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INDIA YEARBOOK 1. Prologue RELEASED! 2. The Basics 1. Basic: What does ISRO do? 2. Basics: ISS 3. Basics: Tiangong and Shenzhou 4. Basics: Atlantis Space shuttle 5. Basics: Soyuz spacecraft 6. Basics: spacewalking 7. Basics: Dragon capsule 8. Basics: Anti-satellite missiles http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 1/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal 3. Space programs: India 1. India’s Launch Vehicles: PSLV vs GSLV 2. India’s Satellites: IRS vs INSAT 3. ISRO’s 100th mission 4. India’s own GPS: IRNSS 5. GAGAN 6. Space Vision India 2025 7. Cryogenic Engine

RECENT COMMENT S 8. Chandrayaan-1 9. Mars Mission MSN { even i have not 4. Space programs: USA (NASA) received yet. plz someone 1. USA: MARS related help out if any alternate source to get info on this. } 2. Curiosity – [CAPF] UPSC declares 3. Gale Crater Written Result of 4. Black Beauty Assistant... 5. NASA: Moon related ABHISHEK { mrunal, you 6. Ebb and Flow, Sally Ride are spoon feeding and 7. GRAIL worsening competition!! great job by the way. } – 8. LCROSS [Current] April-Week3-P1: 9. MoonKAMs History, Polity: Suhrawardy- 10. NASA: Misc. Missions Sarat Bose agreement,... http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 2/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal RISHA { lucidly explained 5. Space Programs: Russia article,thanks a lot! } – 6. Space Programs: China [Current] April-Week3-P1: 1. Beidou History, Polity: Suhrawardy- 2. HXMT Sarat Bose agreement,... 3. Shenzhous-10 PRANAV JOSHI { bhaiyon can anyone tell 4. Shenzhous-9 me why credit default 7. Space Programs: Other countries swap is bad?? } – 8. Telescopes [Current] April-Week2-P2: 1. Ground telescopes Economy: IMF Reforms, 2. Square Kilometre Array (SKA) SEBI guideline... 3. Solar telescope PRANAV JOSHI { can 4. Space telescopes anyone tell me why credit default swap is bad?? } – 5. Herschel [Current] April-Week2-P2: 6. HXMT Economy: IMF Reforms, 7. Kepler SEBI guideline... 8. NuSTAR ADITYA { haven't 9. PIN: Persons in News (Space) recieved my call letter for 10. Mock Questions pet yet...... is there any way i can get it online?? Prologue can any one tell me? } – [CAPF] UPSC declares Previous I released two Current Affairs compilations (2012-13) Written Result of Assistant... 1. Persons in news, books, sports, Misc.GK = click me AKASH SINGH { sir 2. Defense, missiles etc= click me. http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 3/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal economics articles Now moving to the third article on the series: Space tech. archives link nt working pleaaase check sir } – For competitive exams, the Space tech is further divided into two parts: [Current] April-Week3-P1: History, Polity: Suhrawardy- Part What? Source Sarat Bose agreement,... 1. Theory KUSHAL { sir ur current Basic info on planets, stars, supernova, big NCERT science textbooks/ GS / static affair series is very bang theory, blackholes etc. Manual / GK books. beneficial for person like me who are jobed thanku 2. Current Various space programs, satellites telescopes, Newspaper, magazine, internet. very much sir } – [Current] affairs astronauts in news. April-Week3-P1: History, Polity: Suhrawardy-Sarat Bose agreement,... When it comes to MCQs (space tech): SHEENA CHOPRA { thnkuuuuu...... sirr } – Both theory and current affairs are important for For SSC CGL (Tier 1), UPSC [Current] April-Week3-P1: CSAT, CDS, NDA, CAPF, State PSC prelims exams. History, Polity: Suhrawardy- However, for IBPS, SBI, LIC type exams, they usually dont go into theory. If they Sarat Bose agreement,... want to ask space related questions, they generally ask it from the current affairs YUVRAJ AWASTHI { i portion. think if u r in dielema that what subject u hv to When it comes to Descriptive paper (Mains) of UPSC / State PSC choose than zoology is best option for u.the For space tech related questions, only current affairs is important (mostly 2 reason for that is... } – marker, 5 marker questions.) The theory portion doesn’t come into picture, in the [Strategy] Zoology Optional descriptive papers. for UPSC Civil service... The best way to prepare ^this (for mains)= maintain notes out of newspapers and http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 4/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal OUTERDELHITIMES { magazines throughout the year, and revise it often. @kamal - thanks for your comments koi salary nahi Mainly there are two types of players in competitive exam (based on their approach for milti foundation course Space-Tech): exemption pe - this is a news for me. as per my 1. Those who donot prepare space tech at all, thinking “Thik hai…for 2-3 marks, why information... } – [Topper's bother at all!?” Interview] Tripti Bhatt (AIR- 2. Those who prepare too much space tech e.g. On April 18, 2001, at 04.22PM, 165/CSE-2012) Working GSLV-1 was launched. Its weight was 1540 kg and height was 49m…. Professional... TARUN { hello everyone Either approach is dangerous. Keep the middle path. can any one suggest me the best book in fast track The Basics objective arithmetic rajesh before dwelling into ready revision of Space-Tech current affairs, I’m going to write verma and practice book about a few basic concepts. on quicker maths 1st edition... } – [IBPS-SPL] IT- Please note: following ‘basics’ are not necessarily technically correct. They’re just Specialist officer previous meant to help you visualize and remember things. question papers from... Basic: What does ISRO do? SAI ABHISHEK { dear gayu, don't go by 1. When something is sent to space, it can be Manned (with astronauts) or clockwise/anti-clock wise Unmanned (without astronauts). directions as those 2. The unmanned missions have two things: perceptions are pretty much confusing with the Examples context/statements of the problem and your sense One Launch Vehicle PSLV, GSLV of... } – [Aptitude] Logical http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 5/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal Arrangement : Circular / One or More Satellite(s) INSAT, RISAT, CARTOSAT. Round...

