awabi "), H. gigantea sieboldi (" Megai-awabi "), H. gigantea discus (" Kuro-awabi") and H. discus hannai (" Ezo-awabi") are important in commerce. Abalone is prepared as raw fresh meat (" Sashimi") or is cooked after cut ting it from the shell and trimming the visceral mass and then mantle fringe from the large central muscle which is then cut transversely into slices. These small steaks may be served at table as raw fresh meat (" Sashimi") or may be fried, stewed, or minced and made into chowder. A large proportion of the abalones harvested in Japan are prepared as cooked, dried and smoked products for export to China. -
Shellfish Hatchery
EAST HAMPTON TOWN SHELLFISH HATCHERY The 2015 Crew, left to right: Kate, Pete, Carissa, Shelby, and Barley 2015 ANNUAL REPORT AND 2016 OPERATING PLAN Prepared by Kate Rossi-Snook Edited by Barley Dunne East Hampton Town Shellfish Hatchery The skiff loaded for seeding in Lake Montauk Annual Report of Operations Mission Statement With a hatchery on Fort Pond Bay, a nursery on Three Mile Harbor, and a floating raft field growout system in Napeague Harbor, the East Hampton Town Shellfish Hatchery produces large quantities of oyster (Crassostrea virginica), clam (Mercenaria mercenaria), and bay scallop (Argopecten irradians) seed to enhance valuable shellfish stocks in local waterways. Shellfish are available for harvest by all permitted town residents. Cooperative research and experimentation concerning shellfish culture, the subsequent success of seed in the wild, and the status of the resource is undertaken and reported upon regularly, often funded and validated by scientific research grants. Educational opportunities afforded by the work include school group and open house tours and educational displays at community functions. Annual reporting includes production statistics and values, seed dissemination information, results of research initiatives, a summary of outreach efforts, the status of current and developing infrastructure, and a plan for the following year’s operations. 2015 Full-time Staff Part-time and Contractual Volunteers John “Barley” Dunne – Director Carissa Maurin – Environmental Aide Romy Macari Kate Rossi-Snook – Hatchery Manager Shelby Joyce – Environmental Aide (summer) Christopher Fox-Strauss Pete Topping – Algae Culturist Adam Younes – Environmental Aide (fall) Jeremy Gould – Maintenance Mechanic Carissa and Pete unloading OysterGros Special Thanks to: Barnaby Friedman for producing our annual seeding maps. -
Giant Pacific Octopus (Enteroctopus Dofleini) Care Manual
Giant Pacific Octopus Insert Photo within this space (Enteroctopus dofleini) Care Manual CREATED BY AZA Aquatic Invertebrate Taxonomic Advisory Group IN ASSOCIATION WITH AZA Animal Welfare Committee Giant Pacific Octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) Care Manual Giant Pacific Octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) Care Manual Published by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums in association with the AZA Animal Welfare Committee Formal Citation: AZA Aquatic Invertebrate Taxon Advisory Group (AITAG) (2014). Giant Pacific Octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) Care Manual. Association of Zoos and Aquariums, Silver Spring, MD. Original Completion Date: September 2014 Dedication: This work is dedicated to the memory of Roland C. Anderson, who passed away suddenly before its completion. No one person is more responsible for advancing and elevating the state of husbandry of this species, and we hope his lifelong body of work will inspire the next generation of aquarists towards the same ideals. Authors and Significant Contributors: Barrett L. Christie, The Dallas Zoo and Children’s Aquarium at Fair Park, AITAG Steering Committee Alan Peters, Smithsonian Institution, National Zoological Park, AITAG Steering Committee Gregory J. Barord, City University of New York, AITAG Advisor Mark J. Rehling, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo Roland C. Anderson, PhD Reviewers: Mike Brittsan, Columbus Zoo and Aquarium Paula Carlson, Dallas World Aquarium Marie Collins, Sea Life Aquarium Carlsbad David DeNardo, New York Aquarium Joshua Frey Sr., Downtown Aquarium Houston Jay Hemdal, Toledo -
Shellfish Regulations
