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Las Fuentes Aztecas Como Narración: Los" Casus Belli"
LAS FUENTES AZTECAS COMO NARRACIÓN: LOS CASUS BELLI CARLOS SANTAMARINA NOVILLO UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID RESUMEN: PROPONEMOS AQUÍ CONTEMPLAR LAS FUENTES AZTECAS COMO NARRACIÓN LITERARIA, PARA APRENDER A RECONOCER SU COMPONENTE LITERARIO Y DE FICCIÓN, IDENTIFICANDO LOS ESTEREOTIPOS NARRATIVOS UTILIZA- DOS, Y ESTABLECER ASÍ LA NECESARIA DISTANCIA ENTRE LA NARRACIÓN Y LOS HECHOS HISTÓRICOS MISMOS OBJETO DE NUESTRA INVESTIGACIÓN. NUESTRA CONTRIBUCIÓN AQUÍ SE REFIERE A LAS CAUSAS INMEDIATAS –O CASUS BELLI– DE LAS GUERRAS MEXICAS SEGÚN LAS FUENTES AZTECAS NOS LAS PRESENTAN. ENTALES ARGUMENTOS ES POSIBLE RECONOCER, ADEMÁS DE LA INTENCIONALIDAD POLÍTICA DE LEGITIMAR LA AGRESIÓN DESCARGANDO SOBRE LOS OTROS LA RESPONSABILIDAD DE LA GUERRA, LA CONFLUENCIA DE FACTORES ECONÓMICOS Y POLÍTICOS EN LA EXPAN- SIÓN MEXICA. PALABRAS CLAVE: Fuentes, narración, Imperio contribution here refers to casus belli, or the Azteca, guerra, ideología, propaganda. events which were alleged in the Aztec sources as a justification of the Mexica wars. In such argu- ABSTRACT: We propose here a consideration ments, a premeditated political legitimation of the about the Aztec sources as a literary narration, in aggression can be recognised as well as a con- order to recognise their literary and fictitious fluence of economic and political factors in the component, identifying the narrative stereotypes Mexica expansion. used, and stablishing the needed distance between the narration and the real historical facts, which KEY WORDS: Sources, narration, Aztec Empire, are -
Ancient Nahuatl Poetry - Brinton's Library of Aboriginal American Literature Number VII
Ancient Nahuatl Poetry - Brinton's Library of Aboriginal American Literature Number VII. Daniel G. Brinton The Project Gutenberg EBook of Ancient Nahuatl Poetry, by Daniel G. Brinton This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: Ancient Nahuatl Poetry Brinton's Library of Aboriginal American Literature Number VII. Author: Daniel G. Brinton Release Date: April 30, 2004 [EBook #12219] Language: (English and Nahuatl) Character set encoding: ASCII *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ANCIENT NAHUATL POETRY *** Produced by David Starner, GF Untermeyer and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team [* Transcriber's note: The following substitutions have been made for diacritical marks in the original text which are not available at DP: For vowels with a breve: [)a], [)e], [)i], [)o], [)u]. For vowels with a macron: [=a], [=e], [=i], [=o], [=u]. *] ANCIENT NAHUATL POETRY, CONTAINING THE NAHUATL TEXT OF XXVII ANCIENT MEXICAN POEMS. BRITON'S LIBRARY OF ABORIGINAL AMERICAN LITERATURE, NUMBER VII. WITH A TRANSLATION, INTRODUCTION, NOTES AND VOCABULARY. BY DANIEL G. BRINTON 1890 PREFACE. It is with some hesitation that I offer this volume to the scientific public. The text of the ancient songs which it contains offers extreme and peculiar difficulties to the translator, and I have been obliged to pursue the task without assistance of any kind. Not a line of them has ever before been rendered into an European tongue, and my endeavors to obtain aid from some of the Nahuatl scholars of Mexico have, for various reasons, proved ineffectual. -
The Myths of Mexico and Peru
THE MYTHS OF MEXICO AND PERU by Lewis Spence (1913) This material has been reconstructed from various unverified sources of very poor quality and reproduction by Campbell M Gold CMG Archives http://campbellmgold.com --()-- 1 Contents Contents .................................................................................................................................................. 2 Illustrations .............................................................................................................................................. 3 Map of the Valley of Mexico ................................................................................................................ 3 Ethnographic Map of Mexico ............................................................................................................... 