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Cyber Blockades: Towards a Theory of Informational Warfare in the Digital Era

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Cyber Blockades: Towards a Theory of Informational Warfare in the Digital Era Cyber Blockades: Towards a Theory of Informational Warfare in the Digital Era A Thesis Presented to the Faculty Of The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy By Alison Shirin Lawlor Russell In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy July 2012 Dissertation Committee Dr. Andrew C. Hess, Chair Dr. William C. Martel Dr. Robert L. Pfaltzgraff, Jr. 1 Copyright 2012, Alison Russell i Alison Shirin Lawlor Russell Born Boston, Massachusetts, 1980 EDUCATION The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy Medford, MA Ph.D. in International Relations 2009-2012 • Dissertation title: Cyber Blockades: Towards a Theory of Informational Warfare in the Digital Era • Doctoral Committee: Andrew C. Hess (chair), William C. Martel, and Robert L. Pfaltzgraff, Jr. • Fields of Study: Political Systems and Theories, Southwest Asia and Islamic Civilization • Additional coursework: o The Institute for Qualitative and Multi-Method Research (IQMR), The Consortium of Qualitative Research Methods, Syracuse University, June 2011 American University Washington, DC M.A. in International Affairs 2002- 2004 • Concentration: Comparative Politics • Fields of Study: Middle East Regional Studies, Economic Development • Comprehensive examination: Passed, with distinction • Master’s Thesis: Syria under Bashar al Assad: Domestic and Foreign Policy Challenges Boston College Chestnut Hill, MA B.A. in Political Science and French Language and Literature 1998- 2002 • Concentration in Middle Eastern Studies International Education and Language Training • Intensive Arabic, Tufts University Summer Program, 2010 • The Arabic Teaching Institute for Non-Arabic Speakers in Damascus, Syria, 2003 • Middlebury College Arabic Language program in Vermont, 2002 • University of Paris III and New York University in France, 2001 • Al Akhawayn University in Morocco, 2000 RESEARCH INTERESTS Cyber blockades, cyber security, cyber code of conduct, global communication networks, collective/cooperative security, U.S. national security strategy, U.S. foreign policy, Middle East, North Africa, Arabian Gulf, naval/maritime cooperation RESEARCH EXPERIENCE Fletcher Cyber Policy Working Group, MIT Lincoln Laboratory Medford, MA Researcher 2011-Present • Researched the development of established codes of conduct in the air, sea, and land domains ii • Drafted an international code of conduct for cyberspace Center for Naval Analyses (CNA) Alexandria, VA Research Scientist and Project Director 2004 – Present • Designed complex research projects involving qualitative and quantitative data analysis for DOD and other US government agencies • Conducted field research in multiple countries in the Middle East, around the world, and aboard USN ships, using qualitative, quantitative, and multi-methods research tools • Advised senior flag officers at the Pentagon on international engagement issues, also collaborated with flag officers, senior executive service members, and corporate VPs • Presented formal briefings on a regular basis to senior-level US and foreign decision-makers: one set of recommendations formed the basis of the force structure plans of the Iraqi Navy • Led research teams of staff with diverse experiences, such as senior researchers, senior naval officers, and junior research staff members • Conducted planning and operational analyses of military exercises and war games • Managed budgets and timelines for multiple projects simultaneously Research Areas • International cooperation and collective security : Iraqi Navy capability requirements and future force structure recommendations; developing partner nations’ maritime capability and capacity; UAE Navy capability needs and force structure recommendations; US Navy and US Coast Guard integration efforts for theater security cooperation • Strategic planning : U.S. Navy’s strategic priorities for partnering with non- traditional navies; U.S. Navy’s engagement strategy; medical humanitarian civic assistance (HCA) missions and partnerships with non-governmental organizations (NGO); U.S. Navy’s foreign area officer (FAO) community; maritime security as a notional warfare area • International and domestic politics in the Middle East : Syria’s relationship with Hizballah; the Syrian Ba’th Party and its ties to Iraq; Iraqi Navy’s prospects and pitfalls for development; strategic assessment of social, political, economic, and military environments in Middle Eastern countries The Fletcher School, Tufts University Medford, MA Research Assistant for Southwest Asia Program Summer, 2010 • Designed an academic curriculum for a graduate program in international relations at Dar al Hekma University, a new women’s college in Saudi Arabia. Curriculum decisions