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Årsredovisning 2012 Abstract Årsredovisning 2012 ABSTRACT Omslagsbild: Bilden av Saturnus är tagen från satelliten Cassini som vid tillfället befann sig i skuggan bakom Saturnus, d.v.s en slags solförmörkelse. Saturnus ringar ligger i ett lutande plan med den nedre delen av ringarna skymda bakom Saturnus, medan man i övre delen av bilden ser hur ringarna ligger framför planetytan och skymmer en del av den. Det ser ut att finnas en förvirrande skugga bakom Saturnus, men det är i själva verket en skugga hitom planeten där ringarna inte syns på grund av att de är i skugga. I den övre delen av bilden är Saturnus yta inte helt mörk, troligen beroende på belysning från ringarna. Längs planetens rand ser man ett tunt ljus, vilket visar att Saturnus har en atmosfär som kan böja av ljusstrålarna. Bild, denna sida: Venus när den närmar sig solen under venuspassagen den 5 juni 2012 (tagen från NASA:s Solar Dynamics Observatory) NASA/SDO, AIA 2 RYMDSTYRELSEN – ÅRSREDOVISNING 2012 RYMDSTYRELSENS ÅRSREDOVISNING INNEHÅLL GENERALDIREKTÖREN HAR ORDET 4 RYMDSTYRELSEN 7 INTERNATIONELLT RYMDSAMARBETE 12 FÖRUTSÄTTNINGAR OCH STÖD FÖR INNOVATION PÅ RYMDOMRÅDET 17 SVENSKA RYMDFÖRETAGS KONKURRENSKRAFT 21 FORSKNINGSFINANSIERING 27 ESRANGE 31 FINANSIELL REDOVISNING 33 Bilagor 1. SVERIGES BETALNINGAR TILL ESA-PROGRAM 2012 44 2. RYMDSTYRELSENS SATSNINGAR PÅ SVENSKT DELTAGANDE I INTERNATIONELLA PROJEKT UTANFÖR ESA 2012 47 3. RYMDSTYRELSENS SATSNINGAR PÅ NATIONELLA PROJEKT 2012 48 4. LEDAMÖTER I STYRELSE OCH RÅDGIVANDE KOMMITTÉER 2012 49 RYMDSTYRELSEN – ÅRSREDOVISNING 2012 3 En viktig händelse för europeisk rymdverksamhet under 2012 var rådsmötet på ministernivå i Neapel då över 10 miljarder euro investerades av ESA:s medlemsländer i olika program. Foto: Johan Olsson GENERALDIREKTÖREN HAR ORDET Välkommen till Rymdstyrelsens årsredovisning! Det kanadensiska företaget BlackBridge som är verksamt inom fjärranalys etablerade ett kontor i Sverige. Under 2012 har myndigheten arbetat intensivt inför ESA:s Företaget ECAPS som utvecklat ”grönt bränsle” för satel- (European Space Agency) rådsmöte på ministernivå som liter fick sin första kommersiella order. hölls i Italien i november. Efter konsultationer med förträ- Rymdstyrelsen har under 2012 inrättat ett nationellt forsk- dare för forskning, industri, myndigheter och olika användare ningsprogram för sondraketer och ballonger. av satellitdata tog Rymdstyrelsen fram ett underlag till reger- ingen som på ministermötet förträddes av forskningsminister Flygningen för det ballongburna forskningsprojektet Po- Jan Björklund. Trots ett besvärligt ekonomiskt läge väljer be- GOLite fick ställs in p.g.a. envist dåligt väder på Esrange. slutsfattare i Europa och världen över att investera i kunskap Rymdstyrelsen fattade beslut om nytt flygförsök under 2013. och nytta från rymden. Det visar betydelsen av rymdverk- Driften av den svenska satelliten Odin gick in på sitt tolfte samhet i vårt dagliga liv. år, Odin levererar fortfarande utmärkta data om den övre at- ESA:s stora klimat- och miljösatellit Envisat hann precis mosfären. OHB Sweden fortsätter driften av Prisma-satelli- fylla tio år innan den plötsligt upphörde att fungera den 8 terna och tillhandahåller satelliterna för experiment till olika april. ESA:s satellitstation vid Salmijärvi nära Esrange var hu- intressenter. vudstation för Envisat, som genererat stora mängder viktig Årets publika höjdpunkt inom den globala rymdverksam- information om jordens landyta, atmosfär, hav och istäcken. heten var NASA:s Curiosity som den 6 augusti landade på För oss i Sverige har Envisat också varit en viktig källa till Mars. Curiosity är ett fordon på 900 kg som studerar klimat, kunskap om algblomning. geologi och förutsättningar för liv på Mars. ESA:s motsva- I samband med ESA:s rådsmöte på ministernivå anmälde rande Marsprogram ExoMars fick under 2012 nytt liv i och Rymdstyrelsen deltagande i det för Sverige nya programmet med att avtal förhandlats med den ryska rymdmyndigheten för rymdlägesbild, Space Situational Awareness. Det svenska Roskosmos. ExoMars blir därmed ett europeiskt-ryskt sam- deltagandet möjliggörs genom samverkan med Myndigheten arbetsprogram. för samhällsskydd och beredskap (MSB) samt Försvarsmak- Riksdagen antog i december den budgetproposition som ten. regeringen presenterade i september. För Rymdstyrelsens del Internationellt samarbete är mycket viktigt inom rymd- innebär detta en stabilisering av myndighetens budget. Efter verksamheten och utöver samarbetet inom ESA samverkar att under många år ha fått tillfälliga medel för deltagande i vi med olika länder bilateralt. Rymdstyrelsen har under året ESA:s bärraketprogram får nu Rymdstyrelsen ett permanent skrivit ett nytt samarbetsavtal med det franska rymdorganet tillskott på 75 mnkr/år från 2013. CNES. Avtalet