Lab 5: Phylum Mollusca
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Can You Engineer an Insect Exoskeleton?
Page 1 of 14 Can you Engineer an Insect Exoskeleton? Submitted by Catherine Dana and Christina Silliman EnLiST Entomology Curriculum Developers Department of Entomology, University of Illinois Grade level targeted: 4th Grade, but can be easily adapted for later grades Big ideas: Insect exoskeleton, engineering, and biomimicry Main objective: Students will be able to design a functional model of an insect exoskeleton which meets specific physical requirements based on exoskeleton biomechanics Lesson Summary We humans have skin and bones to protect us and to help us stand upright. Insects don’t have bones or skin but they are protected from germs, physical harm, and can hold their body up on their six legs. This is all because of their hard outer shell, also known as their exoskeleton. This hard layer does more than just protect insects from being squished, and students will get to explore some of the many ways the exoskeleton protects insects by building one themselves! For this fourth grade lesson, students will work together in teams to use what they learn about exoskeleton biomechanics to design and build a protective casing. To complete the engineering design cycle, students can use what they learn from testing their case to redesign and re-build their prototype. Prerequisites No prior knowledge is required for this lesson. Students should be introduced to the general form of an insect to facilitate identification of the exoskeleton. Live insects would work best for this, but pictures and diagrams will work as well. Instruction Time 45 – 60 minutes Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) Framework Alignment Disciplinary Core Ideas LS1.A: Structure and Function o Plants and animals have both internal and external structures that serve various functions in growth, survival, behavior, and reproduction. -
WHELKS Scientific Names: Busycon Canaliculatum Busycon Carica
Colloquial Nicknames: Channeled Whelk Knobbed Whelk WHELKS Scientific names: Busycon canaliculatum Busycon carica Field Markings: The shell of open with their strong muscular foot. As both species is yellow-red or soon as the valves open, even the tiniest orange inside and pale gray amount, the whelk wedges in the sharp edge outside. of its shell, inserts the proboscis and Size: Channeled whelk grows up devours the soft body of the clam. to 8 inches long; knobbed whelk Mating occurs by way of internal grows up to 9 inches long and 4.5 inches wide fertilization; sexes are separate. The egg casing of the whelk is a Habitat: Sandy or muddy bottoms long strand of yellowish, parchment-like disks, resembling a Seasonal Appearance: Year-round necklace - its unique shape is sculpted by the whelk’s foot. Egg cases can be two to three feet long and have 70 to 100 capsules, DISTINGUISHING FEATURES AND each of which can hold 20 to 100 eggs. Newly hatched channeled BEHAVIORS whelks escape from small holes at the top of each egg case with Whelks are large snails with massive shells. The two most their shells already on. Egg cases are sometimes found along common species in Narragansett Bay are the knobbed whelk the Bay shoreline, washed up with the high tide debris. and the channeled whelk. The knobbed whelk is the largest marine snail in the Bay. It Relationship to People is pear-shaped with a flared outer lip and knobs on the shoulder Both channeled and knobbed whelks scavenge and hunt for of its shell. -
Common Name: Chiton Class: Polyplacophora
Common Name: Chiton Class: Polyplacophora Scrapes algae off rock with radula 8 Overlapping Plates Phylum? Mollusca Class? Gastropoda Common name? Brown sea hare Class? Scaphopoda Common name? Tooth shell or tusk shell Mud Tentacle Foot Class? Gastropoda Common name? Limpet Phylum? Mollusca Class? Bivalvia Class? Gastropoda Common name? Brown sea hare Phylum? Mollusca Class? Gastropoda Common name? Nudibranch Class? Cephalopoda Cuttlefish Octopus Squid Nautilus Phylum? Mollusca Class? Gastropoda Most Bivalves are Filter Feeders A B E D C • A: Mantle • B: Gill • C: Mantle • D: Foot • E: Posterior adductor muscle I.D. Green: Foot I.D. Red Gills Three Body Regions 1. Head – Foot 2. Visceral