Shellfish Hatchery
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WHELKS Scientific Names: Busycon Canaliculatum Busycon Carica
Colloquial Nicknames: Channeled Whelk Knobbed Whelk WHELKS Scientific names: Busycon canaliculatum Busycon carica Field Markings: The shell of open with their strong muscular foot. As both species is yellow-red or soon as the valves open, even the tiniest orange inside and pale gray amount, the whelk wedges in the sharp edge outside. of its shell, inserts the proboscis and Size: Channeled whelk grows up devours the soft body of the clam. to 8 inches long; knobbed whelk Mating occurs by way of internal grows up to 9 inches long and 4.5 inches wide fertilization; sexes are separate. The egg casing of the whelk is a Habitat: Sandy or muddy bottoms long strand of yellowish, parchment-like disks, resembling a Seasonal Appearance: Year-round necklace - its unique shape is sculpted by the whelk’s foot. Egg cases can be two to three feet long and have 70 to 100 capsules, DISTINGUISHING FEATURES AND each of which can hold 20 to 100 eggs. Newly hatched channeled BEHAVIORS whelks escape from small holes at the top of each egg case with Whelks are large snails with massive shells. The two most their shells already on. Egg cases are sometimes found along common species in Narragansett Bay are the knobbed whelk the Bay shoreline, washed up with the high tide debris. and the channeled whelk. The knobbed whelk is the largest marine snail in the Bay. It Relationship to People is pear-shaped with a flared outer lip and knobs on the shoulder Both channeled and knobbed whelks scavenge and hunt for of its shell. -
Breeding and Domestication of Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea
W&M ScholarWorks VIMS Articles Virginia Institute of Marine Science 2014 Breeding And Domestication Of Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica) Lines For Culture In The Mid-Atlantic, Usa: Line Development And Mass Selection For Disease Resistance Anu Frank-Lawale Virginia Institute of Marine Science Standish K. Allen Jr. Virginia Institute of Marine Science Lionel Degremont Virginia Institute of Marine Science Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles Part of the Marine Biology Commons Recommended Citation Frank-Lawale, Anu; Allen, Standish K. Jr.; and Degremont, Lionel, "Breeding And Domestication Of Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica) Lines For Culture In The Mid-Atlantic, Usa: Line Development And Mass Selection For Disease Resistance" (2014). VIMS Articles. 334. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles/334 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in VIMS Articles by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Journal of Shellfish Research, Vol. 33, No. 1, 153–165, 2014. BREEDING AND DOMESTICATION OF EASTERN OYSTER (CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA) LINES FOR CULTURE IN THE MID-ATLANTIC, USA: LINE DEVELOPMENT AND MASS SELECTION FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE ANU FRANK-LAWALE,* STANDISH K. ALLEN, JR. AND LIONEL DE´GREMONT† Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Aquaculture Genetics and Breeding Technology Center, College of William and Mary, 1375 Greate Road, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 ABSTRACT A selective breeding program for Crassostrea virginica was established in 1997 as part of an initiative in Virginia to address declining oyster harvests caused by the two oyster pathogens Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) and Perkinsus marinus (Dermo). -
Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica)
Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Imagine yourself on the streets of Manhattan, hungry but short of time and money. You see a pushcart, place your order and are served a quick lunch of…..oysters! That’s right, oysters. Throughout the 19th and early 20th Centuries, New York City was an oyster-eating town with oyster barges lining the waterfront and oysters served and sold on the streets. The abundance of these tasty bivalves was a welcome food source for the Dutch and English colonists and oysters, exported back to Europe, quickly became a source of economic wealth. So many oysters were sold that paths and extended shorelines were built in New York City on crushed shells. Oysters have been a prominent species in the New York/New Jersey Harbor Estuary since the end of the Ice Age. They have been documented as a food source in the Estuary for as long as 8,000 years, based on evidence from Native American midden (trash) piles. Later, many of the Harbor Estuary’s shoreline communities developed and thrived on the oyster trade until it collapsed in the mid-1920s, although minor oyster fisheries survived at the Harbor Estuary’s Jamaica Bay fringes where the East River meets Long Island Sound until the late1930s or later. In the 1880’s it was estimated that oysters covered about 350 square miles or 250,000 acres of the Harbor Estuary’s bottom. They were found in mid-to lower salinity areas including the tidal rivers in New Jersey’s Monmouth County, Raritan Bay, up the lower Raritan River, throughout the Arthur Kill, Newark Bay, the lower Rahway, Passaic, and Hackensack Rivers, the Kill Van Kull, up both sides of the Hudson River into Haverstraw Bay, around New York City in the Harlem and East Rivers and in many smaller tributaries and Jamaica Bay. -