MUKESH { thanx mrunal sometimes, instead of satellites, it can be rovers, space telescopes. sid. it will really help the aspirants. } – [Current] The Launch Vehicle (e.g. PSLV, GSLV) sends the satellite(s) into the space. April-Week3-P1: History, After covering a particular distance, the satellite (e.g. INSAT, GISAT) gets Polity: Suhrawardy-Sarat detached from the Launch Vehicle. Bose agreement,... Then Satellite opens up its wings like a butterfly from cocoon. Those wings have RAHIL { can any one tell solar panels, they provide electricity to the satellite. me how, what and where Satellite rotates around the earth and sends signals to and fro- thus it helps in to study science and technology section for gs telecommunication, TV signal broadcasting, disaster/weather monitoring, sea (mains)..plz share your navigation etc. wise suggestion...? } – If we put the satellite @35800 km in the equatorial plane, it’ll appear “fixed” from [Current] April-Week3-P1: any point on earth, and we’ll call it a Geostationary satellite. History, Polity: Suhrawardy- And the Launch vehicle then returns back to Earth, usually falling in the ocean or Sarat Bose agreement,... uninhibited land. The scientists collect the launch vehicle and re-use its parts for Older » next mission.

Basics: ISS

ISS= International space station. ISS is like a hostel in the space. Astronauts go there, stay for some weeks/ months do some observation, research, repairwork and come back home. US, Japan, Russia, Canada and many other countries have invested in this ISS space station. But China is not a partner in ISS project. China wants to build its own Space http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 6/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal station. That’s were Shenzhous-9 and Tiangong-1 come into picture.

Basics: Tiangong and Shenzhou

Tiangong-1= means “heavenly palace”. This is China’s experimental space station. So this is the “hostel” for Chinese astronauts in space. Ok but how will you send Chinese astronauts to this “heavenly palace”? Ans. Via Shenzhou spacecraft. Shenzhou means “Divine vessel.” In 2012, China used this “divine vessel” (Shenzhou 9) to send its first female astronaut Liu Yang to that “Heavenly palace” (Tiangong-1) In 2013, China will send more astronauts to that Heavenly palace (Tiangong-1), using Shenzhou 10.

Basics: Atlantis Space shuttle

Ok recap again, to send satellites in the space, you need a launch vehicle (e.g. PSLV, GSLV). Similarly to send people into space, you need a space craft / rocket e.g. China’s Shenzhou. America’s Atlantis and Russia’s Soyuz also do the same thing. The Atlantis is a space shuttle of NASA. It looks like an airplane. Atlantis can be used for launching space telescopes, satellites as well as people in to the space, as per the mission requirements. And Atlantis can come back and land on earth like a regular airplane (except that during the landing, Atlantis will open parachute to reduce its speed). http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 7/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal It had carried 33 missions from 1985 to 2011 Atlantis was retired in 2012. Columbia is another example of NASA’s Space Shuttle. But in 2003, it crashed during re-entering into Earth’s atmosphere. India born female astronaut Kalpana Chawla died in this accident. We named our Weather satellite after her (KALPANA-1).

Basics: Soyuz spacecraft

Just like China uses “divine vessel” (Shenzhou) to send people into space, similarly Russia uses Soyuz to send people into space. In 2012, three astronauts (including Sunita Williams) were sent to International space station (ISS) using Soyuz.