Mass 3. Mantle A B C D • A: Radula • B: Mantle • C: Mouth • D: Foot What are these? Snail Radulas Dorsal HingeA Growth line UmboB (Anterior) Ventral ByssalC threads Mussel – View of Outer Shell • A: Hinge • B: Umbo • C: Byssal threads Internal Anatomy of the Bay Mussel A B C D • A: Labial palps • B: Mantle • C: Foot • D: Byssal threads NacreousB layer Posterior adductorC PeriostracumA muscle SiphonD Mantle Byssal threads E Internal Anatomy of the Bay Mussel • A: Periostracum • B: Nacreous layer • C: Posterior adductor muscle • D: Siphon • E: Mantle Byssal gland Mantle Gill Foot Labial palp Mantle Byssal threads Gill Byssal gland Mantle Foot Incurrent siphon Byssal Labial palp threads C D B A E • A: Foot • B: Gills • C: Posterior adductor muscle • D: Excurrent siphon • E: Incurrent siphon Heart G F H E D A B C • A: Foot • B: Gills • C: Mantle • D: Excurrent siphon • E: Incurrent siphon • F: Posterior adductor muscle • G: Labial palps • H: Anterior adductor muscle Siphon or 1. -
Environment for Development Improving Utilization of the Queen
Environment for Development Discussion Paper Series December 2020 ◼ EfD DP 20-39 Improving Utilization of the Queen Conch (Aliger Gigas) Resource in the Colombian Caribbean A Bioeconomic Model of Rotational Harvesting Jorge Marco, Diego Valderrama, Mario Rueda, and Maykol R o dr i g ue z - P r i et o Discussion papers are research materials circulated by their authors for purposes of information and discussion. They have not necessarily undergone formal peer review. Central America Chile China Research Program in Economics and Research Nucleus on Environmental and Environmental Economics Program in China Environment for Development in Central Natural Resource Economics (NENRE) (EEPC) America Tropical Agricultural Research and Universidad de Concepción Peking University Higher Education Center (CATIE) Colombia Ghana The Research Group on Environmental, Ethiopia The Environment and Natural Resource Natural Resource and Applied Economics Environment and Climate Research Center Research Unit, Institute of Statistical, Social Studies (REES-CEDE), Universidad de los (ECRC), Policy Studies Institute, Addis and Economic Research, University of Andes, Colombia Ababa, Ethiopia Ghana, Accra India Kenya Nigeria Centre for Research on the Economics of School of Economics Resource and Environmental Policy Climate, Food, Energy, and Environment, University of Nairobi Research Centre, University of Nigeria, (CECFEE), at Indian Statistical Institute, Nsukka New Delhi, India South Africa Tanzania Sweden Environmental Economics Policy Research Environment -
Do You Think Animals Have Skeletons Like Ours?
Animal Skeletons Do you think animals have skeletons like ours? Are there any bones which might be similar? Vertebrate or Invertebrate § Look at the words above… § What do you think the difference is? § Hint: Break the words up (Vertebrae) Vertebrates and Invertebrates The difference between vertebrates and invertebrates is simple! Vertebrates have a backbone (spine)… …and invertebrates don’t Backbone (spine) vertebrate invertebrate So, if the animal has a backbone or a ‘vertebral column’ it is a ‘Vertebrate’ and if it doesn’t, it is called an ‘Invertebrate.’ It’s Quiz Time!! Put this PowerPoint onto full slideshow before starting. You will be shown a series of animals, click if you think it is a ‘Vertebrate’ or an ‘Invertebrate.’ Dog VertebrateVertebrate or InvertebrateInvertebrate Worm VertebrateVertebrate or InvertebrateInvertebrate Dinosaur VertebrateVertebrate or InvertebrateInvertebrate Human VertebrateVertebrate or InvertebrateInvertebrate Fish VertebrateVertebrate or InvertebrateInvertebrate Jellyfish VertebrateVertebrate or InvertebrateInvertebrate Butterfly VertebrateVertebrate or InvertebrateInvertebrate Types of Skeleton § Now we know the difference between ‘Vertebrate’ and ‘Invertebrate.’ § Let’s dive a little deeper… A further classification of skeletons comes from if an animal has a skeleton and where it is. All vertebrates have an endoskeleton. However invertebrates can be divided again between those with an exoskeleton and those with a hydrostatic skeleton. vertebrate invertebrate endoskeleton exoskeleton hydrostatic skeleton What do you think the words endoskeleton, exoskeleton and hydrostatic skeleton mean? Endoskeletons Animals with endoskeletons have Endoskeletons are lighter skeletons on the inside than exoskeletons. of their bodies. As the animal grows so does their skeleton. Exoskeletons Animals with exoskeletons Watch the following have clip to see how they shed their skeletons on their skeletons the outside! (clip the crab below). -
