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Spatial Structure of Investment and Population Settlement in Krasnoyarsk Region: Do They Correspond to Each Other?

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Spatial Structure of Investment and Population Settlement in Krasnoyarsk Region: Do They Correspond to Each Other? View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Siberian Federal University Digital Repository Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 1 (2012 5) 112-126 ~ ~ ~ УДК 332.146:330.322 Spatial Structure of Investment and Population Settlement in Krasnoyarsk Region: do they Correspond to Each Other? Evgenia B. Bukharova, Irina P. Vorontsova and Valentina F. Lapo* Siberian Federal University 79 Svobodny, Krasnoyarsk, 660041 Russia 1 Received 4.11.2012, received in revised form 11.11.2012, accepted 16.12.2012 The present article analyses the tendencies in the territorial structure of investments into the economy of Krasnoyarsk region by branches, kinds of activity and sources of financing. It studies to what degree the structure of investment corresponds to the developed territorial structure of population settlement over the territory of the region. The article reveals the basic tendencies, arising problems and consequences of the territorial disproportions. Keywords: investments, population, territorial structure The present research was carried out as a part of project “Scenarios of macroeconomic development of Krasnoyarsk region till the year 2020 in the conditions of demographic crises and social-demographic asymmetry, and invention of some innovative models of economic growth” supported by project KF-99 financed by Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund for Supporting Scientific Research and Technical Research Activities. Introduction extension of the territory of the region from the The territory of Krasnoyarsk region situated north to the south, its climatic conditions also in the valley of the river Yenisei, covers a great part vary from the most kindly for settlement in the of West Siberian plain, East Siberian highland, central and southern areas till the arctic climatic Yenisei ridge, Altai and Sayan mountains, and zone in the northern areas. The length of the stretches to the shores of the Arctic ocean. The main water artery of the region, the river Yenisei, territory of the region covers 2355,8 thousand which flows from the south to the north, is 4092 square kilometres. It extends from the north to kilometres. Just like the Yenisei, almost all of the south for 3000 kilometres and covers several the rivers of the region are deep, navigable and climatic zones: arctic, tundra, taiga, which is suitable for constructing hydro power stations. the major part of the region’s territory, forest According to the Krasnoyarsk Statistic Service, steppe and steppe zones. The vast territory is the population of the region is more than 2893 rich in various natural resources. Due to the great thousand people. * Corresponding author E-mail address: [email protected] 1 © Siberian Federal University. All rights reserved – 112 – Evgenia B. Bukharova, Irina P. Vorontsova… Spatial Structure of Investment and Population Settlement in Krasnoyarsk… Over a long period of time, the spatial This mix of various tendencies has lead to structure of the Krasnoyarsk region economy the population being distributed in the region in has been developing divergently, with different a spotted manner. The majority of settlements is factors dominating certain development stages: located in the central and southern areas of the the need for natural and mineral resources, the region, along the water and traffic arteries. The need for energy resources, meeting the general main cities of the region are concentrated in 10 needs of the population. Several main tendencies per cent of the territory, with 82 per cent of the of territory development can be pointed out: population living there. The exception is Norilsk – development of the forest resources; city that is an isolated urban complex situated – development of the mineral resources; beyond the Arctic circle, with the population of – industrialization and development of the about 176 thousand people. The main part of the industrial capacity; rural population (about 95 per cent) is settled in – agricultural development. the territory to the south from the Angara, which Development of forest resources resulted in counts up to 21 per cent of the region territory. the foundation of many settlements in the taiga The negative processes that occurred during area of the region. Some of the towns were formed the after-reform period also left their mark on the as logistic centres of the forest resources supply, spatial structure of the region economy. In the and as centres of processing the forest resources. beginning of the reforms in the regions of Siberia Agricultural production is concentrated in the and the Far East, an intensive outflow of the regions that enjoy better climatic conditions and population began. Since the 90s of the past century, form a farming zone in the central, western, the population of the region has been decreasing eastern and southern parts of the region. In the 90s along with the change of the population settlement of the previous century, along with the intensive pattern. The decrease in agricultural production process of industrialization, the processing and depopulation of some rural settlements can industry was developing rapidly along with the be illustrated by the following data: according to extracting industry. As the location of mining the population census carried out in Krasnoyarsk facilities usually depends on the geographic region in the year 2010, there are more than location of the mineral deposits, extracting 120 disbanded settlements with the population industry enterprises have often been built in not exceeding 10 people. The major part of the unpopulated areas without proper infrastructure, disbanded villages and small towns with the railway and other kinds of transport, along with population of 1 to 10 people is concentrated in the severe climate areas like, for example, Norilsk following provinces: Birulussky (9), Yeniseisky city. Processing enterprises have always been (8), Achinsky, Yemelyanovsky, Mansky (7) and concentrated in the cities located in better Nizhneingashsky (6). The decrease of industrial climatic conditions, like Krasnoyarsk, Kansk, production and the close-down of industrial Achinsk, Minusinsk, Lesosibirsk, Sharypovo and enterprises in the cities, the outflow of the other cities. Intensive process of industrialization, population from the rural area and from the development of the extracting industry requires a region as a whole, along with concentration of the stable flow of labour resources. The population working population in the capital of the region of the region grows not only by means of natural are obvious at the moment. increase, but also due to the labour migration of As we can see, the process of development people from other regions. of the region has a contradictory character. – 113 – Evgenia B. Bukharova, Irina P. Vorontsova… Spatial Structure of Investment and Population Settlement in Krasnoyarsk… Though, in its turn, it has considerably influenced We regard the “KATEK” coal mine the spatial structure of the population settlement engineering company and the Kingash ore cluster that has formed itself by the year 2011. What as a part of the faster growth zone of the Eastern is the future of the regional economy? How subregion; its basic branches of industry, such will the spatial structure of the population as nuclear chemistry, wood processing and food settlement change due to the territorial changes industry, still do not lose their significance. The in the economical structure of the region? It is development of the Western subregion is closely important to analyse, how the spatial structure of connected with the development of “KATEK”, region economy development and the territorial along with the basic branches of thermal settlement structure correspond to each other. engineering, agriculture, machine engineering, We will try to find out whether the economic non-ferrous metal industry and food industry. development perspectives and the present spatial The Southern subregion traditionally specializes structure of the population settlement match each in agriculture and food industries, electrical other. engineering, thermal engineering, extracting and processing iron ores, gold extraction. Methods The development perspectives are connected The analysis is broken down by “subregions” with the construction of Kuragino-Kyzyl railway outlined in the territory of the region: Central, and with the development of recreation, sports Western, Eastern, Southern, Angara (Lower and tourism areas in “Ergaki” park and “Borus” Angara region) and Northern subregions; the list centre of winter sports. The perspectives of of the subregions is presented in the appendix, the Angara subregion are connected with the table A1. Each of the subregions has its own industrial development of the Lower Angara historically formed specialization and upcoming area, construction of Boguchany and Motygino trends of faster growth (see table A2). Hydro Power Stations, construction of non- The faster growth zone in the Central ferrous metal enterprises and development of subregion is the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration, wood processing industry. The perspectives of the which includes non-ferrous metals, power Northern subregion are extracting oil and gas and industry, wood processing, machine engineering, non-ferrous metallurgy. Development projects of and food industry enterprises; specialization the Lower Angara area and development of the in high technology branches of industry is Vankor basin are the most promising
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