Basics: spacewalking

There are two types of missions/probes: Manned and unmanned. Manned = sending people into space. But what do people do in the space? They go to moon, hoist the flag of their nations, E.g. Neil Armstrong. They spend a few months on the international space station (ISS) or Heavenly Palace (Tiangong) or similar “hostel” (space station. E.g. India’s first astronaut Rakesh Sharma spent 8 days in a Russian space station. But often the outside body a spacecraft/hostel (space station) requires some repairing, maintenance or upgrades. So, when astronaut goes out of the spacecraft, wearing that white suit and ballon http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 8/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal shaped helmet and does some walking/repairing work, that is known as “spacewalk”. Currently Sunita Williams holds the longest spacewalk record for females. (50+ hours). For males, it is Anatoly Solovyev (77+ hours). By the way, Sunita Williams also holds the record for the longest single spaceflight by a woman. (195 days).

Basics: Dragon capsule

Ok so far we know there are “hostels” in the space (e.g. ISS, Tiangong). People go there, spend a few weeks / months. But if it is a hostel, it’d require food and supplies. A private company (Space X) has designed the “Dragon capsule” to deliver the food and supplies to space stations. It successfully delivered cargo to ISS space station in 2012.

Basics: Anti-satellite missiles

We have learned the importance of launch vehicles, satellites and space stations. But if an enemy shoots down our satellites then our banking and sharemarket system will collapse, Our army, navy and airforce will not be able to attack back effectively, and more importantly juntaa will not be able to watch IPL matches and saas-bahu serials or log into facebook and orkut. Back in 2007, Chinese military used an Anti-Satellite missile to destroy its own weather satellite. This made Americans (and Indians) very nervous. But we have Agni-V missile. It has range of 5000kms. If we make some http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 9/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal modifications in it, we can also use it to destroy enemy satellites. So now China is also nervous.

Basics part is over. now let’s get to business: Space Tech related current affairs (2012-13) for rapid revision. First we’ll look at the space programs of India, US, Russia, China and other countries. Then we’ll look at telescopes and Persons in News (Space)

Space programs: India

Carried out by Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) Chairman=Dr. K. Radhakrishnan. He had replaced G Madhavan Nair. (First Chairman of ISRO was Vikram Sarabhai.)

HQ Banglore

Satish Dhawan Shriharikota, Andhra. We usually launch satellites from here. (or from Space centre French Guiana in S.America).

Physics research lab Ahmedabad

Antrix Banglore

India’s Launch Vehicles: PSLV vs GSLV

PSLV GSLV

Polar satellite launch vehicle Geosynchronous satellite launch http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 10/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal vehicle

Can carry upto 1600 kg satellite 2500kg

Used for launching Indian remote sensing satellites (IRS) For launching Indian National such as CARTOSAT, RISAT, OCEANSAT, satellites (INSAT) such as INSAT RESOURCESAT 2E, 3A…., GSAT-2,8,12.

Latest version is PSLV-XL. Can carry upto 1750 kg. It was Next version is GSLV MK-III, can used to launch Chandrayaan, RISAT. And in future, it’ll be carry upto 4000kg used for Mars mission as well.

India’s Satellites: IRS vs INSAT

IRS INSAT

Indian remote sensing satellites Indian National satellites (INSAT)

Monitoring natural resources, crops, Telecom, TV broadcast, DTH, weather forecasting, minerals, forest cover etc. telemedicine, tele-education, search and rescue etc.

Launched using PSLV. Using GSLV.

Examples of IRS = CARTOSAT, Examples of INSAT= INSAT-2E, 3A,…. And GSAT- RISAT, OCEANSAT, RESOURCESAT 2,8,12.

Now let’s take a look at the satellites that have been in news recently (or mentioned in Yearbook) http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 11/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal

Aditya-1 For studying Solar Coronas.

Astrosate-1 For astronomy.

ISRO is building this remote sensing satellite. CARTOSAT- It can take images of earth with resolution of 0.25 meters. 3 It’ll be used for cartography and high resolution mapping.

Geo Imaging Satellite. GISAT It’ll be positioned 36,000 kms above the earth. It’ll be used for disaster management, border security.

This is India’s heaviest satellite so far. It was ISRO’s 101st mission. GSAT-10 It was launched French Guiana. It also carried second payload of GAGAN. (First payload of GAGAN was sent via GSAT-8).

It’ll increase India’s telecommunication signals. GSAT-7 Indian Navy will also use it for communication.

after serving for 13 years, this satellite completed its mission life in INSAT-2E 2012.

http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 12/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal Weather satellite (meteorology), search and rescue operations. INSAT-3D At present India’s meterological observation is done by two satellites Kalpana-1 and INSET 3A. This INSAT 3D is more powerful and advanced.

