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Bitasion Les Habitations-Plantations Constituent Le Creuset Historique Et Symbolique Où Fut Fondu L’Alliage Original Que Sont Les Cultures Antillaises

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Bitasion Les Habitations-Plantations Constituent Le Creuset Historique Et Symbolique Où Fut Fondu L’Alliage Original Que Sont Les Cultures Antillaises Kelly & Bérard Ouvrage dirigé par Bitasion Les habitations-plantations constituent le creuset historique et symbolique où fut fondu l’alliage original que sont les cultures antillaises. Elles sont le berceau des sociétés créoles contemporaines qui y ont puisé tant leur forte parenté que leur Bitasion - Archéologie des habitations-plantations des Petites Antilles diversité. Leur étude a été précocement le terrain de prédilection des historiens. Les archéologues antillanistes se consacraient alors plus volontiers à l’étude des sociétés précolombiennes. Ainsi, en dehors des travaux pionniers de J. Handler et F. Lange à la Barbade, c’est surtout depuis la fin des années 1980 qu’un véritable développement de l’archéologie des habitations-plantations antillaises a pu être observé. Les questions pouvant être traitées par l’archéologie des habitations-plantations sont extrêmement riches et multiples et ne sauraient être épuisées par la publication d’un unique ouvrage. Les différents chapitres qui composent ce livre dirigé par K. Kelly et B. Bérard n’ont pas vocation à tendre à l’exhaustivité. Ils nous semblent, par contre, être représentatifs, par la variété des questions abordée et la diversité des angles d’approche, de la dynamique actuelle de ce champ de la recherche. Cette diversité est évidemment liée à celle des espaces concernés: les habitations-plantations de cinq îles des Petites Antilles : Antigua, la Guadeloupe, la Dominique, la Martinique et la Barbade sont ici étudiées. Elle est aussi, au sein d’un même espace, due à la cohabitation de différentes pratiques universitaires. Nous espérons que cet ouvrage, tout en diffusant une information jusqu’à présent trop dispersée, sera le point de départ de nouveaux travaux. Ce développement de la recherche est une nécessité scientifique mais aussi sociale pour les populations antillaises. L’archéologie historique est une voie d’accès privilégiée aux interstices de l’histoire coloniale (contact précoloniaux, commerce interlope, marronnage physique et moral, nécessaires concessions fruits de la négociation permanente entre la norme coloniale et réalité quotidienne, etc.). En fouillant la terre antillaise, les archéologues ne peuvent que conter la quotidienneté de la vie au sein de l’archipel. Or c’est aussi (beaucoup ?) de ces interstices, s’inscrivant le plus souvent dans des échelles micro- Bitasion locales, locales ou régionales, qu’ont émergé les cultures antillaises. Archéologie des habitations- plantations des Petites Antilles 1 Lesser Antilles Plantation Archaeology Taboui no.1 ISBNSidestone 978-90-8890-194-2 Press collection d’archéologie Caraïbe Sidestone dirigée par Benoît Bérard ISBN: 978-90-8890-194-2 Ouvrage dirigé par Kenneth Kelly & Benoit Bérard AIHP/GEODE EA 929 9 789088 901942 Bitasion Sidestone Press Bitasion Archéologie des habitations- plantations des Petites Antilles Lesser Antilles Plantation Archaeology Ouvrage dirigé par Kenneth Kelly & Benoit Bérard © 2014, individual authors Published by Sidestone Press, Leiden www.sidestone.com ISBN 978-90-8890-194-2 Photograph cover: Habitation Fond Moulin, Grand Rivière, Martinique Photograph by J. Cazassus-Bérard, 2012 Lay-out & cover design: Sidestone Press Taboui no.1 collection d’archéologie Caraïbe dirigée par Benoît Bérard Contents Foreword 7 Préambule 9 Introduction: Archéologie des habitations-plantations des Petites 11 Antilles Benoît Bérard 1 Archaeology, Plantations, and Slavery in the French West Indies 17 Kenneth G. Kelly 2 Archaeological Investigations at Betty’s Hope Plantation, 33 Antigua: Some preliminary thoughts on theory Prof. Dr. Georgia L. Fox 3 Slave Community Food ways on a French Colonial Plantation: 45 Zooarchaeology at Habitation Crève Cœur, Martinique Diane Wallman 4 L’Alimentation dans une plantation Guadeloupéenne du XVIIIe 69 siècle: Le cas de l’habitation Macaille (Anse Betrand) Noémie Tomadini, Sandrine Grouard et Yann Henry 5 Archaeological mitigation of a plantation family burying ground 87 in Antigua Tamara L. Varney 6 Administering Diversity: Comparison of Everyday Life 99 and Trade on Two Plantations in Early Colonial Dominica (1763-1807) Mark Hauser 7 The spaces in between: Archaeological investigations at St. 127 Nicholas Abbey sugar plantation Stephanie Bergman and Frederick H. Smith 8 Post-emancipation lifeways at Green Castle Estate, Antigua 147 Samantha Rebovich Bardoe Conclusion: The context of plantation archaeology in the Lesser 165 Antilles Kenneth G. Kelly Foreword This is the first volume in the Taboui series, published by the Caribbean history and archaeology laboratory (EA 929) of the Université des