included course selections/options, distribution of fields of study, and overall program and degree requirements • Created syllabi for several graduate courses in International Relations, including a research design and methodology course TEACHING EXPERIENCE The Fletcher School, Tufts University Medford, MA Teaching Assistant for Data Analysis and Statistical Methods 2010-Present iii • Graduate course on statistics, including hypothesis testing and multivariate regression analysis • Taught review sessions for 30+ students, and conducted one-on-one tutoring T.A. for Data Analysis and Statistical Methods for Business 2011-Present • Graduate course on statistics, including hypothesis testing, binomial distribution, and multivariate regression analysis • Taught review sessions for 30+ students, and conducted one-on-one tutoring T.A. for History of the Turks and the Global Politics of Eurasia 2011-2012 • Graduate course on the complex history, politics, and culture of Turkish-speaking people of Central Asia • Focus on war, migration, religion, technology, disease, trading networks, and modern state development, as well as the role of nomads and urbanites in the conflicts and exchanges between Turkish, Chinese, and Indo-European speaking peoples T.A. for Globalization of Central Asia and the Caucasus 2010- 2011 • Graduate course on history, politics, and culture of Central Asia and the Caucasus • Focus on post-Soviet transitions, Islamic traditions, transnational crime, and social change CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS Security in Cyberspace: Targeting Nations, Infrastructure, Individuals Italy Participant January 2012 • Participated in a week-long conference focused on international threats and challenges to security in cyberspace • Organized as the 25 th annual conference by International School on Disarmament and Research on Conflict (ISODARCO), an Italian pugwash organization Middle East Conference Washington, DC Participant April 2011 • Participated in a multi-day scenario-driven event with regional experts to explore issues of stability and conflict in the Middle East Gulf Commanders’ Conference Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Presenter March 2009 • Presented on maritime border security efforts in the Arabian Gulf to international audience of senior military officers, analysts, journalists, and defense corporations Maritime Security Conference Alexandria, VA Presenter January 2008 Presented on the potential to make maritime security operations a new warfare area for the US Navy Global Navy Policy and Planners’ Conference Monterey, CA iv Presenter October 2006 Presented on global maritime security cooperation assessment tools to audience of flag and senior naval officers ACADEMIC PUBLICATIONS Alison Russell and David M. Caterious, Jr., “Counternarcotics efforts and Afghan poppy famers: Finding the right approach,” High-Value Natural Resources and Post- Conflict Peacebuilding , eds. Paivi Lujala and Siri Aas Rustad, 2012, (Environmental Law Institute and United Nations Environment Programme, New York), 467-490. Alison Russell and David M. Caterious, Jr., “Counternarcotics efforts and Afghan poppy famers: Finding the right approach,” Harnessing Natural Resources for Peacebuilding: Lessons from U.S. and Japanese Assistance , eds. Carl Bruch, Mikiyasu Nakayama, and Ilona Coyle, 2011, (Environmental Law Institute, Washington, DC) 23-46. Alison Lawlor. “Iraqi Navy: 1991-2003,” Encyclopedia of Modern Middle East Wars: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Iraq, and Afghanistan Conflicts , 2010, (ABC-CLIO/Greenwood). Alison Lawlor. “Iraq Sanctions Act of 1990,” Encyclopedia of Modern Middle East Wars: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Iraq, and Afghanistan Conflicts , 2010, (ABC-CLIO/Greenwood). Alison Lawlor. “Syria Under Bashar al Assad: Domestic and Foreign Policy Challenges,” Swords and Ploughshares , Spring 2004, (American University, School of International Service Academic Journal). SELECTED POLICY-RELATED PUBLICATIONS John Bowler, Ken Gause, John McLain, Alison Russell, and Christopher Steinitz. Maritime Infrastructure Protection in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries , October 2009, (CNA Research Memorandum). Ken Gause and Alison Lawlor. United Arab Emirates Navy: Capability Needs and Force Structure Recommendations for the Next Decade , October 2009, (CNA Research Memorandum). Amanda Kraus, Hayden Kwast, and Alison Lawlor. NGO Participation in Navy-led Health-Related HCA Missions: A Suggested Planning Framework , November 2008, (CNA Research Memorandum D0018127.A4). Alison Lawlor and Eric Thompson. Iraqi Navy: Capability Requirements and Force Structure Recommendations 2015 and Beyond , January 2008 (CNA Research Memorandum D0017253.A2/Final). Alison Lawlor, Eric Thompson, and Patricio Asfura-Heim. Iraqi Navy: Pitfalls and Prospects for Development, January 2008
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