RISAT-1 is India’s first radar imaging satellite It can scan the earth surface during both day and night, even in cloudy conditions. So it is an all weather satellite. RISAT-1 Use= paddy monitoring and management of natural disaster like flood and cyclone. It was launched using PSLV-XL launch vehicle.

Indo-French satellite SARAL= Satellite with ARgos and ALtiKa. SARAL It was launched From Sriharikota, Andhra. It’ll be used for marine meteorology, oceanography climate monitoring etc.

ISRO’s first mission was to send aryabhatta Satellite into space. But at that time we did not have our own launch vehicle, so we used a Russian launch vehicle. Today ISRO has both Satellite + Launch vehicle. And we not only send our own satellites, we also help other countries send their satellites into space, using our launch vehicles. (ofcourse after taking cash for providing the “Taxi/courier” service.) http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 13/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal For these type of commercial activities, ISRO takes help of Antarix. Antarix is a Government owned company, it works as the marketing and commercial arm of ISRO.

ISRO’s 100th mission

ISRO’s 100th mission was launched from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriarikota, Andhra Pradesh. Here, ISRO launched two foreign satellites using PSLV launch vehicle. The name of satellites are:

1. SPOT 6: French satellite 2. Proiteres: Japanese micro satellite

By the way, recall that ISRO’s 101st mission was GSAT 10. And GSAT 10 is the heaviest satellite ISRO has launched so far. (because 100th mission is extremely clichéd and blown out of proportion, so if UPSC wants to apply its BackbreakingTM move, it’d rather ask about 99th or 101st mission hahaha).

India’s own GPS: IRNSS

At present only three countries have their own global navigation systems

USA GPS

Russia GLONASS. More discussed in earlier article click me

http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 14/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal China Beidou

To deploy a global navigation system, you need to setup lots of satellites hovering around the world, so they can scan and sent pinpoint location of anywhere to anywhere. During the Iraq war, the Americans sent wrong GPS navigation signals to the Iraqi jets and missiles, therefore Iraqis could not attack Americans forces in accurate manner. Moral of the story = Don’t rely on other people’s navigation system. For the short term, We (India) are designing our missiles and fighter jets in such way that they can use both GPS (American) and GLONASS (Russian) signals for navigation. (so if we want to attack America or its ally, we can rely on GLONASS and vice versa.) But for long term, we will need our own GPS like system. Therefore, ISRO is developing IRNSS. IRNSS= Indian regional navigational satellite system. Now if you connect the dots: we need our own GPS (IRNSS) so we can accurately attack enemies. And we will need our own Anti-satellite missile, to shoot down satellites of enemies so their GPS cannot work accurately.

GAGAN

GPS aided geo augmented navigation’ (gagan) It is a joint effort by the ISRO and the Airports Authority Of India (AAI). It’s main use is to help Air traffic control and helps pilots fly / land aircrafts in bad http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 15/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal weather. But as the name suggests “GPS aided …” meaning it is not a separate independent navigation system. It depends on GPS (American navigation system). Therefore we need IRNSS.

Space Vision India 2025

This is what ISRO plans to for future:

1. Use satellites for rural connectivity, security and mobile services 2. Increase imaging capability for natural resource management, weather and climate change studies 3. Get better understanding of solar system and universe 4. explore planets. 5. Develop Heavy lift launcher 6. Develop Reusable Launch Vehicles. 7. Send Humans to space.

Cryogenic Engine

Cryogenic engines work at very low temperature. ISRO is developing cryogenic engines 1. for GSLV launch vehicles. 2. for Chandrayaan-2 moon mission earlier ISRO had tried this in 2010 but it was an #EPICFAIL.

Chandrayaan-1 http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 16/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal It was India’s first unmanned moon mission. It found evidence of water on Moon. It also did the surved the topography, craters, polar regions and environment of Moon. This happened in 2008 hence too old and too clichéd to be asked for MCQs. ISRO is now working on Chandrayaan-2 joint programme with the Russian Federal Space Agency, But Russians suffered a setback due to their Phobos grunt mission.

Mars Mission

India planning a Mars mission similar to Curiosity mission of NASA. (probably in October/November 2013.) Mohan made official announcement about this during Independence day speech. Mars mission will be launched using PSLV-XL. PSLV-XL is the most powerful version of PSLV launch vehicle. Earlier it was used for Chandrayaan Mission, RISAT and GSAT-12.

This leads to Essay / group discussion / interview topic that when millions of Indians are suffering from poverty and malnutrition, what’s point of spending crores of rupees on Moon and Mars mission? But this article is written for MCQs, so let’s not dwell into that for the moment.