Background the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica, Is An
Background The eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, is an important keystone species in Great Bay Estuary, NH. As an ecosystem engineer, oysters provide several ecosystem services to both people and wildlife. Oysters filter excess nutrients and suspended solids from the water column improving water quality and clarity (Coen et al., 2007). In addition, oyster reefs provide important habitat for fish and invertebrates by building large vertical complex reef structures (Coen et al., 2007). Historically, Great Bay Estuary was filled with acres of healthy oyster reef. However, due to pollution, disease, sedimentation, and historical harvesting these numbers have decreased by over 90% resulting in only a little over a 100 acres of oyster reef today. With this drastic loss of oyster reefs, Great Bay has experienced a similar loss in the important ecosystem services that oysters provide to estuarine ecosystems. For this reason, The Nature Conservancy (TNC) of New Hampshire has been working collaboratively with The University of New Hampshire’s Jackson Estuarine Laboratory (UNH-JEL) to restore oyster reefs to Great Bay since 2009. The Oyster Conservationist (OC) Program is an important community engagement component of oyster reef restoration in Great Bay. An Oyster Conservationist is a community member and environmental steward in the coastal area of New Hampshire who advocates or acts for the protection and preservation of the environment and wildlife. Participants in the OC Program work towards improving the health of Great Bay by raising oyster spat for TNC’s oyster reef restoration projects. Volunteers adopt a cage with spat on shell for an eight-week period cleaning and caring for the cage while also collecting data throughout the summer on survival, growth, invasive species, and wild oyster spat settlement. -
Shellfish Regulations
Town of Nantucket Shellfishing Policy and Regulations As Adopted on March 4, 2015 by Nantucket Board of Selectmen Amended March 23, 2016; Amended April 20, 2016 Under Authority of Massachusetts General Law, Chapter 130 Under Authority of Chapter 122 of the Code of the Town of Nantucket TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1 – Shellfishing Policy for the Town of Nantucket/Purpose of Regulations Section 2 – General Regulations (Applying to Recreational, Commercial and Aquaculture Licenses) 2.1 - License or Permit Required 2.2 - Areas Where Recreational or Commercial Shellfishing May Occur 2.3 - Daily Limit 2.4 - Landing Shellfish 2.5 - Daily Time Limit 2.6 - Closures and Red Flag 2.7 - Temperature Restrictions 2.8 - Habitat Sensitive Areas 2.9 - Bay Scallop Strandings 2.10 - Poaching 2.11 - Disturbance of Licensed or Closed Areas 2.12 - Inspection on Demand 2.13 - Possession of Seed 2.14 - Methods of Taking 2.15 – SCUBA Diving and Snorkeling 2.16 - Transplanting, Shipping, and Storing of Live Shellfish 2.16a - Transplanting Shellfish Outside Town Waters 2.16b - Shipping of Live Shellfish for Broodstock Purposes 2.16c - Transplanting Shellfish into Town Waters 2.16d - Harvesting Seed from the Wild Not Allowed 2.16e - Wet Storage of Recreational Shellfish Prohibited. 2.17 - By-Catch 2.18 - Catch Reports Provided to the Town 2.18a - Commercial Catch Reports 2.18b - Recreational Catch Reports Section 3 – Recreational (Non-commercial) Shellfishing 3.1 - Permits 3.1a - No Transfers or Refunds 3.1b - Recreational License Fees 3.2 - Cannot Harvest for Commerce -
The Eastern Oyster: a Not-So-Typical Mollusc Lab Investigation: Class Bivalvia High School Version Lesson by Kevin Goff
The Eastern Oyster: A Not-So-Typical Mollusc Lab Investigation: Class Bivalvia High School Version Lesson by Kevin Goff SETTING THE STAGE The earliest animals on Earth had either irregular, asymmetrical VIDEOS TO WATCH bodies or radial symmetry, with a body shaped like a merry-go- For dazzling displays of how asymmetri- round. Animals with these body plans usually sit still on the seafloor cal and radial animals can harvest food – like sponges, coral, and sea anemone. Others – like jellyfish – just from any direction, visit the Shape of Life drift along on ocean currents. These animals do not actively forage website and watch these two clips (under for food. Instead, they wait for food to come to them. Their body “Behavior”): • Sponges: Filter Feeding Made Visible shape lets them collect food from any direction. Eventually, though, (2.5 min) a line of worm-like animals evolved bilateral symmetry, with a body • Cnidarians: Anemone Catches Goby bearing two sides – left versus right – that are mirror images of each (2.5 min) other. This body plan is an adaptation for directional movement. To understand why, just imagine a car with monster truck tires on one side and little red wagon wheels on the other. It would go in circles! Having identical left and right halves enables an animal to track in a straight line. Animals with bilateral symmetry also usually have a distinct head VIDEOS TO WATCH at one end, where the mouth and sense organs are concentrated. To see how a bilateral, cephalized body We say they are cephalized, meaning “head-having.” In contrast, lets an animal actively seek food, animals with radial symmetry are not cephalized: They have watch these two Shape of Life clips: • Flatworm Animation: Body Plan no head, just a mouth in the middle. -