4 Detail of Ethnographic Map of Mexico ................................................................................................. 5 Empire of the Incas .............................................................................................................................. 6 Preface .................................................................................................................................................... 7 Chapter 1 - The Civilisation of Mexico .................................................................................................... 9 Chapter 2 - Mexican Mythology ........................................................................................................... -
Cuauhnahuac Ante La Hegemonía Tepaneca 1 Introducción: La
CUAUHNAHUAC ANTE LA HEGEMONÍA TEPANECA 1 CARLOS SANTAMARINA NOVILLO Introducción: la hegemonía de Azcapotzalco En nuestro trabajo de tesis doctoral, a partir del marco político azteca genéricamente considerado, hemos tratado de determinar la extensión del imperio dirigido desde Azcapotzalco, las relaciones que unían a los diversos tlatocayotl sometidos con la metrópoli y cómo fue posible el triunfo de los insurgentes en la guerra tepaneca. Para ello, hemos definido previamente el problema de la que hemos denominado “política posconquista”, concepto con el cual nos quere- mos preguntar acerca de las medidas tomadas por el altepetl dominan- te tras haber sometido —mediante el uso efectivo o no de la violencia militar— a otro altepetl, de modo que ese estado de dominación fuera estable en el tiempo y contribuyera al engrandecimiento de la unidad política hegemónica.2 Nuestra propuesta consiste en estudiar las va- riantes políticas que nos ofrecen los diferentes estudios de caso, como el del país tlahuica que nos ocupa en el presente artículo. Una primera cuestión que está en el principio de nuestra conside- ración sobre el imperio tepaneca es el grado en que forma parte de una estructura política tradicional, común a otras realidades históricas si- milares del área, el que hemos denominado como sistema de domina- ción azteca. 1 Este artículo es producto de la tesis doctoral presentada por el autor en la Univer- sidad Complutense de Madrid, la cual fue aceptada para su publicación por la Fundación Universitaria Española con el título El sistema de dominación azteca. El imperio tepaneca. Agradezco los comentarios críticos de José Luis de Rojas y Michael E. -
Truhanería Y Sexualidad:" Techalotl" Entre Los Nahuas Prehispánicos
Agnieszka Brylak (Universidad de Varsovia) TRUHANERÍA Y SEXUALIDAD: TECHALOTL ENTRE LOS NAHUAS PREHISPÁNICOS Resumen: El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar un estudio preliminar del dios prehispánico nahua llamado Techalotl. En la primera parte se identifi ca al avatar animal de esta deidad, que en las fuentes coloniales oscila entre ardilla, zorrillo y topo, y que al mismo tiempo comparte muchas de sus características con el tlacuache. El siguiente paso consiste en cotejar los escasos datos acerca de Techalotl provenientes de los documentos pictográfi cos y alfabéticos del centro de México para determinar el campo de acción de dicho dios. Se observa que este a nivel iconográfi co se parece a los “dioses cinco” o macuiltonaleque, lo que le vincula con el ámbito de bailes, cantos, espectáculos, burlas (de ahí su descripción como “dios de los truhanes”) y excesos. Este último aspecto se traduce, entre otros, en su relación con la sexualidad y la transgresión, que se puede percibir a partir del contexto festivo en el que aparece la fi gura del representante de esta deidad, así como en el simbolismo de ardilla entre los nahuas y, más ampliamente, en Mesoamérica, que perdura hasta el día de hoy en varias comunidades indígenas. Palabras clave: ardilla, sexualidad, espectáculo, deidad, nahuas, cosmovisión Title: Buff oonery and Sexuality: Techalotl among the Pre-Hispanic Nahuas Abstract: Th e aim of the present paper is to carry out a preliminary study of the Nahua pre- Hispanic god called Techalotl. Th e fi rst part focuses on the animal avatar of this deity, whose identifi cation in colonial sources ranges from squirrel to skunk and mole, and which, at the same time, shares many characteristics with the opossum. -