Space programs: USA (NASA)

NASA=National Aeronautics and Space Administration. There is no end to NASA missions either, but from the current affairs point of view, I would classify them into three: 1) Mars related 2) Moon related 3) Misc. http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 17/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal USA: MARS related

Curiosity

This is Maha clichéd topic for MCQs but anyways… Name of the mission is MSL: Mars Science laboratory. Under this MSL mission, NASA launched Curiosity rover to Mars in 2011. In 2012, Curiosity rover successfully landed on Mars surface. This mission has following aims

1. Did life ever exist on Mars? 2. Find presence of water, and other life supporting elements. 3. Collect data related to geology, radiation levels etc. for planning next manned mission to Mars.

Device on Function Curiosity

Chemistry and Mineralogy instrument It is used for soil analysis on Mars. CHEMIN CheMin found that minerals on the Red Planet are similar to those found in volcanic soils in Hawaii

Tunable Laser Spectrometer (TLS)

Presence of methane in a planet’s atmosphere indicates that life may have

TLS existed in the past. http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 18/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal TLS analysed a small sample of Martian air and detected very small amount of methane.

Gale Crater

Located on Mars planet. Curiosity rover landed here and found signs that water may have flowed in the past through this Gale Crater.

Black Beauty

It is a 320 gram space rock from Mars. Discovered in Morocco’s Sahara Desert in 2011 It contains more water than any other Martian meteorite previously found. could unlock vital clues to the evolution of Mars.

NASA: Moon related

Two NASA spacecraft — Ebb and Flow, equipped with MoonKAMs. They were orbiting around Moon since 2011 under GRAIL mission. Ebb and Flow, But they did not have sufficient altitude or fuel to continue science Sally Ride operations. Hence NASA team crash-landed them on Moon in Dec 2012. The place where they crash landed is named after Sally K. Ride, America’s first woman astronaut. http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 19/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal

Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) GRAIL To study the gravity field and geological structure of the Moon.

NASA’s Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing satellite, LCROSS It has detected presence of water locked inside the soil of moon.

MoonKAM= Moon Knowledge Acquired by Middle School Students. MoonKAMs The MoonKams captures images of the moon’s surface and sends them to the students for study.

NASA: Misc. Missions

Cassini It found evidence of water on Titan. Titan is the largest moon of Saturn planet.

Dragon capsule was designed by a private company “space X”. (and not Dragon by NASA) Space X It delivered food, supplies and cargo to International space station. It was launched using Flacon 9 rocket.

Fire Fly It is a small satellite designed by NASA aimed to capture the details of Cubesat the lightening that happens in deep space. This will help solving the mystery of terrestrial gamma rays, or TGFs. http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 20/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal

Kepler It is a space observatory of NASA. telescope It is used for discovering earth like plants.

Mercury is the innermost planet in the Solar System. Mercury NASA’s MESSENGER spacecraft has reported presence of water-ice Messenger on Mercury.

NuSTAR (the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array) It is a space-based X-ray telescope. NuSTAR NASA launched this under Pegasus mission. NuSTAR telescope will use high power X-rays to locate black holes, collapsed stars and supernova remnants.

web-based tool for predicting and forecasting the radiation environment in near-Earth, lunar and Martian space. PREDICCS It will provide critical information as preparations are made for potential future manned missions to the Moon and Mars.

Space Programs: Russia

Luna Glob Robotic Lunar Mission in 2015.

http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 21/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal Mars500 Joint experiments conducted by EU, Russia, China for sending human missions on Mars.

Phobos Mars has two moons. Phobos is the largest of them.Russian sent Phobos grunt Grunt mission to study it. But the spacecraft failed and crashed into Pacific ocean.

Rus Name of the two seater spaceship developed by Russia

Soyuz Launched from Kazakhstan, carried three astronauts to International space station rocket (ISS), including Sunita Williams in 2012.

Space Programs: China

Before Beidou, only two countries had Navigation systems: USA= GPS and Russia= GLONASS. Beidou Beidou is China’s own version of global navigation system. Project will be fully operational by 2020.

Hard x-ray modulation telescope China’s first space telescope. HXMT for studying blackholes. (recall that America’s NuSTAR is also meant for studying blackholes).

Shenzhous- China’s next manned space mission. 10 It will also carry Chinese astronauts to Tiangong-1.

http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 22/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal

It means “divine Vessel”. Manned space mission of China. Shenzhous- It carried China’s first woman astronaut Liu Yang to an orbiting module 9 Tiangong-1. Tiangong-1 means “Heavenly palace”- it is China’s prototype for future space station similar to ISS.

Yaogan For crop assessment and disaster management.

Chinasat It is china’s new military communication satellite.

Space Programs: Other countries

Korea Space Launch Vehicle-1 (KSLV-1) South Korea will launch this satellite and gain entry to an elite global space club Korea that includes Asian powers China, India and Japan. Earlier USA did not let S.Korea developed launch vehicles for the fear of arms race between North and South Korea.