Eight Arms, with Attitude
The link information below provides a persistent link to the article you've requested. Persistent link to this record: Following the link below will bring you to the start of the article or citation. Cut and Paste: To place article links in an external web document, simply copy and paste the HTML below, starting with "<a href" To continue, in Internet Explorer, select FILE then SAVE AS from your browser's toolbar above. Be sure to save as a plain text file (.txt) or a 'Web Page, HTML only' file (.html). In Netscape, select FILE then SAVE AS from your browser's toolbar above. Record: 1 Title: Eight Arms, With Attitude. Authors: Mather, Jennifer A. Source: Natural History; Feb2007, Vol. 116 Issue 1, p30-36, 7p, 5 Color Photographs Document Type: Article Subject Terms: *OCTOPUSES *ANIMAL behavior *ANIMAL intelligence *PLAY *PROBLEM solving *PERSONALITY *CONSCIOUSNESS in animals Abstract: The article offers information on the behavior of octopuses. The intelligence of octopuses has long been noted, and to some extent studied. But in recent years, play, and problem-solving skills has both added to and elaborated the list of their remarkable attributes. Personality is hard to define, but one can begin to describe it as a unique pattern of individual behavior that remains consistent over time and in a variety of circumstances. It will be hard to say for sure whether octopuses possess consciousness in some simple form. Full Text Word Count: 3643 ISSN: 00280712 Accession Number: 23711589 Persistent link to this http://0-search.ebscohost.com.library.bennington.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23711589&site=ehost-live -
Spisula Solidissima) Using a Spatially Northeastern Continental Shelf of the United States
300 Abstract—The commercially valu- able Atlantic surfclam (Spisula so- Management strategy evaluation for the Atlantic lidissima) is harvested along the surfclam (Spisula solidissima) using a spatially northeastern continental shelf of the United States. Its range has con- explicit, vessel-based fisheries model tracted and shifted north, driven by warmer bottom water temperatures. 1 Declining landings per unit of effort Kelsey M. Kuykendall (contact author) (LPUE) in the Mid-Atlantic Bight Eric N. Powell1 (MAB) is one result. Declining stock John M. Klinck2 abundance and LPUE suggest that 1 overfishing may be occurring off Paula T. Moreno New Jersey. A management strategy Robert T. Leaf1 evaluation (MSE) for the Atlantic surfclam is implemented to evalu- Email address for contact author: [email protected] ate rotating closures to enhance At- lantic surfclam productivity and in- 1 Gulf Coast Research Laboratory crease fishery viability in the MAB. The University of Southern Mississippi Active agents of the MSE model 703 East Beach Drive are individual fishing vessels with Ocean Springs, Mississippi 39564 performance and quota constraints 2 Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography influenced by captains’ behavior Department of Ocean, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences over a spatially varying population. 4111 Monarch Way, 3rd Floor Management alternatives include Old Dominion University 2 rules regarding closure locations Norfolk, Virginia 23529 and 3 rules regarding closure du- rations. Simulations showed that stock biomass increased, up to 17%, under most alternative strategies in relation to estimated stock biomass under present-day management, and The Atlantic surfclam (Spisula solid- ally not found where average bottom LPUE increased under most alterna- issima) is an economically valuable temperatures exceed 25°C (Cargnelli tive strategies, by up to 21%. -
Predators in Action: Rapa Whelks Vs. Hard Clams
VORTEX PREDATORS IN ACTION: RAPA WHELKS VS. HARD CLAMS INTRODUCTION Rapa whelks (Rapana venosa) are large predatory ma- rine snails (Figure 1). These large snails were discov- Figure 1: An adult rapa ered in the Chesapeake Bay in 1998. Rapa whelks are whelk from the lower native to the marine and estuarine habitats off the coast Chesapeake Bay. This of Japan and Korea. They were introduced to the Black animal’s shell is 165 Sea in the mid 1940s and have since spread from there mm long. ©2002. J. into the Mediterranean, Adriatic, and Aegean Seas. It Harding. is very likely that the Chesapeake Bay population be- gan with the introduction of baby snails from the Black Sea into the waters of the lower Chesapeake Bay in ships’ ballast water. Rapa whelks eat bivalve molluscs. They are generalist predators; that is, they do not require a particular kind of bivalve. They will eat whatever bivalves are avail- able to them. In the lower Chesapeake Bay the poten- tial menu for rapa whelks includes hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria, Figure 2), mussels (Mytilus Figure 2: Two adult hard clams. These animals are and Geukensia sp.), and oysters (Crassostrea virginica), approximately 80 mm long. ©2003. J. Harding. as well as others. Adult rapa whelks or animals with shells bigger than 75 mm (about the size of a tennis and fishery managers are concerned about the poten- ball) seem to live in the same places that hard clams tial effects that rapa whelk predation might have on live and probably eat them as a main food item. -