gäller samarbete kring småsatelliter och öpp- Detta var en översikt över året då Rymdstyrelsen fyllde 40 nar nya affärsmöjligheter för svenska rymdföretag. år, välkommen att fördjupa dig i vår verksamhet! Myndigheten har utrett och publicerat en kartläggning av svenskt deltagande inom tema rymd i EU:s sjätte och sjunde ramprogram. Genomlysningen ger underlag för att förbättra svenska möjligheter i EU:s kommande forsknings- och inno- vationsprogram Horisont 2020 som ersätter sjunde rampro- grammet. Under året såldes Volvo Aero till den brittiska industri- koncernen GKN. Verksamheten i Trollhättan som bland an- Olle Norberg, nat tillverkar raketmotorkomponenter till den europeiska bärraketen Ariane kommer att fortsätta som förut. Generaldirektör för Rymdstyrelsen 4 RYMDSTYRELSEN – ÅRSREDOVISNING 2012 ÅRET I Korthet Januari Första bilderna publiceras från Plejaderna, ett franskt satel- litsystem som Sverige medverkar i bestående av två satelliter. Satelliterna har förmåga att urskilja mycket små detaljer på jordytan. Februari Vega, ESA:s nya bärraket för att sända upp mindre satelli- ter, gjorde sin premiäruppsändning den 13 februari från den europeiska raketbasen Kourou i Franska Guyana. Vega kan skjuta upp en 1,5 ton tung satellit, eller ta många mindre till omloppsbana. På premiärturen sändes hela nio satelliter upp. Ruag i Göteborg tillverkar styrdatorn till Vega. Satelliten Odin har varit 11 år i bana – lika länge som en normal solcykel. Det ger möjlighet att göra klimatologiska studier, som sträcker sig över en hel solcykel. Eftersom so- len är klimatets bakomliggande motor är denna möjlighet till långtidsstudier särskilt viktig. Augusti Mars NASA:s Curiosity landade på Mars den 6 augusti. Curiosity EU:s höge representant för utrikesfrågor, Catherine Ashton, är ett fordon på 900 kg som studerar klimat, geologi och för- och utrikesminister Carl Bildt besöker Esrange. utsättningar för liv på Mars. April September ESA:s stora klimat- och miljösatellit Envisat upphörde plöts- En ny europeisk vädersatellit, Metop-B, som går i s.k. polär ligt att fungera den 8 april. bana skickades upp och togs i bruk. Den polära banan ger bättre förutsättningar för prognoser i Sverige och andra geo- Maj grafiska områden nära polerna. Jupitersonden JUICE, JUpiter ICy moons Explorer, valdes av ESA till nästa stora forskningssatsning. JUICE beräknas lyfta Oktober från jorden 2022 och nå Jupiter 2030. Två svenska instru- GKN Aerospace Sweden AB bildades 1 oktober 2012 då ment är potentiella kandidater på farkosten. Volvo Aero uppgick i företagskoncernen GKN. Det amerikanska företaget SpaceX genomförde i maj och I början av oktober släpptes fem små satelliter, s.k. Cube- oktober sina två första flygningar till ISS med den obeman- Sat, ut från den internationella rymdstationen ISS. På två av nade fraktkapseln Dragon, som även kan ta last i retur från satelliterna fanns svensk utrustning, finansierad av Rymdsty- rymden då den landar i fallskärm. relsen. Det andra paret satelliter i Galileokonstellationen (IOV 2) Juni skickades upp från den europeiska raketbasen Kourou i Fran- En delegation från NASA:s forskningscenter Ames Research ska Guyana, ombord på en raket av typ Soyuz. Center besökte Sverige. I juni genomförde Kina en dockning mellan den bemanna- November de farkosten Shenzhou 9 och den obemannade rymdstations- ESA:s rådsmöte på ministernivå hölls i Italien. På minis- modulen Tiangong 1. I besättningen på Shenzhou 9 ingick termötet fattades flera viktiga beslut framför allt inför den Kinas första kvinnliga astronaut. Kina har även gjort framsteg kommande treårsperioden, totalt beslutades om europeiska inom bland annat navigationssystem och rymdforskning. rymdsatsningar på över tio miljarder euro. Sverige represen- terades på mötet av forskningsminister Jan Björklund. Juli 1 juli fyllde Rymdstyrelsen 40 år. December Uppsändningen av det svenska ballongburna forsknings- Rymdstyrelsen skriver i samarbete med Skolverket avtal med projektet PoGOLite (Polarized Gamma-ray Observer) fick NAROM/Norsk Romcenter och ESERO (European Space ställas in p.g.a. dåligt väder under hela den tidsperiod som var Education Resource Office)/ESA om fortbildning i naturve- tillgänglig för flygning. tenskap för nordiska lärare i grundskolan och gymnasieskolan. RYMDSTYRELSEN – ÅRSREDOVISNING 2012 5 Foto: Johan Olsson 6 RYMDSTYRELSEN – ÅRSREDOVISNING 2012 RYMDSTYRELSEN Rymdstyrelsens uppgift är i första hand att finansiera och 2012 2011 2010 initiera forskning och utveckling inom rymdområdet. Detta Antal kvinnor 9 8 8 görs såväl genom finansiering av svenskt deltagande i olika Antal män 8 8 8 internationella projekt, som genom fördelning av nationella Medelålder 47,5 47,4 48 forsknings- och utvecklingsmedel, ett arbete som beskrivs Tabell 1. Personal, fördelat på kön och
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