Encounter with the Plumed Serpent
Maarten Jansen and Gabina Aurora Pérez Jiménez ENCOUNTENCOUNTEERR withwith thethe Drama and Power in the Heart of Mesoamerica Preface Encounter WITH THE plumed serpent i Mesoamerican Worlds From the Olmecs to the Danzantes GENERAL EDITORS: DAVÍD CARRASCO AND EDUARDO MATOS MOCTEZUMA The Apotheosis of Janaab’ Pakal: Science, History, and Religion at Classic Maya Palenque, GERARDO ALDANA Commoner Ritual and Ideology in Ancient Mesoamerica, NANCY GONLIN AND JON C. LOHSE, EDITORS Eating Landscape: Aztec and European Occupation of Tlalocan, PHILIP P. ARNOLD Empires of Time: Calendars, Clocks, and Cultures, Revised Edition, ANTHONY AVENI Encounter with the Plumed Serpent: Drama and Power in the Heart of Mesoamerica, MAARTEN JANSEN AND GABINA AURORA PÉREZ JIMÉNEZ In the Realm of Nachan Kan: Postclassic Maya Archaeology at Laguna de On, Belize, MARILYN A. MASSON Life and Death in the Templo Mayor, EDUARDO MATOS MOCTEZUMA The Madrid Codex: New Approaches to Understanding an Ancient Maya Manuscript, GABRIELLE VAIL AND ANTHONY AVENI, EDITORS Mesoamerican Ritual Economy: Archaeological and Ethnological Perspectives, E. CHRISTIAN WELLS AND KARLA L. DAVIS-SALAZAR, EDITORS Mesoamerica’s Classic Heritage: Teotihuacan to the Aztecs, DAVÍD CARRASCO, LINDSAY JONES, AND SCOTT SESSIONS Mockeries and Metamorphoses of an Aztec God: Tezcatlipoca, “Lord of the Smoking Mirror,” GUILHEM OLIVIER, TRANSLATED BY MICHEL BESSON Rabinal Achi: A Fifteenth-Century Maya Dynastic Drama, ALAIN BRETON, EDITOR; TRANSLATED BY TERESA LAVENDER FAGAN AND ROBERT SCHNEIDER Representing Aztec Ritual: Performance, Text, and Image in the Work of Sahagún, ELOISE QUIÑONES KEBER, EDITOR The Social Experience of Childhood in Mesoamerica, TRACI ARDREN AND SCOTT R. HUTSON, EDITORS Stone Houses and Earth Lords: Maya Religion in the Cave Context, KEITH M. -
Metáforas, Metonimias Y Digrafi Smos En La Parte Central
INSTITUTO DE ESTUDIOS IBÉRICOS E IBEROAMERICANOS UNIVERSIDAD DE VARSOVIA ITINERARIOS Revista de estudios lingüísticos, literarios, históricos y antropológicos Vol. 20 Varsovia 2014 Angélica Baena Ramírez METÁFORAS, METONIMIAS Y DIGRAFISMOS EN LA PARTE CENTRAL DEL CÓDICE BORGIA !29"32# Resumen: El Códice Borgia es un libro adivinatorio o tonalamatl . La parte central de este códice es única en su tipo, ya que no tiene ningún paralelo con ningún otro códice. A través del estudio de los difrasismos o digra% smos que aparecen en las imágenes (láminas 29-32), este artículo complementará el conocimiento que se tiene de la parte central de este códice, complementando o apartándose de las interpretaciones previas. El estudio de los digra% smos ayuda a entender, además, la con% guración del lenguaje visual en el México Antiguo. Palabras clave: difrasismo, digra% smo, Códice Borgia, imágenes, religión mesoamericana Title: Metaphors, Metonymies and Digraphisms in the Central Part of Codex Borgia (29-32) Abstract: * e Codex Borgia is a divinatory book or tonalamatl. * e central part of the Codex Borgia is unique because this information only appears in this tonalamatl. In order to understand better these images, I will explain the digraphisms in Codex Borgia (pages 29-32). * is work proposes that the study of diphrasisms and digraphisms will lead us a better understanding on how the visual language worked in the Ancient Mexico. Palabras clave: diphrasisms, digraphisms, Codex Borgia , images, mesoamerican religion ITINERARIOS VOL. 20 / 2014 200 Angélica Baena Ramírez INTRODUCCIÓN Las láminas centrales del Códice Borgia 1 han sido muy enigmáticas para los investiga- dores, debido a que no existen pasajes paralelos en otros códices con contenido similar 2. -
Classroom Activity Pictorial Language: Mesoamerican Reading
