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Os Nomes Galegos Dos Moluscos 2020 2ª Ed

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Os Nomes Galegos Dos Moluscos 2020 2ª Ed Os nomes galegos dos moluscos 2020 2ª ed. Citación recomendada / Recommended citation: A Chave (20202): Os nomes galegos dos moluscos. Xinzo de Limia (Ourense): A Chave. https://www.achave.ga /wp!content/up oads/achave_osnomesga egosdos"mo uscos"2020.pd# Fotografía: caramuxos riscados (Phorcus lineatus ). Autor: David Vilasís. $sta o%ra est& su'eita a unha licenza Creative Commons de uso a%erto( con reco)ecemento da autor*a e sen o%ra derivada nin usos comerciais. +esumo da licenza: https://creativecommons.org/ icences/%,!nc-nd/-.0/deed.g . Licenza comp eta: https://creativecommons.org/ icences/%,!nc-nd/-.0/ ega code. anguages. 1 Notas introdutorias O que cont!n este documento Neste recurso léxico fornécense denominacións para as especies de moluscos galegos (e) ou europeos, e tamén para algunhas das especies exóticas máis coñecidas (xeralmente no ámbito divulgativo, por causa do seu interese científico ou económico, ou por seren moi comúns noutras áreas xeográficas) ! primeira edición d" Os nomes galegos dos moluscos é do ano #$%& Na segunda edición (2$#$), adicionáronse algunhas especies, asignáronse con maior precisión algunhas das denominacións vernáculas galegas, corrixiuse algunha gralla, rema'uetouse o documento e incorporouse o logo da (have. )n total, achéganse nomes galegos para *$+ especies de moluscos A estrutura )n primeiro lugar preséntase unha clasificación taxonómica 'ue considera as clases, ordes, superfamilias e familias de moluscos !'uí apúntanse, de maneira xeral, os nomes dos moluscos 'ue hai en cada familia ! seguir vén o corpo do documento, unha listaxe onde se indica, especie por especie, alén do nome científico, os nomes galegos e ingleses de cada molusco (nalgún caso, tamén, o nome xenérico para un grupo deles) Nesta listaxe específica destácanse con fondo azul claro as especies galegas !o final inclúese unha lista de referencias bibliográficas 'ue foron utilizadas para a elaboración deste documento Nalgunhas desas referencias recóllense ou propóñense nomes galegos para os moluscos, 'uer xenéricos 'uer específicos Outras referencias achegan nomes para os moluscos noutras linguas, 'ue tamén foron tidos en conta !lén diso, inclúense algunhas fontes básicas a respecto da metodoloxía e dos criterios terminolóxicos empregados 2 "ratamento terminolóxico .ara a elaboración deste documento, de modo moi resumido, traballouse nas seguintes liñas e cos seguintes criterios/ )n primeiro lugar, aprofundouse no acervo lingüístico galego ! respecto dos nomes dos moluscos, a lingua galega é riquísima, e dispomos dunha chea de nomes, tanto específicos (que designan un único animal) como xenéricos (que designan varios animais parecidos) .or exemplo, son denominacións vernáculas específicas zamburiña (Chlamys varia)1 morruncho ou lóstrego (Ostreola stentina)1 alabarda (Atrina fragilis)1 vieira (Pecten maximus)1 vieiriña ou volandeira (Aequipecten opercularis)1 carlou, entre outros nomes, para Clelandella miliaris 1 tétalo, entre outros nomes, para Lithophaga lithophaga 1 carneiro, entre outros nomes, para Venus verrucosa 1 tarxa (Anomia ephippium)1 ruda (Aeolidia papillosa)1 broca, entre outros nomes, para Teredo navalis 1 ameixa bicuda (Politapes sureus) (=Tapes aureus)1 ameixón (Callista chione)1 xiba (Sepia officinalis)1 cho'uiño (Sepia elegans) etc etc Nomes galegos xenéricos 3'ue designan varias especies parecidas dun grupo– son por exemplo arola, aroliña, corno, cornecho, corniño, ostra, ameixa, mexillón, bucio, buguina, berberecho, caracol, lesma, lesma do mar (ou borracha), longueirón, navalla, lapa (ou lámparo), dormiñento (ou 'uitón, lapa peixeira), cadela, cadelucha (ou cadeliña), polbo, lura (ou lula), pota, chopo etc etc (oas denominacións xenéricas galegas formáronse despois denominacións específicas para moluscos doutras latitudes/ os nomes de ameixas, ostras, mexillóns, bucios, caracois, cornechos, lapas, polbos, luras (ou lulas) , por exemplo, da Oceanía, !sia, 4frica ou !mérica 5ivéronse así mesmo en conta nomes para os moluscos do galego de !sturias, coincidentes na súa maioría cos da 6aliza, mais tamén con algunha outra denominación como peregrina para Pecten maximus, aguillolo para nsis ensis e Solen marginatus, cornín para os gastrópodes do xénero !eptunea, ou potarro para o cefalópode "llex coindetti, por exemplo, incluídos neste documento como sinónimos doutros nomes galegos ou como nome principal, segundo as especies .rocurouse tamén na bibliografía especializada en zooloxía en lingua galega, onde xa se ten empregado, por exemplo, o nome dormiñento costeleiro para Lepidopleurus ca#etanus, ou arola cacheira para Panopea glycimeris, e na bibliografía terminolóxica galega, onde xa se teñen feito propostas como helmo