Sponsored by National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lunar and Planetary Institute NASA Johnson Space Center

LPJ Program to Technical Sessions

THIRTY-FIRST LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE CONFERENCE

March 13-17, 2000

Houston, Texas

Sponsored by

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lunar and Planetary Institute NASA Johnson Space Center

Program Committee

Carl Agee, Co-Chair, NASA Johnson Space Center David Black, Co-Chair, Lunar and Planetary Institute Cone! Alexander, Carnegie Institution of Washington Carlton Allen, Lockheed Martin Nadine Barlow, University of Central Florida Harold Connolly, Jr., California Institute ofTechnology Christine Floss, Washington University Lisa Gaddis, U.S. Geological Survey Jeffrey Gillis, Washington University Tracy Gregg, State University of New York-Buffalo Greg Hoppa, University ofArizona Friedrich Horz, NASA Johnson Space Center Noam Izenberg, Johns Hopkins University Michael Kelley, NASA Johnson Space Center Walter Kiefer, Lunar and Planetary Institute Dante Lauretta, Arizona State University Renu Malhotra, Lunar and Planetary Institute Patrick McGovern, Lunar and Planetary Institute Clive Neal, University of Notre Dame Frans Rietrneijer, University of New Mexico Rob Rye, California Institute of Technology Allan Treiman, Lunar and Planetary Institute Thomas Watters, Smithsonian Institution Frances Westall, NASA Johnson Space Center

LP I ROOM C

145

FIRST FLOOR Robert R. Gilruth Recreation Facility Building 207 ROOM B 104 148

SECOND FLOOR Robert R. Gilruth Recreation Facility Building 207 CONFERENCE INFORMATION

Registration-LPI Open House

A combination Registration/Open House will be held Sunday, March 12, 2000, from 5:00 p.m. until 8:00 p.m. at the Lunar and Planetary Institute. Registration will continue in the Gilruth Center, Monday through Thursday, 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. A shuttle bus will be available to transport participants between the LPI and local hotels Sunday evening from 4:45 p.m. to 8:30p.m.

Message Center

A message center will be established in the registration area in the Gilruth Center during the oral sessions. People who need to contact attendees during the conference may call 281-483-0321. The message center will be open Monday through Thursday from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00p.m. and Friday from 8:00 a.m. until noon. A fax machine will be located at the staff desk for incoming messages only. Faxes should be sent to 281-483-8722. Telephone messages and faxes will be posted on a bulletin board near the registration desk.

Shuttle Bus Service

A shuttle bus service between JSC, LPI, University of Houston-Clear Lake, and various hotels will operate daily. A detailed schedule of the shuttle routes is in your registration packet and is available at the registration desk.

Badges

During the week of the conference, your conference badge will allow access to JSC at all gates, the Gilruth Center, and the JSC cafeterias in Buildings 3 and 11. Please be aware that this badge does not allow access to those areas or buildings not open to the general public except those specifically outlined above.

Space Center Houston

Space Center Houston is open from 10:00 a.m. until5:00 p.m. daily. Major attractions are the Mission Status Center, Starship Gallery, tour of JSC, Space Shuttle Mock-Up, Space Center Theater, Manned Maneuvering Unit, and Space Center Plaza. Restaurants and gift shops are available. The ticket prices are $13.95 for adults and $9.95 for children ages 4-11 (children 3 and under are free). For further information, call281-244-2105.

GUIDE TO TECHNICAL SESSIONS AND ACTIVITIES

Monday Morning, 8:30 a.m. Room A Martian Meteorites I Room B Chemistry and Physics of the Early Solar System Room C Mars: Channels, Lakes, and Mud Oceans Room D Impact I: Theory and Experiment Session dedicated to the memory of Donald Gault

Monday Afternoon, 1:00 p.m. Room C PLENARY SESSION Presentations to the 1999 GSA Stephen E. Dwornik U.S. Citizen Student Paper Award Winners followed by Harold Masursky Lecture

Monday Afternoon, 2:30 p.m. Room A Martian Meteorites II 4:00 p.m. Iron Meteorites Room B Galileo at Io Roome Mars Geophysics RoomD Planetary Interior Processes

Tuesday Morning, 8:30 a.m. Room A New Views of the Moon: Thermal Evolution and the Nature of the Lunar Interior I Room B Mars Surface: Up Close Session dedicated to the memory of Henry]. Moore Room C SPECIAL SESSION- NEAR at Eros! First Results RoomD Achondrite Potpourri

Tuesday Afternoon, 1:30 p.m. Room A New Views of the Moon: Thermal Evolution and the Nature of the Lunar Interior II RoomE Asteroids and Comets Roome Mars: Oceans, Ice, and Polar Regions RoomD Impact II: Terrestrial Impacts

Tuesday Evening, 7:00-9:30 p.m. UHCL Poster Session I Missions: Mars CAis, Condensation, and Even Mars Has Its Faults Evaporation Mars Mapping Martian Meteorites Blue Mars "NEAR Relations" Lunar Remote Sensing: Diggin', Outer Planet Satellites Minin', and Forty-Ninin' Mercury New Views of the Moon: Thermal Impact Theory and Experiment Evolution and the Nature of Terrestrial Impact Craters the Lunar Interior III Planetary Interior Processes Achondrite Potpourri Missions and Experiments Shock Processes in Meteorites Instrumental Techniques Iron Meteorites Space Science Education

Wednesday Morning, 8:30 a.m. Room A Refractory Inclusions Room B Gardening on the Moon: Regolith Processes and Characterization Room C Mars: Troughs, Tectonics, and Teslas Room D Stardust: Collected, Remote, and Captured Wednesday Afternoon, 1:30 p.m. Room A Meteorite Chronology and Isotope Systematics Room B Lunar Composition: Remote Yet Intimate Views 3:30 p.m. Dating the Moon: Impact Effects and Petrogenetic Implications Room C Mars: Lumps, Bumps, and Pixels Room D Origins of Planetary Systems: Drag and Hard Bodies

Thursday Morning, 8:30 a.m. Room A Mars: Holes, History, and Hematite Room B Chondrule Petrogenesis Room C Astrobiology Room D Outer Body Experiences

Thursday Afternoon, 1:30 p.m. Room A Venus Geophysics and Geology Room B Origins of Chondri tic Metal Room C Europa Room D Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air

Thursday Evening, 7:00-9:30 p.m. UHCL Poster Session II Astrobiology The "Dirt" on Mars Mars Meteorology Martian Magnetics New Meteorites Integrated Lunar Science at the Hard Rock Cafe Presolar Grains Playing the Lunar Crustal Record: My Darling Carbonaceous Chondrites Clementine Enstatite Chondrites Venus Geology and Geophysics Ordinary Chondrites Formation of the Solar System Cosmogenic Nuclides Stardust: Collected, Remote, and Captured The Angry Red Planet Europa Mars: The Other Red Meat Small Body Melange Holey Mars! Surface Processes

Friday Morning, 8:30 a.m. Room A Presolar Grains Room B Mars Surface: Remote Sensing Room C Astrobiology: Meteorites Room D Planetary Volcanism: Flows and Edifices Session dedicated to the memory of Peter Francis * Designates Speaker Room A - Gilruth Room 104 Room B- Gilruth Old Gym Room C- Gilruth New Gym Room D- Gilruth Room 206 UHCL- University of Houston-Clear Lake, Bayou Building

Monday, March 13,2000 MARTIAN METEORITES I 8:30 a.m. Room A

Chairs: M. Wadhwa J. D. Gilmour

WadhwaM. * Quantitative Constraints on the Redox State of Martian Magmas from Eu Anomalies in Pyroxenes of Basaltic Shergottites [#1966]

In this work, a quantitative method for determining thefo2 of basaltic shergottite parent magmas is presented. Implications are presented for the oxidation state of the source of the parent melts of the basaltic shergottites in the Mars mantle.

McKay G. * Mikouchi T. Le L. Schwandt C. Hashimoto M. The Shergotty Paradox: An Experimental Perspective on lntercumulus Melt Compositions [#2000] Experiments on a petrographic estimate of Shergotty intercumulus melt (ICM) composition suggest it is

not a good analog for the Shergotty ICM. Changes in P andfo2 do not improve the match. The origin of this mismatch remains an unresolved paradox.

Rubin A. E.* Warren P. H. Greenwood J.P. Verish R. S. Leshin L.A. Hervig R. L. Petrology of Los Angeles: A New Basaltic Shergottite Find [#1963] Los Angeles is a new basaltic shergottite find with -46 vol% maskelynite and -40 vol% pyroxene that is more ferroan than that in QUE94201. Augite exsolution lamellae are coarser than in Shergotty or Zagami. Martian origin is indicated by petrography and high D/H ratio.

Warren P. H.* Greenwood J. P. Richardson J. W. Rubin A. E. Verish R. S. Geochemistry of Los Angeles, a Ferroan, La- and Th-rich Basalt from Mars [#2001] The Los Angeles shergottite resembles Shergotty and Zagami, but is by far the most ferroan, La-rich, and Th-rich rock yet from Mars. The smaller of two stones appears subtly different in composition, with higher proportions of late-stage components.

Borg L. E.* Nyquist L. E. Wiesmann H. Reese Y. Papike J. J. Sr-Nd Isotopic Systematics of Martian Meteorite DaG476 [#1036] The martian meteorite DaG476 is determined to have a Sm-Nd age of 474±11 Ma and an initial fNd value of +36.6±0.8.

Wadhwa M. Lentz R. C. F. McSween H. Y. Jr. Crozaz G.* Dar Al Gani 476 and Dar Al Gani 489, Twin Shergottites from Mars [#1413] Two martian meteorites, DaG 476 and DaG 489, were recently recovered from the Libyan Sahara. Here, we present a combined mineralogic-petrologic and ion microprobe study, which confirms that these two meteorites are likely to be paired.

31st LPSC Program 1 Greshake A. * Stoffler D. Shock Related Melting Phenomena in the SNC Meteorite Dar Al Gani 476 [#1043] Dar al Gani 476 contains unusual regions of shock melting which are very different from melt veins in other meteorites. It is suggested that melting here is caused by primary pores whose extremely low shock impedance caused a very high and localized thermal peak.

Herd C. D. K. * Jones J. H. Papike J. J. Experimental Constraints on the Cr Content, Oxygen Fugacity, and Petrogenesis of EETA79001 Lithology A [#1387] Experiments involving the composition of the groundmass ofEETA79001 Lithology A constrain the Cr content of the melt and the oxygen fugacity, and suggest that overgrowth of olivine and pyroxene from the groundmass onto xenocrysts has occurred.

Berkley J. L. * Treiman A. H. Jones J. H. Petrologic History of a Complex Pyroxenite Xenolith in the EETA79001 Martian Meteorite [#1729] Pyroxenite xenoliths in martian meteorite EETA79001 a complex history. After an igneous origin (very low Ti magma), they were metemorphosed, sheared and brecciated, and then incorporated into their host magma.

Staffler D. * Maskelynite Confirmed as Diaplectic Glass: Indication for Peak Shock Pressures Below 45 GPa in All Martian Meteorites [#1170] Maskelynite in all Martian meteorites is undoubtedly diaplectic glass. The host meteorites were affected by peak shock pressures of 29-45 GPa with local spikes of up to 60 or 80 GPa. Peak shock pressures of up to 90 GPa proposed recently are incorrect.

Brandon A. D.* Walker R. J. Morgan J. W. Goles G. G. Re-Os Isotopic Evidence for Early Differentiation of the Martian Mantle [#1676] Varations in initial 1870s/880s for SNC meteorites correlate with epsilon 142Nd and epsilon 182W, indicating that the Re-Os systematics were during the earliest differentiation history of Mars.

Jagoutz E. J. * Jotter R. J. New Sm-Nd Isotope Data on Nakhla Minerals [#1609] Nd isotope analyses on Nakhla; these results strongly suggest that Dar a! Gani 476, QUE94201, Nakhla, Lafayette, Governador Valadares, and Chassigny are derived from the same source; all these meteorites have a 142Nd anomaly as well as a radiogenic 143Nd initials.

Gilmour J.D. * Whitby J. A. Turner G. Extraterrestrial Xenon Components in Nakhla [#1513] Pure martian atmospheric xenon is present in Nakhla, shock implantation of observed atmosphere may be responsible. Martian interior xenon is also present, intimately associated with spallation xenon.

2 31st LPSC Program Monday, March 13, 2000 CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF THE EARLY SOLAR SYSTEM 8:30 a.m. Room B

Chairs: E. D. Young C. Floss

CassenP. * Models of the Thermal Evolution of an Initially Hot Solar Nebula: Implications for Planetary Material [#1141] We develop models of the thermal evolution of the solar nebula designed to test the hypothesis that planetary objects began to form as the nebula cooled from an initially hot state, and compare the results of the models with meteoritic and planetary data.

Tanaka K. K. * Tanaka H. Nakazawa K. Non-Equilibrium Condensation of Dust Grains: Shift of the Condensation Temperature [#1408] We investigated non-equilibrium condensation of the dust grain, where instead of the previous (classical) nucleation theory, we adopted the nucleation rate obtained by the semi-phenomological model which achieved good agreements with experiments.

Nagahara H. * Ozawa K. The Role of Back Reaction on Chemical Fractionation During Evaporation of a Condensed Phase [#1340] The role of back reaction in elemental and isotopic fractionations is quantitatively examined, and chemical fractionation of silicate melt with various magnitudes of back reaction were experimentally investigated.

Tissandier L. * Libourel G. Robert F. Chaussidon M. Si02 Condensation Experiments and Implications for Protosolar Materials [#1553] Si02 condensation experiments were performed in order to test their implications on phase relation and texture of protosolar materials (CAis, chondrules). Their results are then discussed and replaced in astrophysical models.

McKeegan K. D. * Chaussidon M. Robert F. Evidence for the In Situ Decay of10Be in an Allende CAl and Implications for Short-lived Radioactivity in the Early Solar System [#1999] Large enrichments in the 10B/11 B ratios in an Allende CAI are correlated with Be!B in a manner indicative of the in situ decay of 10Be, providing evidence that some short-lived radioisotopes were produced by spallation reactions in the solar nebula.

Hutcheon I. D.* Krot A. N. Ulyanov A. A. 26Al in Anorthite-rich Chondrules in Primitive Carbonaceous Chondrites: Evidence Chondrules Postdate CAl [#1869] Anorthite-rich chondrules (ARCs) in carbonaceous chondrites form a coherent group characterized by a common primary mineralogy. Evidence of 26Al in ARCs suggests chondrule formation began 0.8 Ma after CAis and continued for at least 4 Ma.

Nguyen L.-A. * Alexander C. M. O'D. Carlson R. W. Mg Isotope Variation in Bulk Meteorites and Chondrules [#1841] We use high precision Mg-isotopic measurements of bulk meteorites and chondrules to infer that 0-isotopic anomalies in Solar System objects are not due to a heterogeneous distribution of supernova material and that some Mg evaporation has taken place in OC chondrules.

Leshin L.A.* McKeegan K. D. Benedix G. K. Oxygen Isotope Geochemistry of Olivine from Carbonaceous Chondrites [#1918] New results from SIMS oxygen isotopic analysis of olivine from CM Murray and CO ALHA77307 will be presented and integrated with an emerging picture of the oxygen isotope geochemistry of olivine from different carbonaceous chondrite groups.

31st LPSC Program 3 \ \

Jones C. L. * Brearley A J. Transmission Electron Microscope Observations of Phyllosilicate Development During Experimental Aqueous Alteration of Allende [#1204] Samples of Allende have been altered hydrothermally under oxidizing conditions at 200°C. TEM studies show that within 30 days evidence of replacement of matrix olivines by fine-grained serpentine is present and by 90 days complete alteration of many grains has occurred.

Young E. D.* Ash R. D. The Hydrology of Icy Planetesimals Inferred from Carbonaceous Chondrite Oxygen Isotope Ratios [#1658] Numerical modeling shows that water-rich liquid migrating down temperature from approximately 300 K to <260 K within an icy planetesimal explains the variabilities in mineralogy and oxygen isotope ratios among carbonaceous chondrite meteorites.

Benedix G. K. * Leshin L. A Farquhar J. Jackson T. L. Thiemens M. H. Carbonates in CM Chondrites: Oxygen Isotope Geochemistry and Implications for Alteration of the CM Parent Body [#1840] We report oxygen isotopic compositions (8 180 and 8 170) of calcite and dolomite in 5 different CM chondrites spanning a quantitative alteration sequence. We explore possible hypotheses for variable 8170 and implications for alteration.

Brearley A. J. * Hutcheon I. D. Carbonates in the CMI Chondrite ALH84034: Mineral Chemistry, Zoning and Mn-Cr Systematics [#1407] Calcite and dolomite with complex zoning have been studied in ALH84034. Ion microprobe studies show that dolomite with 53 Cr excess is present, indicating carbonate formation occurred -10 Ma after CAl formation.

Floss C.* Bernatowicz T. Smolar T. Stadermann F. J. Walker R. Heating of Renazzo Matrix Material: Evidence for the Presence of Two Distinct Deuterium Carriers [#1359] In order to constrain the nature of D-rich carriers in IDPs and primitive meteorites we are investigating the heating conditions under which D anomalies are lost. Heating of Renazzo matrix material inclh~ates the loss of two distinct D carriers.

4 3Ist LPSC Program Monday, March 13, 2000 MARS: CHANNELS, LAKES, AND MUD OCEANS 8:30 a.m. Room C

Chairs: V. C. Gulick J. W. Rice Jr.

Malin M. C.* Edgett K. S. Constraints on Overland Fluid Transport Through Martian Valley Networks [#1189] MGS MOC images ofNirgal, Nanedi, and Warrego Valles suggest that sustained fluid flow was limited and flow may have been largely in the subsurface. Nanedi was not a surface "river".

Williams R. M. * Phillips R. J. Martian Valley Network Morphology [#1912] MOLA topographic data shows that the deepest and widest valley networks are located in the near-equatorial region. We advocate a multi-process history, involving both fluvial and sapping processes, that may have been influenced by climate change.

De Hon R. A. * Washington P. A. Implications of Sapping Channels on Mars [#1147] Large martian sapping channels require continuous flow for tens to hundreds of thousands of years. They are testiments to long-lived subsurface reservoirs, long-lasting ground water effluent discharge, and sustained surface flow.

Gulick V. C.* Fluvial Valley and Ocean Formation on Mars: Insights from MGS [#2100] Fluvial valley formation and the cold climate hypothesis is evaluated using MGS data.

Max M.D.* Clifford S.M. The Initiation of Martian Outflow Channels Through the Catastrophic Decomposition of Methane Hydrate [#2094] In this abstract we consider the possibility that the thermal- or pressure-induced decomposition of methane hydrate in the Martian subsurface may have acted as a triggering mechanism for the initiation of catastrophic outflow channels.

Bourke M. C. * Zimbelman J. R. Australian Paleoflood Systems: An Analogue for Martian Channel Systems [#1393] An inventory of geomorphic signatures from terrestrial paleofloods enable the detection of similar features along unconfined flood channels on Mars.

Rice J. W. Jr.* Flooding and Ponding on Mars: Field Observations and Insights from the Polar Realms of the Earth [#2067] New observations and interpretations of Martian flooding/ponding events will be discussed in this paper. This work is based upon several different data sets: high-resolution MOC imagery, lander (VL-1 and MPF) imagery, and geologic field investigations.

Chapman M.G.* Tanaka K. L. Chasmata, Chaos, Outflow Channels, and Interior Deposits on Mars: Produced by Sub-Ice Eruptions? [#1256] This abstract suggests that the Valles Marineris troughs, their interior deposits, chaotic terrain, the circum-Chryse outflow channels, and subdued material in Xanthe Terra may be related and largely formed by one process: sub-ice volcanism.

31st LPSC Program ------5 Burr D. M. * McEwen A. S. Lanagan P. D. Recent Fluvial Activity in and near Marte Vallis, Mars [#1951] Mars Orbital Camera images have revealed new information about the large, well-preserved channels in and near Marte Vallis. These images support the previous hypothesis that the channel flood waters originated from highland remnants to the north of the Elysium Basin.

Parker T. J. * Clifford S. M. Banerdt W. B. Argyre Planitia and the Mars Global Hydrologic Cycle [#2033] Previous studies of channels associated with Argyre Planitia are compared with the recent MOLA topography. Argyre and the channels flowing into and out from it comprise the longest fluvial system in the solar system.

Cabrol N. A* Grin E. A Haberle R. M. McKay C. P. Joshi M. Schaeffer J. Age of Martian Impact Crater Lakes: The Morphological Evidence for Recent Lacustrine Activity [#1504] Some impact craters lakes could be as recent as Middle Amazonian, which raises a number of critical questions about their generation processes. We discuss the geological evidence and the possibility of a contribution from meteorological control.

Haberle R. M. * McKay C. P. Schaeffer J. Joshi M. Cabrol N. A Grin E. A Meteorological Control on the Formation of Martian Paleolakes [#1509] We find that an ocean-driven hydrolgical cycle and/or the mobilization of polar ice at high obliquity can produce conditions favorable for paleolake formation.

Tanaka K. L. * Banerdt W. B. The Interior Lowland Plains Unit of Mars: Evidence for a Possible Mud Ocean and Induced Tectonic Deformation [#2041] We conclude from MOC and MOLA data that the northern plains of Mars were infilled by a sediment-rich, mud ocean. Evidence for subsidence within the north polar basin and reversed channel-floor gradients are consistent with tectonic deformation due to the sediment load.

6 31st LPSC Program Monday, March 13, 2000 IMPACT I: THEORY AND EXPERIMENT Session dedicated to the memory of Donald Gault 8:30 a.m. Room D

Donald Gault passed away March 29, 1999. Don was an aerodynamical engineer, hypervelocity impact pioneer, and special friend to the lunar and planetary science community. In the mid-1960s, he designed the NASA Ames Vertical Gun Range (AVGR), the first NASA hypervelocity range specifically constructed to explore planetary surface processes. Don brought unique insights and intuition to this new field in the 1960s and 1970s through rigorous experimental testing of ideas about cratering. He played a key role in the first interpretations of craters revealed by the Ranger, Lunar Orbiter, Apollo, Mariner 10, and Viking missions. Don also brought many of us with him through his enthusiasm, encouragement, and a unique ability to make each of us feel like his best friend. In 20 short years, he elevated our field with major contributions to cratering mechanics, collisional fragmentation, regolith processes, and crater scaling. But what is not widely known was his passion for music, publishing several dozen of his arrangements for brass quartets. How appropriate, then, that craters on his favorite planet, Mercury, are in fact named after musicians. His legacy will live on through his many colleagues, their students, and the AVGR. But somehow it seems fitting that he should join the mercurian orchestra as well.

Chairs: H. J. Melosh S. Sugita

Melosh H. J. * A New and Improved Equation of State for Impact Computations [#1903] The ANEOS equation of state has been modified to include molecular clusters in the vapor phase. This leads to a vigorous late stage in impact vapor plume expansion as the molecular clusters condense and release their energy into the gas phase.

Housen K. R. * Holsapple K. A. Numerical Simulations of Impact Crate ring in Porous Materials [#1498] Numerical simulations are conducted to model the formation of impact craters in highly porous materials. Detailed comparisons with numerous cratering experiments are made to develop a model of the unusual mechanics of cratering on porous asteroids.

Dahl J. M. * Schultz P. H. Strain Rate Measurements in Vertical and Oblique Impact Experiments [#1901] Strain rate trends measured from projectile impact stress profiles differ from those in plate impact experiments. For oblique impacts, strain rates downrange are a factor of 2 higher than strain rates uprange at the same peak stress.

Alpert A. J. * Pierazzo E. Venusian Impact Melt Production [#1486] We investigate the variation in impact melt production observed in Venusian craters by running a series of hydrocode simulations to model the production of impact melt and vapor on the surface of Venus.

O'Keefe J.D. * Ahrens T. J. Impact Bulking, Faulting and Ejecta [#1429] We have developed new models for impact damage, bulking and faulting and found: increased velocity of ejection of material, greater shock wave attenuation, reduction in crater depth and enhanced peaks and rings, and deep seated faulting.

Kenkmann T. * von Dalwigk I. Centro-Symmetrical Material Flow During Impact Crater Modification: Structural Implications [#1041] The modification of impact craters induces a centro-symmetrical material flow field. The conservation of volume during inward flow requires structural adjustments (bulk thickening, transpression thickening) which were studied at the Siljan crater.

31st LPSC Program ? Shrine N. R. G. * Burchell M. J. Grey I. D. S. Velocity Scaling of Impact Craters in Water Ice with Relevance to Crate ring on Icy Planetary Surfaces [#1696] 1 mm diameter aluminium spheres were fired at ice targets at velocities of 1-7.3 km/s to determine the velocity dependence of ice impact cratering. The scaling of crater dimensions with impact energy is compared to previous lower velocity data.

Anderson J. L. B.* Schultz P. H. Reineck J. T. A New View of Ejecta Curtains During Oblique Impacts Using 3D Particle Imaging Velocimetry [#1749] Using a new technique, three-dimensional Particle Imaging Velocimetry, trajectories of individual ejecta particles during experimental impacts can be captured in flight. Initial results of this system for oblique impacts are discussed.

Sugita S. * Schultz P. H. Spectroscopic Observation of Chemical Interaction Between Impact-induced Vapor Clouds and the Ambient Atmosphere [#2029] Chemical reactions within impact-induced vapor clouds were observed in laboratory experiments using a spectroscopic method. The results indicate that projectile-derived carbon-rich vapor reacts intensively with atmospheric nitrogen.

Crawford D. A.* Schultz P. H. Electrostatically Charged Impact Ejecta and Implications for Lunar Paleomagnetism [#1849] Magnetic fields produced by the motion of electrostatically charged impact ejecta can possibly explain some of the correlations between magnetic anomalies and impact craters seen in the Lunar Prospector magnetic data.

Skala R. * Matijka P. Horz F. Experimentally Shocked Dolomite- A Raman Spectroscopic Study [#1567] Raman spectroscopic study supports a concept of thermally induced shear bands as the dominant deformation mechanism of shocked carbonates, carbonate outgassing during shock compression and release, and disproves the breakdown to aragonite+magnesite.

Bowden E.* Kondo K. Ogura T. Jones A. P. Price G. D. DeCarli P. S. Loading Path Effects on the Shock Metamorphism of Porous Quartz [#1582] Samples of quartz sand were shock loaded at TIT. To vary loading path, sample containers of differing impedance were used. Observed shock effects increased with increasing net internal energy increase and were independent of peak pressure.

Langenhorst F. Deutsch A.* Ivanov B. A. Hornemann U. On the Shock Behavior of CaC03: Dynamic Loading and Fast Unloading Experiments- Modeling- Mineralogical Observations [#1851] We report the results of shock and rapid multi-anvil experiments on calcite. The study focuses on the shock-induced melting and degassing behavior of carbonates and the consequences regarding climate changes and mass extinctions.

8 31st LPSC Program Monday, March 13, 2000 PLENARY SESSION MASURSKY LECTURE 1:00 p.m. Room C

Chairs: D. C. Black C. B. Agee

Presentation of the 1999 GSA Stephen E. Dwornik U.S. Citizen Student Paper Award Winners

WoodJ. A Chondrites: Tight-Lipped Witnesses to the Beginning [INVITED]

31st LPSC Program 9 Monday, March 13, 2000 MARTIAN METEORITES II 2:30 p.m. Room A

Chairs: T. L. Grove R. C. F. Lentz

Dann J. C. Holzheid A. H. Grove T. L. * McSween H. Y. Jr. Phase Equilibria of the Shergotty Meteorite: New Petrologic Constraints on the H20 Content of Martian Magmas [#1081] The augite + pigeonite assemblage in Shergotty is most closely reproduced in 200 MPa H20-saturated experiments and implies pre-eruptive H20 contents af about 6 wt. %.

Lentz R. C. F.* Ryan J. G. Riciputi L. R. McSween H. Y. Jr. Water in the Martian Mantle: Clues from Light Lithophile Elements in Martian Meteorites [#1672] SIMS data of B, Be and Li in nakhlites and Shergotty are used to examine the volatile histories of martian parental magmas. Significant loss of B and Li in Shergotty during crystallization points to a wet parent magma.

Dyar M.D. * Delaney J. S. Kinny P. D. Graham C. M. Implications of Dehydrogenation Processes in Amphibole for Planetary Oxygen and Hydrogen Budgets [#1768] Interrelationships among DIH, H, and ferric iron contents in amphibole, measured at microscales of 10 x 15 fJ-m, are examined, with emphasis on the understanding dehydrogenation processes.

Boctor N. Z. * Alexander C. M. O'D. Wang J. HauriE. Hydrogen Isotope Studies of Mafic, Feldspathic, and Melt Inclusion Glasses in Martian Meteorite Allan Hills 77005 [#1759] Shock produced mafic (8D=l30l-3031 %o) and feldspathic glasses (8D=1821-2536 %o) in ALH77005 have much higher oD compositions and water contents than melt inclusions in olivines (-18 %o to 304 %o).

Farquhar J. * Savarino J. Jackson T. L. Thiemens M. H. Evidence ofAtmospheric Sulfur in SNC Meteorites: Implications for the Martian Sulfur Cycle [#1275] We presentS-isotope data for oxidized and reduced phases in SNC meteorites and discuss implications for the Martian S-cycle. S-isotope data reflect atmospheric deposition of oxidized species, followed by incorporation and mobilization within the regolith.

Wentworth S. J. * Thomas-Keprta K. L. McKay D. S. Weathering and Secondary Minerals in the Martian Meteorite Shergotty [#1888] The Shergotty martian meteorite contains weathering features and secondary minerals much like those in Nakhla, including secondary silicates, NaCl, and Ca-sulfate. It is likely that the weathering occurred on Mars.

Bridges J. C. * Smith M.P. Grady M. M. Progressive Evaporation and Relict Fluid Inclusions in the Nakhlites [#1590] A model for the progressive evaporation of brine within the nakhlite parent rocks is described. This can account for the variation in salt assemblages between the 3 meteorites. Fluid inclusion studies are also reported.

10 31st LPSC Program Monday, March 13, 2000 IRON METEORITES 4:00 p.m. Room A

Chair: R. J. Walker

Becker H.* Walker R. J. Positive 98Ru and 99Ru Anomalies in Iron Meteorites [#1484] Small positive anomalies in 98Ru and 99Ru in IIAB iron meteorites relative to a terrestrial standard may reflect Tc-Ru fractionation in the precursor metal of the asteroidal core.

Chen J. H.* Papanastassiou D. A. Wasserburg G. J. Re-Os Systematics in Pallasites and in Group IIIAB High-Ni Iron Meteorites [#1505] New data on high Ni-pallasites and IIIAB irons show a large variation in the PGE contents. Samples from different classes of iron meteorites and pallasites lie on a single isochron.