Classroom Activity Pictorial Language: Mesoamerican Reading and Writing ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Enduring Understanding The basic unit of pictorial language is the pictogram, a graphic symbol that represents an idea or concept. Pictorial language, although an ancient tradition, is still employed in colloquialisms today. Grades K–12 Time One class period Visual Art Concepts Symbol, meaning, representation, communication, Materials Paper and pencils. Optional: colored pencils Talking about Art Pictorial language, or an ideographic writing system is a method of communication based on the ideogram/pictogram. An ideogram is a symbol that represents an idea or concept, while a pictogram conveys meaning through realistic resemblance. These symbols, unique to every ancient civilization, formed a hieroglyphic dictionary for Mesoamerican scribes. Much of the history of Mesoamerica can be traced through their pictorial language, independently developed around 950 and widely adopted throughout southern Mexico by 1300. It was used to record and preserve the history, genealogy, and mythology of Mixtec, Nahua, and Zapotec cultures and appears most prominently in painted books called codices. (For more information about codices and for tips on how to create one, see the accompanying lesson plan Create Your Lord Eight Deer Own Codex.) View and discuss the Codex Nuttal, Mexico, Western Oaxaca, 15th–16th century. What is going on here? Who are the characters? What is the setting? What action is taking place? How did the scribe or artist use line, shape, space, color, and composition to tell the story? This codex tells the story of Lord Eight Deer, an epic Mixtec conqueror and cult hero who lived between 1063 and 1115. -
Aztec Deities
A ztec Z T E C Deities E I T I E S Aztec Z T E C Deities E I T I Figurte 1 “Roland's Friend: 2002” E S Other Works ™ ramblin/rose publications My Father's Room The Four Season's of the Master Myth If Only…A collaboration with Bill Pearlman Mexican Vibrations, Vibraciones Méxicanas Mexican Secrets, Estrangement and Once Again…Alone; with poems by Bill Pearlman Twenty A Magical Number with Tonalphalli: The Count of Fate & Convergence: 2002 CD/DVD: Gods, Land & People of Mexico Con tu permiso: Dioes, Tierra y Gente de México CD/DVD: Work in Progress: The Four Seasons of the Master Myth Books can be downloaded free: www.salazargallery.com www.E-artbooks.com Aztec Z T E C Deities E I T I Figurte 1 “Roland's Friend: 2002” E S Roland Salazar Rose ™ PUBLISHED BY RAMBLIN/ROSE PUBLICATIONS Images Copyright Roland Salazar Rose 2000-2008 All content, identified in this book “Aztec Deities” published 2008, marked by this notice: “1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 & 11” are “from Wikipedia®, the free encyclopedia and are considered “copyleft”; therefore the following copyright notice applies to each and every page of written text so identified by “1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10&11”. “Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. -
Archaeological Resources in Mexico, and (B) a Lengthy Practical Experience in the Process of Exploiting and Conserving the Same
Preface This study addresses the topic of conservation of archaeological heritage in Mexico, the manner and context in which it has developed, its relationship with government institutions, and very specifically the identification of social elements or actors in the processes of destruction or conservation which affect this collective resource. I decided to bundle in this work both the analysis of various aspects of current issues in conservation and the preparation of a proposal to study the management of archaeological resources in a systematic manner at the national level. This stems essentially from reflections both theoretical and practical which emerge from a professional life developed within institutional or "official" archaeology in Mexico. From this flows a need and urge to set the topic in an appropriate academic context. These reflections flow from settings of serious danger and frustration experienced in the field while trying to put in practice an array of institutional programs, projects, and assignments which have as a common objective the official version of archaeological heritage conservation. In effect I argue here the traditional manner of addressing the conservation of this heritage is inadequate and obsolete, essentially an ongoing process of improvisation to address the conflict-laden character of the social circumstances which envelop Mexico's cultural heritage. The institutional structure charged by law with the conservation of archaeological monuments has demonstrated on repeated occasions its inadequacy to complete its objective. This is attributable to a series of fundamental contradictions which exist between the formal practice of archaeology and the political reality in which it, as an institution, is imbedded. -