para as especies da familia (asídeos, argonauta para as especies do xénero Argonauta, dentalio para os escafópodes do xénero $entalium, ou apuntado nomes como caurí para Cypraea moneta, por exemplo .ara algúns nomes recorreuse á lusofonía, seguíndomos o criterio recollido nas !ormas ortogr%ficas e morfol&xicas do idioma galego (R!6 e 896) do ano #$$:/ ;.ara o arrequecemento do léxico culto, nomeadamente no referido aos ámbitos científico e técnico, o portugués será considerado recurso fundamental, sempre 'ue esta adopción non for contraria ás características estruturais do galego< =este xeito adaptáronse e adoptáronse algunhas denominacións, como por exemplo bucio de chapeu ou bucio de aba para ustrom'us goliath (endémico do >rasil), linguarudos para os gastrópodes do xénero Olivancillaria, feixón de café para Pusula pediculus, argonauta maior para Argonauta argo, polbo de cheiro para ledone moschata, glauco a,ul, dragón azul e frota azul para (laucus atlanticus, lesma das hortas 3 para Arion hortensis, vieira de chama para Ctenoides sca'er, ou ciprea toupeira para Cypraea talpa, algunha delas xa usada en ámbitos divulgativos en lingua galega e a maioría coincidentes coas denominacións 'ue teñen igualmente noutros idiomas Un outro recurso foi considerar os nomes científicos, en latín, de modo paralelo ás denominacións desas especies de moluscos noutras linguas !sí, por exemplo/ @ nomes como náutilo para as especies da orde Nautílidos, @ melonxena para especies da familia Aelonxenídeos, @ ou oliva para as especies do xénero Oliva Outras linguas xa o teñen feito do mesmo modo (francés/ nautile, mélongène, olive 1 inglés/ nautilus, melongena, olive 1 castelán: nautilo, melongena, oliva) )stes tres nomes apuntados xa teñen sido propostos, ademais, para estes moluscos, na bibliografía terminolóxica galega =o mesmo xeito, a partir do nome científico latino fórmanse os nomes galegos turbonila aguda (Tur'onilla acuta), turbonila miúda (Tur'onilla pusilla), turbonila leitosa (Tur'onilla lactea), turbonila de Beffreys (Tur'onilla #effreysii ) etc Castelanismos O nome Dpulpo é usado con frecuencia para designar de modo incorrecto en galego varias especies de cefalópodes ! voz patrimonial galega é polbo, viva na fala de moitas vilas mariñeiras, mesmo con nomes vernáculos específicos, como por exemplo polbo cabezudo e polbo do limpo para ledone cirrhosa, ou polbo da pedra e polbo do cuberto para Octopus vulgaris O nome da persoa 'ue pesca ou vende polbo non é Dpulpeira + Dpulpeiro, 'ue é polbeira E polbeiro 1 o nome da especialidade gastronómica galega é polbo á feira 1 e o restaurante ou casa de xantares onde se serve especialmente polbo chámase en correcto galego polbeira (non Dpulper,a ) 7exéitase así mesmo o nome Dco'o (do castelán: co'o ) asignado nalgunha ocasión ás especies da familia )strombídeos, para as 'ue son ben máis propias en galego as denominacións estrombos e bucios 4 Unha es%ecie con máis dun nome ! lingua galega é extraordinariamente rica no 'ue atinxe aos nomes das moluscos !lén diso, @ por a malacoloxía e terminoloxía galegas teren achegado máis dun nome para algúns dos moluscos, @ por considerarmos os nomes para unha sistemática moito máis extensa –mundial3 e un outro nome ser máis acaído e designar de maneira clara e diferenciadora un número de especies moito maior, @ ou por seren nomes usados en case todas as linguas como sinónimos para especies de moluscos relativamente coñecidos e adoptárense e usárense en galego de modo semellante, ás veces hai máis dun nome para unha única especie. .or exemplo/ lesma do mar, lesma do mar común, limacha do mar, borracha, borracha común, vinagreira, tinteiro ou tinteira, meiga do mar, teta do mar, frade, pixa porca, porco do mar ou cona de vella, para a especie autóctona Aplysia punctata 5odos os nomes achegados neste documento son considerados correctos, pódese usar cal'uera deles 7ecoméndase, porén, o primeiro nome como preferente 1 o seguinte –ou seguintes3 aparecen marcados coa abreviatura sin., 'ue indica 'ue son sinónimos do primeiro nome, 'ue sería o principal, de acordo cos criterios da (have. No caso 'ue apuntamos como exemplo, o preferente sería lesma do mar común (ou simplemente lesma do mar), aínda 'ue, como dicimos, cal'uera deles é correcto, e dependería do contexto e do criterio de cada persoa usar un ou outro nome, ou facer referencia a máis dun deles O mesmo nome para varias es%ecies diferentes )n galego, do mesmo modo 'ue acontece en todas as linguas do mundo, un mesmo nome é empregado para designar de modo xenérico varias especies de animais ou de plantas 'ue son parecidas (anto aos moluscos, un bo exemplo sería caramuxo, 'ue se usa para nomear caracois dos xéneros (ib'ula, Phorcus, Cittarium, Calliostoma, !erita, !atica, !assarius, Littorina, -ela etc Na elaboración deste recurso léxico, valorouse caramuxo como
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