Cook D. L. * Walker R. J. Horan M. F. New Applications of the 187Re-187 Os and 190Pt_1 860s Isotope Systems to the Study of Iron Meteorites [#1347] 187Re- 1870s and 19G_rt- 1860s isotope systems are applied to dating evolved iron meteorites. The Re-Os systematics of some evolved irons may indicate late stage system closure. This conclusion appears to be supported by a "young" Pt-Os isochron age.

HauriE. H.* Carlson R. W. Bauer J. The Timing of Core Formation and Volatile Depletion in Solar System Objects from High-Precision 107PdJ07Ag Isotope Systematics [#1812] Using high-precision plasma ionization mass spectrometry (PIMMS) to achieve a precision of ±50 ppm on 107 Ag/109 Ag, we report variations in the isotopic composition of Ag in chondrites, iron meteorites, and terrestrial rocks.

Pravdivtseva O. P. * Meshik A. P. Hohenberg C. M. Wasserburg G. J. I-Xe Record of Cooling inK-Feldspar Inclusion from the Colomera (IIE) Iron [#1929] Individual mineral grains from a silicate inclusion of the Colomera IIE iron meteorite were studied by laser extraction to find suitable host phases for I-Xe dating. K-feldspar separate yields an I-Xe age of 4.552 Ga and a cooling rate of 4-16°C/Ma.

Kurat G. * Sylvester P. Kong P. Brandstatter F. Heterogenous and Fractionated Metal in Canyon Diablo (IA) Graphite-Metal Rock [#1666] Kamacite veins in graphite contain highly variable amounts of siderophile trace elements. Metal heterogeneity and fractionation of refractory siderophile elements suggests formation at low temperature, possibly from metal carbonyls.

31st LPSC Program 11 Monday, March 13, 2000 GALILEO AT 10 2:30 p.m. Room B

Chairs: W. D. Smythe P. E. Geissler

Lopes-Gautier R. * Smythe W. D. Carlson R. W. Davies A. G. Doute S. Geissler P. E. Kamp L. W. Kieffer S. W. Leader F. E. McEwen A. S. Mehlman R. Soderblom L. Galileo NIMS Team A Close-Up View of Io in the Infrared: NIMS Results from the Galileo Fly-Bys [#1767] We report the initial results obtained by the Galileo Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer during the fly-bys of Io. Our data reveals, for the first time, the detailed thermal structure of hot spots and the local distribution of S02 frost.

Smythe W. D.* Lopes-Gautier R. Kamp L. Davies A. G. Carlson R. W. Galileo NIMS team The Thermal Structure of Loki Seen in Galileo's Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) Data from the 124 Orbit [#2049] The thermal structure of Loki, observed by Galileo NIMS in orbit 124, is complex. We present the results derived from this high spatial resolution observation obtained 11 October, 1999.

Doute S. * Lopes-Gautier R. M. C. Carlson R. W. Schmitt B. Soderblom L.A. Galileo NIMS Team The S02 Cycle on Io as Seen by the NEAR Infrared Mapping Spectrometer [#1862] Based on the analysis of NIMS hyperspectral images of Io that leads to sulfur dioxide distribution maps, we intend to give some insights about different processes occurring throughout the S02 cycle.

Davies A. G. * Keszthelyi L. P. Lopes-Gautier R. M. C. Smythe W. D. Kamp L. Carlson R. W. Galileo NIMS and SSI Teams Eruption Evolution of Major Volcanoes on Io: Galileo Takes a Close Look [#1754] Using Galileo NIMS and SSI data it has been possible to monitor the course of individual eruptions on lo. Analysis of pre-124 data has been aided by high-resolution data obtained during the 124 and 125 encounters.

Blaney D. L. * Matson D. L. Johnson T. V. Veeder G. J. Davies A. G. Myriads of Small, Hot Eruptions on Io [#1617] Should events such as the Tvashar fire fountain be expected? Examination of the Galileo NIMS C3 data set shows that the chances of observing some level of active volcanism in any given area covering at least 135 km2 is quite reasonable.

Rathbun J. A. * Spencer J. R. Tamppari L. K. Modeling Jo's Heat Flow: Constraints from Galileo PPR Data [#1180] We attempt to improve on previous Io heat flow estimates by using higher resolution data from Galileo PPR and improved thermophysical models of the surface, including finite thermal inertia, the pedestal effect, and disk-resolved radiance.

McEwen A. S. * Belton M. J. S. Breneman H. H. Collins G. Geissler P. Head J. W. Johnson T.V. Keszthelyi L. Klaasen K. P. Lopes-Gautier R. Magee K. P. Milazzo M. Moore J. M. Pappalardo R. T. Phillips C. B. Radebaugh J. Schuster P. Simonelli D.P. Turtle E. P. Williams D. A. High-Resolution Images of Io from Galileo SSI [#1995] Galileo has returned new high-resolution images of Io. Here we provide an overview of the encounters and science results.

12 31st LPSC Program Geissler P. E.* McEwen A. S. Phillips C. Keszthelyi L. Turtle E. Milazzo M. Lopes-Gautier R. Simonelli D.P. Williams D. A. Galileo Imaging Team New Results on Ia's Color and Composition [#1968] Galileo' s recent high-resolution imaging provides new insights into the nature of Io' s colorful surface, shedding light on the composition and origin of pyroclastic deposits and suggesting that Io' s mysterious green spots are due to coating or alteration of silicate lavas.

Schuster P. * Oberst J. Hoffmeister A. Neukum G. Galileo Imaging Team Io Control Point and the Elevation of Geological Features [#2043] Having established a control net and shape model for Io we now go a step further and determine absolute height information for selected geological surface features. Presented are the results for seven active plume centers and four mountains.

Radebaugh J. * Keszthelyi L. McEwen A. S. Characteristics of Calderas on Io: Surface Morphology, Sizes, and Distribution [#1983] There are 300 known calderas on Io; these range to >200 km diameter. Io calderas bear similarities to terrestrial calderas, such as steep, curved walls, yet they are unique. Most have one straight wall, copious lava flows, and they vary in size with latitude.

Moore J. M. * Sullivan R. J. Pappalardo R. T. Turtle E. P. Galileo SSI Team Degradation and Deformation of Scarps and Slopes on Io: New Results [#1531] Initial analysis of degradational processes on scarps and slopes on Io using just-acquired images by the Galileo SSI team. Among other results, is evidence for sublimation, sapping, and perhaps "glacial" flow of interstitial volatiles in relief-forming materials.

Turtle E. P. * Jaeger W. L. Keszthelyi L. P. McEwen A. S. Formation Models of Ionian Mountains [#1960] We are using finite-element modeling to simulate formation of Io' s towering mountains, investigating the role played by Io's high global subsidence rate and the relationship between mountains and the calderas that often seem to abut their margins.

McKinnon W. B. * Schenk P.M. Chaos on lo: A Model for Formation of Mountain Blocks by Crustal Heating, Melting and Tilting [#2079] We propose that the geological vigor on Io naturally leads to unstable crustal topography, which when buried by volcanic products, appears as distributed but ephemeral mountains. We draw attention to a parallel process on Europa: chaos formation.

31st LPSC Program 13 Monday, March 13, 2000 MARS GEOPHYSICS 2:30 p.m. Room C

Chairs: P. J. McGovern S. A. Hauck II

Albee A L. * Mars Global Surveyor- Data Return, Current Status, Future [#1296] MGS is now returning large volumes of data from the middle of its two-year mapping mission. Decisions must be made as to how best mitigate the loss of Mars Climate Orbiter.

Smith D. E.* Zuber M. T. SolomonS. C. Phillips R. J. Head J. W. Garvin J. B. Frey H. V. Muhleman D. O. Pettengill G. H. Zwally H. J. Banerdt B. Duxbury T. C. Neumann G. A. Abshire J. B. Latest Results from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) [#1870] Topography observations of Mars being acquired by MOLA are providing data on surface features, polar caps, and clouds, and on possible future landing sites.

Zuber M. T. * Solomon S. C. Phillips R. J. Smith D. E. Tyler G. L. Aharonson O. Balmino G. Banerdt W. B. Head J. W. Johnson C. L. Lemoine F. G. McGovernP. J. Neumann G. A. Rowlands D. D. Sjogren W. L. Zhong S. Crustal Structure of Mars from Mars Global Surveyor Topography and Gravity [#1307] In this analysis we invert global models of Mars' topography from MOLA and gravity from Doppler tracking obtained during the mapping mission ofMGS. We analyze the distribution of Martian crust and discuss implications for Mars' thermal history.

Solomon S. C.* Zuber M. T. Phillips R. J. Smith D. E. Tyler G. L. Aharonson O. Balmino G. Banerdt W. B. Head J. W. Johnson C. L. Lemoine F. G. McGovern P. J. Neumann G. A Rowlands D. D. Sjogren W. L. Zhong S. Lithospheric Structure from Mars Global Surveyor Topography and Gravity and Implications for the Early Thermal Evolution of Mars [#1808] Regional variations in the thickness of the elastic lithosphere on Mars derived from a combined analysis of topography and gravity anomalies determined by Mars Global Surveyor provide new insight into the planet's thermal history.

McGovern P. J. * SolomonS. C. Smith D. E. Zuber M. T. Neumann G. A. Head J. W. Localized Gravity/Topography Admittances on Mars [#1792] Admittances from MGS gravity and topography yield estimates of lithosphere thickness on Mars: central Tharsis > 100 km, Alba Patera= 50 km, southern highlands< 20 km (buts. polar cap> 50 km). Alba Patera and Elysium Rise are similar structures.

Anderson F. S. * Banerdt W. B. Preliminary Admittance Estimates for the Valles Marineris, Mars [#2090] We use the gravity and topography fields derived from Mars Global Surveyor in conjunction with a multi-resolution localization admittance technique to constrain lithospheric structure for the trough system of Valles Marineris on Mars.

Phillips R. J. * Zuber M. T. Hauck S. A. II Williams R. M. Portle K. B. Why is There a Negative Gravity Ring Around Tharsis on Mars? [#1303] The broad-scale component of the negative gravity oval surrounding Tharsis may be due to flexure, and the corresponding trough served to focus fluvial activity through much of Martian history. Some of the fine-scale structure may be buried channels.

14 31st LPSC Program Banerdt W. B. * Golombek M.P. Tectonics of the Tharsis Region of Mars: Insights from MGS Topography and Gravity [#2038] We have investigated the Tharsis region using gravity, topography, and geology to constrain a spherical thin shell model. We find that Tharsis likely formed primarily by volcanic construction, and has been largely unchanged since the Noachian.

Zhong S. * Zuber M. T. Degree I Mantle Convection and the Crustal Dichotomy on Mars [#1265] Degree 1 mantle convection is required to explain the crustal dichotomy on the Mars. We demonstrate that viscosity stratification of Martian mantle can lead to dynamically self-consistent generation of degree 1 mantle convection.

Nimmo F.* Stevenson D. Maximum Martian Crustal Thickness from Viscous Relaxation ofTopography [#1224] Some Martian topography has survived for 4 Ga. We calculate topographic relaxation times for a flow model with exponentially varying viscosity and show that the maximum likely average crustal thickness is 60km.

Kiefer W. S. * Magma Production and Mantle Convection on Mars [#1527] I model magma production due to mantle convection on Mars. Typically only small degrees of partial melt occur. Melting can occur to depths of several hundred km. Two different melting regimes, localized and global, occur depending on lithospheric thickness.

Hauck S. A. II* Phillips R. J. "Mars' Dirty Little Secret" [#1104] Mars' dirty little secret is, though rarely discussed, that thermal history models tend to suggest massive partial melting in the mantle. We investigate the causes and implications of such models for the structure and evolution of the planet.

Senshu H. * Kuramoto K. Matsui T. Early Thermal History of Mars During Accretion [#1925] We construct a new early thermal history model of Mars during runaway growth stage. Our model may explain in part the presence of several geochemical reservoirs in the Martian mantle inferred from isotopic systematics of SNCs.

31st LPSC Program 15 Monday, March 13, 2000 PLANETARY INTERIOR PROCESSES 2:30 p.m. Room D

Chairs: C. R. Neal W. Ertel

Righter K. * Interpreting HSE Contents of Planetary Basalts: The Importance of Sulfide Saturation and Under-Saturation [#1281] Highly siderophile elements provide important constraints on planetary differentiation due to their siderophile behavior. Their interpretation in terms of planetary differentiation models has so far overlooked the importance of sulfide saturation and under-saturation.

Neal C. R. * Ely J. C. Jain J. C. PGE Abundances in Martian Meteorites: No Need for a "Late Veneer" [#1975] POE data from 6 SNC meteorites show generally increasing POE abundance with decreasing age. This is interpreted as changing magmatic activity from widespread, shallow magmatism early on, to plume-type as the planet aged.

Jones J. H. * Similar Early Differentiations for the Moon and Mars [#147 4] Measured and calculated Nd and Hf isotopic compositions for geochemical reservoirs on the Moon and Mars are strikingly similar in some instances. Consequently, a magma ocean model is favored for Mars as well as the Moon.

Ertel W. * Sylvester P. J. Drake M. J. Accretion of the Earth: Implications from Experimental Constraints: Pt [#1285] Pt metal/silicate partition coefficients at 4 kbars decrease by 6 orders of magnitude relative to 1 atm results and then stay constant, suggesting that highly siderophile elements in the Earth's mantle were introduced as a "late veneer".

Scott H. P. * Williams Q. Ryerson F. J. Experimental Constraints on the Chemical Evolution of ley Satellites [#2002] We present experimental results which address three chemical reactions likely to occur within icy satellites: 1) Formation of hydrated silicate minerals; 2) Formation of iron-sulfur alloys; and 3) Oxidation of organic molecules to carbonate minerals.

Rushmer T. * Gaetani G. Jones J. H. Chondrites Under Stress: What Can They Tell Us About Core Formation Processes? [#1673] Results from an experimental deformation study on natural chondrite demonstrate Fe-Ni-0-S liquid mobility, and its resulting geochemical signature, within a solid silicate matrix under low temperature (900° -1 000°C) and high stress conditions.

Fei Y. * Li J. Bertka C. M. The Equation of State of a New Iron-Sulfur Compound (Fe3S) and Its Application to Modeling of the Density of the Martian Core [#1722] We report in situ measurements of the density of a new new iron-sulfur compound Fe3S as a function of pressure. The measured equation of state for Fe3S is used for modeling the density of the Martian core.

16 31st LPSC Program Jacobsen S. B. * Yin Q. Z. Origin of Short-lived Nuclides in the Early Solar System and Application to Early Planetary Differentiation Processes [#2048] Newly developed p-process extinct nuclide chronometers are consistent with a SNAC source and a 10 Ma free decay interval. These chronometers are also of great value for constraining early planetary differentiation processes.

Tera F.* Lead Synchronism, and Search for the Earth's Ancient Crust [#1992] Synchronism, a concept for indentifying closed Pb-Pb systems, is used to identify 4.4 Ga terrestrial crust.

31st LPSC Program 17 Tuesday, March 14, 2000 NEW VIEWS OF THE MOON: THERMAL EVOLUTION AND NATURE OF THE LUNAR INTERIOR I 8:30 a.m. Room A

Chairs: L. R. Gaddis J, J, Gillis

Hood L. L. * Geophysical Constraints on the Lunar Interior: Status and Remaining Issues [#1249] Since the post-Apollo period, a series of developments has led to significant refinements of geophysical constraints on lunar internal structure and bulk composition. These constraints, if they are valid, would impose new limits on lunar origin and early evolution.

Khan A. * Mosegaard K. Rasmussen K. L. Lunar Models Obtained from a Monte Carlo Inversion of Apollo Lunar Seismic P and S-Waves [#1341] Results from a Monte Carlo inversion of the Lunar Seismic P and S-waves has revealed information on the lunar interior down to a depth of 1100 km, indicating a homogenous upper mantle and a high velocity middle mantle.

Neal C. R. * Ryan J. Jain J. C. Chazey W. The Nature of the Lunar Mantle: Generally Chondritic for the Mare Basalt Sources, but with Garnet in the Source of the Volcanic Glasses [#1944] New ICP-MS data for mare basalts demonstrate that the source region is generally chondritic in nature. Differences in trace element ratios between the basalts and volcanic glasses are attributed to garnet in the glass source.

Parmentier E. M. * Zhong S. Zuber M. T. On the Relationship Between Chemical Differentiation and the Origin of Lunar Asymmetries [#1614] We explore a model in which gravitational differentiation of dense, heat producing element-rich magma ocean cumulates can explain and the global asymmetry in KREEP layer thickness and mare basalt distribution.

Lee D-C. * Halliday A. N. Snyder G. A. Taylor L. A. Lu-Hf Systematics and the Early Evolution of the Moon [#1288] Here we present preliminary MC-ICPMS Lu-Hf results for a suite of lunar samples, including the first Lu-Hf data for lunar highland rocks, lunar volcanic glasses, and KREEP basalts, in an attempt to better constrain the origin and chemical evolution of the Moon.

Loper D. E.* Werner C. On the Cause of Lunar Crustal Asymmetries [#17 46] We propose that lunar crustal asymmetries are produced by tilted convection within the lunar magma ocean with the orientation of tilt being controlled by a small lateral variation in cooling rate produced by the proximity of Earth.

Longhi J. * Anorthosite Petrogenesis Revisited [#2097] New calculations show that 300-500 km magma ocean crystallization plausibly leads to anorthosite formation.

Werner C.* Loper D. E. On the Origin of Lunar Mascons [#1752] Mascons are the result of non-hydrostatic volcanic emplacement of dense basalts within the near-side impact basins. The overpressures were produced by "second boiling" of the residues of the lunar magma ocean beneath these basins.

18 31st LPSC Program Ojima K. * Abe Y. Constraints on the Origin of Large-Scale Lunar Topographies from the Observed Admittance: Viscous Relaxation with Lunar Thermal History [#1727] The formation mechanism of the large-scale lunar topographies is constrained from the topography-gravity relationship and visco-elastic relaxation model. Acceptable mechanisms include large impacts and! or underplating with strong dynamic support.

Wiechert U. * Halliday A. N. Lee D. C. Snyder G. A Taylor L A. Rumble D. Oxygen Isotope Homogeneity of the Moon [#1669] High precision 160, 170, and 180 measurements for 33 lunar samples are reported and consequences for the origin of non-chondritic tungsten isotope ratios of some lunar samples are discussed.

Shearer C. K. * Righter K. Tungsten Partitioning in Silicates. A Key to Understanding the Early Evolution of the Moon [#1411] We investigate the partitioning behavior ofW in a variety of silicates that may have been stable during LMO crystallization, evaluate their role in generating W isotopic signatures, and speculate about the early differentiation of the Moon.

Hess P. C.* Petrogenesis of Lunar Troctolites -Implications for the Moon and Its Evolution [#1389] Source rocks for lunar troctolites are very Mg* olivine-rich, orthopyroxene cumulates hybridized with ferroan anorthosite and small quantities of KREEP. Implications are that the Moon is Mg* 88, has low Cpx norms and (Sm/Nd)cH> L

Jakes P. * Jambon A. The Composition of the Earth's Lower Mantle and the Bulk Composition of the Moon [#1228] New model of lower mantle composition of the Earth (Albarede and van der Hilst) corresponds much better with the refractory composition of the bulk Moon.

Jist LPSC Program 19 Tuesday, March 14, 2000 MARS SURFACE: UP CLOSE Session dedicated to the memory of Henry]. Moore 8:30 a.m. Room B

Henry J. Moore was a pioneer of planetary geology, particularly of the use of quantitative analysis to support geological interpretations. Recruited to the U.S. Geological Survey's Branch of Astrogeology in 1960 by its founder, Gene Shoemaker, Henry remained a Branch member until his death from a heart attack in September 1998. Henry's long and varied career with the Survey covered a variety of topics. Henry mapped the Aristarchus region of the Moon from a telescope; he later devised a new approach that integrated photogeology with other types of remote sensing data to reconstruct the history of a region. Henry studied impact craters made by falling missiles at the White Sands Test Range; after viewing Henry's initial conclusions, the Army immediately classified the data (one could reconstruct whence artillery shells came by examining crater ejecta!). Henry had a lifelong interest in volcanos and lava flows and did important early quantitative work on the physical properties of flowing lava. The latter half of Henry's career was focused on Mars and the physical properties of its surface. His work on soil mechanics from Viking and Pathfinder will help assure the success of future, more advanced roving missions. Henry Moore was a fine scientist and a gentleman. His contributions to our field will be long remembered.

Chairs: R. A. Yingst N. T. Bridges

Foley C. N. * Economou T. E. Dietrich W. Clayton R.N. The Calibration of the Alpha Proton X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) Under Martian Conditions and Its Effect on the Chemical Analysis of the Pathfinder Rocks and Soils [#1952] Pathfinder chemical analyses with the alpha/proton mode have been challenging due to interference from Martian atmosphere. We have tested the mode's accuracy under Martian conditions with an experimentally determined atmosphere subtraction technique.

Bridges N. T. * Crisp J. A Bell J. F. III The Mars Pathfinder APXS Sites: New Insights from Improved IMP Calibration and Image Analysis [#1740] Preliminary results using the latest calibrated IMP images and detailed studies of the photometric geometry, location, and characteristics of each APXS spot are reported.

Dreibus G. * Bruckner J. Wanke H. Phosphorus in Martian Rocks and Soils and the Global Surface Chemistry of Mars as Derived from APXS on Pathfinder [#1127] The Mars Pathfinder Alpha Proton X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) returned information on geochemistry not only of the landing site itself but also about the global Mars. A refined method permitted the determination of phosphorus in soils and rocks.

Smith P. H.* Bos B. J. YingstR. A Lemmon M. T. Blue Mars [#1938] The Pathfinder landing site is different in blue light than reddish light: rocks are bright, and soil contrasts are low. Winds must continually sweep the rocks and soil to preserve local contrasts to counteract falling dust covering objects at the rate of 0.3% per day.

Martin P. D.* Bell J. F. III Murchie S. L. Barnouin-Jha O. S. A Preliminary Re-Classification of Surface Materials at the Mars Pathfinder Landing Site Using Recalibrated IMP SuperPan Data [#2073] We are performing a study of the composition, formation, and evolution of surface materials at the MPF site, focused on soils and dust, using co-registered and recalibrated SuperPan imaging sequences from the Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP).

20 31st LPSC Program Barnouin-Jha O. S. * Murchie S. L. Johnson J. Bell J. F. III Morris R. Rock Coatings at the Mars Pathfinder Landing Site [#1262] We are analyzing Superpan multispectral data to investigate past environments at the Sagan Memorial Station (SMS), as they are recorded in the mineralogy and spatial distribution of rock coatings.

Murchie S. * Barnouin-Jha O. Johnson J. Bell J. F. III McSween H. Morris R. Diverse Rock Types at the Mars Pathfinder Landing Site [#1267] We have found rocks, which previously went umecognized, with infrared absorptions indicative of crystalline iron minerals. These could represent different geologic units than andesitic gray rock or earlier products from a similar magma.

Yingst R. A.* Smith P. H. Multispectral Evidence for a Single Rock Type at the Mars Pathfinder Landing Site [#1422] We attempt to ascertain the magnitude of the effects of illumination variation and mantling dust on spectra from the Mars Pathfinder landing site. These, rather than a variety of petrologies, may control the characteristics of rock spectra.

Cooper C. D.* Mustard J. F. Criteria for Remote Sensing Detection of Sulfate Cemented Soils on Mars [#1747] Reflectance spectra and microprobe maps of cemented palagonite-sulfate mixtures were acquired to study

the effects of cementation on mid-IR spectra. Cemented MgS04 mixtures exhibit an enhanced 9 j..tm sulfate feature due to more pervasive cementation.

McSween H. Y. Jr.* Keil K. Chemical Constraints on the Origin of Martian Global Dust and Its Processing into Soil [#1022] The martian dust composition, estimated from chemical mixing relationships, is most readily explained as resulting from palagonitization of basaltic (not andesitic) glasses. Local or temporal processing has induced other chemical fractionations.

Bishop J. L. * Madsen M. B. Murad E. Wagner P. A. Identification of Crystalline Minerals in Volcanic Alteration Products and Applications to the Surface of Mars [#1874] The chemistry and mineralogy of fine-grained alteration products of volcanic material (Hawaiian islands) are analyzed. Of particular interest are crystalline minerals that could be identified on Mars using structural, magnetic and chemical properties.

Hagerty J. J. * Newsom H. E. Spilde M. N. Hydrothermal Activity at the Lonar Lake Impact Structure: Implications for the Formation of the Martian Soil [#1686] Several characterisitcs of the Lonar Lake crater, including its impact-induced hydrothermal systems, make it an appropriate terrestrial analogue for impact cratering processes on Mars.

Harz F.* See T. H. Mittlefehldt D. W. Galindo C. Golden D. C. Major Element Composition ofthe Impact Melts at Meteor Crater, AZ [#1730] The impact melts at Meteor Crater, AZ are compositionally heterogeneous due to the incomplete mixing of volatile-depleted residues of Kaibab and copious amounts (>20%) of projectile-derived iron; Moenkopi is a minor contributor to some melts.

31st LPSC Program 21 Tuesday, March 14,2000 SPECIAL SESSION NEAR AT EROS! FIRST RESULTS 8:30a.m. Room C

Chairs: N. R. Izenberg D. Domingue

Cheng A. F.* Farqhuar R. W. Holdridge M. Santo A. and the NEAR Team The NEAR Mission at Eros: An Overview [INVITEDt]

Veverka J.* Bell J. F. III BellM. E. Chapman C. Cheng A. F. Carcich -q_ Clark B. E. Domingue D. Gaffey M. J. Harch A. Hawkins E. Izenberg N. R. Joseph J. Lucey P. Malin M. Martin P. D. McFadden L. Merline W. J. Miller J. K. Murchie S. Owen W. M. Jr. Peterson C. Prockter L. Robinson M.S. Thomas P. Warren J. Wellnitz D. Williams B. G. NEAR at Eros: Overview of Imaging and Spectral Results [INVITEDt]

Robinson M.S.* Bell J. F. III BellM. E. Chapman C. Cheng A. F. Carcich B. Clark B. E. Domingue D. Gaffey M. J. Harch A. Hawkins E. Izenberg N. R. Joseph J. Lucey P. G. Malin M. Martin P. D. McFadden L.A. Merline W. J. Murchie S. Peterson C. Prockter L. Thomas P. Veverka J. Warren J. Wellnitz D. Geology of Eros [INVITEDt]

Chapman C.* Bell J. F. III BellM. E. Cheng A. F. Carcich B. Clark B. E. Domingue D. Gaffey M. J. Harch A. Hawkins E. Izenberg N. R. Joseph J. Lucey P. G. Malin M. Martin P. D. McFadden L.A. Merline W. J. Murchie S. Peterson C. Prockter L. Robinson M.S. Thomas P. Veverka J. Warren J. Wellnitz D. Collisional History of Eros [INVITEDt]

Bell J. F. III* Izenberg N. R. Clark B. E. Murchie S. Martin P. D. McFadden L.A. Wellnitz D. Lucey P. G. Gaffey M. J. Warren J. Veverka J. Chapman C. Merline W. J. Robinson M.S. Thomas P. Joseph J. Carcich B. Harch A. BellM. E. Peterson C. Malin M. Initial Results from the NEARINIS Spectroscopy Investigation at Eros [INVITED t]

Acuna M. H.* Russell C. T. Mulligan T. Anderson B. J. Zanetti L. J. Lohr D. Hayes J. Toth B. A. Omidi N. NEAR Magnetic Field Observations at 433 Eros: First Results [INVITEDt]

Zuber M. T* Smith D. E. Cheng A. F. Garvin J. B. Neumann G. A. Cole T. D. Guo Y. Preliminary Results from the NEAR Laser Rangefinder Investigation [INVITEDt]

Trombka J. 1.* Boynton W. V. Briickner J. Squyres S. W. Arnold J. R. Evans L. G. Starr R. Gorenstein P. Hurley K. McCoy T. Reedy R. BaileyS. Bhangoo J. Clark P. E. FloydS. R. Gold R. McClanahan T. McCartney E. McNutt R. L. Jr. Mikheeva I. Murphy M. E. Nittler L. Preliminary Results from the NEAR X-Ray/Gamma-Ray Spectrometer [INVITEDt]

Yeomans D. K.* Antreasian P. G. Barriot J.P. Cheng A. F. Chesley S. Dunham D. W. Farqhuar R. W. Giogini J.D. Helfrich C. L Konopliv A. S. McAdams J. V. Miller J. K. Owen W. M. Jr. Scheeres D. J. Thomas P. C. Veverka J. Williams B. G. NEAR Radio Science Results at Eros -A First Look [INVITEDt]

t 20-minute invited presentation

22 31st LPSC Program Tuesday, March 14,2000 ACHONDRITE POTPOURRI 8:30 a.m. Room D

Chairs: D. A. Papanastassiou J. S. Delaney

Shukolyukov A * Lugmair G. W. The 53Mn- 53Cr Isotope Systematics of the Enstatite Achondrites [#1473] We discuss the chronology of the enstatite achondrite parent body based on the study of the 53Mn-53 Cr isotope system in the aubrites Pena Blanca Spring, Bishopville, and Cumberland Falls.

Lorenzetti S. Eugster O. * Break-up History of the Enstatite Achondrite (Aubrite) Parent Asteroid [#1017] We determined the cosmic-ray exposure (CRE) ages of four antarctic aubrites. The results lie in a range of 20-74 Ma and support the previously known CRE age clusterings around 50 and 20 Ma. LEW87007 contains large amounts of solar gases.

Fogel R. A*

Thefo2 of Aubrite Formation: Limits from Iron L-Line Electron Microprobe Analyses of Three Aubrites [#2068] Fe-contents of aubrite and Happy Canyon enstatites have been determined using Fe L-line X-rays. This

technique circumvents contributions from secondary fluorescence. Robust estimates of equilibriumf02 values were made.

Quitte G. * Birck J. L. Allegre C. J. 182Hf- 182W Isotope Systematics ofEucrites [#1441] Eight eucrites analysed with the Hf-W system define a total-rock isochron. The slope indicates a 182Hf/80Hf ratio equal to 8.11 x 1o- 5 at the time of eucrites formation. This result agrees with other chronometric studies on basaltic achondrites.

Srinivasan G. Papanastassiou D. A* Wasserburg G. J. Bhandari N. Goswami J. N. Re-Examination of26Al-26Mg Systematics in the Piplia Kalan Eucrite [#1795] Reaxamination of 26 AI- 26Mg systematics in the Piplia Kalan eucrite gives an initial 26 AlPAI = (2.6 ± 0.5) X 10-{).