ANTIGUOS TIANQUIZTLI, NUEVOS TIANGUIS: CAMBIOS EN LOS MERCADOS Y EL COMERCIO EN LA CIUDAD DE MÉXICO EN EL SIGLO XVI Tesis Doctoral Dirigida Por
UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA Departamento de Historia de América II (Antropología de América) ANTIGUOS TIANQUIZTLI, NUEVOS TIANGUIS : CAMBIOS EN LOS MERCADOS Y EL COMERCIO EN LA CIUDAD DE MÉXICO EN EL SIGLO XVI MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Beatriz Fernández Rubio Bajo la dirección del doctor José Luis de Rojas y Gutiérrez de Gandarilla Madrid, 2014 © Beatriz Fernández Rubio, 2013 UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID DEPARTAMENTO DE HISTORIA DE AMÉRICA II (ANTROPOLOGÍA DE AMÉRICA) BEATRIZ RUBIO FERNÁNDEZ ANTIGUOS TIANQUIZTLI, NUEVOS TIANGUIS: CAMBIOS EN LOS MERCADOS Y EL COMERCIO EN LA CIUDAD DE MÉXICO EN EL SIGLO XVI Tesis doctoral dirigida por DR. JOSÉ LUIS DE ROJAS Y GUTIÉRREZ DE GANDARILLA MADRID 2013 Tianguis de San Hipólito Tianguis de Tianguis de San Juan Juan Velázquez Calzada de Tianguis Monasterio de Tacuba de México San Francisco Calle de San Francisco Tianguis de Monasterio de Tlatelolco Monasterio de Santo Domingo San Agustín Calle de Santo Domingo Calle de San Plaza Agustín Plaza Menor Mayor Acequia Localización de las calles, plazas y tianguis de la ciudad de México. Mapa de la ciudad de México y Tlatelolco (ca. 1550). Universidad de Uppsala. 1 2 A mis abuelas y abuelos 3 4 Lo contrario es creer que la Historia se para. De modo que, necesariamente, algo va a ocurrir. Nosotros no somos los últimos, la historia sigue adelante. José Luis Sampedro, Carne Cruda Mort creyó que la Historia iba por ahí revolviéndose como una guindaleza de acero destensada, que entre tañidos recorría la realidad en grandes movimientos destructivos. -
Land, Water, and Government in Santiago Tlatelolco
ABSTRACT This dissertation discusses conflicts over land and water in Santiago Tlatelolco, an indigenous community located in Mexico City, in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. The specific purpose of this study is to analyze the strategies that the indigenous government and indigenous people in general followed in the defense of their natural resources in order to distinguish patterns of continuity and innovation. The analysis covers several topics; first, a comparison and contrast between Mesoamerican and colonial times of the adaptation to the lacustrine environment in which Santiago Tlatelolco was located. This is followed by an examination of the conflicts that Santiago Tlatelolco had with neighboring indigenous communities and individuals who allied themselves with Spaniards. The objective of this analysis is to discern how indigenous communities in the basin of central Mexico used the Spanish legal system to create a shift in power that benefitted their communities. The next part of the dissertation focuses on the conflicts over land and water experienced by a particular group: women. This perspective provides insight into the specific life experience of the inhabitants of Santiago Tlatelolco during Mesoamerican and colonial times. It also highlights the impact that indigenous people had in the Spanish colonial organization and the response of Spanish authorities to the increasing indigenous use of the legal system. The final part discusses the evolution of indigenous government in Santiago Tlatelolco from Mesoamerican to colonial rulership. This section focuses on the role of indigenous rulers in Mexico City public works, especially the hydraulic system, in the recollection of tribute, and, above all, in the legal conflicts over land and water.