Occurence of Pisidium Conventus Aff. Akkesiense in Gunma Prefecture
VENUS 62 (3-4): 111-116, 2003 Occurence Occurence of Pisidium conventus aff.α kkesiense in Gunma Prefecture, Japan (Bivalvia: Sphaeriidae) Hiroshi Hiroshi Ieyama1 and Shigeru Takahashi2 Faculty 1Faculty of Education, Ehime Universi η,Bun わ1ocho 3, 2 3, Ehime 790-857 スJapan; [email protected] Yakura Yakura 503-2, Agatsuma-cho, Gunma 377 同 0816, Japan Abstract: Abstract: Shell morphology and 姐 atomy of Pisidium conventus aff. akkesiense collect 巴d from from a fish-culture pond were studied. This species showed similarities to the subgenus Neopisidium Neopisidium with respect to ligament position and gill, res 巴mbling P. conventus in anatomical characters. characters. Keywords: Keywords: Pisidium, Sphaeriidae, gill, mantle, brood pouch Introduction Introduction Komiushin (1999) demonstrated that anatomical features are useful for species diagnostics 佃 d classification of Pisidium, including the demibranchs, siphons, mantle edge and musculature, brood brood pouch, and nephridium. These taxonomical characters are still poorly known in Japanese species species of Pisidium. An anatomical study of P. casertanum 仕om Lake Biwa (Komiushin, 1996) was 祖巴arly report. Onoyama et al. (2001) described differences in the arrangement of gonadal tissues tissues in P. parvum and P. casertanum. Mori (1938) classified Japanese Pisidium into 24 species and subspecies based on minor differences differences in shell characters. For a critical revision of Japanese Pisidium, it is important to study as as many species as possible from various locations in and around Japan. This study includes details details of shell and soft p 紅 t mo 中hology of Pisidium conventus aff. akkesiense from Gunma Prefecture Prefecture in central Honshu. -
Nautiloid Shell Morphology
MEMOIR 13 Nautiloid Shell Morphology By ROUSSEAU H. FLOWER STATEBUREAUOFMINESANDMINERALRESOURCES NEWMEXICOINSTITUTEOFMININGANDTECHNOLOGY CAMPUSSTATION SOCORRO, NEWMEXICO MEMOIR 13 Nautiloid Shell Morphology By ROUSSEAU H. FLOIVER 1964 STATEBUREAUOFMINESANDMINERALRESOURCES NEWMEXICOINSTITUTEOFMININGANDTECHNOLOGY CAMPUSSTATION SOCORRO, NEWMEXICO NEW MEXICO INSTITUTE OF MINING & TECHNOLOGY E. J. Workman, President STATE BUREAU OF MINES AND MINERAL RESOURCES Alvin J. Thompson, Director THE REGENTS MEMBERS EXOFFICIO THEHONORABLEJACKM.CAMPBELL ................................ Governor of New Mexico LEONARDDELAY() ................................................... Superintendent of Public Instruction APPOINTEDMEMBERS WILLIAM G. ABBOTT ................................ ................................ ............................... Hobbs EUGENE L. COULSON, M.D ................................................................. Socorro THOMASM.CRAMER ................................ ................................ ................... Carlsbad EVA M. LARRAZOLO (Mrs. Paul F.) ................................................. Albuquerque RICHARDM.ZIMMERLY ................................ ................................ ....... Socorro Published February 1 o, 1964 For Sale by the New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources Campus Station, Socorro, N. Mex.—Price $2.50 Contents Page ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION -
Population and Reproductive Biology of the Channeled Whelk, Busycotypus Canaliculatus, in the US Mid-Atlantic