Town of Nantucket Shellfishing Policy and Regulations As Adopted on March 4, 2015 by Nantucket Board of Selectmen Amended March 23, 2016; Amended April 20, 2016 Under Authority of Massachusetts General Law, Chapter 130 Under Authority of Chapter 122 of the Code of the Town of Nantucket TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1 – Shellfishing Policy for the Town of Nantucket/Purpose of Regulations Section 2 – General Regulations (Applying to Recreational, Commercial and Aquaculture Licenses) 2.1 - License or Permit Required 2.2 - Areas Where Recreational or Commercial Shellfishing May Occur 2.3 - Daily Limit 2.4 - Landing Shellfish 2.5 - Daily Time Limit 2.6 - Closures and Red Flag 2.7 - Temperature Restrictions 2.8 - Habitat Sensitive Areas 2.9 - Bay Scallop Strandings 2.10 - Poaching 2.11 - Disturbance of Licensed or Closed Areas 2.12 - Inspection on Demand 2.13 - Possession of Seed 2.14 - Methods of Taking 2.15 – SCUBA Diving and Snorkeling 2.16 - Transplanting, Shipping, and Storing of Live Shellfish 2.16a - Transplanting Shellfish Outside Town Waters 2.16b - Shipping of Live Shellfish for Broodstock Purposes 2.16c - Transplanting Shellfish into Town Waters 2.16d - Harvesting Seed from the Wild Not Allowed 2.16e - Wet Storage of Recreational Shellfish Prohibited. 2.17 - By-Catch 2.18 - Catch Reports Provided to the Town 2.18a - Commercial Catch Reports 2.18b - Recreational Catch Reports Section 3 – Recreational (Non-commercial) Shellfishing 3.1 - Permits 3.1a - No Transfers or Refunds 3.1b - Recreational License Fees 3.2 - Cannot Harvest for Commerce -
Eight Arms, with Attitude
The link information below provides a persistent link to the article you've requested. Persistent link to this record: Following the link below will bring you to the start of the article or citation. Cut and Paste: To place article links in an external web document, simply copy and paste the HTML below, starting with "<a href" To continue, in Internet Explorer, select FILE then SAVE AS from your browser's toolbar above. Be sure to save as a plain text file (.txt) or a 'Web Page, HTML only' file (.html). In Netscape, select FILE then SAVE AS from your browser's toolbar above. Record: 1 Title: Eight Arms, With Attitude. Authors: Mather, Jennifer A. Source: Natural History; Feb2007, Vol. 116 Issue 1, p30-36, 7p, 5 Color Photographs Document Type: Article Subject Terms: *OCTOPUSES *ANIMAL behavior *ANIMAL intelligence *PLAY *PROBLEM solving *PERSONALITY *CONSCIOUSNESS in animals Abstract: The article offers information on the behavior of octopuses. The intelligence of octopuses has long been noted, and to some extent studied. But in recent years, play, and problem-solving skills has both added to and elaborated the list of their remarkable attributes. Personality is hard to define, but one can begin to describe it as a unique pattern of individual behavior that remains consistent over time and in a variety of circumstances. It will be hard to say for sure whether octopuses possess consciousness in some simple form. Full Text Word Count: 3643 ISSN: 00280712 Accession Number: 23711589 Persistent link to this http://0-search.ebscohost.com.library.bennington.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23711589&site=ehost-live -
Spisula Solidissima) Using a Spatially Northeastern Continental Shelf of the United States
300 Abstract—The commercially valu- able Atlantic surfclam (Spisula so- Management strategy evaluation for the Atlantic lidissima) is harvested along the surfclam (Spisula solidissima) using a spatially northeastern continental shelf of the United States. Its range has con- explicit, vessel-based fisheries model tracted and shifted north, driven by warmer bottom water temperatures. 1 Declining landings per unit of effort Kelsey M. Kuykendall (contact author) (LPUE) in the Mid-Atlantic Bight Eric N. Powell1 (MAB) is one result. Declining stock John M. Klinck2 abundance and LPUE suggest that 1 overfishing may be occurring off Paula T. Moreno New Jersey. A management strategy Robert T. Leaf1 evaluation (MSE) for the Atlantic surfclam is implemented to evalu- Email address for contact author: [email protected] ate rotating closures to enhance At- lantic surfclam productivity and in- 1 Gulf Coast Research Laboratory crease fishery viability in the MAB. The University of Southern Mississippi Active agents of the MSE model 703 East Beach Drive are individual fishing vessels with Ocean Springs, Mississippi 39564 performance and quota constraints 2 Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography influenced by captains’ behavior Department of Ocean, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences over a spatially varying population. 4111 Monarch Way, 3rd Floor Management alternatives include Old Dominion University 2 rules regarding closure locations Norfolk, Virginia 23529 and 3 rules regarding closure du- rations. Simulations showed that stock biomass increased, up to 17%, under most alternative strategies in relation to estimated stock biomass under present-day management, and The Atlantic surfclam (Spisula solid- ally not found where average bottom LPUE increased under most alterna- issima) is an economically valuable temperatures exceed 25°C (Cargnelli tive strategies, by up to 21%. -