Yamaguchi A * Sekine T. Mori H. Shock Experiments of Synthetic Eucrite with Various Initial Temperatures [#1149] Shock effects in samples impacted at room temperature are similar to those of previous studies except the 84GPa sample which shows characterisitic vesiculated texture. Textures of samples impacted at higher inital Ts are slightly different from those shocked at room T.

Busemann H.* Eugster O. Primordial Noble Gases in Lodran Metal Separates and the Tatahouine Diogenite [#1642] New analyses suggest that the trapped Xe isotopic composition in Lodran metal and Tatahouine is a mixture of common planetary-type Xe such as Xe-Q and absorbed atmosphere. In contrast to earlier work, the data do not indicate the presence ofU-Xe.

Floss C.* LEW 86220: Evidence for Melt Migration on the Acapulcoite-Lodranite Parent Body [#1277] LEW86220 is an unusual acapulcoite-lodranite with two distinct lithologies. Trace element data confirm the suggestion of McCoy et al. that it contains a sample of basaltic partial melt that intruded an acapulcoite region of the parent body.

31st LPSC Program 23 Delaney J. S. * Zanda B. Clayton R.N. Mayeda T. Zag (b): A Ferroan Achondrite Intermediate Between Brachinites and Lodranites [#1745] A new achondrite Zag(b) is compositionally and isotopically intermdiate between Brachinites and the lodranite/acapulcoite cluster. Redox processes provide potential genetic links among these groups

Mikouchi T. * McKay G. Le L. Mittlefehldt D. W. Preliminary Examination of Sahara 99555: Mineralogy and Experimental Studies of a New Angrite [#1970] We report mineralogy and experimental petrology of a new angrite Sahara 99555. We believe that it cooled very rapidly near the surface of its parent body and it shows a close affinities to LEW87051 and Asuka 881371.

Goodrich C. A.* Fioretti A.M. Hoppe P. Rare Earth Elements in Primary Melt Inclusions in Olivine in Ureilite Hughes 009 [#1192] REE patterns (measured by SIMS) of pyroxenes and glasses in melt inclusions in olivine in ureilite Hughes 009 are LREE-depleted. The parent magma must, therefore, have been LREE-depleted, and was probably derived from previously-processed material.

Goodrich C. A. Fioretti A. M. * The Parent Magmas of Ureilites FRO 90054 and Hughes 009: Inferences from Melt Inclusions in FRO 90054 [#1226] Melt inclusions in olivine, augite and orthopyroxene in ureilite FRO 90054 are similar to inclusions in olivine in Hughes 009, but offer direct samples of the parent magma at different stages of evolution. They provide new insights into the parent magmas of these ureilites.

Smith C. L. * Franchi I. A. Wright I. P. Grady M. M. Fillinger C. T. Disko Island C-rich Basalts: A Terrestrial Analogue for Ureilite Petrogenesis and Their Carbon Isotope Systematics [#1735] Ureilites, unusual C-rich meteorites, display both primitive and differentiated characteristics. C isotope studies may help to better constrain their petrogenesis. New C isotope data from Disko Island (a possible terrestrial analogue) is presented.

24 31st LPSC Program Tuesday, March 14, 2000 NEW VIEWS OF THE MOON: THERMAL EVOLUTION AND THE NATURE OF THE LUNAR INTERIOR II 1:30 p.m. Room A

Chairs: D. T. Blewett E. M. Parmentier

Pritchard M. E. * Stevenson D. J. The Thermochemical History of the Moon: Constraints and Major Questions [#1878] We review the thermal history models of the Moon, observations that should be used to constrain these models, and themes to be explored in future work. We emphasize the importance of chemistry in thermal models.

Hess P. C.* Parmentier E. M. Thermal Evolution of the Moon with a Thicker KREEP Layer [#1659] We examine the role of a thicken KREEP layer segregated below the crust in the Imbrium region. Such a layer increases in volume and exists for more than 1 Gyr is inconsistent with mascons and the eruption of mare basalts.

Williams J. G. Boggs D. H. Ratcliff J. T. * Yoder C. F. Dickey J. O. Lunar Power Dissipated by Tides and Core-Mantle Interaction [#2018] Analysis of Lunar Laser Ranges gives information on lunar tidal dissipation and a molten core. For the ancient moon tidal heating of the interior and heating at the core-mantle boundary could have rivaled radiogenic heating.

Shearer C. K. * Papike J. J. Compositional Dichotomy of the Mg Suite. Origin and Implications for the Thermal and Compositional Structure of the Lunar Mantle [#1405] The lunar Mg suite contains rocks with contrasting primitive and evolved magmatic chemical signatures. Trace element studies of minerals in this suite of rocks, indicate both compatible (Ni,Co) and incompatible (REE) trace elements are decoupled from the high Mg number.

Schmitt H. H. * Contrary Views on the Origin and Thermal Evolution of the Moon [#1691] Likely explanations for lunar origin and thermal evolution appear to be (1) post-accretion capture and (2) large impact initiated concentration of KREEP components initially contained in a globally homogeneous zone at the base of the crust.

Wieczorek M.A.* Zuber M. T. Phillips R. J. The Control of Magma Buoyancy on the Eruption of Mare Basalts [#1520] We show that crustal thickness is not the sole factor that controls the eruption of mare basalts. Instead, we postulate that magma buoyancy predominantly determines whether or not mare basalts erupt at the surface or form intrusions within the crust.

Neal C. R. * Ely J. C. Jain J. C. The PGE Budget of the Moon: Heterogeneity in the Mare Basalt Source Region [#1961] New PGE data from low- and high-Ti basalts indicate PGE heterogeneity in the mare basalt source and possibly a significant role for metal in the crystallization of the magma ocean.

Jolliff B. L. * Gillis J. J. Haskin L.A. Thorium Mass Balance for the Moon from Lunar Prospector and Sample Data: Implications for Thermal Evolution [#1763] A global lunar mass-balance model forTh based on Lunar Prospector gamma-ray and lunar sample data is presented within the context of major crustal terranes. The consequences of strong enrichment of Th in the Procellarum KREEP Terrane are discussed.

31st LPSC Program ______25 Warren P. H. * Bulk Composition of the Moon as Constrained by Lunar Prospector Th Data, I. Application of Ground Truth for Calibration [#1756] The new gamma-ray spectrometry data set for Th shows an excellent correlation with sample-derived ground truth, but this trend does not pass through O. Recalibration has a significant effect on the implied global mean surface Th concentration.

Haskin L.A.* Gillis J. J. Korotev R. L. Jolliff B. L. The Nature of Mare Basalts in the Procellarum KREEP Terrane [#1661] Unlike Apollo 12 and 15 basalts, many mare lavas of the Procellarum KREEP Terrane (PKT) have Th concentrations of 2.5-6 ppm and perhaps greater, as well as high Ti02. Lunar "picritic" volcanic glasses from the PKT have a similar range.

Hiesinger H.* Head J. W. III WolfU. Neukum G. Lunar Mare Basalts in Oceanus Procellarum: Initial Results on Age and Composition [#1278] We present new crater size-frequency distribution data for spectrally defined basalt units in Oceanus Procellarum. In addition, we report on the geochemical evolution, i.e. the variation of the titanium content of the basalts in Oceanus Procellarum in space and time.

Gillis J. J. * Jolliff B. L. Spudis P. D. Haskin L. A. The Distribution of Mare Source Regions: Evidence Using Remotely Sensed Data [#2089] An assessment of the volume, composition, and duration of mare volcanism using remotely sensed data and how these factors are controlled by the distribution of heat producing elements.

Schultz P. H. * Staid M. Pieters C. M. Recent Lunar Activity: Evidence and Implications [#1919] Impact processes gradually destroy topographic, photometric and spectral contrasts through time. Here we provide observational evidence for extremely well-preserved endogenic features that perhaps are best explained by gas release as recent as the last 1 Ma.

26 31st LPSC Program Tuesday, March 14, 2000 ASTEROIDS AND COMETS 1:30 p.m. Room B

Chairs: M.S. Kelley A. R. Hendrix

Gastineau H. K. * McSween H. Y. Jr. Oxidation During Metamorphism of Ordinary Chondrites and Implications for the NEAR Mission to 433 Eros [#1406] Modal mineralogy and elemental abundances in olivine and low-Ca pyroxenes support the hypothesis that oxidation increases during progressive metamorphism of L and LL chondrites.

Nittler L. R. * Clark P. E. McCoy T. J. Murphy M. E. Trombka J. I. Bulk Compositional Trends in Meteorites: A Guide for Analysis and Interpretation of NEAR XGRS Data from Asteroid 433 Eros [#1711] We have compiled a large database of bulk meteorite elemental compositions. We investigate compositional trends in a variety of meteorite classes to aid in interpretation of NEAR XGRS elemental abundance data from the asteroid Eros.

Britt D. T. * Consolmagno G. J. Modeling the Structure of High Porosity Asteroids [#1800] Simple energy balance calculations suggest that materials in porous asteroids may be sorted by size with smaller size fractions on the surface and larger fractions deeper inside. Friction on the smaller size fractions restrict infilling of deep fractures and voids.

Asphaug E.* The Large, Undisturbed Craters of Mathilde: Evidence for Structural Porosity [#1864] The impact craters on Mathilde are curious in lacking associated ejecta deposits and disruption. Detailed models show that Mathilde's porosity both isolates the shock and enhances ejection speed beyond

Gaffey M. J. * Identifying Asteroidal Parent Bodies of the Meteorites: The Last Lap [#1092] Spectral studies of asteroids and dynamical models have converged to yield, at last, a clear view of asteroid-meteorite linkages. Plausible parent bodies for most meteorite types have either been identified or it has become evident where to search for them.

Wilson L. * Keil K. Crust Development on Differentiated Asteroids [#1576] We discuss issues related to the development of crusts on differentiated asteroids, focussing on differences expected if the source of melts building the crust is a magma ocean formed during accretion or a mantle melted by short-lived radio-isotopes.

Abell P. A. * Gaffey M. J. Probable Geologic Composition, Thermal History, and Meteorite Affinities for Mainbelt Asteroid 349 Dembowska [#1291] Reflectance spectra obtained at sub-Earth latitudes of -65 show Dembowska has a surface composition with a OPX:OL ratio of 45:55 with a variation of -20% and has an albedo spot on its surface indicative of changes in mineralogy or an impact crater.

31st LPSC Program ______27 Burbine T. H.* Binzel R. P. BusS. J. Buchanan P. C. Hinrichs J. L. Meibom A. Hiroi T. Sunshine J. M. Forging Asteroid-Meteorite Relationships Through Reflectance Spectroscopy [#1844] Near-infrared spectra were obtained for 196 asteroids as part of SMASSIR. SMASSIR focused on observing asteroids assumed to be one of the following: (1) olivine-rich, (2) objects with "Vesta-like spectra" (the "Vestoids"), and (3) postulated meteorite parent bodies.

Nuth J. A. III* Hill H. G. M. The Formation Age of Comets: Predicted Physical and Chemical Trends [#1229] The chemical composition of a comet has always been considered to be a function of where it formed in the nebula. We suggest that the most important factor in determining a comet's chemistry might actually be when it formed. Specific predictions are presented.

Mastrapa R. M. E.* Brown R. H. Cohen B. A. Anicich V. G. Dai W. Lunine J. I. Trapping of Volatiles in Amorphous Water Ice [#2020] We present results for low temperature and pressure experiments of ice formation. These experiments were performed for comparison to Kuiper Belt Objects.

SternS. A. Weissman P.R.* Collisional Processing of Proto-Comets in the Primordial Solar Nebula [#1830] We find that icy planetesimals (proto-comets) in the giant planets region of the solar nebula will be collisionally eroded on timescales shorter than their dynamical lifetimes for ejection to the Oort cloud.

Leinhardt Z. M. * Richardson D. C. Quinn T. When Rubble Piles Collide [#1274] We present results from a project using a direct numerical method to map the parameter space of collisions between km-sized spherical rubble piles. We find that our rubble piles are relatively easy to disperse, even at low impact speed.

Bottke W. F. * Morbidelli A. Petit J. M. Gladman B. Jedicke R. Tracking NEAsfrom Their Source Regions to Their Observed Orbits [#1634] We use our estimate of the de biased NEA population and results from numerical integration to determine the inflow/outflow rate of NEAs from their source regions and the asteroid populations in those regions.

28 31st LPSC Program Tuesday, March 14, 2000 MARS: OCEANS, ICE, AND POLAR REGIONS 1:30 p.m. Room C

Chairs: P. C. Thomas S. E. H. Sakimoto

Baker V. R. * Strom R. G. Dohm J. M. Gulick V. C. Kargel J. S. Komatsu G. Ori G. G. Rice J. W. Mars' Oceanus Borealis, Ancient Glaciers, and the MEGAOUTFLO Hypothesis [#1863] Recent results from Global Surveyor corroborate the hypothesis that episodes of outburst flooding produced ponded water and climate change on Mars. This hypothesis colligates diverse facts concerning the Martian landscape and its history into a unified genetic system.

LeeP. * Selective Fluvial Erosion on Mars: Glacial Selective Linear Erosion on Devon Island, Nunavut, Arctic Canada, as a Possible Analog [#2080] The apparent selective nature of fluvial erosion on Mars is discussed in light of observations of landscapes of glacial selective linear erosion observed on Devon Island, Arctic Canada.

Komatsu G.* Rossi A. P. Ormo J. Kargel J. S. Glacier Landforms in the Northeastern Hellas Basin [#1451] New MOC images of the northeastern Hellas basin has revealed numerous dark linear and curvilinear features. These features can be interpreted as iceberg plowmarks based on the geomorphology and associated landforms.

Sakimoto S. E. H. * Garvin J. B. Wright H. Topography of Small Volcanic Edifices in the Mars Northern Polar Region from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter Observations [#1971] Topography of the Borealis Volcanic Field adjacent to and within Chasma Boreale of the Mars Northern Polar Cap. Results suggest that the volcanic field extent and population is larger than previously thought, with primarily fresh-appearing basaltic shield edifice types.

Bleacher J. E.* Garvin J. B. Sakimoto S. E. H. South Polar Pedestal Craters on Mars: Implications for the South Polar Erosional Regimes from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter ( MOLA) Data [#1964] MOLA data are used to examine the topography of two pedestal-type impact craters in the South Polar region of Mars in order to explore the surface material properties.

Kargel J. S. * Tanaka K. L. Baker V. R. Komatsu G. MacAyeal D. R. Formation and Dissociation of Clathrate Hydrates on Mars: Polar Caps, Northern Plains, and Highlands [#1891] C02 hydrate is stable in many environments on Mars. Large amounts should occur at all latitudes in the subsurface. Eight mechanisms of clathrate formation on Mars are considered and geologic implications explored.

Head J. W. III* Extensive South Polar Ice Cap in Middle Mars History?: Tests Using MOLA Data [#1119] An extensive Hesperian-aged volatile-rich south polar deposit underlies the present cap; evidence for subglacial melting indicate that the deposits underwent meltback and liquid water drainage into surrounding lows, including the Argyre basin.

31st LPSC Program ------29 Thomas P. C. * Malin M. C. Edgett K. S. Carr M. H. Hartmann W. K. Ingersoll A. P. James P. B. Soderblom L. A. Veverka J. Sullivan R. Mars' Residual Polar Caps: MOC Images Show Geologic Differences [#1905] Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) images reveal the residual polar caps of Mars to be geologically distinct features and not simply short-term differences in frost cover. These findings are consistent with long-term differences in the polar climates on Mars.

Fishbaugh K. E.* Head J. W. III Comparison of the North and South Polar Caps ofMars: New Insights from MOLA Data [#1637] We use new high-resolution data from MOLA to compare the overall topography and geologic histories of the two Martian polar regions and to highlight some specific outstanding issues such as polar cap ages and evidence of retreat and basal melting.

HerkenhoffK. E.* Bridges N. T. Mariner 9 Photoclinometric Analysis of the South Polar Layered Deposits on Mars [#1731] Photoclinometric analysis of Mariner 9 narrow-angle ( -80 m/pixel) images of the south polar layered deposits indicates that even relatively rough terrains in the images studied rarely include slopes greater than 10 degrees.

Malamud B. D. Turcotte D. L. * Wavelet Analysis of Mars MOLA Topography [#1016] Topography of Mars (MOLA data) has been analyzed using wavelet transforms. A comparison is made between the northern volcanic plains and polar cap. The smoothing of the polar cap is quantified and appears to be related to the depth of the deposits.

Pathare A. V. * Paige D. A. Enhanced Ice Flow at High Martian Obliquity: A Rheological Model of the Polar Layered Deposits [#1571] We propose a Martian Milankovitch model of the rheology of the Polar Layered Deposits involving enhanced ice flow at high obliquity.

Presley M. A. * The Effect of Regional Slopes and Surface Layering on Surface and Subsurface Temperatures: Implications for Landed Environments in Subpolar Terrains [#2039] This study involves the development of a thermal model that is capable of addressing the effect of regional slopes, layers of materials with different thermal properties, and combinations of both factors. The emphasis is on landed environments in martian subpolar terrains.

30 31st LPSC Program Tuesday, March 14, 2000 IMPACT II: TERRESTRIAL IMPACTS 1:30 p.m. RoomD

Chairs: K. O. Pope C. Koeberl

Mazur M. J. * Stewart R. R. The Hotchkiss Structure: A Possible Buried Impact Feature in Alberta, Canada [#1123] The Hotchkiss structure in NW Alberta is an enigmatic feature imaged by several2-D seismic lines. Using 2-D seismic data, this study interprets the current extent of the feature and its pre-erosional dimensions.

Warner M. * Morgan J. 3D Seismic Velocity Structure of the Chicxulub Impact Crater [#1674] 3D seismic velocity tomography over the Chicxulub impact crater reveals size and shape of central uplift, constrains melt-sheet thickness and shows minimal Moho uplift at the crater center.

Collins G. S. * Melosh H. J. Morgan J. V. Warner M. R. Hydrocode Simulations of Chicxulub Crater Collapse [#1733] We have simulated the collapse stage of the Chicxulub crater's development and compared our results with those of the Chicxulub Seismic Experiment in order to answer the enigmatic question of how the intricate structures that characterize complex craters are formed.

Pilkington M. Hildebrand A. R. * Three-Dimensional Magnetic Imaging of the Chicxulub Crater [#1190] Three-dimensional inversion of the magnetic field data over the Chicxulub crater using a two-layer model reveal an upper -45 km radius zone of <5 km-wide anomalies with concentric structure (melt sheet alteration) and a lower -40-km diameter central high (central uplift).

Pope K. O. * Ocampo A. C. Chicxulub High-Altitude Ballistic Ejecta from Central Belize [#1419] Chicxulub ejecta are found in central Belize, 475 km southeast of the impact crater center. These deposits are ballistic ejecta launched along high-altitude trajectories above the atmosphere and deposited as a discontinuous sheet on the terminal Cretaceous land surface.

Dypvik H.* Kyte F. T. Smelror M. Iridium Peaks and Algal Blooms- The Mj¢lnir Impact [#1538] Iridium peaks and algal blooms are related to the late Jurassic Mj0lnir impact. They reflect the environmental influences of the impact, with the disaster species Prasinophytae blooming after the impact, but before deposition of the fireball layer.

Reimold W. U. * Armstrong R. A. Koeberl C. New Results from the Deep Borehole at Morokweng, North West Province, South Africa: Constraints on the Size of this J/K Boundary Age Impact Structure [#1074] The Morokweng impact structure of >340-70 km diameter was formed at 145±2 Ma, the age of the J/K boundary. A 3.4 km drill core from 40 km off the center of Morokweng has been studied. The results indicate an original diameter of75-80 km.

Koeberl C. * Peucker-Ehrenbrink B. Reimold W. U. Meteoritic Component in Impact Melt Rocks from the Morokweng, South Africa, Impact Structure: An Os Isotopic Study [#1595] An Os isotopic study of melt rocks, breccias, and target rocks from the Morokweng structure confirms the presence of a meteoritic component in the melt rocks.

31st LPSC Program 31 Kettrup B. * Deutsch A. Masaitis V. L. Geochemical Heterogeneities of Impact Melt Coated Gneiss Bombs, Popigai Crater, Russia [#1353] Impact melt coated gneiss bombs, Popigai crater, Russia, show geochemical heterogeneities within the gneiss core and the different melt layers. This zoning may document their passage through the fireball from ejection to deposition.

Mittlefehldt D. W. * Harz F. See T. H. Trace Element Chemistry of Meteor Crater Impact-Melt Particles and Target Rocks- Empirical Evidence on the Cratering Process [#1798] Our geochemical study of target rocks and ballistically dispersed impact-melt particles from Meteor Crater shows that the impact melts were formed within the upper -40 m of the target, and that maximum projectile component occurs in melts formed at -10-20 m depth.

Osinski G. R. * Spray J. G. Bunch T. E. GrieveR. A. F. Schutt J. W. Lee P. Post-Impact Hydrothermal Activity at the Haughton Impact Structure, Devon Island, Nunavut, Canada [#1890] Evidence for impact-generated hydrothermal activity is reported from the Haughton crater, Canada. Two distinct settings have been found: (1) pipe structures with marcasite, pyrite and minor chalcopyrite; (2) cavity and fracture fillings with marcasite predominant.

Ames D. E.* Gibson H. L. Watkinson D. H. Controls on Major Impact-induced Hydrothermal System, Sudbury Structure, Canada [#1873] This study resulted in a major advancement in our understanding of, the emplacement mechanisms of crater-fill deposits, crater-collapse, crater floor-fractures and the definition of a major impact-induced hydrothermal system within a large (-200 km) impact crater.

Liu S. * Glass B. P. Comparison of the Stratigraphic Relationship of the Upper Eocene Couplet of Microtektites-Microkrystites Between Holes 689D and 689B [#1847] Comparison of microtektite and microkrystite abundances between ODP holes 689D and 689B indicate a fairly uniform distribution over short distances. The calculated age difference between the two layers in Hole 689B is consistent with former studies.

32 31st LPSC Program Tuesday, March 14, 2000 POSTER SESSION I 7:00 p.m. UHCL

Missions: Mars

Saunders R. S. The Mars Surveyor Program- Planned Orbiter and Lander for 2001 [#1776] Replanning could affect the 2001 mission. The orbiter will arrive at Mars on Oct. 20, 2001, carrying the Gamma Ray Spectrometer (GRS) and the Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS). The Lander is scheduled to land on Mars on January 22, 2002.

Chicarro A. F. Mars Express Mission Status [#1243] The current status of ESA's Mars Express mission to be launched in 2003, including its scientific objectives and instrumentation for both the orbiter spacecraft and the Beagle-2lander, will be presented, together with its mission scenario.

Ferguson D. C. Hillard G. B. MEEC, an MSP 2001 Rover Experiment to Measure Electrostatic Charging in the Martian Atmosphere [#1848] The Mars Experiment on Electrostatic Charging (MEEC), to be flown on the MSP 2001 Marie Curie Rover, is described. It will measure absolute and relative levels of charging in the Martian atmosphere due to traverses and dust-laden winds.

Hillard G. B. Kolecki J. C. Marshall J. R. The Distributed Electrometer Chain (DCE) on the Mars 2003 Lander [#1151] The Distributed Electrometer Chain (DCE) for the Mars 2003 Lander is described.

Thompson T. W. Plaut J. J. Arvidson R. E. Paillou P. Orbital Synthetic Aperture Radar ( SAR) for Mars Post Sample Return Exploration [#1161] A Mars orbital radar mission would use two frequencies to map the planet at 50 m resolution, penetrating 5-10 m. Some areas will be imaged at 5-m resolution. A 50-m resolution topographic map will be acquired, and surface changes detected.

Ozorovich Y. R. Linkin V. M. Smythe W. D. Stoker C. Lee P. Zoubkov B. Babkin F. MARS Electromagnetic Sounding Experiment- MARSES: Comparative Field Exploration on Devon Island and Other Regions [#1253] MARSES is the sounding instrument developed for searching subsurface water, water-ice or permafrost layers. Preliminary results for field investigation has been gained during Devon Island expedition which surface structure is close to Martian conditions.

Williams K. K. Greeley R. Radar Imaging of Subsurface Geology Through Sand: Analysis of Penetration Depth Variables with Implications for Mars Exploration [#1023] Laboratory measurements of radar transmission through sand are used to calculate penetration depth as a function of radar frequency and sand moisture. Results are then discussed in relation to considerations for an imaging radar mission to Mars.

Soderblom L. A. New Short Wavelength Infrared Spectra of Mars from the Miniature Integrated Camera Spectrometer on DSJ [#2087] The purpose of this paper is to report new integrated disk observations of Mars acquired with the MICAS SWIR channel from the DS1 SIC.

31st LPSC Program 33 Wiens R. C. Cremers D. A. Ferris M. Nordholt J. E. Blacic J. D. Lucey P. Sharma S. K. Development of a Prototype Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Instrument with Stand-Off Raman Capabilities as Part of the Mars Instrument Development Program [#1468] LIBS can determine elemental compositions at distances > 20 m with detection limits of tens of hundreds of ppm, and can profile through dust or weathering layers. The LIBS prototype also has some Raman spectroscopy capabilities at typical LIBS distances.

Wang A. Kuebler K. E. Jolliff B. L. Mineral Features of EETA7900I Martian Meteorite Revealed by Point-Counting Raman Measurements as Anticipated for In Situ Exploration on Planetary Surfaces [#1887] The distribution of pyroxenes of different Mg' and olivines of different Fo in lithologies A and B were obtained. Three types of olivine formed at different stages of rock formation were found by point counting Raman measurements along linear traverses.

Moersch J. E. Roush T. L. Farmer J. Hyperspectral Imaging E>:periments in Preparation for Upcoming Mars Missions [#1839] We present several infrared hyperspectral images acquired from the perspective of a rover or lander, similar to those that will be acquired from the Mars Surveyor 2001, 2003, and 2005 missions. Super-resolution techniques are used to enhance detail in the scenes observed.

Glenar D. A. Bjoraker G. Blaney D. Hillman J. AIMS: A Prototype Visible and Near-IR Imaging Spectrometer for Mars Surface Science [#1954] A compact acousto-optic imaging spectrometer (AIMS) is being developed as a prototype instrument for a Mars lander, tunable from 0.5 to 2.3 microns. We describe the design of AIMS and its spectral imaging capabilities.

Musselwhite D. S. Boynton W. V. Ming D. W. Quadlander G. A. Kerry K. E. Bode R. C. BaileyS. H. Ward M.G. Pathare A. V. Lorenz R. D. Kring D. A. Lauer H. V. Jr. Morris R. V. Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Evolved Gas Analysis at Mars Ambient Conditions Using the Thermal Evolved Gas Analyser (TEGA) [#2044] We are conducting DSC/EGA experiments at Mars ambient temperature and pressure using the TEGA engineering model. These tests illustrate the outstanding capabilities of a TEGA-like instrument on the surface of Mars.

Bell J. F. III Cloutis E. A. Klassen D. R. Clark R.N. Spectroscopic Evidence for Diaspore (a-A ZOO H) on Mars [#1227] We have analyzed near-IR telescopic spectra of Mars and have found a match between 3000-4000 nm absorption features detected in Syrtis Major and other dark regions and the aluminum hydroxide mineral diaspore. Here we present our evidence and discuss the implications.

Bell J. F. III WolffM. J. Visible to Near-IR Imaging Spectroscopy of Mars Using HST [#1223] We have obtained new 530-1030 nm high resolution imaging spectroscopic observations of Mars from the Hubble Space Telescope. Initial results and interpretations concerning ferric and ferrous mineralogy of the Martian surface are presented.

Cloutis E. A. Bell J. F. III Mueller T. Pyroxene + Palagonite Mixture Spectra: Effects of Palagonite on Deriving Pyroxene Compositional Information [#1114] The presence of palagonite intimately or areally associated with pyroxene has no discernible effect on pyroxene absorption band wavelength positions. Consequently band positions can be used to derive pyroxene composition.

34 31st LPSC Program Urquhart M. L. Smrekar S. E. Estimation of Soil Thermal Conductivity from a Mars Microprobe-type Penetrator [#1781] We will present laboratory data and model results which show that a Mars Microprobe-type thermal conductivity experiment can be useful on future planetary missions.

Towner M. C. Zarnecki J. C. Leese M. R. Patel M. R. Ringrose T. J. Hathi B. Pullan D. Sims M. R. The Beagle 2 Environment Sensors: Instrument Measurements and Capabilities [#1028] One of the instruments on board the Martian Beagle 2 lander is a suite of sensors for monitoring the local environment, and hence help determine if biological processes could, or still can, exist there.

Bridges J. C. Sims M. R. Donegan S. J. Fillinger C. T. Rothery D. A. Grady M. M. The Beagle 2 Mission and Landing Site Selection [#1586] The Beagle 2 Mars Lander mission of 2003/4 is described. Its principal aim is to detect traces of any life. Areas around Maja Valles and Tritonis Lacus are being considered for potential landing sites.

Kminek G. Bada J. L. Botta O. Glavin D.P. Grunthaner F. J. LaBaw C. C. Serviss O. E. MOD- An In-Situ Organic Detector for the MSR 2003 Mission [#1775] Looking for organic compounds that are essential for biochemistry or indicative of extraterrestrial organic influx is the primary goal of MOD. MOD can also quantify adsorbed and chernisorbed water and evolved carbon dioxide.

Cabrol N. A. Ori G. G. Grin E. A. Marinangeli L. McKay C. P. Marshall J. Thomas H. J. Rabette M. Sims M. Landheim R. Mars Scout: An Astrobiology Micromission to Investigate Martian Environments [#1508] The Mars Scout Mission Concept explores the possibility of sending a series of small, simple, and cheap stations at the surface of Mars which will provide the critical information about environments that are missing today.

Beegle L. W. Noren C. Kanik I. A High-Pressure Hollow Cathode Discharge Source for Ion Mobility Spectrometers for In-Situ Detection of Organic Molecules on Mars [#2040] We have designed, constructed and begun testing of a new high-pressure (5-10 Torr) hollow cathode discharge source (HCDS) that can be utilized as an ionizer for ion mobility spectrometers as well as in a wide variety of mass analyzers.

Neukum G. Jaumann R. Hoffmann H. Behnke T. Pischel R. Roatsch T. Arnold G. Hauber E. Oberst J. HRSC Co-Investigator Team Imaging Goals and Capabilities of the HRSC Camera Experiment Onboard Mars Express [#1906] The HRSC experiment onboard Mars Express will make a major contribution to imaging Mars in reply to the urgent need to complete the Mars reconnaissance at medium and high spatial as well as vertical scales.