W&M ScholarWorks VIMS Articles 2017 Population and Reproductive Biology of the Channeled Whelk, Busycotypus canaliculatus, in the US Mid-Atlantic Robert A. Fisher Virginia Institute of Marine Science, [email protected] David Rudders Virginia Institute of Marine Science, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles Part of the Marine Biology Commons Recommended Citation Fisher, Robert A. and Rudders, David, "Population and Reproductive Biology of the Channeled Whelk, Busycotypus canaliculatus, in the US Mid-Atlantic" (2017). VIMS Articles. 304. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles/304 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in VIMS Articles by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Journal of Shellfish Research, Vol. 36, No. 2, 427–444, 2017. POPULATION AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF THE CHANNELED WHELK, BUSYCOTYPUS CANALICULATUS, IN THE US MID-ATLANTIC ROBERT A. FISHER* AND DAVID B. RUDDERS Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, PO Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 ABSTRACT Channeled whelks, Busycotypus canaliculatus, support commercial fisheries throughout their range along the US Atlantic seaboard. Given the modest amounts of published information available on channeled whelk, this study focuses on understanding the temporal and spatial variations in growth and reproductive biology in the Mid-Atlantic region. Channeled whelks were sampled from three inshore commercially harvested resource areas in the US Mid-Atlantic: Ocean City, MD (OC); Eastern Shore of Virginia (ES); and Virginia Beach, VA (VB). The largest whelk measured 230-mm shell length (SL) and was recorded from OC. -
Impact of the the COVID-19 Pandemic on a Queen Conch (Aliger Gigas) Fishery in the Bahamas
Impact of the the COVID-19 pandemic on a queen conch (Aliger gigas) fishery in The Bahamas Nicholas D. Higgs Cape Eleuthera Institute, Rock Sound, Eleuthera, Bahamas ABSTRACT The onset of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in early 2020 led to a dramatic rise in unemployment and fears about food-security throughout the Caribbean region. Subsistence fisheries were one of the few activities permitted during emergency lockdown in The Bahamas, leading many to turn to the sea for food. Detailed monitoring of a small-scale subsistence fishery for queen conch was undertaken during the implementation of coronavirus emergency control measures over a period of twelve weeks. Weekly landings data showed a surge in fishing during the first three weeks where landings were 3.4 times higher than subsequent weeks. Overall 90% of the catch was below the minimum legal-size threshold and individual yield declined by 22% during the lockdown period. This study highlights the role of small-scale fisheries as a `natural insurance' against socio-economic shocks and a source of resilience for small island communities at times of crisis. It also underscores the risks to food security and long- term sustainability of fishery stocks posed by overexploitation of natural resources. Subjects Aquaculture, Fisheries and Fish Science, Conservation Biology, Marine Biology, Coupled Natural and Human Systems, Natural Resource Management Keywords Fisheries, Coronavirus, COVID-19, IUU, SIDS, SDG14, Food security, Caribbean, Resiliance, Small-scale fisheries Submitted 2 December 2020 INTRODUCTION Accepted 16 July 2021 Published 3 August 2021 Subsistence fishing has played an integral role in sustaining island communities for Corresponding author thousands of years, especially small islands with limited terrestrial resources (Keegan et Nicholas D. -
The Lightning Whelk: an Enduring Icon of Southeastern North American Spirituality ⇑ William H
Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 42 (2016) 1–26 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Anthropological Archaeology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jaa The lightning whelk: An enduring icon of southeastern North American spirituality ⇑ William H. Marquardt a, , Laura Kozuch b a Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, PO Box 117800, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA b Illinois State Archaeological Survey, 23 E. Stadium Drive, Champaign, IL 61820, USA article info abstract Article history: We describe the lightning whelk (Busycon sinistrum) and show how its shells were used among coastal Received 19 March 2015 peoples along the Gulf of Mexico and lower Atlantic coast. During the Middle and Late Archaic periods, Revision received 5 January 2016 lightning whelk shells were transported hundreds of km from the coasts to the Midsouth where they Available online 8 March 2016 were made into a variety of artifacts