Common Clams, Cockles, Scallops, Oysters Of
CommonHow Clams, Toxic Are Cockles, Alaska's Most Scallops, Common Shellfish Oysters ? of Alaska Concentric Pacific Littleneck Clam rings Protothaca staminea Pacific Razor Clam Distribution: Aleutian Islands to mid-California Alaska Razor Clam Siliqua patula Habitat: Midtidal to subtidal zone, mud to coarse Siliqua alta Distribution: Bristol Bay to southern gravel beaches 1 Distribution: Bering Sea to Cook Inlet California Size: Up to 2 ⁄2" Habitat: Intertidal zone, open coasts in sand Identification: External surface of shell with radiating Habitat: Intertidal zone to 30 feet on open sandy beaches Size: Up to 8" and concentric grooves Horse (Gaper) Clam Size: Up to 6" Identification: Long narrow shell, thin and Tresus capax brittle, olive green to brown color Identification: Long narrow shaped Distribution: Shumagin Islands, Alaska to shell, shell thin and brittle, brown to olive California green color Habitat: Intertidal zone, imbedded deeply Butter Clam Spiny Scallop Size: Up to 8" Saxidomus giganteus Chlamys hastata Identification: Shell large and thick, wide gape Radiating Distribution: Aleutian Islands to mid- Distribution: Gulf of Alaska between shells at posterior end when held grooves California to California together, dark covering on shell surface often or rib Habitat: Intertidal zone to 120 feet depth, on Habitat: Low intertidal area to partially worn off protected gravel, sandy beaches 400 feet depth Blue Mussel 1 Size: Up to 5" Size: Up to 3 ⁄2" Mytilus edulis Identification: Dense shell, external surface Identification: -
Oyster Biology and Ecology
y g o l o c E d n a y g o l o i B projPecOt RTS r e t s y O Contents: I Primer 3 3 I Activity 3.1 Beach in a Box—Exploring Shell Collections e I Activity 3.2 d That’s Gross Anatomy i I Activity 3.3 u Crunchy on the Outside, Soft and G Squishy on the Inside I Activity 3.4 Cha, Cha, Changes m I Activity 3.5 u Parasites on the Half-Shell l I Activity 3.6 u I Can See Clearly Now—A Demonstration c of Filter Feeding i r I Activity 3.7 r One Fish, Two Fish—Assessing Habitat Value of Restored Oyster Reefs u C Seeding the future: Inspiring youth to care for the environment Project PORTS: Promoting Oyster Restoration Through Schools is a unique community- based restoration program that gives K-12 students an opportunity to experience environmental stewardship first hand as they help restore critical Delaware Bay oyster habitat. Developed and coordinated by the Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory, Rutgers University, Project PORTS utilizes the oyster as a vehicle to acquaint students, educators and the broader community with the Delaware Bayshore and the methodologies and science of a real world oyster restoration project. Project PORTS’ in-school education programs teach students about estuarine ecology and the maritime history of the Delaware Bay, while a complementary oyster restoration program engages students in real-world oyster habitat restoration work. How to use the guide. This Curriculum and Activity Guide provides a series of lesson plans targeting grades K-8 that ground and support an extension of Project PORTS enrichment programs. -
Octopus Video Transcript
Octopus Video Transcript 00:00:08 Hi everyone. I'm Jackie Grundberg with Backpack Sciences. Although I have many animals, I absolutely love and find interesting. I want to share with you one of my favorites. It's not something unique, and I'm pretty sure that all of you have heard of it and even seen one at an aquarium. I'm sure you know, some facts about them, but there are some facts or stories that might surprise you. 00:00:36 Did you know that octopuses are considered the most mysterious creature in the sea? Let's just start out with some basic facts about octopuses. The word S octopus comes from the Greek word oktopus, which means eight foot. Some call E C octopus' eight appendages, tentacles, but they're actually called arms. Each arm has N E I a mind of its own. How? First, let me tell you that a neuron is a specialized cell, C S K C 00:01:11 that processes and transmits information to other neurons and muscles. It's A like a signal, and this is how we react to our environment. When we touch P K something hot with our fingers, the neurons on the tips of our fingers sends a C A message to our brain that tells our muscles to move the finger. A neuron can send a B . signal 200 times per second, and each neuron connects to about a thousand other W W neurons. W | 00:01:40 Amazing, right? Because two thirds of the neurons are in an octopus' arms S E instead of its head, the octopus can control them separately.