Defensive Behaviors of Deep-Sea Squids: Ink Release, Body Patterning, and Arm Autotomy
Defensive Behaviors of Deep-sea Squids: Ink Release, Body Patterning, and Arm Autotomy by Stephanie Lynn Bush A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Integrative Biology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in Charge: Professor Roy L. Caldwell, Chair Professor David R. Lindberg Professor George K. Roderick Dr. Bruce H. Robison Fall, 2009 Defensive Behaviors of Deep-sea Squids: Ink Release, Body Patterning, and Arm Autotomy © 2009 by Stephanie Lynn Bush ABSTRACT Defensive Behaviors of Deep-sea Squids: Ink Release, Body Patterning, and Arm Autotomy by Stephanie Lynn Bush Doctor of Philosophy in Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley Professor Roy L. Caldwell, Chair The deep sea is the largest habitat on Earth and holds the majority of its’ animal biomass. Due to the limitations of observing, capturing and studying these diverse and numerous organisms, little is known about them. The majority of deep-sea species are known only from net-caught specimens, therefore behavioral ecology and functional morphology were assumed. The advent of human operated vehicles (HOVs) and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) have allowed scientists to make one-of-a-kind observations and test hypotheses about deep-sea organismal biology. Cephalopods are large, soft-bodied molluscs whose defenses center on crypsis. Individuals can rapidly change coloration (for background matching, mimicry, and disruptive coloration), skin texture, body postures, locomotion, and release ink to avoid recognition as prey or escape when camouflage fails. Squids, octopuses, and cuttlefishes rely on these visual defenses in shallow-water environments, but deep-sea cephalopods were thought to perform only a limited number of these behaviors because of their extremely low light surroundings. -
3 Abalones, Haliotidae
3 Abalones, Haliotidae Red abalone, Haliotis rufescens, clinging to a boulder. Photo credit: D Stein, CDFW. History of the Fishery The nearshore waters of California are home to seven species of abalone, five of which have historically supported commercial or recreational fisheries: red abalone (Haliotis rufescens), pink abalone (H. corrugata), green abalone (H. fulgens), black abalone (H. cracherodii), and white abalone (H. sorenseni). Pinto abalone (H. kamtschatkana) and flat abalone (H. walallensis) occur in numbers too low to support fishing. Dating back to the early 1900s, central and southern California supported commercial fisheries for red, pink, green, black, and white abalone, with red abalone dominating the landings from 1916 through 1943. Landings increased rapidly beginning in the 1940s and began a steady decline in the late 1960s which continued until the 1997 moratorium on all abalone fishing south of San Francisco (Figure 3-1). Fishing depleted the stocks by species and area, with sea otter predation in central California, withering syndrome and pollution adding to the decline. Serial depletion of species (sequential decline in landings) was initially masked in the combined landings data, which suggested a stable fishery until the late 1960s. In fact, declining pink abalone landings were replaced by landings of red abalone and then green abalone, which were then supplemented with white abalone and black abalone landings before the eventual decline of the abalone species complex. Low population numbers and disease triggered the closure of the commercial black abalone fishery in 1993 and was followed by closures of the commercial pink, green, and white abalone fisheries in 1996. -
Predators in Action: Rapa Whelks Vs. Hard Clams