that were interred in graves. We explore the symbolic significance of sinistral (‘‘left-handed”) snails in post-Archaic times, focusing on the lightning whelk as a metaphor of Keywords: spiral/circle, fire/sun, and purification/continuity among Native Americans of the eastern United States. Lightning whelk This particular marine mollusk shell had special spiritual significance—and hence economic and political Shell artifacts value—for several millennia, particularly in the southeastern United States, but its ritual importance as Shell Mound Archaic Mississippian cultural icon resonates with cultures around the globe. The importance of the sinistral whelk as both Sinistral spiral medium and message has been inadequately appreciated by American archaeologists. Native American spirituality Ó 2016 Elsevier Inc. -
Light Exposure Enhances Urea Absorption in the Fluted Giant Clam
© 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2018) 221, jeb176313. doi:10.1242/jeb.176313 RESEARCH ARTICLE Light exposure enhances urea absorption in the fluted giant clam, Tridacna squamosa, and up-regulates the protein abundance of a light-dependent urea active transporter, DUR3-like, in its ctenidium Christabel Y. L. Chan1, Kum C. Hiong1, Mel V. Boo1, Celine Y. L. Choo1, Wai P. Wong1, Shit F. Chew2 and Yuen K. Ip1,3,* ABSTRACT Symbiodinium, which are also known as zooxanthellae (Trench, Giant clams live in nutrient-poor reef waters of the Indo-Pacific and rely 1987). Giant clams (Phylum: Mollusca, Family: Cardiidae, on symbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium spp., also known as Subfamily: Tridacninae, Genus: Tridacna or Hippopus)are zooxanthellae) for nutrients. As the symbionts are nitrogen deficient, common inhabitants of coral reefs in the tropical Indo-Pacific. the host clam has to absorb exogenous nitrogen and supply it to them. The host clam harbors symbiotic zooxanthellae (Symbiodinium This study aimed to demonstrate light-enhanced urea absorption in the clade A, C and D; LaJuenesse et al., 2004; Takabayashi et al., 2004; fluted giant clam, Tridacna squamosa, and to clone and characterize Hernawan, 2008; Lee et al., 2015) which live extracellularly in a the urea active transporter DUR3-like from its ctenidium (gill). The branched tubular system surrounded by hemolymph (Norton et al., results indicate that T. squamosa absorbs exogenous urea, and the 1992). Zooxanthellae reside mainly inside the tiny tertiary tubules rate of urea uptake in the light was significantly higher than that in located below the surface of the fleshy and colorful outer mantle darkness. -
Freshwater Mussels of the Pacific Northwest
Freshwater Mussels of the Pacifi c Northwest Ethan Nedeau, Allan K. Smith, and Jen Stone Freshwater Mussels of the Pacifi c Northwest CONTENTS Part One: Introduction to Mussels..................1 What Are Freshwater Mussels?...................2 Life History..............................................3 Habitat..................................................5 Role in Ecosystems....................................6 Diversity and Distribution............................9 Conservation and Management................11 Searching for Mussels.............................13 Part Two: Field Guide................................15 Key Terms.............................................16 Identifi cation Key....................................17 Floaters: Genus Anodonta.......................19 California Floater...................................24 Winged Floater.....................................26 Oregon Floater......................................28 Western Floater.....................................30 Yukon Floater........................................32 Western Pearlshell.................................34 Western Ridged Mussel..........................38 Introduced Bivalves................................41 Selected Readings.................................43 www.watertenders.org AUTHORS Ethan Nedeau, biodrawversity, www.biodrawversity.com Allan K. Smith, Pacifi c Northwest Native Freshwater Mussel Workgroup Jen Stone, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Columbia River Fisheries Program Offi ce, Vancouver, WA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Illustrations,