Gulick V. C. Morris R. L. Bandari E. B. Roush T. L. Maximizing Science Return from Future Mars Missions with Onboard Image Analyses [#1855] We have developed two new techniques to enhance science return and to decrease returned data volume for near-term Mars missions: 1) multi-spectral image compression and 2) autonomous identification and fusion of in-focus regions in an image series.

Golombek M. Crisp J. Adler M. Manning R. Preliminary Evaluation of Engineering Constraints of Mars Sample Return Landing Sites [#1292] This abstract reports on preliminary evaluation of engineering constraints on potential landing sites for the Mars Sample Return missions.

31st LPSC Program 35 Arvidson R. E. Squyres S. W. Baumgartner E. T. Blaney D. L. Haldemann A. F. Klingelh6fer G. FIDO Rover Trials, Silver Lake, California, in Preparation for the Mars Sample Return Mission [#1085] During field trials in the Mojave Desert, the Mars Sample Return (MSR) prototype rover, FIDO, simulated sampling and exploration activities with a science payload similar to what will be on the MSR rover, validating the mission operations approach.

Lussier J. D. Skiba T. Ziemlewski J. I. McNamara K. M. Stansbery E. K. Agee C. B. Curation and Handling for a Mars Sample Return Mission [#1245] A prototype handling system to provide control of biological contamination of Earth by returned Mars samples while maintaining the chemical and biological integrity of those samples was designed, constructed and tested.

Neal C. R. CAPTEM Recommended Guidelines for Preserving the Integrity of Samples Collected on Mars and Returned to Earth for Analysis [#1953] Preservation of Martian signatures in returned samples from the red planet is paramount in maximizing the scientific return of the mission(s). CAPTEM has made recommendations on how to best preserve the pristinity of Mars samples within mission constraints.

Flynn G. J. Rivers M. SuttonS. R. Eng P. Klock W. X-Ray Computed Microtomography (CMT): A Non-Invasive Screening Tool for Characterization of Returned Rock Cores from Mars and Other Solar System Bodies [#1893] X-ray Computed Micro Tomography (CMT) images of meteorites demonstrate the value of CMT as a non-invasive, non-destructive screening tool for rock cores returned from Mars and other solar system bodies.

Even Mars Has Its Faults

Grosfils E. B. Schultz R. A. Kroeger G. Jager J. Miller G. Wilkins S. Caruso P. The I999 Canyonlands Initiative: Placing New Geophysical Constraints on Nonnal Fault Displacement in Devils Lane Graben [#1940] New seismic refraction and gravity data from Devils Lane North graben in Canyonlands National Park, Utah indicate that fault displacement is much greater than predicted for a fault this length. This has implications for graben interpretation on Mars.

Schultz R. A. Lin J. 3D Nonnal Faulting Models ofValles Marineris, Mars: Geodynamic and Tectonic Implications [#1178] 3D mechanical modeling of main trough faults in Valles Marineris, constrained by MOLA topographic profiles, reveals shallow dips and deep faults, and implies inhomogeneous uplift, extension, and horizontal strain fields of the faulted lithosphere.

Montesi L. G. J. Zuber M. T. Aharonson O. Geometry of Faults Underlying Wrinkle Ridges on Mars: Dynamic Modeling and MOLA Topography [#1927] Topography from MOLA shows systematic dip direction of the faults underlying wrinkle ridges on Mars. The preferential selection of a fault dip over its conjugate is facilitated by a basal shear stress in addition to horizontal compression.

Mege D. Reidel S. P. Two-Dimensional Shortening at Planetary Wrinkle Ridges [#1570] We demonstrate a method for readily estimating two-dimensional horizontal shortening at planetary wrinkle ridges based on structural analysis and displacement-length scaling at the Yakima fold and thrust belt (Columbia Plateau, W A).

36 31st LPSC Program Watters T. R. Robinson M.S. The Topography of Lobate Scarps in Northern Arabia Terra from MOLA Data [#1718] The topography oflobate scarps in northern Arabia Terra is being studied using MOLA data. The relationship of these lobate scarps to the dichotomy boundary suggests that they may be related to its formation.

Ekholm A. G. The Giant Polygons on the Northern Plains ofMars: A Test of a Model for their Formation [#1819] I have used MOLA data to test the theory proposed by McGill and Hills for the formation of the giant polygons on the northern plains of Mars.

Mars Mapping

Hare T. M. Tanaka K. L. PIGWAD- New Functionality for Planetary GIS on the Web [#1889] The planetary GIS website, PIGWAD, which allows visitors to view and query planetary datasets, will be updated with the latest web technologies offering a host of new functionality.

Hare T. M. Tanaka K. L. Using MOLA and MOC in a GIS [#1907] MOLA and MOC datasets have proven to be extremely difficult to use effectively. This abstract will explain the steps we have started to take to help alleviate this problem and also how to apply more analytical power to the datasets.

Kirk R. L. Lee E. M. Sucharski R. M. Richie J. Grecu A. Castro S. K. MDIM 2.0: A Revised Global Digital Image Mosaic of Mars [#2011] A revised version of the USGS global mosaic of -250 m/pixel Viking images of Mars (originally published on 6 CDs in 1991) will be presented. The new mosaic has greatly improved geodetic accuracy and improved cosmetics to better support science and mission planning.

Kirk R. L. Thompson K. T. BeckerT. L. Lee E. M. Photometric Modeling for Planetary Cartography [#2025] Capabilities of new ISIS software for photometric normalization of images are described, including multiple surface scattering models, atmosphere models, and normalization of albedo, topography, or a mixture. Results of photometric modeling are shown.

KirkR. L. Geometric Calibration of the Wide-Angle Mars Orbiter Camera [#2034] A pixel-angle calibration polynomial for the MOC WA Red camera with subpixel residuals across the entire field of view derived from preflight calibration images is given. Inflight calibration is needed to remove a residual systematic error and to calibrate the blue camera.

Gulick V. C. Deardorff D. G. Briggs G. A. Sandstrom T. A. Hung Y. Hand K. P. A Virtual, Collaborative Web Environment for Mars Landing Site Studies [#2028] A virtual, collaborative web environment is being developed to better utilize, visualize, and analyze Mars Global Surveyor data for both landing site and general Mars studies.

Slavney S. Arvidson R. E. Archiving of Mars Global Surveyor Data [#1045] Data products from the Mars Global Surveyor mission are released every three months to the NASA Planetary Data System (PDS) and are distributed online and on compact disc media. The PDS will also release a DVD- ROM containing MGS pre-mapping data.

31st LPSC Program ------37 Herkenhoff K. E. Geologic Map of the MTM 85080 Quadrangle, Planum Boreum Region ofMars [#1166] A 1:500,000-scale geologic map of the MTM 85080 quadrangle will be presented, based on Viking Orbiter images and MGS data. Mapped units include mantle material, polar layered deposits, partial frost cover, and polar ice cap.

Crown D. A. Mest S. C. Geologic Mapping of MTM Quadrangles -45252 and -45257, Reull Vallis Region of Mars [#1969] The current study is a geologic mapping investigation of Mars Transverse Mercator quadr ,ngles -45252 and -45257 intended to examine mechanisms of highland degradation including the relationship ofReull Vallis to surrounding plains.

Mest S. C. Crown D. A. Geologic Mapping of MTM Quadrangles -40252 and -40257, Reull Vallis Region, Mars [#1462] Geologic mapping of MTM Quadrangles -40252 and -40257, Mars resulted in identification of several geologic units and many valley networks within the highlands. This study is intended to further our knowledge of the role of volatiles in the highlands.

Cook A. G. Basilevsky A. T. Hoffmann H. Neukum G. Small-Scale Surface Morphology in the Mouth ofAres and Tiu Valles Region from MOC Images [#1381] A photo geologic and crater counting study was made from 5 high-resolution MOC images for the mouth of Ares and Tiu Valles. The study reveals morphological details such as a wide extension of layered rocks, different amounts of impact craters within different units, etc.

Cook A. C. Mege D. Craddock R. A. Stereo Derived Digital Elevation Models of Mars Fitted to MOLA Profiles [#2008] We fit a Viking Orbiter stereo derived Digital Elevation Model (DEM) to a MOLA profile. Spatial resolution of MOLA derived DEMs are discussed. A limit on stereo image resolution, needed to surpass MOLA DEM spatial resolution is calculated.

Blue Mars

Strom R. G. Komatsu G. Nolan L. Loire Vallis: The Grand Canyon of Mars [#1090] Loire Vallis on Mars is similar in scale, morphology, and morphometry to the Grand Canyon of Arizona. The process of formation, e.g., water run-off and slope processes, may also have been similar.

Berman D. C. Hartmann W. K. Preliminary Observations of Martian Channels from Mars Global Surveyor [#1523] We are beginning a systematic study of channels and report some preliminary observations. Many channels have dune covered floors but some have crater populations that constrain the age of the last flow.

Skinner J. A. Tanaka K. L. Southern Chryse Outflow Channels, Mars: Origin of Reversed Channel Gradients and Chaotic Depressions [#2076] Reversed floor gradients in the southern Chryse outflow channels may in part be explained by local deposition of channel sediments, but likely -200 to 300 m of tectonic uplift has occurred near the mouths of the channel systems.

38 31st LPSC Program Komatsu G. Kargel J. S. Baker V. R. Strom R. G. Ori G. G. Mosangini C. Tanaka K. L. A Chaotic Terrain Formation Hypothesis: Explosive Outgas and Outlaw by Dissociation of Clathrate on Mars [#1434] Chaotic terrain on Mars has destructive landforms connected with outflow channels. We propose that dissociation of clathrate in the Martian crust led to the liquefaction, fluidization, and explosive pulverization of rocks and consequent outflows.

Nelson D. M. Greeley R. Farmer J.D. Kuzmin R. O. Klein H. P. Potential Ancient Fluvial Deposits at the Amenthes Rupes Paleolake, Mars [#1158] The channel and paleolake of Amenthes Rupes is proposed to be an ancient fluvial system on Mars, where inferred fluvial activity occurred during Noachian-Hesperian periods. The paleolake mouth is proposed as a landing site for future Mars missions.

Cabral N. A. Grin E. A. Lacustrine Deltas in Martian Impact Craters: Morphologies, Types, and Significance [#1162] Our poster will present the hydrological, climatological, and potentially exobiological significance of the observed deltas in martian impact craters through time.

Grin E. A. Cabral N. A. Hydrologic and Climatic Significance of Lacustrine Deltas in Martian Impact Craters [#1299] We investigate the conditions of lake generation in impact craters and subsequent deltaic formation, and what is the critical amount of water, and its duration in order to excavate the valleys, form the lake and the delta.

Cabral N. A. Marinangeli L. Grin E. A. Hydrology in the Durius Valles Region: Evaluation of Possible Correlation with Volcanism and Magnetic Anomalies [#1163] We envision the contribution of subglacial flows, hydrothermalism and sapping in the Durius Valles system and the consequences in term of climate on Mars in recent geological times. We evaluate the possible correlation of the hydrology with volcanism and magnetic anomalies.

Craddock R. A. Cook A. C. Classification and Morphometry of Martian Ancient Valley Networks [#1625] A preliminary classification of valley network morphology based on MGS and Viking data is presented. The variety of morphologies indicate that there was a great deal of spatial and temporal variability in how they formed.

Mangold N. Allemand P. Peulvast J.-P. Topography of Ice Related Features on Mars [#1131] The analysis of MOLA profiles of 5 lobate debris aprons on Mars confirms that these features are due to the creep of ice inside rocky debris. The measurement of their volumes gives information on their formation and the origin of interstitial ice.

Rossi A. P. Komatsu G. Kargel J. S. Rock Glacier-like Landforms in Valles Marineris, Mars [#1587] Recent MOC images of the slopes of Valles Marineris revealed landforms such as flow-like features and possible cirques resembling terrestrial rock glaciers. The landforms appear pristine and geologically recent in age.

Fishbaugh K. E. Head J. W. III PrattS. South Polar Chasmata: Analysis of MOLA Data and Evidence for Basal Melting and Ponding in the Prometheus Basin [#1206] MOLA data suggest that basal melting occurred below the Amazonian-aged south polar layered deposits and formed chasmata, flooding the Prometheus basin to depths of hundreds of meters during the Hesperian.

31st LPSC Program 39 Weitz C. M. Parker T. J. New Evidence that the Valles Marineris Interior Layered Deposits Formed in Standing Bodies of Water [#1693] Our results indicate that the best explanation for the origin and current morphology of the Valles Marineris interior layreed deposits is by deposition of sediments, including chemical precipitates, in standing bodies of water.

Baker L. L. WoodS. A Experimental Hydrothemwl Alteration of Mars Analog Rocks [#2046] We are experimentally altering mafic rocks under conditions thought to resemble those in the Martian crust, in order to constrain the conditions under which the alteration minerals in some Martian meteorites may have formed.

Socki R. A Romanek C. S. Gibson E. K. Jr. Formation ofC-13 Enriched Carbonates on the Planet Mars: Clues from Laboratory-produced Cryogenic Calcite [#1885] The production of cryogenic calcite by freezing bicarbonate-rich fluids is accompanied by an isotopic enrichment in C isotopes relative to the bicarbonate. The mechanism of cryogenic calcite formation could explain the presence of 13C enriched carbonate found in ALH8400 1.

Jons H.-P. Kochan H. Fossil Mud Sheet Floods on Mars: H20 or C02 ? [#1764] Instead of water, C02 could have played a major role during the formation of some special features of the martian relief, especially in the vicinity of the polar caps.

Raizer V. Linkin V. M. Ozorovich Y. R. Smythe W. D. Zoubkov B. Babkin F. Active-Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of Martian Permafrost and Subsurface Water [#1258] The investigation of permafrost formation global distribution and their appearance in h :::::1 m thick subsurface layer would be ivestigated successfully by employment of active-passive microwave remote sensing techniques.

Lunar Remote Sensing: Diggin', Minin', and Forty-Ninin'

Maurice S. Feldman W. C. LittleR. Elphic R. C. Lawrence D. J. Gasnault O. Binder A. B. Detection of Sm and Gd with the Lunar Prospector Neutron Spectrometer [#1433] Gd and Sm have been detected on the Moon using epithermal neutron data from the Lunar Prospector Neutron Spectrometer. These data are consistent with previous measurements made using thermal neutron data and LP-GRS thorium data.

Genetay I. Gasnault O. Maurice S. Elphic R. C. Feldman W. C. Lawrence D. J. Lucey P. J. Binder A B. Lunar Geochemical Knowledge from Fast Neutron Data [#1633] LP's Neutron Spectrometer provided the first geochemical data using fast neutrons. These data allow the measurement of Fe, Ti and Ca abundances. Although this flux includes information on AI, Mg and Na, their detections are more difficult at present.

Feldman W. C. Maurice S. Lawrence D. J. Elphic R. C. Gasnault O. Lucey P. G. Binder A. B. Principal Axes of Lunar Composition [#1423] Maps of observables that measure lunar composition were studied to determine their global distribution. Observations suggest the symmetry axes are consistent with a single formative event that structured the global composition of the lunar crust.

40 31st LPSC Program Chevrel S. D. Pinet P. C. Daydou Y. Maurice S. Feldman W. C. Lawrence D. J. Lucey P. G. Fe, Ti and Th Abundances of the Lunar Suiface at Global Scale from UV-VIS Spectral Clementine and Gamma-Ray Lunar Prospector Data [#1629] A statistical analysis of integrated Fe and Ti Clementine and Th Lunar Prospector data permits to identify major compositional trends and domains, corresponding to different rock types, in relation with geological units at the global scale.

Gillis J. J. Jolliff B. L. Korotev R. L. Lawrence D. J. An Empirical Relation Between the Lunar Prospector Gamma-Ray and Soil Sample Th Abundances [#2058] This abstract compares Th abundances for soils from Apollo 12, 14, 16, and the lunar feldspathic meteorites with Th concentrations using a theoretical calibration of the Lunar Prospector gamma-ray data.

Halekas J. S. Mitchell D. L. Lin R. P. Frey S. Acuna M. H. Hood L. L. Binder A Strong Magnetic Anomalies on the Lunar Near Side [#1435] The near side magnetic field is dominated by the demagnetized Imbrium basin and Oceanus Procellarum regions. However, surrounding this area are a number of strong magnetic anomalies, including Rima Sirsalis and Reiner Gamma.

Halekas J. S. Mitchell D. L. Lin R. P. Frey S. Acuna M. H. Hood L. L. Binder A Mapping of the Lunar Crustal Magnetic Field by Lunar Prospector [#1436] Lunar Prospector data show that strong magnetic fields lie antipodal to large impact basins, while the basins are low. This suggests that physical mechanisms associated with the impacts are responsible for the large scale magnetization pattern.

Crider D. H. Vondrak R. R. Comparison of Possible Sources of Lunar Polar Hydrogen Deposits [#1369] We present a model to study the deposition of H at the lunar poles. It assigns the fraction of H migrating to the polar cold traps given an input and predicts the form ofH at the poles. We verify the model and show examples of simulations.

Simpson R. A Further Searches for Lunar Ice in Clementine Bistatic Radar Data [#1080] Clementine investigators have analyzed bistatic radar data and concluded water ice may be present on the Moon. We have been unable to reproduce their results. Here we respond to recent criticisms and suggestions but have found no reason to change our conclusions.

Starr R. Evans L. G. Reedy R. C. Clark P. E. Spectral Unfolding of Lunar Prospector Gamma-Ray Data for Selected Lunar Regions [#1712] Lunar Prospector gamma-ray data have been analyzed for three geologically significant regions: Imbrium, Joule, and Crisium. Spectral deconvolution was used to identify line energies and count rates. Implications of our results are discussed.

LuceyP. G. Thermal Infrared Observations of Moon During Lunar Eclipse [#1533] Newly obtained, high resolution telescopic infrared images of the Moon at lunar eclipse show spatial variations in thermal inertia. The crater Tycho exhibits a polygonal pattern on its floor which may be related to cooling cracks in its melt sheet.

Brown R. H. Bibring J-P. Gondet B. Langevin Y. VIMS Team The VIMS/CASSINI Observation of the Moon [#1794] The Cassini!VIMS visible-IR mapping spectrometer acquired a few images of the Moon, from 0.35 to 3.5 p,m, during the last Earth swingby. Results will be presented and discussed.

31st LPSC Program ------41 SternS. A. Fitzsimmons A. Killen R. M. Potter A. E. A Direct Measurement of Sodium Temperature in the Lunar Atmosphere [#1122] We have measured the temperature of lunar atmospheric sodium via a direct technique (Echelle spectroscopy), and found the dominant population of Na atoms is hot, -1000 K.

Chaussidon M. Robert F. The Lithium Isotopic Composition of the Sun as Recorded by Lunar Soils [#1320] The 7Lil~i isotopic ratio of31±4 found for the solar wind is much lower than previously anticipated from solar physics. This observation implies that between 6 and 19% of the present day photospheric Li was produced in the Sun.

New Views of the Moon: Thermal Evolution and the Nature of the Lunar Interior III

Oleinic O. V. Galkin I. N. Gamburtsev A. G. Lunar Seismicity as Manifestation of Non-Linear Geodynamics [#1316] Experimental data on lunar seismicity are treated in the context of open dynamic non-linear systems. Comparative analysis of dynamics of tidal variations in the lunar and terrestrial media as well as their response to external influence is fulfilled.

Khan A. Mosegaard K. Preliminary Results from a Study of the Free Oscillation Periods of the Moon [#1343] Initial results from an inversion of the periods of free oscillations excited by large meteoroid impacts.

TodaY. Abe Y. Crustal Asymmetry of the Terrestrial Planets: Necessary Consequence of Random Impacts [#1626] Th· origin of crustal asymmetry which induces the offs~t of the center of mass from the center of figure of a planet is a longstanding problem on the crust-manti t•volution. We show such crustal asymmetry is a necessary consequence of random impacts.

Pentecost A.M. Arkani-Hamed J. Origin of the Lunar Mare Basalt [#1984] The existing models of the origin of mare basalt do not satisfy the observations made by Clementine. In particular, they do not explain the lack of pervasive mare flooding of Aitken basin. We propose a model that explains this observation.

Achondrite Potpourri

Welten K. C. Bland P. A. Caffee M. W. Masarik J. RussellS. S. Jull A. J. T. Denyer I. Lloyd J. GradyM. M. Chinguetti- Terrestrial Age and Pre-Atmospheric Radius [#1483] The Chinguetti mesosiderite was found in the Adrar region ofMauretania in 1916. The finder claimed it be only a small fragment of a much larger mass, on the order of 10's of metres across. Our data indicate that, in fact, the pre-atmospheric size of the meteorite was <1m.

Kyte F. T. Langenhorst F. Tepley F. J. III The Eltanin Meteorite: Large Messenger from the HED or Mesosiderite Parent Body? [#1811] Eltanin breccias show shock metamorphism. Some specimens are from an asteroidal regolith that experienced multistage impact events, with peak shock of 30-45 Gpa. Mineralogy and fabric are similar to howardites, but some chemical characteristics are similar to mesosiderites.

42 31st LPSC Program Buchanan P. C. Lindstrom D. J. New Clasts from the Paired Howardites EET87503 and EET87513 [#1714] New clasts were analyzed from the paired howardites EET87503 and EET87513. These clasts show a wide variety of textures and compositions.

Kaneda K. Warren P. H. Miyamoto M. Petrology and Thennal History of Mg-rich Pyroxene Bearing Cumulate Eucrite, Talampaya [#2069] Original structure of Talampaya meteorite, containing Mg-rich pyroxenes, was almost diminished by brecciation, following partial meting and annealing process.

Berczi Sz. Gal-S6lymos K. Lukacs B. Martinas K. Evolution of an Ureilitic Parent Body: Studies on the ALHA 77257,77-4 Ureilite Sample of the NIPR Collection: Implications to Fullerene State of Carbon [#1313] On the basis of our measurements on the ALHA 77257 NIPR ureilite sample and statistical analyses of chondrites and achondrites we place ureilites into the chondritic parent body evolutionary sequence and formulate paradoxes to be solved to ureilitic mantle evolution.

Shock Processes in Meteorites

Kring D. A. Cohen B. A. Swindle T. D. Hill D. H. Regolith Breccia ( Ourique) with Impact Melt Clasts and Other Debris from an H-Chondrite Parent Body [#1688] The Ourique meteorite is a regolith breccia with two types of igneous clasts, one of which was generated by impact melting and reduction of H-chondrite material. Preliminary 39 Ar/40 Ar indicate the impact melt is far older than most other impact melts in H-chondrites.

Marty B. Perron C. Fieni C. Vesicles in Bencubbin: Evidence for Shock-induced Mobilization of Heavy Nitrogen and Rare Gases [#1489] Vacuum crushing of Bencubbin matrix demonstrates strong partitioning of 15N-rich nitrogen and rare gases into vesicles.Vesicle formation occurred after significant production of radiogenic 40 Ar in the host silicates, and before exposure to cosmic rays.

Sharp T. G. El Goresy A. Chen M. Nanocrystalline Maskelynite in the Sixiangkou and Tenham L-6 Chondrites: Microstructures of Shocked Plagioclase with the Hollandite Structure [#2085] We have used TEM to investigate the hollandite-structured high-pressure polymorph of plagioclase in the L6 chondrites Sixiangkou and Tenham. van der Bogert C. H. Schultz P. H. Spray J. G. Defining the Petrology of Pseudotachylytes in Ordinary Chondrites: An Experimental and Deductive Approach [#1962] Evidence for deformation in ordinary chondrites suggests that meteorite evolution involves high strain-rate processes. Unexpected experimental results and an analysis of physical properties of chondrite minerals supports and defines this contention.

Badyukov D. D. Kurat G. Brandstaetter F. Origin of Black Veins in Ordinary Chondrites [#1569] The study of three chondrites indicates a presence of two varieties of black veins. Some veins display evidences of melting and are shock-induced. Other veins are proposed to be a result of a fluid activity. The last can produce blackening too.

31st LPSC Program ------43 Xie Z. Sharp T. G. Mineralogy of Shock-induced Melt Veins in Chondrites as a Function of Shock Grade [#2065] The mineralogy of shock-induced melt veins in 11 L5-L6 chondrites was studied. Here we report the first observation of ringwoodite and majorite in melt veins of the Umbarger chondrite (L6), initially classified as shock grade S4.

Iron Meteorites

Leya I. Wieler R. Herzog G. F. Helium and Neon in Canyon Diablo Spheroids [#1480] Relative to Canyon Diablo meteorites, six Canyon Diablo spheroids contain similar quantities of 4He (10-8 cm3STP/g), -50 to -450, but much less 3He, ::;0.155, and 21 Ne :s;Q.Ol due primarily to gas loss by the spheroids when molten and secondarily, to shielding in space.

Ponganis K. V. Kohl C. P. Marti K. Nitrogen Sources in IABIIIICD Iron Meteorites and Their Implications [#1412] Nitrogen isotopic structures are reported in IAB/IIICD irons. To explain the existence of multiple N sources, models of incomplete mixing of pre-accumulation signatures in several carriers and/or of diffusion-fractionated components are discussed.

Skala R. Drabek M. Variation of Unit-Cell Dimensions of Experimentally Synthesized Members of Fe3P-Ni3P Solid Solution [#1564] Several members ofFe3P-Ni3P solid solution were synthesized and characterized by unit-cell dimensions. Parameters vary with chemistry; the difference between unit cell parameters of end-members reaches up to 1.7% and for the cell volume up to 4.9%.

CAis, Condensation, and Evaporation

Shirai T. Tachibana S. Tsuchiyama A.

Evaporation Rates of Nafrom Na 20-Si02 Melt at 1 atm [#1610] We have carried out evaporation experiments ofNa from Na20-Si02 melt, in which the activity ofNa00.5 is known, at 1atm and obtained a kinetic parameter for evaporation ofNa in order to discuss evaporation of Na during chondrule formation.

Ulyanov A. A. Krot A. N. Meibom A. Brearley A. J. Keil K. Forsteritic Olivine Matrix with Refractmy Inclusions Trapped by a Type AlB CAl from the Reduced CV Chondrite Efremovka: New Type of Pristine Material with Evidence for Pre-Accretionary Alteration [#1439] We describe matrix material trapped in pockets of a Type AlB Ca,Al-rich inclusion (CAl) E48 from the reduced CV chondrite Efremovka.

Krot A. N. McKeegan K. D. Zipfel J. Weisberg M. K. · Meibom A. RussellS. S. Klaus K. Refractory Inclusions and Al-rich Chondrules in Bencubbin!CH-like Carbonaceous Chondrites Hammadah Al Hamra 237 and QUE94411 [#1448] CAls in Hammadah al Hamra 237 and QUE94411 are texturally and mineralogically similar to those in CHs. High abundance of Al-diopside-rich CAis and common presence of forsterite rims are unique features of the CAis in QUE94411 and HH 237.

44 31st LPSC Program Lin Y. Floss C. Stadermann F. J. Zinner E. Kimura M. Isotopic and Trace Element Compositions of Two Unusual Type B Inclusions from the Ningqiang Carbonaceous Chondrite [#1624] We present isotopic and trace element data for two inclusions from the Ningqiang carbonaceous chondrite. The inclusions contain possible relict grains of anorthite and fassaite and one contains a captured grossite-bearing spinel-hibonite spherule.

Imai H. Yurimoto H. Oxygen and Magnesium Isotopic Distributions in a Type-C CAl from the Allende Meteorite [#1510] This study presents that distributions of oxygen isotopes and of 26Mg excesses among and within minerals of a type-C CAI from the Allend meteorite have been measured by SIMS. 26Mg excesses were found in the type-C CAis.

Suzuki T. Morioka M. Nagasawa H. Eu Diffusion in Melilite: The Effect of Oxygen Fugacity [#1589] Diffusion coefficients ofEu in end-member melilites have been measured under atmospheric and Orfree conditions. Diffusion profiles indicate Eu, under both conditions, diffuses with two different mechanisms, possibly due to its oxidation state.

Nazarov M. A. Patchen A. Taylor L. A. Rhonite-bearing Ca,Al-rich Inclusions of the Efremovka (CV3) Chondrite [#1242] Rhonite-bearing CAis of the Efremovka chondrite are free from secondary alteration and contain Ti-rich fassaite. The presence of rhonite might indicate a high Ti!Si ratio in CAI precursor material, coupled with a relatively rapid cooling of their parent melts.

Itoh S. Kojima H. Yurimoto H. Petrography and Oxygen Isotope Chemistry of Calcium-Aluminum Rich Inclusions in CO Chondrites [#1323] This paper presents the relationships between petrologic properties, chemical and oxygen isotopic compositions for individual crystals in CAis from two CO chondrites, Y-81020 (C03.0) and Kainsaz (C03.1-3.2) using secondary ion mass spectrometry.

Young E. D. RussellS. S. Ash R. D. Ultraviolet Laser Ablation Measurements of Oxygen Isotope Ratios in a Leoville Compact Type A CAl [#1837] Laser ablation measurements of oxygen isotope ratios in a compact Type A CAI from the Leoville meteorite exhibit systematic deviations from the CCAM line that characterizes most other CV3 CAis.

Tachibana S. Tsuchiyama A. Nagahara H. Evaporation Kinetics of Enstatite and Mg/Si Fractionation in the Solar Nebula [#1588] Incongruent evaporation kinetics of enstatite (MgSi03) has been examined experimentally in order to simulate the evaporation behavior of enstatite in the solar nebula and discuss the possibility of the Mg/Si fractionation in the nebula

Sindelar M. The Experimental Determination of the Influence of Low Contents of Carbon on the Vaporization of Meteoroids [#1581] Vaporization experiments on peridotite were carried out to determine the influence of low contents (2.5, 5, 10 wt%) of carbon on the vaporization of meteoroids. The relative volatility ofMn, Fe, Cr, Mg, Ni and AI was determined.

31st LPSC Program 45 Martian Meteorites

Vicenzi E. P. Ries B. L. Chun J. A Reflectance Infrared Microprobe Study of Low Temperature Alteration Products in the Lafayette (SNC) Meteorite [#1755] An in situ FTIR microprobe study of the low temperature alteration products in Lafayette meteorite. The question is raised as to the suitability of these materials as analogues for Mars' surface.

Miller M. F. Brack A Baglioni P. Demets R. Franchi I. A. Kurat G. Fillinger C. T. Oxygen Three-Isotope Measurements on the First Artificial Meteorites (The ESA 'Stones' Experiment): Contrasting Behaviour of Dolomite and a Simulated Martian Soil [#1717] Oxygen three-isotope measurements were performed on a dolomite and a simulated Martian soil, flown in space for 16 days on the heat shield of a retrievable Foton capsule. These samples are believed to be the first "artificial meteorites".