Pishgam =name of Monkey that was recently sent to space and returned back, Iran under Iranian space mission. In Farsi, Pishgam = Pioneer.

Telescopes

http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 23/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal There are two types of telescopes:

1. Those on the ground (e.g. SKA, Solar telescope in Ladakh) and 2. Those in the space. (Kepler, NuSTAR, HXMT and Herschel.)

^this list is not exhaustive, but these telescopes were in news recently.

Ground telescopes

world’s largest and most sensitive radio telescope will be completed in 2024 Square Kilometre Will be setup in South Africa and Australia. Array (SKA) Applications: signal transport, signal processing, computing, software and data archiving India is actively involved in this project

Also known as National Large Solar Telescope (NLST) Will be built in the Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir by Dept of Science and Technology. This will be world’s largest solar telescope. Solar telescope Can work in both day and night. Will help in understanding sunspots: process of their creation and decay. Sunspots and solar winds pose a threat to the communication system on earth as well as space satellites.

http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 24/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal Space telescopes

largest space telescope ever launched (2009) It is named after Sir William Herschel who had discovered Uranus planet.

Herschel This telescope is in news, because soon its onboard liquid helium EU+US supply will be exhausted and it’ll stop working. Helium is required to cool the instruments on Herschele space telescope.

Hard x-ray modulation telescope

China’s first space telescope. HXMT China for studying blackholes. (recall that America’s NuSTAR is also meant for studying blackholes).

Launched in 2009. To discover earth like planets. Kepler Kepler was a German astronomer who gave laws to describe the US motion of planets around the Sun.

NuSTAR (the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array) It is a space-based X-ray telescope. NASA launched this under Pegasus mission. NuSTAR US NuSTAR telescope will use high power X-rays to locate black holes,

http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 25/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal collapsed stars and supernova remnants.

PIN: Persons in News (Space)

Liu Yang first Chinese woman astro.

Neil Armstrong Apollo 11. 1969. First man to land on moon. Dead.

Sally Ride First American woman astro. Dead. A Moon crate named after her.

Longest space walk (female).Took command of international space station in Sunita Williams Sep 12.

Dr. K. ISRO Chairman. Radhakrishnan

Finally two topics:

1. CERN, God particle= http://mrunal.org/2012/08/snt-cern.html 2. Blue Moon= http://mrunal.org/2012/08/snt-blue-moon.html

Ok so these were the notable Space tech related events/ terms happened during Jan 2012 to March 2013. If you feel any important thing was missed, or if there is any correction, do write it in the comments below.

Mock Questions

1. Which of the following country is not associated with International space station? http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 26/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal 1. Canada 2. Russia 3. Japan 4. China 2. Correct Statements 1. Tiangong-1 is the experimental space telescope of China. 2. Shenzhou-9 is the name of Chinese space station 3. Both 4. None 3. Longest spacewalk record for Female Astronauts is held by 1. Kalpana Chawla 2. Sally James 3. Liu Yang 4. Sunita Williams 4. Which of the following is not a telescope? 1. Hubble 2. Kepler 3. NuStar 4. Beidou 5. Incorrect Statement 1. Antrix is a privately owned company of Airtel. 2. Antrix is the commerical and Marketing arm of ISRO 3. Both 4. None

http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 27/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal 6. Find Incorrect Match 1. French Guiana=in North Africa 2. Satish Dhawan Space centre=Banglore 3. Physics Research lab= Pune 4. All of above 7. Correct Statements about Dragon Capsule 1. It was designed by Nasa 2. It was used for delivering cargo to International space station. 3. Both 4. None 8. Incorrect Statements 1. Indian Remote Sensing satellites are launched using GSLV. 2. Indian National satellites are launched using PSLV. 3. Both 4. None 9. Correct Statements about PSLV-XL 1. It is a launch vehicle, used in Chandrayaan. 2. It’ll be used in India’s Mars Mission. 3. Both 4. None 10. Incorrect statements about Indian remote sensing satellites 1. They are used for monitering natural resources. 2. They’re launched using GSLV. 3. CARTOSAT and RISAT are examples of Remote sensing satellites.

http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 28/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal 4. None of Above. 11. Incorrect Match 1. Aditya: Solar Coronas 2. Cartosat-3: high resolution mapping 3. GSAT-10: India’s heaviest satellite so far 4. SARAL: Indo-Japanese Tsunami prediction satellite. 12. Correct Match 1. Spot-6: Japan 2. Proiteres: France 3. Beidou: Japan 4. None of above 13. Find the Odd sequence 1. GLONASS, Beidou, IRNSS 2. NuSTAR, HXMT, Herschel 3. GAGAN, PISHGAM, SARAL 4. None of Above 14. which of the following country doesn’t have its own Global Navigation system? 1. Russia 2. China 3. Japan 4. None of Above 15. which of the following is not the main aim of ISRO’s Space vision 2025? 1. Develop reusable launch vehicles 2. Develop India’s own space station.