Antilles et de la Guyane. This new series is dedicated to the exploration of Caribbean archaeology in all of its thematic, chronological, and geographical diversity. Overseen by an international editorial board, it welcomes contributions in French, English, and Spanish. The archaeology of the Caribbean islands has witnessed a dramatic development over the past 20 years; a development characterized by growth in the number of researchers engaged in the region, as well as increasingly sophisticated research questions and analytical methods. Unfortunately, the publishing opportunities in Caribbean archaeology have not followed the same growth curve. Thus, today the advancement of Caribbean archaeology is limited by a lack of world-class book series or journals devoted to this subject. Furthermore, cultural resource management archaeology has also witnessed a tremendous growth over the past 10 years, particularly in the French West Indies, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands. Yet the results of this research are rarely made available in the region as a whole. The creation of this trilingual publication specifically dedicated to Caribbean archaeology will encourace a better dissemination of the important results of this research. The establishment of the Taboui series should be seen as a direct response to this need. This project has been brought about thanks to the support of the French Ministry of Culture and Communication, and the University of the Antilles and Guyane. The word taboui signifies the “men’s house”, the place for the exchange of knowledge and for initiations among the Kalinago of the Lesser Antilles. We can only hope that this series will also be the space shared by all archaeologists working in the Caribbean, and that it will encourage the exchange of knowledge amongst this community of researchers and the wider public in the Caribbean region. foreword 7 Préambule Le présent ouvrage constitue le premier volume de la collection Taboui éditée par l’EA 929 AIHP/GEODE de l’Université des Antilles et de la Guyane et dont nous assurons la direction. Cette nouvelle collection est consacrée à l’archéologie caraïbe dans toutes ses déclinaisons thématiques, chronologiques ou géographiques. Pilotée par un comité scientifique international, elle accueillera des ouvrages en français, anglais ou espagnol. L’archéologie antillaise a connu un très fort développement au cours des vingt dernières années. Un développement marqué par une multiplication des chercheurs ainsi qu’un renouvellement important des problématiques de recherche et des méthodes d’analyse. Malheureusement, l’évolution des supports de publication n’a pas suivi la même courbe de croissance. Ainsi, aujourd’hui le développement de l’archéologie dans les Antilles se trouve limité par un manque de collections ou de revues de qualité qui lui soient spécifiquement consacrées. Par ailleurs, l’archéologie préventive connaît depuis une dizaine d’années un développement important tout particulièrement dans les Antilles françaises, Porto-Rico et les Iles Vierges américaines. Les résultats de ces travaux ont à l’heure actuelle un très faible taux de publication. La création d’un support de publication trilingue spécifiquement dédié à l’archéologie de la zone devrait favoriser une meilleure diffusion des importants résultats de ces recherches. La création de la collection Taboui doit être conçue comme une réponse à ce besoin. Ce projet a pu être mené à bien grâce au soutien du Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication et de l’Université des Antilles et de la Guyane. Le taboui était la maison collective des hommes, le lieu de l’échange des savoirs et des initiations chez les Kalinago des Petites Antilles. Nous ne pouvons que souhaiter que la présente collection soit, elle aussi, le lieu commun à tous les archéologues travaillant dans la zone et qu’elle favorise la diffusion des connaissances au sein de cette communauté scientifique mais aussi plus largement au sein de la population antillaise. préambule 9 Introduction Archéologie des habitations- plantations1 des Petites Antilles Benoît Bérard EA 929 AIHP-GEODE Université des Antilles et de la Guyane Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines Campus de Schoelcher Martinique [email protected] L’étude des dynamiques liées à la mise en place et à l’expansion des espaces urbains a connu un important et légitime développement au cours des dernières années tant sous l’impulsion des historiens que des archéologues. Il n’en reste pas moins que les habitations-plantations constituent le creuset historique et symbolique où fut fondu l’alliage original que sont les cultures antillaises. Elles sont le berceau des sociétés créoles contemporaines qui y ont puisé tant leur forte parenté que leur diversité. Leur étude a donc, tout naturellement, été précocement le terrain de prédilection des historiens. Les archéologues antillanistes se consacraient alors plus volontiers
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