Schneider D. M. Hartmann W. K. Benoit P. H. Sears D. W. Fusion Crust Simulation and the Search for Martian Sediments on Earth [#1388] Fusion crusts were produced rocks to determine the appearance of martian sedimentary meteorites. Some crusts resembled those of known meteorites, but carbonates had no crust and sandstones had clear or white crusts.

J agoutz E. Kubny A Vibrational Spectroscopic Study of Feldspathic Glasses in SNC Meteorites [#1218] Infrared and Raman spectroscopic studies of feldspathic glasses in SNC meteorites indicate that the glasses formed by shock-induced melting of feldspar and subsequent quenching.

Delaney J. S. Dyar M.D. Correction of the Calibration ofFerric!F errous Determinations in Pyroxene from Martian Samples and Achondritic Meteorites by Synchrotron MicroXANES Spectroscopy [#1981] Improved calibration procedures and techniques for synchrotron micro-XANES spectroscopy require revision of previously presented ferric/ferrous analyses of pyroxene from Martian meteorites.

Herd C. D. K. Shearer C. K. Papike J. J. Systematics ofNi and Co in Olivine from Planetary Melt Systems: Martian Basalts Dar Al Gani 476 and EETA 7900I [#1390] Ion Probe analysis ofNi and Co in olivine in DaG 476 and EETA79001 demonstrates an increase in Co with decrease in Ni. A comparison with Apollo 12 basalt olivine is given, and possible mechanisms to explain the unusual Co behavior are presented.

Greenwood J.P. Warren P. H. Rubin A E. Late-Stage Crystallization Features of Los Angeles, a New Basaltic Shergottite [#2074] Late-stage crystallization features of the new basaltic shergottite find Los Angeles are presented.

Greshake A Stephan T. Rost D. Combined TEM and TOF-SIMS Study of Symplectic Exsolutions in Olivine from the Martian Meteorites Nakhla and Governador Valadarez [#1150] Exsolutions from olivine in Nakhla and Governador Valadarez were studied on the nm-scale by TEM and TOF-SIMS. Chemical composition and microstructure of the exsolutions confirm the formation of these meteorites at low cooling rates and highly oxidizing conditions.

Wasserman A. A Bertka C. M. An Experimental Study of the Formation of Symplectic Lamellae in the Nakhlite Martian Meteorites [#1516] We explore the formation of symplectic lamellae and magnetite-pyroxene intergrowths in Nakhlite Martian meteorites by oxidizing synthesized olivine crystals at varying temperature and oxygen fugacity conditions.

46 3Ist LPSC Program Weber I. Greshake A. Bischoff A. Low-Cristobalite in the Martian Meteorite Zagami [#1342] We clearly identified low-cristobalite in Zagami. This phase forms at temperatures >1200°C. Therefore low-cristobalite is the result of high temperature annealing due to disequilibrium shock pressures.

Corrigan C. M. Harvey R. P. Bradley J. Sodium-bearing Pyroxene inALH 84001 [#1762] The mineral acmite has been identified in euhedral cavities in ALH 84001. This Na-bearing pyroxene is usually associated with igneous or metamorphic conditions in terrestrial settings, but its occurrence here suggests an origin as a precipitate.

"NEAR Relations"

Barnouin-Jha O. S. Cheng A. F. Expected Crater Distributions on Asteroid 433 Eros [#1255] Anticipating the NEAR spacecraft arrival at asteroid 433 Eros, we predict the impact flux and crater distributions on Eros using a new computational method.

Martin P. D. Bell J. F. III Clark B. E. BellM. E. Carcich B. Harch A. Joseph J. Peterson C. Thomas P. VeverkaJ. IzenbergN. MurchieS.L. WarrenJ. DorningueD. McFaddenL.A. Wellnitz D. D. Chapman C. R. Merline W. Robinson M.S. Gaffey M. J. Kirk R. Lucey P. G. MalinM. A Science-driven Processing Pipeline for the NIS Spectrometer Onboard the NEAR Spacecraft [#1379] Onboard NEAR, the Near Infrared Spectrometer (NIS) will collect spectral data of the surface of Eros and perform a systematic mapping of the asteroid. A science-driven processing pipeline for the NIS spectrometer is presented.

Clark P. E. Murphy M. E. Nittler L. R. Interpreting NEAR XGRS Results for the Class S Asteroid 433 Eros with an Interactive Meteorite Database [#1644] The NEAR X-ray spectrometer, based on calculations using an interactive meteorite database, should be able to identify potential meteorite class and subclass analogues on a scale of 2 to 3 kilometers on asteroid 433 Eros.

Li H. Robinson M. Murchie S. Neubert J. Remediation of Scattered Light in NEAR MSI Images [#1790] The PSF of the NEAR camera was derived from star images, and used as an input to an FFT-base image restoration algorithm to correct the effects of scattered light.

Outer Planet Satellites

Zolotov M. Yu. Fegley B. Jr. Volcanic Degassing of Hydrogen Compounds on Io [#1186] Thermodynamic calculations show that hydrogen, recently detected in Io's ionosphere by the Galileo spacecraft, can degas from high-temperature silicate magmas on Io in the form of H20, H2S, HS, NaOH, H 2, KOH, and HCl in order of decreasing abundance.

Cataldo V. Wilson L. Theoretical Comparison Between Explosive Volcanic Eruptions Issuing from Circular and Fissure Vents on Io [#1705] We derive formulae for the sizes of optically dense (i.e. incandescent) lava fountains on Io and assess how thermal output will change with vent geometry.

31st LPSC Program 47 Williams D. A. Greeley R. Galileo SSI Team Lava Channels on Io: Latest Galileo Imaging Results [#1723] We discuss the evidence for channel- and tube-fed lava flows in the latest Galileo images of Jupiter's volcanically active moon, Io.

Turtle E. P. Keszthelyi L. P. McEwen A. S. Milazzo M. Simonelli D.P. Observations of Ionian Mountains [#1948] In October and November 1999, Galileo observed several of Io's towering mountains and plateaus at resolutions ranging from 9 to 1500 rn!pixel. These images show the morphologies of Ionian mountains and yield clues about their origins and evolution.

Pappalardo R. T. Patel J. G. Collins G. C. Prockter L. M. Head J. W. Morphology and Evolution of Ridge and Trough Terrain on Ganymede [#1989] The morphological variety of Ganymede's ridge and trough terrains (including bright "grooved terrain") are categorized to better understand the range in deformational styles and formational processes, and to constrain evolutionary sequence.

Collins G. C. Head J. W. Pappalardo R. T. Galileo SSI team A Global Database of Grooves and Dark Terrain on Ganymede, Enabling Quantitative Assessment of Terrain Features [#1034] A GIS database has been constructed of every groove and dark terrain polygon on Ganymede discernable with current regional imaging data. The database allows quantitative analysis of terrain features (e.g., 35% of Ganymede is dark terrain).

Wagner R. J. WolfU. Neukum G. Greeley R. Klemaszewski J. E. Galileo SSI Team Callisto During the Galileo Europa Mission (GEM) I: Geology and Stratigraphy of the C20 Target Areas [#1826] In this paper, geological units, stratigraphy and crater size-frequency distributions of selected target areas observed by the Galileo SSI camera during orbit C20 are discussed. Possible cryovolcanic activity on Callisto is investigated.

Wagner R. J. WolfU. Neukum G. Greeley R. Klemaszewski J. E. Galileo SSI Team Callisto During the Galileo Europa Mission (GEM) II: Geology and Stratigraphy of the C21 Target Area [#1955] In this paper, geological units, stratigraphy and crater size-frequency distributions of the C21 target area observed by the Galileo SSI camera are discussed.

Klemaszewski J. E. Greeley R. Model Assessment and Refinement of Multiring Structures on Callisto from Galileo SSI Data Analysis [#2064] Multiring impact structures have been identified on several planetary objects, including the Moon, Mercury, Ganymede and Callisto. Galileo solid-state imaging data of multiring structures on Callisto allow for the testing and refinement of multiring-structure models.

Bierhaus E. B. Chapman C. R. Merline W. J. Greeley R. Klemaszewski J. Small Crater Populations on Callisto [#1996] New high resolution Galileo images of Callisto show a greater small crater density, by a factor of several, than seen in previous images.

Hansen G. B. McCord T. B. Amorphous and Crystalline Ice on the Galilean Satellites: A Balance Between Thermal and Radiolytic Processes [#1630] The lattice order of water ice becomes more crystalline with higher temperature and/or time, while it can be disrupted by particle radiation. The crystal properties observed on the Galilean satellites reflect the balance between these processes.

48 31st LPSC Program Bills B. G. Ray R. D. Energy Dissipation by Tides and Librations in Synchronous Satellites [#1709] Energy dissipation associated with physicallibrations of large synchronous satellites may be important for maintaining internal fluid layers. Depending on the depth and viscosity of the fluid layer, viscous heating from librations may exceeed that from tides.

Shandera S. E. Lorenz R. D. Thermal Conductivity and Microwave Absorptivity ofAmmonia Hydrate Ice [#1485] NHrrich water ice has a much lower thermal conductivity than pure ice. The low k may steepen the geotherm on Titan, making a molten layer only 20 km beneath the surface. While pure ice is radar-transparent, we find NHrrich ice is quite absorbing.

Brooks S. M. Esposito L. W. Throop H. B. Photometry of Jupiter's Main Ring Through Galileo SSI Imaging [#2083] We present our initial results from our photometric analysis of Jupiter's main ring. Our findings are compared with results from similar analysis performed on Voyager imaging data.

Nazzario R. Hyde T. W. Dust Grain Orbital Behavior Around Neptune [#1663] This paper investigates the orbital behavior of individual dust grains around Neptune after being ejected from one of the three inner moons.

Mercury

Starukhina L. V. High Radar Response of Mercury Polar Regions: Water Ice or Cold Silicates? [#1301] High radar response of the polar regions of Mercury may be due not to water ice but to decrease of the dielectric loss of silicate materials with temperature. There are no irrefutable evidence of water on atmosphereless inner planets and asteroids.

Slade M.A. Harcke L. J. Jurgens R. F. Harmon J. K. Zebker H. A. Standish E. M. 3.5-cm Imaging of the Mercury North Polar Radar-Bright Features [#1305] In July 1999, the first Goldstone full-disk radar imaging of Mercury using the "random-long-code" (RLC) technique produced images of the north polar radar-bright features at 3.5-cm wavelength.

Impact Theory and Experiment

Wallis D. Kearsley A. T. Dunkin S. K. Solomon C. J. McBride N. Modelling Planetary Craters with Orthogonal Functions [#1640] Impact crater morphology may allow details of the impact event to be established. A high resolution gridded data set can be reduced to a simple set of parameters by describing the crater shape function in terms of a circular orthogonal expansion.

King D. T. Jr. Petruny L. W. Astrostratigraphic Units- Some Proposed Nomenclature for Terrestrial Impact-derived and Impact-related Materials [#2019] Astrostratigraphic units are bodies of rock and (or) sediment unified by their specific relationship to a terrestrial impact event or closely related terrestrial impact events.

31st LPSC Program ______49 Vezolainen A. V. Water Masers During Expansion of Vapor Cloud Produced by a Comet or Planetesimal Impact onto an Airless Planet [#2024] During expansion of the vapor cloud created by an impact of a comet or planetesimal onto an airless planet the 22 GHz water maser emission occurs. Maser produced by a 10m (or larger) comet impacted the Moon can be observed from the Earth.

Ivanov B. A. The Model for Secondary Crater's Distribution [#1782] The paper presents the general formalism for the model construction of secondary crater population and gives one simple example of how it can be used in practice. However the application of the model to real data is postponed before the official publication of data.

Artemieva N. A. Shuvalov V. V. Model of Disrupted Meteoroid Passage Through Planetary Atmosphere [#1543] 3D modeling of separate fragments motion is conducted to define drag, lift and heat transfer coefficients. The results are used in a set of meteor physics equations for real events on the Earth and possible impacts on Mars and Venus.

Korycansky D. G. Zahnle K. High Resolution Calculations ofAsteroid Impacts into the Venusian Atmosphere [#1444] We present results from a number of 2-D high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations of asteroids striking the atmosphere of Venus, using the numerical code ZEUS.

Artem'eva N. A. Shuvalov V. V. Trubetskaya I. A. Lunar Leonid Meteors- Numerical Simulations [#1402] Numerical simulations of Leonid stream impacts against the Moon are conducted to define luminous efficiency of the event and to estimate size of the particles.

Nemtchinov I. V. Spalding R. E. Shuvalov V. V. Artem'eva N. A. Kosarev I. B. Popel S. I. Large Meteoroid Impacts and Transient Lunar Atmosphere [#1334] Physical processes accompanying impacts of large meteoroids onto the Moon are discussed. The influence of the impacts on transient lunar atmosphere is studied.

Wallis D. Dunkin S. K. Solomon C. J. McBride N. The Mmphology of Hadley Crater on the Moon [#1654] Hadley crater is a good example of simple planetary impact crater morphology. It has been described in detail by converting a high resolution Apollo contour map to a representation in terms of the coefficients of a circular orthogonal expansion.

Schultz P. H. Reineck J. T. Anderson J. L. B. Using 3-D PIV in Laboratory Impact Experiments [#1902] Three Dimensional Particle Imaging Velocimetry (3D PIV) tested at the NASA AVGR provides a revolutionary new strategy for exploring impact phenomena in laboratory experiments.

Shuvalov V. V. Radiation Impulse of Chicxulub Impact [#1568] Numerical simulations of all stages of Chicxulub impact including a flight through the atmosphere, cratering and plume rising were used to calculate radiation impulse on the Earth's surface and to estimate an area of wildfires origin.

50 31st LPSC Program Terrestrial Impact Craters

WichmanR. W. Volcanically Modified Impact Craters (Part 2): Where on Earth Could They Be? [#1943] Varied magmatic and sedimentation rates should affect the likelihood of impact volcanism. Mid-ocean ridges are likely sites; magmatic arcs, unlikely. Continental rifts may be the best sites for preservation on land.

Xiang J. X. Xiang F. Yuan G. H. The Dabie Mountains Archean Crust-Nucleus Structure and Its Megameteorite Impacted Origin [#1134] Taking the Dabie Mountains area of Central China as an example, it is shown that the rock assemblages are controlled by megameteorite impacted structures (MIS) and are formed from megameteorite impacted basins.

Buthman D. B. 3D Seismic Investigation of Marquez Dome, East Texas [#1362] Detailed structural geology of the Marquez Dome impact structure, Leon County, Texas, based on 3D seismic data volume.

Poag C. W. Foster D. Chesapeake Bay Impact Crater: New Seismic Evidence of a Central Peak [#1358] New multichannel seismic reflection data from the Chesapeake Bay impact crater clearly document the presence of a crystalline central peak inside its peak ring. A simultaneous marine gravity survey shows the central peak and peak ring as positive anomalies.

Comstock J. M. Morrow J. R. Peerless Structure Southwestern Daniels County, Montana: A Probable Mid-Ordovician Impact Event [#1297] Peerless structure, northeast Montana, is a 6.5-km diameter subsurface anomaly buried at a depth of -2500- 2900 m. Based on seismic, well cutting, wireline log and petrographic data, Peerless is interpreted to be a mid-Ordovician age complex crater.

Jamison A. A. Recent Structural Studies Along the Rand Anticline, Northern Margin of the Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa [#1621] The Vredefort Impact event is recorded as one episode of deformation along the Rand Anticline and in the Wits Basin. New studies are revealing more about the age, sequence and significance of these episodes.

Antoine L.A. G. MasterS. Reimold W. U. Geophysical Evidence for Possible Large Impact Craters in the Archean Shield of Northern Gabon (Central Africa) [#1802] Two large (90 and 50 km diameter) circular aeromagnetic anomalies have been found in the Archean shield of northern Gabon (west-central Africa). The anomalies have many attributes which are consistent with impact structures.

Croskell M. S. Mechanisms Involved in the Formation of the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Layer [#2084] The fundamental processes involved in the production ofthe KIT boundary layer are detailed in light of the geological idiosyncracies which they help to explain.

Koeberl C. Reimold W. U. King D. T. Jr. Ingram S. L. Sr. The Kilmichael Structure, Mississippi: No Evidence for an Impact Origin from a Preliminary Petrographic Study [#1602] A petrographic study of 20 mostly sandy samples from a drill core near the center of the Kilmichael structure failed to detect evidence for shock metamorphic effects.

31st LPSC Program 51 Miura Y. Fukuyama S. Williams I. Spherules and Zircons at the Takamatsu Crater in Japan [#1645] We discovered various zircon minerals and Fe-Ni particles from the Takamatsu crater in Japan. There are seven kinds of zircons with three different ages from Prothlith to Miocene Epoch, where zircons in spherule are formed in Miocene Epoch.

Glass B. P. Relict Zircon Inclusions in Muong Nang-type Australasian Tektites: Implications Regarding the Location of the Source Crater [#1196] Zircons in Muong Nong-type Australasian tekites show signs of extreme heating, but little evidence of decomposition to baddeleyite. If zircons were found with evidence of breakdown, their geographic distribution would help locate the source crater.

Howard K. T. Bunopas S. Burrett C. F. Haines P. W. Norman M.D. The 770 Ka Tektite Producing Impact Event: Evidence for Distal Environmental Effects in NE Thailand [#1308] Catastrophic flood deposits in NE Thailand contain impact products including suspected micro glasses, shocked quartz and "cored" inclusions. These are associated with burnt and shattered trees, relating to environmental catastrophe associated with the 770 ka impact event.

Berczi Sz. Lukacs B. Ti:iri:ik K. Snouted Spherules in the Carpathian Basin and on Antarctica [#1219] We compared the snouted spherules from the Carpathian Basin and from Antarctica, we could distinguish them on the basis of shape, color, chemical composition peculiarities from other impact spherule groups and suggest that they may have common origin.

Kletetschka G. Taylor P. T. Wasilewski P. J. Magnetism ofCarbonados [#1450] Origin of Carbonado is not clear. Magnetism of Carbonado comes from the surface, indicating contemporary formation of both the surface and magnetic carriers. The interior of carbonado is relatively free of magnetic phases.

McHone J. F. Killgore M. Kudryavtsev A. Cristobalite Inclusions in Libyan Desert Glass; Confirmation Using Raman Spectroscopy [#1877] Using nondestructive Raman Spectroscopy, mineral spherules embedded in Libyan Desert Glasses are unambiguously identified as cristobalite.

Lapke C. Schmitt R. T. Kenkmann T. Sti:iffler D. Raman Microspectrometry of Shocked Graphite and Impact Diamonds from the Ries Crater, Germany [#1040] This study presents preliminary results of a systematic Raman microspectrometry investigation on shocked graphite (shock stageS 0-S III) and shock-produced diamonds (shock stageS III) from the Ries crater, Germany.

Kerschhofer L. Kettrup B. Deutsch A. Masaitis V. Al-rich Orthopyroxenes in Impact Melt Coatings of Gneiss Bombs from Popigai!Russia [#1360] This abstract reports the finding of small orthopyroxene crystals in the melt coatings of gneiss bombs found at the Popigai structure/Russia. The pyroxenes are unusual because they contain relatively large amounts of AI.

Whitehead J. Spray J. G. GrieveR. A. F. Papanastassiou D. A. Ngo H. H. Wasserburg G. J. Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd of Upper Eocene Microtektites: A Potential Popigai Source [#1373] A Nd and Sr isotope study of upper Eocene marine microtektites and microspherules help resolve the contentious number of isotopically distinguishable upper Eocene impact ejecta layers and suggest a Popigai, Siberian source for the microspherules.

52 31st LPSC Program Buchanan P. C. Reimold W. U. Koeberl C. Additional Petrogenetic Modeling of the Dullstroom Formation, South Africa [#1838] Additional petrogenetic modeling of the Dullstroom Formation volcanic rocks suggests that low-Ti and high-Ti suites are the result of long-term compositional variations in the subcontinental lithosphere of southern Africa.

Planetary Interior Processes

Martin P. Vocadlo L. Price G. D. Equations of State of Iron Sulphide ( F eS) and the Martian Interior [#1344] The relative stabilities and equations of state of stoichiometric iron sulphide polymorphs have been investigated using first-principles pseudopotential calculations. The results of this study may be used to constrain models of planetary interiors.

Ginsberg S. B. Groebner N.J. Kohlstedt D. L. Shear Localization in Partinally Molten Crustal Rocks [#1368] We deformed samples of anorthite and anorthite+ mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) in simple shear at high pressure and temperature. Deformation caused the MORB to segregate into fine-grained regions of the sample, and align subparallel to the maximum principle stress.

Xirouchakis D. Hirschmann M. M. Draper D. S. The Effect ofAlkalis and Titanium on the Fe-Mg K0 Between Olivine and Liquid [#1430] Experimental evidence shows that compositional effects on Fe-Mg exchange between olivine and liquid cannot be overlooked. High contents of alkalis and/or titanium decrease KD, in contrast to the weak positive pressure dependence.

Nikolaeva O. V. Abdrakhimov A.M. Geochemical Databases of Unaltered Igneous Rocks from the Typical Geodynamical Enviroments of Earth for Planetological Comparisons [#1708] The databases with petrochemical and petrographical rock characteristics were compiled with the aim of planetological geochemical comparisons for three geodynamic environments of the oceanic magmatism.

Missions and Experiments

Jurewicz A. J. G. Burnett D. S. Wiens R. C. Woolum D. Genesis Solar-Wind Sample Return Mission: The Materials [#1783] This abstract is a brief overview of the Genesis mission. Included is an instrument description, what materials were chosen for capturing solar wind and why, and information as to what will be available for analysis when the samples return to Earth in 2003.

Butterworth A. L. Franchi I. A. Fillinger C. T. Solar Wind Sample Return from Genesis: Towards the Extraction and Isotope Ratio Measurement of Nanogram Quantities of Oxygen Implanted into Diamond [#1704] A laser ablation technique is described which allows recovery of oxygen implanted into diamond films for isotopic analysis. The system allows a high degree of depth resolution necessary to resolve terrestrial contamination.

31st LPSC Program ______53 Clark P. E. McKenna Lawlor S. CurtisS. Marr G. Giles B. LUGH, the Proposed Mercury Express Mission, as an Ideal, Current, Low-Cost, Low-Risk Option for Mercury Exploration [#1302] We propose an ESA Flexi Mission, LUGH, Mercury Express Mission, an extremely fast, low cost, low risk, high return, three-platform, multiple flyby mission which would provide data which are unique and complimentary to recently selected long lead time Mercury missions.

Grande M. Browning R. Waltham N. Kent B. Kellett B. Perry C. H. Swinyard B. Phillips K. Huo.venin J. Thomas N. Livi S. Mal U. Hughes D. Alleyne H. Grady M. Lundin R. Barabash S. Baker D. Murray C. D. Guest J. Dunkin S. K. Casanova I. Maurice S. Foing B. Lunar Elemental Composition and Investigations with D-CIXS X-Ray Mapping Spectrometer on Smart-! [#1442] The D-CIXS Compact X-ray Spectrometer will produce a global map of absolute elemental abundances of the Moon, the primary science target of the ESA SMART -I mission. This within a resource envelope far smaller than previously thought possible for this type of instrument.

Iwata T. Namiki N. Kawano N. Takano T. System Design of SELENE Relay Satellite for Selenodesy [#1628] We report the conceptual study of the SELENE Relay Satellite for selenodesy which will be launched in 2004. Four-way Doppler measurements and two-way ranging measurements relayed by the Relay Satellite will be made to make the global maps of the lunar gravity field.

Dunkin S. K. Grande M. Heather D. J. Alleyne H. Casanova I. Christou A. Clark P. E. Fernandes V. A. Foing B. H. Huovenin J. Kaukkanen J. Kellett B. J. RussellS. S. Swinyard B. Vilhu O. The D-CIXS X-ray Spectrometer on ESA 's SMART-I Mission to the Moon: Science Objectives [#1648] The D-CIXS X-ray spectrometer will fly onboard ESA's SMART-I mission to the Moon in 2002. We present here some science objectives for the instrument.

Foing B. H. Racca G. R. Marini A. Grande M. Keller U. Josset J. L. less L. Laakso H. SMART-I Team Status of SMART-I ESA Mission to the Moon [#1677] SMART-I, approved in November I999, will test new technologies and primary Solar Electrical Propulsion. SMART-I will be launched in 2002 and will be placed in lunar orbit. Its science/technology payload includes compact X-ray and IR spectrometers, and a micro-camera.

Foing B. H. Duke M. Galimov E. Mizutani H. ILEWG Exploration and Utilisation ofthe Moon: ICEUM4, ESTEC 10-15 July 2000 [#1757] The International Lunar Exploration Working Group (ILEWG) was established in I995 for developing an international strategy for the exploration of the Moon. We discuss ILEWG goals and the next International Conference on the Exploration and Utilisation of the Moon ICEUM4.

Haruyama J. Otake H. Ohtake M. Shiraishi A. Hirata N. Matsunaga T. LISM (Lunar Imager/SpectroMeter) Mission for SELENE Project [#1317] LISM is an optical instrument for a Japanese lunar mission, SELENE mission, launched in 2004. By three sub-instruments ofLISM, we will obtain stereo-images, multi-band images and spectral profiles of the Moon surface, globally and in detail.

Manifold J.D. Cooper B. L. BienhoffD. A Mass Spectrometer for Lunar Geological Exploration: In Situ Investigation as Part of a Commercial Robotic Sample Return Mission [#1304] Applied Space Resources, Inc. (ASR) plans to launch a spacecraft similar in concept to the Soviet Luna I6, 20, and 24 missions ofthe 1970s. One scientific payload left on the Moon by that spacecraft will be the Regolith Evolved Gas Analyzer (REGA).

54 31st LPSC Program Agosto B. Fluorination of Lunar Ilmenite for In-Situ Production of Lunar Oxygen, Iron, and Titanium [#1554] Oxygen can be quantitatively extracted in-situ by fluorination of lunar ilmenite. The resulting metal fluoride separates can be reduced to Fe and Ti metal by reduction with Na derived from electrolysis of fused alkali fluorides transported from Earth as the fluorine source.

Wdowiak T. J. Agresti D. G. Clemett S. J. MALDI for Europa Planetary Science and Exobiology [#1487] TOF MS for Europa landed science can identify small molecules of the cryosphere and complex biomolecules upwelling from a subsurface water ocean. A matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization (MALDI) testbed for cryo-ice mixtures is being developed.

Garry J. R. C. Wright I. P. The Cutting Strength of Cryogenic Water Ice [#1982] Competent water ice samples at cryogenic temperatures have been cored with low applied forces and torques to yield values for the cutting strength.

Towner M. C. Zarnecki J. C. Marcou G. The Acoustic Signals Generated During Penetrometer Impacts into Granular Materials: Implications for Huygens [#1345] Investigation into combining data from the Huygens penetrometer and acoustic sensor indicate that this is unlikely to aid analysis of the impact site. Terrestrially, an acoustic sensor is shown to be a useful sensor for penetrometry target analysis.

Ringrose T. J. Hathi B. Leese M. R. Towner M. C. Patel M. R. Banaszkiewicz M. Zarnecki J. C. Thermal Properties Instrument for Measurements on Titan [#1027] The thermal properties sensor (THP) is part of the European Space Agency's Huygens probe. The THP sensor is primarily designed to measure the thermal conductivity of Titan's surface and atmosphere during the descent phase.

Gladstone G. R. Slater D. Young L.A. SternS. A. Clarke J. T. Applications of the ALICE UVS for Outer Planet Studies [#2092] The ALICE Ultraviolet Spectrometer (UVS) designed for the Rosetta mission has potential applications for other solar system studies as well. As a particular example, we investigate the abilites of the ALICE UVS for observing a solar occultation and airglow at Pluto.

Economou T. E. The Chemical Composition of an Asteroid Surface by the Alpha X-Ray Spectrometer on the MUSES-C Mission Lander [#1861] The Alpha X-ray Spectrometer (AXS), which is a dwarfish derivative of the Pathfinder APXS, was selected for the Japanese/NASA MUSES-C asteroid mission. Riding on a 1 kg nanorover, the AXS will provide a complete chemical composition of the asteroid surface.

Romstedt J. Riedler W. Torkar K. Arends H. Gavira J. Riidenauer F. Fehringer M. Kassing R. Hickel A. Midas Team The Midas Instrument on the Rosetta Mission [#1742] The MIDAS instrument is part of the scientific payload on the international Rosetta mission to comet 46/P Wirtanen. It will collect dust particles in the cometary environment and image them at nm-scale resolution.

31st LPSC Program 55 Instrumental Techniques

Brinckerhoff W. B. Cornish T. J. McEntire R. W. Cheng A. F. Benson R. C. Toward an In Situ Organic and Atomic Microprobe with Laser TOF-MS [#1817] We present details of a new miniature laser time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS) with improved resolution and sensitivity, for in situ analysis of elemental, isotopic, and organic/molecular composition.

Castracane J. Schultz P. H. Gutin M. A. Gutin O. N. MEMS-based Ultra-Spectrometer (MEMUS): Status Report [#1694] Micro-electromechanical system technology (MEMS) is allowing the development of a radical new design for compact spectrometers that provide both a survey and high resolution spectrograph in one instrument without mechanically changing gratings.

Aleon J. Chaussidon M. Marty B. Isotopic Ratios Measurements in Micron Sized Single Particles at a Per Mil Scale [#1574] A method is developed to measure isotopic ratios at a per mil level in micrometric single particles such as IDPs. Microbeam imaging is done with a Cameca IMS 1270 ion probe. A< 5 %o reproducibility is achieved for 8180 in 1 Jlm particles.

Ocker K. D. Thonnard N. Gilmour J.D. Joyner C. F. The Path to Krypton and Xenon Isotopic Measurements from Few-Micron Sized Samples: III Kr Calibration and First Applications of the RIS-TOF System [#2012] We describe progress towards the micron-scale analysis of krypton isotopes in extraterrestrial material.

Delaney J. S. SuttonS. R. Newville M. Jones J. H. Hanson B. Dyar M. D. Schreiber H. Synchrotron Micro-XANES Measurements of Vanadium Oxidation State in Glasses as a Function of Oxygen Fugacity: Experimental Calibration of Data Relevant to Partition Coefficient Determination [#1806] Oxidation state microanalyses for V in glass have been made by calibrating XANES spectral features with

optical spectroscopic measurements. The oxidation state change withf02 will strongly influence partitioning results.

Bonnefoy N. Brissaud O. Schmitt B. Doute S. Fily M. Grundy W. Rabou P. An Optimized Spectrophoto-Goniometer to Measure Bidirectional Reflectance of Granular Surfaces. Application to Sulfur Powder [#1579] Reflectance measurements of sulfur powder have been performed in the UV and visible ranges using an optimized spectrophoto-goniometer. It may help in understanding the photometric properties of Ia's surface.