VORTEX PREDATORS IN ACTION: RAPA WHELKS VS. HARD CLAMS INTRODUCTION Rapa whelks (Rapana venosa) are large predatory ma- rine snails (Figure 1). These large snails were discov- Figure 1: An adult rapa ered in the Chesapeake Bay in 1998. Rapa whelks are whelk from the lower native to the marine and estuarine habitats off the coast Chesapeake Bay. This of Japan and Korea. They were introduced to the Black animal’s shell is 165 Sea in the mid 1940s and have since spread from there mm long. ©2002. J. into the Mediterranean, Adriatic, and Aegean Seas. It Harding. is very likely that the Chesapeake Bay population be- gan with the introduction of baby snails from the Black Sea into the waters of the lower Chesapeake Bay in ships’ ballast water. Rapa whelks eat bivalve molluscs. They are generalist predators; that is, they do not require a particular kind of bivalve. They will eat whatever bivalves are avail- able to them. In the lower Chesapeake Bay the poten- tial menu for rapa whelks includes hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria, Figure 2), mussels (Mytilus Figure 2: Two adult hard clams. These animals are and Geukensia sp.), and oysters (Crassostrea virginica), approximately 80 mm long. ©2003. J. Harding. as well as others. Adult rapa whelks or animals with shells bigger than 75 mm (about the size of a tennis and fishery managers are concerned about the poten- ball) seem to live in the same places that hard clams tial effects that rapa whelk predation might have on live and probably eat them as a main food item. -
Flip Your Lid for Squid!
FLIP YOUR LID FOR SQUID! Adapted from http://njseagrant.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/squid_dissection.pdf PURPOSE Students learn the basics of squid anatomy and physiology by conducting a squid dissection. MATERIALS • frozen whole squid—not “clean” and not cut (get whole squid in frozen section of the grocery store) • hand lenses • dissection pan (plate) • scissors • tweezers • probe or toothpick • paper towels PROCEDURE Dissection of External Anatomy • Have students observe their squids for a few moments looking at the relationship between head and the rest of the body. Then ask students why they think squid are in the family of cephalopods (head-foots). • Tentacles and Arms: Have students count the number of arms. They may use the toothpicks to spread out the squid arms. Ask if all the arms look the same? There should be eight short arms and 2 long arms. Explain that the long thin arms with suckers only at the ends are called tentacles. The tentacles large ends with suckers are known as clubs. The tentacles are used to strike out and capture prey. The eight arms are used to hold onto prey when captured and bring food into its mouth. • Suction Cups: Student may use the magnifying lenses to get a closer look at the suction cups on each arm and tentacles. The suction cups have a small-toothed ring around each one and they are on short stalks. The suction cups are like suckers that help the arms hold onto the prey when it is captured and tries to escape. • Beak and Buccal Mass: Located within the circle of arms students can locate the squids mouth which is a beak. -
Giant Pacific Octopus
A publication by: NORTHWEST WILDLIFE PRESERVATION SOCIETY Giant Pacific Octopus Enteroctopus dofleini Image from the Monterey Bay Aquarium https://www.montereybayaquarium.org By Veronica Pagowski The octopus is an elusive creature with an alien brain. Like humans, these intelligent animals can open jars, recognize faces, and use tools. Yet, only 35% of octopus neurons are located in their brain while 65% can be found in the tentacles. With such powerful, though strangely organized, cognitive systems octopuses have attracted the attention of numerous scientists and aquarists worldwide. The giant Pacific octopus is no exception. Each year, on Valentine’s day, the Seattle Aquarium draws crowds to view giant Pacific octopus mating--an event that can last over an hour. In British Columbia, this species is common enough that divers frequently report sightings. Characteristics The giant Pacific octopus is the largest of roughly 300 known species of octopus, often weighing over 23 kg (50 lbs) with arm spans up to 6 meters (20 feet). The largest recorded weight for this species was over 90 kg (200 lbs). Typically, giant Pacific octopuses are dark red in color with mottled skin, but these animals can quickly change colour or texture to blend in with surroundings. Though giant Pacific octopus colour changes are not as dramatic as the transformations in some other octopus species, colouring can nonetheless range from dark red to white or yellow while skin texture varies from smooth to rugged, flawlessly matching that of kelp or rocks. Each octopus arm can have over 200 suckers- each with the ability to taste, grip, and lift 14 kg (31 lbs).