http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 29/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal 3. Send humans to space 4. Use satellites for rural connectivity, security and mobile services. 16. Name of the mission under which Nasa sent a rover to Mars in 2011? 1. MSL 2. Curiosity 3. Pegasus 4. None of Above 17. Gale Crater is located in 1. Mercury 2. Saturn 3. Mars 4. Moon 18. Black Beauty is a space rock from 1. Moon 2. Mars 3. Saturn 4. Mercury 19. Who/ What is Sally Ride? 1. First female astronaut of USA 2. A Place on Moon where two NASA spacecrafts crash-landed. 3. Both of above 4. None of Above 20. What is the purpose of GRAIL mission? 1. Study the gravity field of Moon

http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 30/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal 2. Study the gravity field of Mars 3. Study the gravity field of Mercury 4. Study the gravity field of Venus 21. Correct Statement 1. Titan is one of the moon of Mars 2. Phobos is one of the moon of Saturn 3. Both 4. None 22. What is/ are common between NuSTAR and HXMT 1. Both will are space telescopes used for finding black holes. 2. Both are launched by NASA under Pegasus mission. 3. Both A and B 4. Neither A or B 23. Beidou is the 1. Space station of China 2. Mars mission of China 3. Global navigation system of China 4. None of above 24. World’s Largest radio telescope: 1. Herschel 2. HXMT 3. Hubbles 4. Square Kilometer Array 25. In 2012, Sunita Williams went to ISS using which of the following spacecraft?

http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 31/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal 1. Atlantis 2. Discovery 3. Soyuz 4. None of Above

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http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 32/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal [Science-Tech] TheHindu June- July-Aug: (Part 3 of 3) IT, Nano, Space: National Cyber Security Policy, Wi-vi, IRNSS, ILC, Arihant Reactor

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http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 33/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal Print || PDF This Post (Need Google Chrome Browser)

अब तक 122 कमस लखी गयी

kunal  Mrunal sir …when are you going to give remaining chapters on economic servey?

Reply kk  There is a small typo, one of the uses of the Kepler telescope is to look out for earth-like planets, not “plants” :-)

Reply harish  dear kk try to encourage them not to discourage them they had tried there level best to correct ther mistakes and explain the topic in brief if i had given you a topic for publishing then you would have done more mistakes then Mr Mrunal

Reply वत  इतन े होशयार होत े तो अभी पढ़ नहं रहे होत।े कह सले े ट हो चुके होत।े तमु जैस े लोग के वल mistake ढूढा करत े ह।

Reply Aarav  Mrunal Bhai ,

You are doing a great job . Keep it Up !

http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 34/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal ARJAN  SIR , THE INFORMATION PUT BY YOU HAS BEEN UTMOST HELPFUL IN ALL SECTIONS FOR PREPARATION . WILL BE LOOKING FWD FOR MORE KNOWLEDGE AND INFO. THANK YOU

Reply Deeps  Answers

1. D 2. D 3. D 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. C 10.B 11.D 12.D 13.C 14.C 15.B 16.B 17.C 18.B 19.C 20.A 21.D 22.A http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 35/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal 23.C 24.D 25.c

Any corrections.?….

Reply chetan  1-d 2-d 3-d 4-d 5-a 6-d 7-b 8-c 9-c 10-b 11-d 12-d 13-c 14-c 15-c 16-b 17-a 18-b 19-a 20-a 21-a 22-a 23-c http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 36/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal 24-d 25-c

Reply chetan  17-c instead of a

Reply ram  All are correct except 16..answer is a not b….the mission under which curiosity rover send was MSL.

Reply Ankur  16 should be A

Reply Sankar  Hi,

I think ALMA (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atacama_Large_Millimeter_Array) should find a place.

Reply aditya  yes..because its the costliest telescope on earth (forgetting the source) also, Giant Meter Wave Radio Telescope (GMRT)- indigenously built by India (TIFR) and bcoz it discovered that Pulsars emit radiations alternating from X rays to Radio waves. worked in tandem with with LOFAR telescope in Netherlands..

http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 37/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal Deepak  mrunal sir, waiting for yours remaining economic survey chapter article.sir please do publish article. Thanks alot in advance

Reply BB+  Sir ji u are master of representing boring thing in highly intresting manner !!!

And my thanks alot for considering my request for adding “Notify me of follow-up comments by email” .Luv u frnd.