Dyar M.D. Delaney J. S. SuttonS. R. Advances in Interpretation of Fe XANES Pre-Edge Spectra, and Resultant Improvements in Microanalysis of Ferric/Ferrous Ratios on Thin Sections [#1337] Analysis of ferric and ferrous iron at thin section scales is critical to study of future sample returns. Synchrotron micro-XANES offers the most promise. Reported insights into interpretation of Fe pre-edge spectra reduce its errors to< ±5%.

Jurewicz A J. G. Mih D. T. Jones S. M. Connolly H. X-Ray Imaging Applied to Problems in Planetary Materials [#1836] Real-time radiography (X-ray imaging) can be a useful tool for tasks such as (1) the non-destructive, preliminary examination of opaque samples and (2) optimizing how to section opaque samples for more traditional microscopy and chemical analysis.

56 31st LPSC Program Moss C. E. Ianakiev K. D. Prettyman T. H. Reedy R. C. Smith M. K. Sweet M. R. Arrays of Encapsulated CdZnTe Gamma-Ray Detectors for Planetary Missions [#1827] Recent results from encapsulated multi-element CdZnTe room-temperature semiconductor gamma-ray detectors are presented. Our multi-element-array design is a good low-mass and low-power candidate for elemental mapping on future planetary missions.

Grant J. A. Schutz A. E. Campbell B. A. Development of a Rover Deployed Ground Penetrating Radar [#1535] Development of a rover deployable GPR involves: the nearly finished design and testing of a transducer array with high frequency (bistatic) and low frequency (monostatic) components; and design and development of a complete impulse GPR system.

McHone J. F. Wdowiak T. J. An Impact Tool for In Situ Planetary Geology [#1525] A repeating impact tool using the electrolysis of water to produce an oxygen-hydrogen propellant has been developed for in-situ planetary geology by robotic means.

Sears D. W. G. Stites W. E. Kral T. Roe L. Benoit P. H. McKeever S. W. S. Lepper K. Kochan H. HuebnerW. Andromeda: A Large Environmental Chamber for Planetary Science Research [#1464] Andromeda, a large environmental chamber being installed at the University of Arkansas, and several planned projects (meteorite genesis, spacecraft structures, sediment dating, and life processes on Mars) are described.

Zimmerman S. B. Harbert W. Application of a GIS Technique to Lineaments Mapped from SAR Data [#1452] Lineaments mapped from ERS 112 SAR used in a GIS analysis for tectonic study at Cape Kamchatka, Russia with application to other SAR data sets.

Space Science Education

Urquhart M. L. Probing Below the Surface of Mars: Bringing a Mars Mission into the Classroom [#1211] Probing Below the Surface of Mars is a classroom-tested activity with versions for grades 5-8 and 9-12 available at http://lyra.colorado.edu/sbo/mary/mars/, and is matched to National Science and Mathematics Education Standards.

Klug S. L. Christensen P.R. ASU Mars K-12 Education and Outreach Program: Using the Broad-based Educational and Public Interest in Mars Exploration to Stimulate Science Learning in a Variety of Settings [#1530] The ASU Mars K-12 Education Outreach Program continues to create an array of dynamic programs that will increase and strengthen science learning and overall science literacy by using the excitement of real-time Mars exploration as the "hook."

Heather D. J. Dunkin S. K. Martin P. Balme M. Mars in the Classroom- An Update [#1339] Mars In The Classroom is a modular scheme of workshops for science students age 13-16 in the UK, during which they work in teams to design a manned mission to Mars, learning about the planet and developing fundamental science skills as they progress.

31st LPSC Program ------______57 Dusenbery P. B. Farrand W. H. MarsQuest: A Traveling Exhibit and Educational Program [#1977] The MarsQuest project is a major science education and public outreach effort. It consists of a traveling museum exhibition with an associated planetarium presentation as well as K-12 educational programs and various outreach efforts.

Arvidson R. E. Bowman J. D. Dunham C. D. Anderson R. C. Backes P. Baumgartner E. T. Bell J. Dworetzky S.C. Klug S. Peck N. Sherman D. Squyres S. W. Tuttle D. Waldron A.M. Student Participation in Mars Sample Return Rover Field Tests, Silver Lake, California [#1049] An integrated team of students and teachers from four high schools across the country developed and implemented their own mission of exploration and discovery using the Mars Sample Return prototype rover, FIDO, at Silver Lake in the Mojave Desert.

Newsom H. E. Sorge C. Hagerty J. J. Addressing the Misconceptions of Middle School Students About Becoming a Scientist or Engineer [#1515] Assessment of our educational outreach program shows that students and their parents are excited about space science, but stereotypes about science and scientists drastically effect student attitudes about science and pursuing a technical career.

Bonett D. M. Little K. E. Bringing Space Science into the Kindergarten Classroom [#1536] With the advent of probes to Mars and the construction of the ISS, it is not presumptuous to introduce 5 year-olds to space science. A variety of projects have been implemented to integrate space science into the Kindergarten curriculum.

Nehru C. E. Teaching Earth Science Using Historical and Current News Anecdotes and Connections [#1741] Using historical and current news anecdotes and connections along with a flexible approach in the classroom is advocated in teaching Earth Science to students. An array of topics useful for classroom discussions is given.

CroftS. K. McGee S.M. Hornyak J. Coffield J. Astronomy Village®: Investigating the Solar System; "Fun Science" in Middle School [#1652] "Astronomy Village®: Investigating the Solar System" is a recently completed multimedia educational package designed to teach earth and planetary science at the middle school level.

RowlandS. K. Mouginis-Mark P. J. MacKay M. E. NASA Volcanology Field Workshops on Active Hawaiian Volcanoes [#1555] NASA's PGG program has sponsored five volcanology field workshops. We discuss the topics covered, lessons learned, and future of these workshops.

Taylor G. J. MartelL. M. V. Planetary Science Research Discoveries (PSRD): Effective Education and Outreach Website at http://www. soest. hawaii. edu/PSRdiscoveries [#1991] PSRD website reports the latest research about planets, meteorites, and other solar system bodies being made by NASA-sponsored scientists. In-depth articles explain research results and give insights to contemporary questions in planetary science.

Laufer R. Oberst J. Tost W. Jaumann R. The Web Pages of the DLR Institute of Space Sensor Technology and Planetary Exploration, Germany: Visitor Statistics and Lessons Learned [#1635] We maintain web pages on planetary exploration missions for the German-speaking public and have monitored the web traffic since 1997. Access statistics and possible lessons for public outreach activities are presented.

58 31st LPSC Program Lindstrom M. Allen J. Tobola K. JSC Astrobiology and Astromaterials Teacher Intern Program [#1801] In 1999 JSC hosted eight teacher interns in Astrobiology and Astromaterials. Interns worked with scientist-mentors and developed classroom activities about martian meteorite research.

Lindstrom M. Sumners C. Thompson P. ReiffP. Galvez J. Stocco M. Allen J. Destination Moon: A Planetarium Show Based on Museum-Scientist Collaboration [#1793] Destination Moon planetarium show opened in July 1999 at Houston Museum of Natural Science based on collaboration of JSC, LPI, Rice and HMNS. It depicts the triumphs of Apollo, knowledge from scientific studies, and visions of future human exploration.

Albin E. F. Remote Planetary Science Education with an Automated 0.9 Meter Telescope [#1239] Recently, the Fernbank (Atlanta, GA) 0.9 m telescope received a major electronic and software upgrade. The observatory's telescope, dome, and CCD imaging system have been fully automated. The telescope will soon be available for remote lunar and planetary studies.

Roark J. Frey H. Sakimoto S. Interactive Graphics Tools for Analysis of MOLA and Other Data [#2026] We have developed several interactive analysis tools based on the IDL programming language for the analysis of MOLA profile and gridded data which are available to the general community.

Diosy T. Rosko F. Gninicz K. Drommer B. Hegyi S. Herbert J. Keresztesi M. Kovacs B. Fabriczy A. Berczi Sz. Hunveyor-1 and -2: Experimental University Lander Developments on the Eotvos (Budapest) and JPTE (Pees) Universities in Hungary: New Instrument Assemblages [#1153] We report about the construction of new instrument assemblages on the Hunveyor-1 and -2 experimental university lander space probes in Hungary: a) soil analyser units, b) optic-chemical sensor units, c) Martian landscape arrangement around Hunveyor-1.

Hegyi S. Kovacs B. Keresztesi M. Beres Cs. Z. Gimesi L. Imrek Gy. Lengyel P. Herbert J. Experiments on the Planetary Lander Station and on Its Rover Units of the Janus Pannonius University, Pees, Hungary [#1103] JPTE University of Pees, Hungary developed a planetary robot station, which consist of a lander and several rovers around. It can only be used in education of experiment planning of robotics and optical sensor measurement in chemistry, design, and construction.

Rosko F. Diosy T. Berczi Sz. Fabriczy A. Cech V. Hegyi S. Spectrometry of the NASA Lunar Sample Educational Set [#1572] We constructed a reflectance spectrometer for our Hunveyor university planetary lander, we used it in measuring the NASA Lunar Sample Thin Section Set. Basalts and breccias were grouped, pyroxene band and some spectral characteristics of lunar samples were found.

Berczi Sz. Fabriczy A. Cech V. Don Gy. Jozsa S. Lukacs B. Maros G. Solt P. Szabo Soki L. Szakrnany Gy. How We Used NASA Lunar Sample Set in Making Solar System and Planetary Evolution Educational Videofilm Series [#1687] We made two videofilms and third is in the making. 1) Evolution of a large (Moon) and a small (Chondritic asteroidal) planetary body, 2) Spherules in the evolution of the Solar System, and 3) Great periods of basaltogenesis in the evolution of Earth, Mars, Moon and Vesta.

31st LPSC Program 59 Berczi Sz. Lukacs B. Holba A. J6zsa S. Kubovics I. Puskas Z. Szakmany Gy. The NIPR Antarctic Meteorite Thin Section Educational Set [#1199] The most useful systematic collection of the meteorite types and classes is this excellent Antarctic Meteorite thin section set made for educational purposes, but can be well used in studying thermal history and evolution of asteroidal sized solar system bodies.

Zinovieva N. G. Mitreikina O. B. Granovsky L. B. Origin of Jadeite-Ureyite-bearing Pyroxene in Ordinary Chondrite: Evidence for Significant Pressure in the Parental Bodies [#1064] The crystallization of unusual, ureyite- and jadeite-rich pyroxene in the chondrules of ordinary chondrites is demonstrated to be indicative of significant pressures in the parental bodies.

60 31st LPSC Program Wednesday, March 15, 2000 REFRACTORY INCLUSIONS 8:30 a.m. Room A

Chairs: S. B. Simon F. M. Richter

MacPherson G. J. * Russ G. R. Convergent Evolution of CA/s and Chondrules: Evidence from Bulk Compositions and a Cosmochemical Phase Diagram [#1796] Bulk compositions of CAIs, Mg-rich chondrules, and Al-rich chondrules define a continuous but non-linear trend in CMAS space that mimics equilibrium condensation. The trend may actually represent convergent evolution of CAis and chondrules.

Connolly H. C. Jr.* Burnett D. S. The Remelting of Type B CA/s: Relationships Between the Minor Element Concentrations in Spinels to Their Host Silicates [#1440] We show that relationships exist between the minor element chemistry of spinels from three type B CAis and their host silicate compositions. The observed trends can only be explained by the partial remelting of these CAis.

Hsu W. * Russ G. R. Wasserburg G. J. Compound CAl and Multi-Stage Formation: Evidence of 26Al Abundances from the Allende 5241 CAl [#1734] Different 26 AlPAI ratios were found among distinct petrographic components in a single CAL This study provides evidence of multi-stage formation of CAl and resolves the small time intervals (0.1 Myr) that associated with the early solar events.

Ito M. * Yurimoto H. Nagasawa H. A Study of Mg and K Isotopes in Allende CA/s: Implication to the Time Scale for the Multiple Heating Processes [#1600] For the purpose of estimating the time scale of the melting stages, 26Mg and 41 K excesses in the Allende CAis with known 0 isotopic distributions have been measured by SIMS. There is no excess of 41 K and 6 CZ AlP Al)0 is close to the canonical value.

SimonS. B. * Ebel D. S. Grossman L. Davis A.M. Coarse-grained Refractory Inclusions: Condensates, Evaporation Residues, or Both? Evidence from Major Element Bulk Compositions [#1076] We corrected reported CAl compositions to the solar Ca0/Al20 3 ratio by addition or subtraction of spinel and compare the revised compositions to those calculated for bulk equilibrium condensates and for partially evaporated equilibrium condensates.

Ebel D. S. * Grossman L. SimonS. B. Davis A.M. Richter F. M. Parsad N. M. Evaporation and the Isotopic Composition of Type A and B Refractory Inclusions [#1077] We show how to calculate the chemical evolution of non-ideal CaO-Mg0-Al20rSi02 liquids undergoing open system evaporation into pure H2 gas. The model is used to explain the degree of mass fractionation of Mg and Si isotopic compositions in CAis.

Parsad N. Richter F. M. * Davis A. M. Hashimoto A. x Elemental and Isotopic Fractionation of CAl Liquids at T=l773K and PH2=1.9 lrr' Bar [#1956] Evaporation of CAl liquids under plausible nebular conditions gives residues that have less Mg isotopic fractionation than expected from theory. Evaporation rates ofMg and Si are about a factor of20 lower than those calculated from equilibrium vapor pressures.

31st LPSC Program 61 Yurimoto H. * Koike O. Nagahara H. Morioka M. Nagasawa H. Heterogeneous Distribution ofMg Isotopes in Anorthite Single Crystal from Type-B CA!s in Allende Meteorite [#1593] Heterogeneous Mg isotope distribution of intra-crystal of anorthite has been observed in a type B 1 CAl from Allende. Origin of the heterogeneous distribution was evaluated by differences between Mg self diffusivity and MgSi-AlAl inter-diffusivity.

Wasson J. T. * Yurimoto H. RussellS. S. The Abundance of160-rich Melilite in CO Chondrites; The Possible Role ofAqueous Alteration [#2075] C03.0 chondrites have suffered minimal aqueous alteration. Their melilite 11170 values are very low, like spinel. Perhaps nebular melilite had such compositions but most were reset to higher 11170 during aqueous alteration.

Guan Y. * McKeegan K. D. MacPherson G. J. Oxygen Isotopes of CA!s from Unequilibrated Enstatite Chondrites: Characteristics and Implications [#1744] Ion microprobe analyses of ten CAis from enstatite chondrites show large 160 excesses similar to CAis in carbonaceous and ordinary chondrites, supporting the idea that most CAis formed in a restricted nebular locale.

Fagan T. J. * McKeegan K. D. Krot A. N. Keil K. Oxygen Isotope Compositions of Ca, Al-rich Inclusions in EH3 and EL3 Chondrites [#1592] Enstatite chondrite CAis have oxygen-16 rich compositions similar to CAis from other groups, suggesting a common mechanism or nebular setting resulted in oxygen isotopic anomalies in CAis.

Greenwood J. P. * Wasson J. T. McKeegan K. D. Metamorphosed CAl in Karoonda: Constraints on CK Metamorphism from Oxygen Isotopic Compositions [#2042] A metamorphosed CAl in Karoonda contains spinel with a primordial oxygen isotopic signature. The implications of this for carbonaceous chondrite metamorphism are discussed.

Ushikubo T. * Hiyagon H. Sugiura N. A FUN-like Hibonite Inclusion in Kainsaz C03 Chondrite with Large 41 K and 26Mg Excesses at the Level of Normal CA!s [#1561] We found a hibonite inclusion in Kainsaz C03 meteorite, which has fractionated 0 and excesses in 26Mg and 41 K at the level of normal CAis. This suggests that a significant evaporation event occurred in the earliest history of the solar system.

62 31st LPSC Program Wednesday, March 15, 2000 GARDENING ON THE MOON: REGOLITH PROCESSES AND CHARACTERIZATION 8:30 a.m. Room B

Chairs: L.A. Taylor J. A. Grier

Keller L. P. * Wentworth S. J. McKay D. S. Taylor L.A. Pieters C. Morris R. V. Space Weathering in the Fine Size Fractions of Lunar Soils: Mare/Highland Differences [#1655] Detailed analysis of soil grains from both mature mare and highlands soils show that nearly every grain has nanophase Fe within 100 nm of the particle surfaces. This result has major implications for space weathering processes on the Moon.

Basu A.* Production ofAgglutinates in the Lunar Regolith [#2010] Shock melting of microtargets produces homogeneous domains (< 10 p. m) from the finer fractions of lunar soils, incorporating SWE and vapor-deposit emiched fine grains. Finest grains may or may not be assimilated in such agglutinate-forming melts.

NobleS. K. * Pieters C. M. Taylor L. A. Morris R. V. Allen C. C. McKay D. S. Keller L. P. Optical Properties of the Finest Fraction of Lunar Soil: Implications for Space Weathering Environments [#1810] Optical trends with both maturity and composition are observed for the finest fraction of lunar soils. Both trends can be explained by changes in the amount of nanophase Fe created by space weathering processes.

Grier J. A. * McEwen A. S. Milazzo M. Hester J. A. Lucey P. G. The Optical Maturity of the Ejecta of Small Bright Rayed Lunar Craters [#1950] A survey of several hundred small rayed lunar craters from optical maturity images, in conjunction with a similar survey of large (20-1 00 km) craters allows for observational biases and additional limitations on recent impactor flux to be characterized.

Hawke B. R. * Blewett D. T. Lucey P. G. Peterson C. A. Bell J. F. III Campbell B. A. Robinson M.S. Lunar Crater Rays: Compositions and Modes of Origin [#1333] Remote sensing data were used to determine the composition and origin of a number of selected lunar crater rays. These include rays associated with Tycho, Messier, Lichtenberg and Olbers A craters.

Pieters C. M. * Taylor L.A. McKay D. Wentworth S. Morris R. Keller L. Spectral Characterization of Lunar Mare Soils [#1865] The spectral properties of Lunar Consortium mare soils are compared. First order variations are controlled by maturity as well as mineralogy, such as pyroxene composition and abundance of Apollo 17 pyroclastic beads.

Taylor L.A.* Morris R. V. Pieters C. Patchen A. Taylor D. S. Keller L. P. Wentworth S. McKay D. S. Chemical Characterization of Lunar Mare Soils [#1697] Compositions of the size fractions and agglutinitic glasses in mare soils converge with decreasing grain size. Also, FeMg mineral components decrease and plag signatures increase, in support of the F3 model, by some guy from New Mexico.

Korotev R. L. * Jolliff B. L. Zeigler R. A. The KREEP Components of the Apollo 12 Regolith [#1363] The Apollo 12 regolith contains 2 types of KREEP. Typical soils contains a Fra-Mauro-like component whereas atypical soils 12032/3 also contain an exotic component.

31st LPSC Program ______63 Mitchell D. L. * Lin R. P. Harrison L. Halekas J. S. Hood L. L. Acuna M. H. Binder A. B. Solar Wind Interaction with Lunar Crustal Magnetic Fields: Relation to Albedo Swirls [#2088] The Magnetometer/Electron Reflectometer onboard Lunar Prospector has observed the solar wind interaction with remanent crustal magnetic fields at altitudes from 20 to 120 km. This interaction may be responsible for the formation of albedo swirls.

Hood L. L. * Yingst A. Zakharian A. Lin R. P. Mitchell D. L. Halekas J. Acuna M. H. Binder A. B. Regional Mapping of the Lunar Crustal Magnetic Field: Correlation of Strong Anomalies with Curvilinear Albedo Markings [#1251] Using high-resolution regional Lunar Prospector magnetometer magnetic field maps, we report here a close correlation of the strongest individual crustal anomalies with unusual curvilinear albedo markings of the Reiner Gamma class.

Schnabel C. Xue S. MaP. Herzog G. F. * Fifield K. Cresswell R. G. di Tada M. L. Hausladen P. ReedyR. C. Nickel-59 in Surface Layers of Lunar Basalt 74275: Implications for the Solar Alpha Particle Flux [#1778] By using AMS we have profiled 59Ni!Ni ratios in lunar basalt 74275. Activities (dpm 59Ni/[kg Fe]) range 2 from 120 to 10 at depths (mg/cm ) from -30 to 650. Modeling results hint at higher solar alpha fluxes during the last -0.5 My than during the last- 1 My.

Hashizume K. * Chaussidon M. Marty B. Nitrogen Isotope Analyses of Lunar Regolith Using an Ion Microprobe- In Search of the Solar Wind Component [#1565] Depth profiling of N and C isotopic compositions in lunar regolith samples has been performed using an ion microprobe. N and C are concentrated at the grain surface 100 nm thick layer. The observed o15N values ranged from -250 to +140%o.

Misawa K. * Yamazaki F. Sekine T. Nakamura N. Incorporation of Radiogenic Lead Components into Plagioclase During Shock Metamorphism [#1545] Shock recovery experiments revealed that radiogenic Pb could be incorporated into plagioclase during shock metamorphism. The implication is that lunar anorthosites have been contaminated by KREEP Pb, produced from early-formed, high-fL sources.

64 31st LPSC Program Wednesday, March 15, 2000 MARS: TROUGHS, TECTONICS, AND TESLAS 8:30 a.m. Room C

Chairs: M. S. Gilmore R. C. Anderson

Tanaka K. L. * MacKinnon D. J. Pseudokarst Origin for Valles Marineris [#1780] We support the view that the Valles Marineris (VM) troughs are pseudo karst features produced by subsurface erosion and collapse. Here, we re-examine the origin of VM and associated features in light of Mars Global Surveyor data and other observations.

Lucchitta B. K. * New Observations Inside the Valles Marineris, Mars [#1139] MOC images furnish new data on layered deposits, dark materials, possible volcanic constructs, puzzling flows, dunes, structures, age and origin of units. Conflicting evidence supports lacustrine as well as volcanic origin of interior deposits.

Wilkins S. J. * Schultz R. A. Origin of Blunt Troughs in Valles Marineris [#1120] We investigate the blunt terminations of Valles Marineris troughs by re-evaluating topographic and image data in conjunction with mechanical models of faulting. We suggest that blunt terminations reflect reactivation of older structures during trough faulting.

Beyer R. A.* Melosh H. J. McEwen A. S. Lorenz R. D. Salt Diapirs in Candor Chasma, Mars? [#2022] MOC images show features in Candor Chasma that may be interpreted as eroded diapiric structures. Modeling indicates that the wavelengths of the features are consistent with diapiric upwelling.

Anderson R. C. * Dohm J. M. Magmatic-Tectonic Evolution ofTharsis [#1607] The tectonic history of the western hemisphere region of Mars was dominated by the formation of the Tharsis rise. In this study, we identify local centers oftectonic activity and examine how each of the centers fit into the overall evolution of the Tharsis region.

Wilson L. * Head J. W. III Tharsis-Radial Graben Systems as the Surface Manifestation of Plume-related Dike Intrusion Complexes: Models and Implications [#1371] Thousands of km long Tharsis-radial graben systems are reasonably modelled as plume-related dike complexes.

Mege D.* Lagabrielle Y. Garel E. Cormier M.-H. Cook A. C. Collapse Features and Narrow Grabens on Mars and Venus: Dike Emplacement and Deflation of Underlying Magma Chamber [#1854] Experimental modelling suggests that narrow planetary grabens displaying collapse features may form in response to deflation and compaction of an elongated magma body at depth whose geometry and location can be constrained by their width and depth.

Golombek M.P.* Anderson F. S. Zuber M. T. Martian Wrinkle Ridge Topography: Evidence for Subsurface Faults from MOLA [#1294] Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) profiles across wrinkle ridges are characterized by plains surfaces at different elevations on either side that appear best explained by subsurface thrust faults that underlie the ridges and produce the offset.

31st LPSC Program 65 Schultz R. A. * Toward a Comprehensive Structural Model for Planetary Wrinkle Ridges [#1171] In the mechanical model for wrinkle ridges, they grow as flexural slip folds over blind thrust faults due to localized bedding-plane slip and backthrust fault (wrinkle) localization.

Raymond C. A. * Smrekar S. E. Stofan E. R. Sources of Magnetic Anomalies on Mars and Their Implications [#2062] The sources of intense magnetic anomalies on Mars are investigated with models including constraints from geology, gravity and topography. Implications of the derived sources for the early evolution of Mars are examined.

Marinangeli L. * Pizzi A. Rossi A. P. Testing the Spreading Hypothesis for Magnetic Anomalies Formation on Mars [#1583] The Martian magnetic anomalies are associated with the oldest geologic units of the southern highland. A fast-spreading ridge type of seafloor expansion seems to be the most favorable hypothesis for the anomalies formation.

Gilmore M.S.* Nimmo F. Depth of Magnetized Crust on Mars [#2003] Spatial correlation of craters with magnetic anomalies on Mars places the magnetized crust deeper than 30 krn.

Kletetschka G. * Wasilewski P. J. Borosio A. Taylor P. T. Origin of Magnetic Linear Pattern on Mars [#1348] The magnetic anomaly maxima and minima form a planet wide signature. Large impact basins modify this pattern. We analyze magnetic carriers and their concentrations in a 30 km thick crust. A model of Martian history explains the magnetic patterns.

66 31st LPSC Program Wednesday, March 15, 2000 STARDUST: COLLECTED, REMOTE, AND CAPTURED 8:30 a.m. Room D

Chairs: R. O. Pepin F. J. M. Rietmeijer

Joswiak D. J. * Brownlee D. E. Pepin R. 0. Schlutter D. J. Characteristics ofAsteroidal and Cometary IDPs Obtained from Stratospheric Collectors: Summary of Measured He Release Temperatures, Velocities and Descriptive Mineralogy [#1500] From a database of 42 stratospheric IDPs processed, we have found that systematic differences in morphology, mineralogy and density exist between low velocity asteroidal IDPs and high velocity cometary IDPs.

Rietmeijer F. J. M. * Metastable Eutectic Behavior Observed During Dynamic Pyrometamorphism in the Matrix of an Aggregate IDP [#1051] Fused vesicular amorphous domains with distinct ferromagnesiosilica compositions resembling ultrafine- grained PCs in the matrix of an aggregate IDP have predictable chemically ordered metastable eutectic compositions after dynamic pyrometamorphism.

Flynn G. J. * Alger D. Lanzirotti A. SuttonS. R. Parise J. Combined X-Ray Diffraction Mineralogical Classification and X-Ray Fluorescence Chemical Analysis of Individual Interplanetary Dust Particles [#1772] Using microfocused synchrotron radiation, we obtained X-ray diffraction mineralogical and X-ray fluorescence chemical analyses of individual IDPs.

SuttonS. R. * Flynn G. J. Rivers M. Newville M. Eng P. X-Ray Fluorescence Microtomography of Individual Interplanetary Dust Particles [#1857] X-ray fluorescence microtomography was used to image the internal element distributions in whole interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) with few micron resolution. Bromine in a -30 micron, compact, chondritic IDP showed no obvious surface correlation.

Keller L. P. * Bradley J.P. Bouwman J. Moister F. J. Waters L. B. F. M. Flynn G. J. Henning T. MutschkeH. Sulfides in Interplanetary Dust Particles: A Possible Match to the 23 flm Feature Detected by the Infrared Space Observatory [#1860] We compared laboratory infrared spectra ofiDPs and mineral standards to data from the Infrared Space Observatory. We found that the broad 23 flm feature observed in ISO spectra of a number of astronomical sources is probably due to fine gr~ined Fe-Ni sulfides.

Quirico E.* Raynal P.-I. Borg J. Demyk K. Dartois E. Aubert D. Aiouaz T. Deboffle D. d'Hendecourt L. The Question of the 6.8 flm-band in the Spectra of5 IDPs [#1260] The first results of a systematic analysis of IDPs with IR Synchrotron Microscopy. 5/11 IDPs exhibit a feature at about 6.8 flm, which could be linked with the "6.8 flm-band" of protostellar sources.

Brownlee D. E. * Joswiak D. J. Bradley J. P. Gezo J. C. Hill H. G. M. Spatially Resolved Acid Dissolution of IDPs: The State of Carbon and the Abundance of Diamonds in the Dust [#1921] Ultramicrotome sections of IDPs have been successfully etched with HF to isolate and reveal the microdistribution of carbonaceous material. The sections are evaluated for nanodiamonds, 3.4 micron feature, GEMS and the origin of low albedo in small interplanetary particles.

31st LPSC Program ------67 Pepin R. O. * PalmaR. L. Schlutter D. J. Excess 3He in Cluster Interplanetary Dust Particles (/DPs)from Collectors L2009 and L20I I [#1833] The 3He excesses found by Nier and Schlutter (1993) in cluster IDPs from collector L2011 are also present at about the same levels in particles from companion collector L2009. If these are produced by spallation, inferred exposure ages are very long.

Gezo J. C. * Bradley J. P. Brownlee D. E. Kaleida K. Keller L. P. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of Interplanetary Dust Particles: Search for the -220 nm Feature [#1816] Ultraviolet (UV) spectra were collected from nanogram-mass UV standards, meteorite acid residue, and interplanetary dust particles using a parallel high-intensity beam (1 mm x 2 mm) on Ultraviolet Ring at Brookhaven National Laboratory.

Nakamura K. * Kloeck W. Romstedt J. Grund T. Greshake A. Erfurth W. Wiegand M. Stenzel H. Basnar B. Syrowatka F. Study of Possible Cometary IDPsfor the ROSETTA Mission [#1376] MIDAS is an AFM combined with a dust collector, one of the ROSETTA satellite instruments, imaging cometary dust with a resolution of a few nanometer. Our study concentrates on comparison of surface features of IDPs and the porosities of them seen in TEM.

Jackel A. * Romstedt J. Riedler W. Torkar K. The Investigation of Magnetic Properties of Ferromagnetic Minerals in CI- and H-Chondrites and Its Application to the MIDAS Instrument on ROSETTA Mission [#1761] Magnetic force microscopy studies are performed to investigate magnetic minerals in CI- and H-chondrites. This technique is capable to obtain high-resolution topographic images and additionally to detect the magnetic field patterns of the minerals.

Stadermann F. J. * Floss C. SIMS Isotopic Analysis of Interplanetary Dust from Space-exposed Aerogel [#1372] We present the results of the first D/H isotopic analysis of an IDP recovered from aerogel that has been exposed on the Mir space station and discuss the particular problems of preparing samples suitable for ion microprobe analysis.

Kettrup D.* Stemmermann P. Deutsch A. Goettlicher J. Micrometeorites in Sandstones- A New Succesful Separation Method [#1374] The electrodynamical fragmentation shows a new successful method to separate micrometeorites from their host rocks without destroying fragile structures. It opens new ways to find micrometeorites not only in loose sediments but also in solid sedimentary rocks.