Reply Mridula  Sir Are these requires for SBI PO as well?

Reply sandip  Friends i found it is useful for us .

1 st country launched satl. for monitoring greenhouse gaseous JAPAN

Reply Amruth  thank you buddy really it will help

Reply suyash  Sir,gr8 work.

However,a small query – ISRO’s 101st mission is SARAL(+ 7 other small satellites from Canada, http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 38/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal Austria, Denmark and the UK)launched @ srihaikota and not GSAT-10 launched @ french guinea as mentioned by you in this article. Please correct me if I am wrong. Thanks.

Reply मनु झा  The one u are talking about was ISRO’s 103rd Mission. That is also important mission mainly known as Satellite for Argos + ALtika

GSAT -10 is 101st mission only.

Reply MANOJ  http://www.ndtv.com/article/cheat-sheet/pslv-india-s-101st-space-mission-successful- president-pranab-mukherjee-witnesses-launch-335175 Check it out….101st mission is indeed argos+altika…

Reply keshav  there is chinese lunar exploration programme also…. containing 4 phases of programmes 1) orbital programme–launched chang’e 1 and chang’e 2 2)soft lander programme= chang’e 3 and chang’e 4 3) sample return–chang’e 5 4) manned lunar programme

uses long march3a/ 5/e, 7 etc space vehicles to launch

Reply chetan  1-d http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 39/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal 2-d 3-d 4-d 5-a 6-d 7-b 8-c 9-c 10-b 11-d 12-d 13-c 14-c 15-c 16-b 17-a 18-b 19-a 20-a 21-a 22-a 23-c 24-d 25-c

Reply chetan  17-c instead of a

http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 40/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal harsh  mrunal something on FSLRC plz…..

Reply karan  mrunal sir eagerly w8in for your eco. survey articles

Reply sheetal  1-d 2-d 3-d 4-d 5-a 6-d 7-b 8-c 9-c 10-b 11-d 12-d 13-c 14-c 15-b 16-a 17-c 18-b 19-c 20-a 21-d http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 41/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal 22-a 23-c 24-d 25-c

Reply Aakash  Another news item appeared recently (Mar29): successful ignition of GSLV-D5 cryogenic engine in HAT(High Altitude Test) facility in Mahendragiri. Will be used to launch Gsat-14 in July.

Also, GSLV will be used for Chandraayan-2 mission. India plans to go for it alone after the Russian Phobos Grunt failure.

Reply Mrunal   I appreciate your input Aakash.

Reply itishri.kumbhar  Thanks…………..

Reply Nitesh  Thanks sir. I would like to mention to all, that besides this,ISRO also launched Virtual global software(3D satellite tool) application-”BHUVAN” like Google Earth.

-launched in 2009,is beta version. -able to display pictures from a perceived altitude of 10 metres. -requires bhuvan plugin download from its portal. http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 42/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal -works well only with locations in india.

-ISRO has used data provided by satellites including Resourcesat-1, Cartosat-1 and Cartosat-2 to get the best possible imagery of India.

Reply NIKITA  plz sir, also provide some material for punjab subordinate court exam for clerk, as soon as possible. bcz this is on 12 MAY.

Reply Neeraj kumar  1-d 2-d 3-d 4-d 5-a 6-d 7-b 8-c 9-c 10-b 11-d 12-d 13-c 14-c 15-b 16-a 17-c 18-b 19-c http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 43/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal 20-a 21-d 22-a 23-c 24-a 25-c

Reply taste victory  c d d d a d b c c b d d c c c a d b c a d a http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 44/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal c d c

Reply Vikas Tomar  Answer Keys

D D D D A D B C C B D D C C B A C B C A D A C D C

Thanx Bro….!

Reply AVINISH  THANK U SIR

Reply kumari rajni  D D D D A D B C C B D D C C B A C B C A D A C D C

Reply Subbu  I love how mrunal writes epicfail in caps always brings smile to my face

Reply HJ  *pishgam is name of rocket not monkey http://mrunal.org/2013/04/space-tech-current-affairs-compilation-2012-13-for-ssc-cgl-upsc-csat.html#1 45/47 13/5/2014 [Space Tech] Current Affairs Compilation 2012-13 for SSC CGL, UPSC CSAT - Mrunal

Reply sonali singh  thanx mrunal!!!

Reply pancham  hi MRUNAL, AAP BATA SAKTE HO KI AGAR MUJE PG Diploma in Banking MAIN KARAN HAI TO MAIN IFBI ME SE KARU KI TIMESPRO ME SE KARU, THANX

Reply mayank  sir u r awesome…..

Reply vijay  great work sir..

Reply harish  on 19th ao august isro is launching a satelite with the help of gslv

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