68 31st LPSC Program Wednesday, March 15, 2000 METEORITE CHRONOLOGY AND ISOTOPE SYSTEMATICS 1:30 p.m. Room A

Chairs: T. R. Ireland M. W.Caffee

Hohenberg C. M. * Pravdivtseva O. V. Meshik A. P. Re-Examinination ofAnomalous 1-Xe Ages: Orgueil and Murchison Magnetites and Allegan Feldspar [#1958] Old 1-Xe age for Orgueil (and Murchison) magnetite is not confirmed. New results show closure 2.8 Ma after Shallowater/Bjurbtile standard, 10.3 Ma later than previously reported. The anomalously old 1-Xe age of Allegan feldspar is attributed to shock.

Whitby J. A.* Gilmour J.D. Turner G. RussellS. S. Timing ofAlteration Events in the CV3 Chondrites Mokoia and Vigarano [#1695] 1-Xe studies of chondrules and CAls from Mokoia and Vigarano may constrain the location and timing of the event(s) responsible for alteration ofthe mineral assemblages within these objects.

Hua X. * Wang J. H. Buseck P. R. 53Mn- 53 Cr Dating of Fayalite Formation in the Kaba and Mokoia CV3 Carbonaceous Chondrites [#1091] 53Cr excesses were determined for the first time from fayalite in Kaba, and those from Mokoia confirm previous measurements. The time interval between the formation of fayalite in these two meteorites is approximately 2.4 (± 1.5) x 106 years.

Amelin Y. * U-Th-Pb Systematics of Chondritic Phosphates: Implications for Chronology and Origin of Excess Pb [#1201] Phosphate separates from six ordinary chondrites were dated using U-Th-Pb method. The 3-D linear regression method yielded concordia plane intercept ages of 4551.0±3.5 Ma for multiple phosphate fractions from H5 Richardton, and 4535±1 Ma for L5 Elenovka.

Goreva J. S. * Burnett D. S. Phosphate Control on Th!U Ratio in Ordinary Chondrites [#1512] A bimodal 0 chondrite Th!U distribution is only apparent. Data can be quantitatively fit assuming that heterogeneities in parent body Cl produce variations in apatite abundance after metamorphism which cause large Th/U variations in some meteorites.

Chen J. H.* Papanastassiou D. A. Wasserburg G. J. Comparative FeNi and Silicate Chronology in Portales Valley [#1507] Re-Os and U-Pb data on Portales Valley suggest an early formation for the metal and silicates. These two chronometers and Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd require a young disturbance. This is inconsistent with the 39 Ar- 40 Ar age and in need of clarification.

Burgess R. * Whitby J. A. Turner G. Gilmour J.D. Bridges J. C. 40Ar-39Ar and 1-Xe Chronology of Halite in Zag Ordinary Chondrite [#1330] Halite in Zag ordinary chondrite formed by parent-body aqueous processes while 1291 was still extant. Brecciation and deeper burial of Zag at 4.2 Ga, lead to re-setting of the K-Ar ages and disturbance of the 1-Xe system.

Ferko T. E.* Lipschutz M. E. Bhandari N. Singhvi A. K. Hutchison R. Benoit P. H. Sears D. W. G. FrankeL. Scherer P. Schultz L. Cosmic Ray Products in the Ghubara (L5) Regolith Breccia [#1814] Cosmic ray products including noble gases, cosmogenic radionuclides, nuclear tracks and TL were measured in core samples of a Ghubara regolith breccia stone. Results, when compared to other Ghubara stones, show unusual an unusual heating history.

31st LPSC Program 69 Ireland T. R. * Kirby H. Bukovanska M. Wlotzka F. Hf-W Systematics of Meteoritic Zircons, Revisted [#1540] 182Hf- 182W systematics have been measured in terrestrial and meteoritic zircons. Zircons from the meteorites show 182Hf excesses at a level less than 10-4 which is lower than that required for the Hf-W systematics of bulk meteorites.

Caffee M. W. * Nishiizumi K. Mazarik J. Exposure History of Separated Phases from the Kapoeta Meteorite [#2099] Cosmogenic 10Be, 26Al, 36CI, and 53Mn were measured in clasts and matrix samples from Kapoeta. The radionuclide data are consistent with a single stage exposure lasting - 3 Ma. These results are not consistent with exposure ages based on cosmogenic 21 Ne.

Nishiizumi K. * Caffee M. W. Bogard D. D. Garrison D. H. Kyte F. T. Noble Gases and Cosmogenic Radionuclides in the Eltanin Meteorite [#2070] Eltanin meteorite was debris from a km-sized asteroid. We measured 39 Ar-40Ar age, noble gases, and cosmogenic radionuclides in Eltanin meteorite that was about 3 m deep from the asteroid surface. The exposure age of the Eltanin asteroid was -20 M yr.

Becker L. * Poreda R. J. Bunch T. E. Fullerenes and Noble Gases in the Murchison and Allende Meteorites [#1803] In this work we report the detection of fullerenes (C60 to C250) in the Murchison and Allende meteorites. By exploiting the unique ability ofthese molecules to trap noble gases, we have determined that fullerene is indeed a new carrier phase for noble gases in meteorites.

Welten K. C. * Nishiizumi K. Caffee M. W. Update on Terrestrial Ages ofAntarctic Meteorites [#2077] Terrestial ages are presented for 70 Antarctic meteorites, based on cosmogenic 10Be, 26 AI and 36Cl in the metal phase. Also, results of leaching experiments are discussed to study possible contamination of stony meteorites with atmospheric 10Be.

70 31st LPSC Program Wednesday, March 15, 2000 LUNAR COMPOSITION: REMOTE YET INTIMATE VIEWS 1:30 p.m. Room B

Chair: W. C. Feldman

Pieters C. M. * Head J. W. III Tompkins S. Rock Types of South Pole-Aitken: Implications for Basin Evolution [#1438] The mafic anomaly associated with SPA is dominated by lower crust noritic compositions and relatively abundant basalt. Apollo impacted the collapsed basin rim; candidate regions for exposures of possible mantle material appear to be near SPA center.

Blewett D. T. * Lucey P. G. Hawke B. R. Holtzmann J. Taylor G. J. Lawrence D. J. Compositional Studies of the South Pole-Aitken Basin [#1501] From Clementine UVVIS data and Prospector Th, we find that mare or cryptomare deposits can't explain the SPA compositional anomaly. If Imbrium ejecta caused high Thin parts of SPA, it must be thicker than a few km. FeO increases with depth in SPA

Lawrence D. J. * Mitchell D. L. Binder A B. Elphic R. C. Feldman W. C. Frey S. Halekas J. Hood L. L. Lin R. P. Maurice S. A Comparison of Lunar Prospector Thorium and Magnetic Field Data Within South Pole Aitken Basin [#1856] A comparison of Lunar Prospector thorium and magnetic field data within South Pole Aitken basin shows good correlation and gives support to the idea that at least some of the thorium within SPA basin is related to Imbrium impact ejecta.

Elphic R. C. * Lawrence D. J. Maurice S. Feldman W. C. Barraclough B. L. Gasnault O. M. Binder A. B. LuceyP. G.

Lunar Prospector Neutron Measurements and Constraints on FeO and Ti02 [#1947] Lunar Prospector neutron spectrometer and gamma ray spectrometer data are used to constrain lunar surface FeO and Ti02.

Spudis P. D. * Bussey D. B. J. Gillis J. J. Petrologic Mapping of the Moon from Clementine and Lunar Prospector Data: Incorporation of New Thorium Data [#1414] We present a new petrologic map of the Moon based on high-resolution Clementine and LP iron, titanium, and thorium compositional data. We interpret the history of the lunar crust on the basis of the distribution patterns seen on this map.

Koehler U. * Head J. W. III. Neukum G. WolfU. Lunar Light Plains in the Northern Nearside Latitudes: Latest Results on Age Distributions, Surface Composition, Nature, and Possible Origin [#1822] Lunar light plains towards the North pole have been investigated in terms of surface ages and composition, and compared to similar geologic units near the Apollo 16landing site.

Rajmon D. * Spudis P. Geology and Stratigraphy of Mare Fecunditatis [#1913]

Mare Fecunditatis was studied using image mosaics FeO and Ti02 maps of the lunar surface derived from Clementine multispectral data. Individual geological units within the mare were identified and thickness of mare basalts were estimated.

31st LPSC Program ------71 Wednesday, March 15, 2000 DATING THE MOON: IMPACT EFFECTS AND PETROGENETIC IMPLICATIONS 3:30 p.m. Room B

Chair: C. R. Neal

Cohen B. A.* Swindle T. D. Kring D. A. 40Ar-39Ar Ages from Laser Step-Heat Experiments on Lunar Meteorite Impact Melt Clasts [#1922] 40Ar-39 Ar ages were obtained on 18 impact melt clasts from lunar meteorites DaG262, DaG400, MAC88105, and QUE93069. Samples with good plateaus all have ages <3.9Ga. This evidence is consistent with a lunar cataclysm hypothesis.

Bogard D. D. * Garrison D. H. Nyquist L. E. 39Ar- 40Ar Ages of Lunar Highland Rocks and Meteorites [#1138] 39 Ar-40 Ar ages of lunar highland rocks and meteorites were determined to characterize the early impact history of the moon. Most ages were reset -3.8--4.0 Ga ago by large nearside basin events, but theY -86032 age of -4.39 Ga escaped this resetting.

Snyder G. A. * Taylor L. A. Impact Processes and Isotopic Closure on Planetary Bodies and the Moon [#1220] We contend that isotopic studies of lunar rocks and of silicates on planetary bodies show preferential phase melting (typically of plagioclase) during impact which greatly affects Sm-Nd isotopic systems, but does not greatly affect Rb-Sr isotopic systems.

Norman M. * Nyquist L. Bogard D. Borg L. Weismann H. Garrison D. Young R. Shih C.-Y. Schwandt C. Age and Origin of the Highlands Crust of the Moon: Isotopic and Petrologic Studies of a Ferman Noritic Anorthosite Clast from Descartes Breccia 67215 [#1552] A Sm-Nd isochron age of 4.40 Ga was determined for a clast from North Ray crater breccia 67215. Mineral compositions indicate a close affinity of this clast with lunar FANs. Ar and Sr isotopes reveal a thermal event at 3.93 Ga which may date the Nectaris basin impact.

Nyquist L. E.* Shih C.-Y. Reese Y. Wiesmann H. Bogard D. Ryder G. Garrison D. Age and Petrogenesis ofApollo 17 Group D Basalt [#1667] Ages of 3.89±0.04 Ga and 3.49±0.04 Ga were found for the Apollo 17 Group D basalt by the Rb-Sr and 39 Ar- 40 Ar methods, respectively. Sm-Nd data show evidence of both ages. The isotopic data have different, potentially important, petrogenetic implications.

ShihC.-Y.* NyquistL.E. ReeseY. WiesmannH. Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd Isotopic Studies of Two Pristine Alkali Suite Rocks from the Apollo 14 Site [#1698] Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isochron ages for an alkali norite and an alkali anorthosite indicate that they were cumulates crystallized from different melts, which intruded the old highlands crust -4.1 Ga ago. The parental magmas for these rocks came from very distinct source regions.

72 31st LPSC Program Wednesday, March 15, 2000 MARS: LUMPS, BUMPS, AND PIXELS 1:30 p.m. Room C

Chairs: T. K. P. Gregg G. E. McGill

Neumann G. A. * Smith D. E. Zuber M. T. Seasonal Record of Cloud Activity Observed by MOLA [#1972] After a quarter billion laser shots, MOLA has now recorded more atmospheric observations alone than all previous planetary lidar missions have returned in total.

Ivanov A. B. * Muhleman D. O. Observations of Reflectivity of the Martian Surface in the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) Investigation [#1872] We are presenting results of calculation of the surface albedo of Mars at 1 micron wavelength from the MOLA reflectivity measurements. The MGS TES 9 micron opacity is employed to remove opacity from the MOLA measurements.

Garvin J. B. Frawley J. J. * Global Vertical Roughness ofMars from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter Pulse-Width Measurements [#1884] The global vertical roughness properties of Mars as measured by the MOLA instrument aboard the Mars Global Surveyor is described. Initial results suggest that vertical roughness is correlated with major physiographic units, including portions of the crustal dichotomy.

Kreslavsky M. A. * Head J. W. Kilometer-scale Roughness of Martian Surface from MOLA Data: A Latitudinal Trend [#1145] 0.5-1-km-scale surface roughness is systematically lower for high latitudes within geologically similar terrains, though 10-20-km-scale roughness does not show such a trend. Probable causes of smoothing at high latitudes are discussed.

Garneau S. * Plaut J. J. Topographic and Roughness Characteristics of the Vastitas Borealis Formation on Mars Described by Fractal Statistics [#1115] The surface roughness of the Vastitas Borealis Formation on Mars was analyzed with fractal statistics. Root mean square slopes and fractal dimensions were calculated for 7 4 topographic profiles. Results have implications for radar scattering models.

McGill G. E. * Age of the Mars Global Northerly Slope: Evidence from Utopia Planitia [#1194] Utopia Planitia polygonal terrane shares the ubiquitous north tilt of Mars, but smooth plains superposed on polygonal terrane are not tilted. The smooth plains materials were deposited in Late Hesperian, and thus the tilting must be Late Hesperian or older.

Hiesinger H.* Head J. W. III Characterization and Origin of Giant Polygons in Utopia Planitia, Mars: Results from MOLA and MOC [#1290] We used MOLA and MOC data to study polygonal terrain. We propose that tectonic rebound after removal of a potential water/ice load in the Utopia basin is a good candidate for the formation process of giant polygons.

Hamlin S. E. * Kargel J. S. Tanaka K. L. Lewis K. J. MacAyeal D. R. Preliminary Studies of Icy Debris Flows in the Martian Fretted Terrain [#1785] A preliminary analysis oflineated valley fill in the fretted terrain region of Mars for evidence of flow. We describe various surface features present in selected MOC images and present supporting MOLA data.

31st LPSC Program 73 Gregg T. K. P. * Sakimoto S. E. H. Marte Valles Lava Flow Rates and Rheology from MOC and MOLA Data [#1758] Large lava channels near Marte Valles, Mars, have been imaged with MOC and MOLA. Results from analytical modeling suggest that the channeled lava was likely basaltic, with effusion rates similar to those observed for the 1984 Mauna Loa, Hawaii eruption.

Moore J. M. * Howard A. D. SchenkP. M. The Topography and Deposits of the Libya Montes Study Area: A MGS-Viking Synergistic Study [#1529] A quantitative analysis of contiguous, high resolution topographic data of a portion Libya Montes supports precipitation (either snow or rain) as a major sediment generating and transporting process.

Waggoner J. A.* Treiman A. H. Geology and Stereo Topography of Layered Deposits on Gangis Mensa (Valles Marineris) [#1765] Sedimentary deposits of Gangis Mensa were mapped from Viking Orbiter images. Elevations for a portion of the Mensa were derived from Mariner 9 stereo images. They do not support the presence of an angular unconformity in the deposits.

Sullivan R. * Edgett K. Malin M. Thomas P. Veverka J. Mass- Wasting Slope Streaks Imaged by the Mars Orbiter Camera [#1911] Narrow, triangular dark slope streaks are one of the most widespread and easily recognized styles of mass-wasting on the martian surface. Observations from MOC mapping phase images suggest a dust-based avalanche model is the most likely explanation.

CraddockR. A.* Maxwell T. A. Howard A. D. Geology of the Martian Cratered Highlands Based on Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) Images [#1957] We have examined available MOC images of terrain mapped as Npld and Npll at the 1: 15M scale and present a possible sequence explaining the geologic history of the cratered highlands.

74 31st LPSC Program Wednesday, March 15, 2000 ORIGINS OF PLANETARY SYSTEMS: DRAG AND HARD BODIES 1:30 p.m. Room D

Chairs: D. C. Black A. Ghosh

ZhangY. * Missing Xenon and Age of Earth [#1284] The missing Xe conjecture, dormant for many years, has recently been reasserted (Ozima and Podosek, 1999). In this presentation, the missing Xe problem and its significance on the estimation of the age of Earth will be discussed.

Kortenkamp S. J. * Wetherill G. W. Fonnation of the Asteroid Belt [#1813] Rapid formation of Jupiter is explored as a mechanism for preventing runaway growth of Mars-size bodies in the asteroid belt. Runaway growth is delayed but might only be prevented by other events such as migration of Jupiter or loss of nebular gas.

Weidenschilling S. J. * Runaway Growth in the Asteroid Zone: Implications for Thennal Histories of Planetesimals [#1684] Runaway accretion is consistent with melting of Vesta and preservation of substantial amounts of primitive material in the asteroid belt.

Ghosh A* Weidenschilling S. J. McSween H. Y. Jr. An Attempt at Constraining Early Solar System Chronology Using Thennal and Accretionary Models [#1845] Most thermal models assume instantaneous asteroidal accretion, ignoring heat released by 26 AI during accretion. This is the first study that incorporates the output of a multi-zone simulation into a thermal code that considers incremental accretion.

Vanhala H. A. T. * Boss A. P. Injection of Radioactivities into the Forming Solar System [#1061] High-resolution simulations of the injection of short-lived radioactivities into the forming solar system through Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities suggests that the distribution of radionuclides in the early solar system could have been inhomogeneous.

Canup R. M. * Ward W. R. A Hybrid Fluid/N-Body Model for Lunar Accretion [#1916] A new hybrid model for lunar accretion treats Roche interior material analytically as a continuous disk, while material exterior to the Roche limit is followed using anN-body accretion model.

Ward W. R. * Canup R. M. Satellite Recoil from a Circumplanetary Disk [#2050] The eccentricity and inclination acquired by a satellite during its recoil from a disk interior to the Roche limit are estimated. Possible implications for the early history of the Earth-Moon system are discussed.

Tanaka H.* Takeuchi T. Ward W. R. Tidal Interaction Between a Planet and a Three-Dimensional Gaseous Disk [#1418] Performing linear calculations of tidal interaction between a planet and a three-dimensional gas disk, we evaluated the radial migration speed of a planet. Our result shows that the three-dimensional effect reduces the migration speed by a factor 3.

Agnor C. B.* Ward W. R. Secular Resonant Damping of Planetary Eccentricities [#2086] We discuss the possible role of secular resonance damping on the dynamical state of a newly formed planetary system.

31st LPSC Program 75 Boss A. P. * Shock-Wave Heating and Clump Formation in a Minimum Mass Solar Nebula [#1084] New 3D hydrodynamics models show that a disk with a mass comparable to that inferred for the solar nebula can undergo gravitational instabilities that form clumps on eccentric orbits and a shock front strong enough to thermally process dust grain aggregates.

Stepinski T. F.* Black D. C. Statistical Similarities Between Populations of "Extrasolar Planets" and Stellar Companions [#1378] We estimate PDFs of projected masses, orbital periods and eccentricities for the population of extrasolar planets and, separately, for stellar companions to solar-type stars. We find that these quantities are similarly distributed in both populations.

Malhotra R. * Stepinski T. F. Black D. C. Orbital Dynamics Constraints on the Upsilon Andromedae System [#1425] We have used the requirement of long term dynamical stability to infer constraints on the orbital orientation (i.e., inclinations and lines of nodes) of two putative planetary-mass companions of Upsilon Andromedae.

Liou J.-C. * Zook H. A. Greaves J. S. Holland W. S. Does Planet Exist in Epsilon Eridani? A Comparison Between Observations and Numerical Simulations [#1416] We report results from our numerical simulations of the Epsilon Eridani dust disk. We also compare our results with actual observations of the disk and address the question of whether or not planet(s) exist in Epsilon Eridani.

76 31st LPSC Program Thursday, March 16, 2000 MARS: HOLES, HISTORY, AND HEMATITE 8:30 a.m. Room A

Chairs: H. E. Newsom M.D. Lane

Garvin J. B. * Frawley J. J. Sakimoto S. E. H. Schnetzler C. Global Geometric Properties of Martian Impact Craters: An Assessment from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOIA) Digital Elevation Models [#1619] Global geometric characteristics of topographically fresh impact craters have been assessed, for the first time, from gridded MOLA topography. Global trends of properties such as depth/diameter differ from previous estimates. Regional differences are observed.

Newsom H. E. * Thorsos I. E. Sampling Fossil Aqueous and Hydrothermal Environments in a Large Martian Impact Crater in the Isidis Rim (Libya Montes) Landing Zone [#1519] A smooth landing site has been identified in a 65 km diameter crater in the MGS '01 primary landing zone. Hydrothermal, fluvial, and lacustrine deposits of importance to astrobiology studies may be available for sampling at this location.

Ormo J. * Muinonen P. Impact Craters as Indicators for Oceanic Phases on Mars [#1266] Observations of impact craters on Earth have shown that a water column at the target strongly influences the lithologies and morphology of the crater. This study presents martian impact craters resembling terrestrial marine-target craters.

Boyce J. M. * Roddy D. J. Soderblom L. A. Hare T. Global Distribution of On-Set Diameters of Rampart Ejecta Craters on Mars: Their Implication to the History of Martian Water [#11671 A global map is presented of on-set diameters of rampart craters. These craters are proposed to result from impact into wet targets. This map shows both global latitudinal and regional trends that are consistent with the climate and geologic history of Mars.

Frey H.* Hutchison L. Sakimoto S. Roark J. A Large Population of Possible Buried Impact Basins on Mars Revealed by MOIA Topographic Data [#1736] High resolution gridded MOLA data have revealed a large number of subdued quasi-circular depressions >200 km diameter not visible in Viking imagery which may be ancient buried impact basins.

Hartmann W. K. * Grier J. A. Berman D. C. Bottke W. Gladman B. Morbidelli A. Petit J.-M. Dones L. Martian Chronology: New Mars Global Surveyor Results on Absolute Calibration, Geologically Young Volcanism, and Fluvial Episodes [#1179] New asteroid impact rate studies constrain Martian chronology. We affirm very young ages (order 10 My) for lava flows of Elysium Planitia and Olympus Mons. SNCs are consistent with young geologic activity. Fluvial episodes may result from sporadic permafrost melting.

Gibson E. K. Jr.* Westall F. McKay D. S. Thomas-Keprta K. Socki R. A. The Geological History of Mars from Samples and Spaceflight Data [#1831] Oxygen isotopic analysis of Martian samples shows two distinct 0 2 reservoirs throughout Martian history indicating late cometary additions of volatiles and a lack of plate tectonics.

Dohm J. M. * Anderson R. C. Baker V. R. Strom R. G. Komatsu G. Hare T. M. Pulses of Magmatic Activity Through Time: Potential Triggers for Climatic Variations on Mars [#1632] Associated occurrences of magmatic activity on Mars may represent regional and (or) global resurfacing events similar to those observed for Venus and for Earth and may provide the trigger for climatic perturbations.

31st LPSC Program ______?? Schultz P. H.* The Effect, Identification, and Consequences of High-Porosity Surface Layers for the Martian Cratering Record [#2071] Laboratory impact experiments provide insights for understanding the effect of thick, high porosity deposits found on Mars. The presence of such deposits shield underlying substrates.

Ivanov B. A.* Artemieva N. A. How Oblique Should be Impact to Launch Martian Meteorites? [#1309] We check an assumption that only elliptic elongated Martian craters are "parent" craters for SNC meteorites. 2D and 3D numerical modeling demonstrate that "steep" impacts also produce fast low shocked ejecta. "Round" craters may be "parent" SNC craters as well.

Kelsey C. * Hartmann W. K. Grier J. A. Berman D. C. Obsen;ations of a Hematite-rich Region Within Sinus Meridiani [#1524] We investigated geology and impact crater populations at two hematite-rich sites reported by MGS/TES. The second site involves collapse of crater-fill sediments and water drainage. We discuss several hypotheses for hematite formation.

Christensen P. * Malin M. Morris D. Bandfield J. Lane M. Edgett K. The Distribution of Crystalline Hematite on Mars from the Thermal Emission Spectrometer: Evidence for Liquid Water [#1627] Crystalline hematite on Mars has been mapped using the MGS TES. Two major, and several minor areas of significant accumulation are identified. We favor precipitation models involving Fe-rich water, providing direct mineralogic evidence for large-scale water interactions.

Lane M.D. * Morris R. V. Christensen P.R. Sinus Meridiani Shows Spectral Evidence for Oriented Hematite Grains [#1140] MGS-TES data from Sinus Meridiani, Mars, provide spectral evidence for oriented hematite grains.

78 31st LPSC Program Thursday, March 16, 2000 CHONDRULE PETROGENESIS 8:30 a.m. Room B

Chairs: R. D. Ash G. E. Lofgren

Ash R. D.* Young E. D. Clarity and Confusion: The History ofAllende Chondrules as Evinced by Oxygen Isotopes [#1881] Allende chondrules and other components have undergone metasomatism accompanied by partial oxygen isotope exchange with a single reservoir with characteristics indistinguishable from present matrix.

RussellS. S. * Lyon I. Saxton J. Oxygen Isotope Microanalysis of an Allende Compound Chondrule [#1949] Successive generations of an unusual compound chondrule from Allende have been measured for oxygen isotopes using the Isolab 54 ion microprobe.

Jones R. H. * Schilk A. J. Chemistry and Petrology of Chondrules from the Mokoia CV Chondrite [#1400] Bulk chemical compositions of 94 chondrules from Mokoia have been obtained by INAA. Elemental abundances are correlated with petrology. Chemical and petrological properties are very similar to chondrules from Allende and do not show strong alteration signatures.

Grossman J. N. * Concentric Zoning of Phosphorus and Bimodal Alkali Contents of Mesostasis in Type II Chondrules [#1599] Glass in type II chondrules may be radially zoned in P20 5; this was caused by alteration or metamorphism. Many Na-rich type lis, including these, have coexisting Na-rich and K-rich mesostasis. Low-T alteration may have caused this effect as well.

Alexander C. M. O'D. * Grossman J. N. The K Isotopes in Semarkona Chondrules [#1850] We have found evidence for modest K isotopic fractionation in only 2 of 29 Semarkona chondrules. The scarcity of K isotopic fractionation in Semarkona chondrules strengthens our previous suggestion that there was gas-chondrule exchange during chondrule formation

Lofgren G. E. * Le L. Experimental Evidence for a Partial Melting Origin for Most Porphyritic Chondrules [#1809] Partial melting experiments on a type 3 UOC show that porphyritic chondrules can be produced at faster cooling rates than from total melts and have equant phenocrysts and significant sodium present.

Hewins R. H.* Zanda B. Horanyi M. Robertson S. Den Hartog D. J. Fiksel G. The Trouble with Flash Heating [#1675] Plasma discharge experiments produced glass coatings on unsintered starting material. Solar furnace experiments also produced layered charges. Chondrules, with their uniform igneous textures, cannot be produced by very short duration heating.

Desch S. J. * Astrophysical Constraints on Chondrule Formation Models [#1923] Three petrologic constraints, heating and cooling timescales and the frequency of compound chondrules, are applied to the shock wave and lightning models of chondrule formation. Shocks fit the constraints well; lightning requires high gas densities.

31st LPSC Program 79 Ciesla F. J. * Hood L. L. Chondrule Formation in Nebular Shocks: An Improved One-Dimensional Model [#1650] We report improved numerical simulations of precursor particle thermal and dynamical histories during passage through one-dimensional gas dynamic shock waves. The model does not depend on the source(s) of the shocks.

Liffman K. * Toscano M. Chondrule Fine-Grained Mantle Formation by Hypervelocity Impact ofChondrules with a Dusty Gas [#1108] We show, numerically .. hat the hypersonic impact of a chondrule with a dusty gas can produce the observed proportionality between rim thickness and chondrule size. We also provide an analytic expression for the constant of proportionality.

Krot A. N. * Meibom A. RussellS. S. Young E. Alexander C. M. McKeegan K. D. Lofgren G. Cuzzi J. Zipfel J. Keil K. Chondrules of the Very First Generation in Bencubbin!CH-like Meteorites QU£94411 and Hammadah Al Hamra 237: Condensation Origin at High Ambient Nebular Temperatures [#1499] Chondrules in QUE94411 and HH 237 formed at high ambient T prior to condensation ofFe,Ni-metal following a large scale thermal event that resulted in complete vaporization of a solar nebula region. These chondrules escaped subsequent remelting.

Hoppe P. * Marti K. KrahenbUhl U. An Ion Microprobe Study of Boron in Two Chondrules from the Allende CV3 Meteorite [#1235] B-isotopic heterogeneities within two chondrules from the Allende meteorite are <10%o at a spatial scale of 20-30 Jlm. This shows that large B-isotopic heterogeneities, as previously reported, are not a general feature of chondrules.

Galy A.* Young E. D. Ash R. D. O'Nions R. K. High Precision Magnesium Isotopic Composition ofAllende Material: A Multiple Collector Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometry Study [#1193] High precision MC-ICPMS study of Mg-isotopes in Allende supports a mass-dependant process, such as volatilization, during chondrule formation, in order to explain a range of 0.9%o in 825Mg between eight chondrules and the matrix.

80 31st LPSC Program Thursday, March 16, 2000 ASTROBIOLOGY 8:30 a.m. Room C

Chairs: G. J. Flynn A. Steele

Flynn G. J. * Keller L. P. Jacobsen C. Wirick S. Miller M.A. Interplanetary Dust Particles as a Source of Pre-Biotic Organic Matter on the Earth [#1409] Entry heating modeling shows IDPs from 5 to 25 microns in size contribute the bulk of the exogenous organic matter to Earth. We measured the organic content ofiDPs in this size range by infrared and by X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the C-edge.

LuceyP. G.* Lunar Astrobiology [#1492] The lunar poles may be an environment conducive to pre-biotic chemistry. Production of organics from inorganic precursors requires source material, energy, and proper environmental conditions. The lunar poles may have all three.

Pierazzo E. * Chyba C. F. Impact Delivery of Organics to Europa [#1656] H ydrocode simulations of cometary impacts on the surface of Europa suggest that, even though a large fraction of the projectile escapes Europa's gravity, a non-negligible amount of some amino acids would survive and be retained on Europa.

Mastrapa R. M. E. Glanzberg H.* Head J. N. Melosh H. J. Nicholson W. L. Survival of Bacillus Sub til is Spores and Deinococcus Radiodurans Cells Exposed to the Extreme Acceleration and Shock Predicted During Planetary Ejection [#2045] To determine the survivability of ejection from a planet, two UV -resistant spores have been tested for resistance to high acceleration and high change in acceleration, or jerk.

Steele A. * Toporski J. K. W. Westall F. W. Thomas-Keprta K. Gibson E. K. Avci R. Whitby C. McKay D. S. Griffin C. The Microbiological Contamination of Meteorites; A Null Hypothesis [#1670] Using 4 different techniques we have studied 9 meteorites including the Martian meteorites ALH84001 and Nakhla for terrestrial contamination in all 9 we have found evidence of terrestrial microorganisms.

Toporski J. K. W. * Steele A. Westall F. Griffin C. Whitby C. Avci R. McKay D. S. Electron Microscopy Studies, Surface Analysis and Microbial Culturing Experiments on a Depth Profile Through Martian Meteorite Nakhla [#1636] Combined electron microscopy studies and culturing experiments have shown that Nakhla became contaminated with recent terrestrial microorganisms. Additional surface analysis detected an as yet unknown organic species which may represent a biomarker.

Whitby C.* Griffin C. Saunders J. R. Steele A. Toporski J. K. W. Allen C. McKay D. S. The Direct Extraction of DNA from Allende [#1732] We have devised a protocol for the direct extraction of DNA from extraterrestrial materials and have successfully applied it to the Allende meteorite.

Wynn-Williams D. D.* Edwards H. G. M. Newton E. M. Raman Spectroscopy of Microhabitats and Microbial Communities: Antarctic Deserts and Mars Analogues [#1015] Raman spectroscopic studies of functional biomolecules in Antarctic lithic communities (Mars analogues) have identified several key biomarkers. This is proposed as an eminently suitable technique for the detection of extinct or extant life on Mars.

31st LPSC Program 81 Allen C. C.* Albert F. G. Chafetz H. S. Combie J. Graham C. R. Kieft T. L. Kivett S. J. McKay D. S. Steele A. Taunton A. E. Taylor M. R. Thomas-Keprta K. L. Westall F. The Search for Signs ofAncient Martian Microbes: Physical Biomarkers in Carbonate Thermal Springs [#1257] If Mars ever supported microbial life, signatures of biogenic activity (biomarkers) could prove critical to its identification. Carbonate thermal springs yield a variety of physical biomarkers -prime evidence in the search for past or present life.

Westall F.* Steele A. Toporski J. Walsh M. M. Allen C. C. Guidry S. McKay D. S. Gibson E. K. Chafetz H. S. 3.8 b.y. History of Bacterial Biofilms and Their Significance in the Search for Extraterrestrial Life [#1707] Bacterial biofilms are almost ubiquitous in terrestrial environments, many similar to past or present Martian environments. Together with ToP-SIMS analysis of the in situ organics, fossil biofilms constitute reliable biomarkers.

Moreau J. W. * Sharp T. G. Optical and Electron Microscopic Characterization of Precambrian Gunflint Microfossils [#2015] Precambrian Gunflint microfossils are studied using optical microscopy, FESEM, and TEM. Sub-micron scale morphological observations and microanalyses are used to characterize the physical and chemical nature of ancient terrestrial microfossils.

Heymann D. * Dressler B. O. Bissada K. K. A. Szymczyk E. Biogenic Carbon at Sudbury: A Model for Mars? [#1011] The Black Member of the Onaping Formation (BMOF) of the Whitewater Group (WG) rocks of the Sudbury impact structure contains an estimated 10 17 g of carbonaceous matter.

Yen A. S. * Kim S. S. Freeman B. A. Hecht M. H. Formation ofAdsorbed Oxygen Radicals on Minerals at the Martian Surface and the Decomposition of Organic Molecules [#1713] We present experimental evidence that superoxide ions form on mineral grains at the martian surface and show that these adsorbates can explain the unusual reactivity of the soil as well as the apparent absence of organic molecules.

82 31st LPSC Program Thursday, March 16, 2000 OUTER BODY EXPERIENCES 8:30 a.m. Room D

Chairs: J. S. Kargel G.C. Collins

Howell R. R. * Grocholski A. J. Volcanic Activity on Io During 1999: The Wyoming Monitoring Program [#1974] During 1999 we obtained frequent ground-based measurements of volcanic activity on Io. They provide a detailed history of the 1999 Loki brightening, detection of a major outburst on August 2 and time variability of the "9906A" event at the time of the Galileo C21 flyby.

Snyder Hale A. * Hapke B. The Thermal State of S02 Frost on lo [#1295] We present several models of thermal energy transfer through S02 on Io.

Glaze L. S. * Baloga S. M. Stochastic-Ballistic Plumes on Io: Sensitivity of Deposition to High Ejection Angles [#1130] The areal distribution of plume particles on the surface oflo is very sensitive to high ejection angles. Use of the Fermi function allows us to examine the detailed effects of an ejection cone boundary on annular and other types of areal deposits.

Kargel J. S. * Spencer J. R. Soderblom L.A. BeckerT. Bennett G. Io Spectra from Hubble: Volatile Distribution, Composition, and Processes [#1988] Analysis of Hubble spectra of Io confirms the widespread presence of elemental sulfur, which occurs in a wide range of states of purity and/or polymeric state. Sulfur from Yellowstone NP provides excellent spectral matches.

Zolotov M. Yu. * Fegley B. Jr. Eruption Conditions of Pele Volcano on Io Inferred from Chemistry of Its Volcanic Plume [#2098] We used thermodynamic models and HST observations ofPele plume to calculate the temperature (1430 K) = and oxidation state (logfQ2 -11.7) of volcanic gases and magmas ofPele. Our estimated vent pressure is 10-3 to 10-5 bars.

Schenk P.M. * Gwynn D. McKinnon W. B. Moore J. M. Flooding of Smooth Terrain on Ganymede by Low-Viscosity Lavas: Direct Evidence for VGR-GLL Stereo Synergism [#2037] Voyager-Galileo stereo images of Ganymede reveal that smooth bright terrains are depressed at least 700 m compared to older terrains, and that less deformed terrains are more depressed. These observations are consistent with flooding of bright terrain by low-viscosity lavas.

Hibbitts C. A. * McCord T. B. Hansen G. B. Distributions of Carbon Dioxide and Sulfer Dioxide on the Surface of Callisto [#1908] C02 on Callisto is associated with ice-rich craters. A sinusoidal pattern centered at 270° Ion dominates on the trailing side. S02 is depleted on trailing side. There are some S02 enrichments with craters and some large, 1OOs km areas of depletion.

Noe E. Z. * Helfenstein P. Veverka J. Klemaszewski J. Greeley R. Brenneman H. Belton M. J. S. Galileo Imaging Team Galileo Observations of Callisto's Opposition Effect [#1195] Galileo's SSI returned low resolution multispectral images at small phase angles which reveal terrain- and albedo- dependent spatial heterogeneities in Callisto's opposition effect.

31st LPSC Program ------83 Harcke L. J. * Simpson R. A. Tyler G. L. Zebker H. A. Jurgens R. F. Ostro S. J. Slade M.A. HarmonJ. K. Radar Imaging of the Icy Galilean Satellites During 1999 Opposition [#1789] We report radar observations of Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto made during 1999 opposition using the Arecibo 12.6cm and Goldstone 3.5cm radar facilities.

Denk T. * Neukum G. Iapetus (2): Dark-Side Origin [#1660] Observational constraints that must be in agreement with dark-side origin hypotheses and a new origin scenario (with two flavors) are presented. Two (reddish) bodies collided in the vicinity of Iapetus, and the debris was accreted on the leading side.

Collins G. C. * Pappalardo R. T. Predicted Stress Patterns on Pluto and Charon Due to Their Mutual Orbital Evolution [#1035] We present the predicted stresses on the surfaces of Pluto and Charon due to their orbital evolution, and discuss factors which may alter the actual stress patterns and magnitudes away from these predictions.

Young L.A.* SternS. A. Charon's Albedo and Pluto's Energy Budget [#2081] Using the most recently determined phase function for Charon, we calculate the flux of sunlight reflected from Charon onto Pluto's surface, taking into account the changes in geometry over the Pluto year.

Zahnle K. * Dones L. Schenk P. Apex-Antapex Cratering Asymmetries on Synchronous Satellies XXXI [#2053] We use a Monte Carlo method to confirm that cratering asymmetries between the leading and trailing hemispheres of synchronously-rotating satellites should be very large; indeed we find th;'t previous work has tended to underestimate the asymmetry.

84 31st LPSC Program Thursday, March 16, 2000 VENUS GEOPHYSICS AND GEOLOGY 1:30 p.m. Room A

Chairs: W. S. Kiefer M. A. Bullock

Bullock M.A.* SolomonS. C. Grinspoon D. H. Relationships Among Volcanic Eruptions, Climate Change, and Tectonics on Venus: The Effects of Medium-sized Eruptions [#2051] Outgassing associated with plains emplacement most likely drove climate change on Venus. We test models of climate change using the geologic constraint that ridged plains were deformed in a globally syncronous event, while younger plains were not.

Dombard A. J. * SolomonS. C. Bullock M.A. Phillips R. J. Grinspoon D. H. The Formation of Wrinkle Ridges on Venus Via Climate Change: A Thermomechanical Finite Element Analysis [#1197] We model the continuum behavior of Venus' surface to climate-induced temperature change. Thermal stress magnitude and resistance to faulting most strongly control surface deformation; shallow thrust faulting is preferred for wrinkle ridge formation.

Kiefer W. S. * Potter E-K. Gravity Anomalies at Venus Shield Volcanos: Implications for Lithospheric Thickness [#1924] We model gravity anomalies for 8 large shield volcanos in the plains of Venus. Elastic lithosphere thicknesses range from 8 to 22 km, supporting the thin lithosphere model for Venus.

Dufek J. D. * Herrick R. R Comparison of Extinct and Active Large Shield Volcanoes on Venus [#1447] This study examines a subset of twenty large shield volcanoes on Venus to determine if an evolutionary trend occurs from dome-shaped to central-depression morphology.

Anderson F. S. * Smrekar S. E. Venusian Coronae with Variable Elastic Thickness as a Function of Wavelength [#1994] The gravity of -30 coronae have been studied using 2 admittance methods to assess differences in elastic thickness and to see if they correlate with morphology or geologic setting, in addition to attempting to constrain subsurface structure.

Gauthier M. * Arkani-Hamed J. Formation ofAtalanta Planitia, Venus [#1721] Dynamic modeling shows that it is difficult for a young and immature mantle downwelling to produce Atalanta Planitia. We propose that the basin and the surrounding positive topography could be the result of a later stage of the downwelling.

Senske D. A.* Plaut J. J. The Tellus Region of Venus: Processes in the Formation and Modification ofTessera Terrain [#1496] A study using structural and stereo analysis of early and late stage geologic events within the Tellus region is performed. Evidence is presented that suggests that some tessera material may consist of layered volcanics.

Ivanov M. A. * Head J. W. Stratigraphy of Ridges and Ribbons in Tessera Terrain, Venus [#1233] Stratigraphic relationships between ridges, intratessera plains and ribbons in the largest tessera regions on Venus strong! y suggest that ribbons are among the youngest features of tessera.

31st LPSC Program 85 Ghail R. C. * Egan S. S. A Numerical Orogenic Model of South-East Thetis Regia [#1594] A numerical model of terrestrial lithosphere shortening is applied to SE Thetis Regio. This tesserae terrain consists of a ridge belt and an extensional plateau that are modelled as an active thrust belt, and post-tectonic relaxation, respectively.

Stewart E. M. * Head J. W. III Evidence for Temporal Continuity of Deformation in the Baltis Vallis Region of Venus from Observations of Canali Topography [#1692] Analysis of the topography along Baltis Vallis and many fainter canali observed nearby using GIS suggests that changing styles of tectonism from ridge belt to plains arch and wrinkle ridges resulted from continuous stresses.

Herrick R. R. * Sharpton V. L. An Examination of Alternative Hypotheses for the Causes of Dark-floored Venusian Impact Craters with an Emphasis on Understanding Dark Halo Craters [#1973] We discuss alternative hypotheses to volcanism for the production of dark-floored impact craters on Venus. We examine dark halo craters in detail to understand how regional volcanism can produce a dark floor but not eliminate any dark halo surrounding the crater.

Basilevsky A. T. * Head J. W. III Rifts and Large Volcanoes of Venus: Global Assessment of Their Age Relations with Regional Plains [#1037] Age relations of rifts and large volcanoes with regional plains (with wrinkle ridges) have been globally determined. It was found that the majority of them postdate the plains, thus favoring models of the directional evolution of this planet.

Hansen V. L. * Cautions for Assumptions in Planetary Geologic Mapping [#1453] Planetary geologic map' form the basis for interpreted geohistories and processes. Clear delineation of material units and secondary (tectonic) structures allows extraction of spatial, temporal, rheological information from 2D planetary data sets.

86 31st LPSC Program Thursday, March 16, 2000 ORIGINS OF CHONDRITIC METAL 1:30 p.m. Room B

Chairs: D. S. Lauretta H. C. Connolly Jr.

Weisberg M. K. * Prinz M. Humayun M. Campbell A J. Origin of Metal in the CB (Bencubbinite) Chondrites [#1466] Metal in the CB (bencubbinite) chondrites is a primitive component that occurs as 3 textural-compositional types: (1) homogeneous aggregates, (2) homogeneous metal grains, (3) zoned metal having high (15 wt.%) Ni cores. Zoning may be due to condensation or Fe diffusion.

Meibom A * Desch S. J. Krot A N. Cuzzi J. N. Petaev M. I. Wilson L. Keil K. Large Scale Thermal Events in the Solar Nebula Recorded in FeNi Metal Condensates inCH Chondrites [#1777] Some FeNi metal grains in CHs formed by gas-solid condensation from a gas of solar composition cooling at -0.2 K/h from -1370 K to -1270 K. An astrophysical setting is proposed, which involves large scale convective updrafts from the disk midplane.

Campbell A. J. * Humayun M. Meibom A Krot AN. Platinum Group Element Distributions in Bencubbinite Metal Grains [#1490] Metal grains in the bencubbinite QUE94411 were microanalyzed for platinum group elements at the ppm level with a spatial resolution of 30 microns. The PGEs show radial zoning, which is regarded in view of the proposed condensation origin of these grains.

Petaev M.l. * Meibom A Krot AN. Wood J. A. Keil K. The Condensation Origin of Zoned Metal Grains in QUE94411: Implications for the Formation of Bencubbin!CH-like Chondrites [#1606] Zoned metal grains in Bencubbin/CH-like chondrites were formed by non-equilibrium condensation in nebular systems with non-solar DIG ratios.

Horan M. F.* Walker R. J. Abundances of Highly Siderophile Elements in Chondrites [#1375] New, high precision data for the abundances ofRe, Os, Ir, Ru, Pt and Pd for 16 carbonaceous, enstatite and ordinary chondrites are presented.

Connolly H. C. Jr.* Huss G. R. Wasserburg G. J. On the Fonnation of Metal in CR2 Chondrites: In Situ Determination of PGE Distributions and Bulk Chondrule Compositions [#1437] We analyze the in situ Os, Ir, Pt, and Au content of metal associate with chondrules and matrix of CR2s and bulk-chondrule compositions. We show that metal is produced both within chondrules and by recondensation during/after chondrule cooling.

Lauretta D. S. * Buseck P.R. Chondrule Formation and Volatile Recondensation Recorded in an Opaque Assemblage from the Bishunpur Chondrite [#1136] We reconstruct the thermal and chemical history of an opaque assemblage in B ishunpur (LL3 .1). Its bulk composition constrains the conditions of metal formation in a reduced chondrule interior. Its mineralogy and morphology reflect corrosion in a dust-rich nebular gas.

Johnson C. L. * Lauretta D. S. Buseck P.R. Panethite-bearing Assemblage in the Bishupur LL3.1 Ordinary Chondrite: Possible Alteration Product [#2093] A panethite-bearing assemblage in Bishunpur LL3.1 ordinary chondrite is described as a possible alteration product.

31st LPSC Program 87 Cohen B.* Yu Y. Hewins R. H. Zanda B. Opaque-rich Chondrules: Not Due to the Canonical Nebular Gas? [#1212] = Open system melting experiments at 1 atm, 1565°C and logf02 IW-3, produced metallic iron and dusty olivine. Experiments conducted under "nebular" conditions did not. Chondrules containing metallic iron and dusty olivine require high H2 pressure or abundant solid C.

Humayun M. * Campbell A. J. Re, Os, and Ir Fractionation in Ordinary Chondrite Metal [#2032] Ordinary chondrite metal grains were analyzed by laser ablation ICP-MS to determine the origin of Re/Os fractionation. A model proposed to account for this fractionation by fractional crystallization in molten planetesimals is not supported by the evidence.

Perron C. * Fieni C. Isotopic Heterogeneity of Carbon and Nitrogen in Unequilibrated Chondrites [#1497] The isotopic composition of C and N has been measured in carbon grains in Sharps (H3.4), Moorabie (L3.8), Vigarano (CV3) with an ion microprobe. Both 813C and 815N are variable. 813C values are low, 815N values are very high in Sharps (up to 130%o).

Mathew K. J. * Marti K. Lavielle B. Nitrogen Isotopic Signatures: Tracers of Relationships Among Meteorite Groups [#1169] We report N data of H- and L-chondritic metal separates, which show tight clustering and overlap the signatures of the IIE(Y) and IV A(-6) subgroups of iron meteorites.

Bland P. A.* Hough R. M. Textures in Metal Inclusions of the L5 Ordinary Chondrite Taiban Viewed Using Electron Backscatter Diffraction and Elemental Mapping [#1160] Electron backscatter diffraction, orientation contrast imaging and element maps have revealed complex textures in metal inclusions in the ordinary chondrite Taiban.

88 31st LPSC Program Thursday, March 16, 2000 EUROPA 1:30 p.m. Room C

Chairs: B. R. Tufts R. T. Pappalardo

Figueredo P. H.* Greeley R. Europa's Leading Hemisphere: Geologic History and Implications for Global Models [#1025] We present the geologic map of the northern leading hemisphere of Europa. We determined that lineaments rotated clockwise with time. In the framework of non-synchronous rotation models, our results suggest that Europa's outer shell rotated more than once around its interior.

Head J. W. III* RRR Triple Junctions on Europa: Clues to the Nature of Europan Crustal Spreading Processes [#1286] RRR triple junctions have been located on Europa and provide insight into crustal spreading processes.

Tufts B. R. * Greenberg R. Hoppa G. Geissler P. Dilation of the Europan Lithosphere [#1773] The morphologies of Europan dilationallineaments results from working of cracks by tidal cycling, superimposed by secular dilation. In this model, a subsurface ocean allows decoupling and is the source for new ice that fills dilated lineaments.

Prockter L. M. * Pappalardo R. T. Evidence for Regional-scale Folds on Europa [#1182] We present the first strong evidence for anticlines and synclines on Europa, interpreted to be compressional on the basis of shading variations, associated small-scale structures, global stress orientations and inferred brittle layer thickness.

Kreslavsky M.A.* Helfenstein P. Shkuratov Yu. G. Europa's Opposition Spike: Preliminary Results from Galileo E14 Observations [#1142] The phase function at 0-0.3° phase angle is studied using high-resolution SSI images. The opposition spike is very sharp, especially for dark material. Some stratigraphically young terrains show anomalously weak opposition spike.

Hoppa G. V. * Tufts B. R. Greenberg R. Geissler P. E. Europa's Sub-Jovian Hemisphere from Galileo 125: Tectonic and Chaotic Surface Features [#1380] I25 Galileo SSI images of Europa provide the first moderate resolution images ( 1 km/pixel) of the sub-Jovian hemisphere. These images reveal vast regions of chaotic and tectonic terrain, including some of the longest known cycloidal ridges.

Stevenson D. J. * Limits on the Variation of Thickness of Europa's Ice Shell [#1506] Assuming an ocean, highly variable tidal heating of Europa's ice shell might lead one to expect variations in the ice thickness, either now or in the past. I show that lateral viscous flow of ice eliminates these and the ice thickness will be uniform to better than about 1%.

Thomas P. J. * Goulet M. R. Smith A. J. Whitelaw D. G. B. Chyba C. F. Refreezing Timescales Following a Melt-Through Event on Europa [#1208] We present the application of a numerical model of refreezing after a melt-through of Europa's icy crust. Tidal heating is modeled at the base and within the crust. Ice layer thicknesses of a few km persist for 10% of Europa's surface age.

31st LPSC Program 89 Zolotov M. Yu. * Shock E. L. Freezing of Oceanic Water on Europa: Theoretical Modeling [#1726] We present results of theoretical modeling for freezing of Europa's oceanic water and discuss them in terms of composition and distribution of non-icy material and oceanic chemistry.

Prieto O. * Gutierrez-Florez M. Kargel J. S. Quflez E. Thermal Analysis of Some Hydrated Salts: Implications for Europa's Satellite [#1728] Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis have been used to evaluate the state related to temperature of some hydrated salts involved in the composition of Europa.

Pappalardo R. T. * Upwarped Domes on Europa: Constraints on Mottled Terrain Formation [#1719] Models for Europa's pits, domes, spots, and chaos include: icy volcanism, diapirism, or complete melt-through of Europa's ice shell. The characteristics ofupwarped domes are used to morphologically and quantitatively test each of these models.

Spaun N. A. * Parmentier E. M. Head J. W. Galileo SSI Team Modeling Europa's Crustal Evolution: Implications for an Ocean [#1039] We present a model for the differentiation of Europa's crust considering a magnesium sulfate and water system, providing estimates for crustal layer thicknesses. We consider the geological implications and the plausibility of an ocean.

Greenberg R. * Riley J. Hoppa G. V. Tufts B. R. Geissler P. Distribution of Chaotic Terrain on Europa [#1936] Chaotic terrain occupies nearly half of Europa's surface. Much is degraded: Chaos formation has accompanied tectonic processing over the surface history. Contrary to arguments for solid-state convection, there is no peak in the size distribution.

90 31st LPSC Program Thursday, March 16, 2000 MARS: DIRT,DUST,ANDAIR 1:30 p.m. Room D

Chairs: S. W. Ruff J. M. Eiler

Bandfield J. L. * Christensen P.R. Hamilton V. E. Martian Volcanism: A Global Dichotomy of Basaltic and Andesitic Materials [#1099] Data returned from the TES instrument on board the Mars Global Surveyor has been used to determine global surface compositions. This dataset has revealed a globally dichotomous distribution of basaltic and andesitic materials in Martian dark regions.

Lorenz R. D.* Beyer R. A. The Fate of Salt on Mars: Global Evidence for a Northward Open Salt Cycle [#1276] The north-sloping Martian topography, and the lack of recycling processes, suggest soluble minerals would be transported northwards, making massive (buried) evaporite deposits, for which there is thermal, gravity and morphological evidence.

RuffS. W. * Christensen P.R. Clark R.N. Kieffer H. H. Malin M. C. Bandfield J. L. Jakosky B. M. Lane M.D. Mellon M. T. Presley M.A. Mars' "White Rock" Feature Lacks Evidence of an Aqueous Origin [#1945] The Thermal Emission Spectrometer on board the Mars Global Surveyor has observed "White Rock" and the data do not indicate the presence of evaporite minerals. We suggest it is a deposit of compacted or weakly cemented aeolian sediment.

Kirkland L. E.* Herr K. C. Keirn E. R. Salisbury J. W. Hackwell J. A. A Field Study of Thermal Infrared Spectra of Carbonates, with Implications for Studies of Mars [#1876] SEBASS airborne thermal-IR hyperspectral data show some massive carbonates exhibit dramatically reduced infrared spectral band contrast. We will discuss implications of this result for detecting carbonates on Mars, including for Global Surveyor TES.

Mustard J. F. * Cooper C. D. Global Distribution of Dissected Duricrust on Mars [#1168] Evidence for dissected duricrust was identified in high resolution MOC images. Analysis of all available images was used tC! map the global distribution of this terrain. It is apparently restricted to two latitude bands: 30°-60°N and 30°-60°S.

McAfee J. M. * Kirkland L. E. A Model-Independent Correction of Mars Thermal Spectra near 7.8 iJ.m for C0160 18 Atmospheric Absorption [#1967] We discuss how specific atmospheric gas absorptions affect mineralogical interpretation of the Martian surface and aerosol dust thermal emission spectrum, and present a simple method to correct for them in the 7-13 iJ. m region.

Lemmon M. T. * Smith P. H. Tomasko M. G. Doose L. R. Illumination and Photometry at the Pathfinder Landing Site [#2047] The effect of diffuse lighting on objects seen in IMP images is investigated using radiative transfer models. Images of the radiometric calibration target are used to demonstrate model validity. The photometric properties of the surface are investigated.

31st LPSC Program 91 Edgett K. S. * Malin M. C. Martian Dust Raising and Suiface Albedo Controls: Thin, Dark (And Sometimes Bright) Streaks and Dust Devils in MGS MOC High Resolution Images [#1073] Thin dark streaks are very common in MOC high resolution images. For many months they mystified us but one candidate cause was dust devils. By December 1999, we had pictures that confirm dust devils as the culprits.

Metzger S. M. * Shifting Wind Regimes at MPF as Evidenced by Wind Tail Bedding [#2095] Wind tail bedforms found behind "Barnacle Bill" indicate at least three distinct wind regimes suggesting climate shifts. Furthermore, this deposition does not provide evidence that deflation has lowered the soil surface in this area.

Fenton L. K. * Richardson M. I. Global Martian Sand Transport as Predicted by the GDFL Mars GCM [#2072] We present a numerical model of global sand transport and dunes on Mars using winds from the GFDL Mars GCM and MOLA global topography. We examine the impact of dust storm variability and obliquity variations.

Wilson G. R. * Joshi M. The Martian Surface Boundary Layer [#1678] The difference between surface and atmospheric temperature mearured by MPF can help constrain surface albedo, thermal inertia, and infrared emissivity.

Rahn T. Eiler J. M. * Carbon Isotope Fractionation Associated with Adsorption of C02 on Mineral Substrates and Its Relevance to the Study ofMars [#1933] 13 12 We present an experimental study of C/ C fractionations between C02 vapor and adsorbed C02 at temperatures relevant to the surface of Mars. Results constrain the influence of adsorption on the 13C/12C ratio of the Martian atmosphere.

Tracadas P. W. * Smith D. E. Zuber M. T. Lemoine F. G. The Density Structure of the Martian Thermosphere from MGS Drag Measurements During SPO [#1352] We present measurements of the density of the Martian atmosphere made from the observed orbital decay of MGS during SPO.

92 3/st LPSC Program Thursday, March 16, 2000 POSTER SESSION II 7:00 p.m. UHCL

Astrobiology

Morris P. A. Wentworth S. J. Thomas-Keprta K. L. Allen C. C. Schwandt C. S. McKay D. S. BellM. S. Gibson E. K. Mineralogy of-1-10 Micrometer Iron Spheres Within 3.4 Ga Rocks (Towers Formation, Warrawoona Group, Northwestern Australia) [#2101] Iron-bearing spherules in Archean Warrawoona rocks are composed of hematite and goethite. They are clearly syngenetic with the rock but their origin, whether biological or abiogenic, is not yet known.

Walsh M. M. Westall F. Revisiting the Swaziland Supergroup: New Approaches to Examining Evidence for Early Life on Earth [#1932] The re-examination by SEM of 3.4 Ga fossiliferous carbonaceous cherts reveals fungal contaminants in addition to indigenous microfossils. Weathered volcanic flows associated with fossiliferous chert layers offer a promising area for further study of early life on Earth.

Nankivell A. AndreN. Thomas-Keprta K. Allen C. McKay D. Sulphur Spring: Busy Intersection and Possible Martian Analogue [#1892] Life in extreme environments exhibiting conditions similar to early Earth and Mars, such as Sulphur Spring, may harbor micro biota serving as both relics from the past as well as present day Martian analogues.

DeStefano A. L. Ford J. C. Winsor S. K. Allen C. C. Miller J. McNamara K. M. Gibson E. K. Jr. Microbial Life in the Deep Subsuiface: Deep, Hot and Radioactive [#1702] Recent studies, motivated in part by the search for extraterrestrial life, continue to expand the recognized limits of Earth's biosphere. This work explored evidence for life a high-temperature, radioactive environment in the deep subsurface.

Fernandez-Remolar D. Rodriguez N. Amils R. Prieto O. The Sulfuric Chemistry in the Terrestrial System ofTinto River and Europa: A Comparison [#1679] In order to establish chemical relationships between the terrestrial and Europan systems the ion complex in the water solution and the resulting mineral phases in the Tinto River is being studied and the correspondent (bio )chemical dynamics of the system studied.

Wu Y. Chafetz H. S. Fractionation of

Guidry S. A. Chafetz H. S. Steele A. Toporski J. K. W. A Preliminary TOF-SIMS Assessment of Preservation Potential of Organic Biomarkers in Modem Siliceous Sinter and Core, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming [#1100] Until recently, most biomarker work has focused on morphological body fossils. As a complement to this, three suites of siliceous precipitates were chosen for ToF-SIMS investigation in order to elucidate potential organic biomarkers.

31st LPSC Program ______93 Basiuk V. A. Bogillo V.I. Theoretical Study ofAmino Acid Precursor Formation in Interstellar Medium. 2. Reaction of Methylenimine with CN Radical [#1010] The results of ab initio quantum chemical study are presented for the reaction of methylenimine with CN radical. The reaction is possible in interstellar medium due to the absence of a positive activation energy barrier and to a high exothermicity.

Basiuk V. A. Bogillo V.I. Theoretical Study ofAmino Acid Precursor Formation in Interstellar Medium. I. Reaction of Methylenimine with Hydrogen Cyanide [#1008] The results of ab initio quantum chemical study are presented for the reaction of methylenimine with HCN. Three high-energy transition states were found, which make this reaction hardly possible in interstellar clouds.

Basiuk V. A. Douda J. Survivability of Small Biomolecules During Extraterrestrial Delivery: Simulation Experiments on Amino Acid Pyrolysis [#1007] The results of simulation experiments on the pyrolysis of amino acids under 400°-1000°C are presented, and implications for the extraterrestrial delivery are discussed.

Basiuk V. A. Quantum Chemical Calculations of Infrared Spectra for Identification of Unknown Compounds in Exobiological Simulation Experiments [#1006] Quantum chemical calculation of IR spectra is suggested for the identification of unknown compounds in exobiological simulation experiments (thermal chemistry of extraterrestrial amino acids and Titan atmospheric chemistry).

Gerasimov M. V. Dikov Yu. P. Yakovlev O. I. Wlotzh <. On the Possibility of Hydrocarbons Synthesis During an impact [#1259] Impact '>imulated vaporization of silicates shows efficient hydrocarbons formation in the vapor cloud. The for::,ation of hydrocarbons proceeds efficiently at decreasing temperature and probably due to heterogeneous catalysis.

Van Cleave K. A. Robbins L. L. BellM. S. Microbial Alteration of Maskelynite: Implications for ALH 84001 [#2006] To assess the origin of Fe and Mg-emiched carbonates associated with maskelynite in ALH 84001, we are conducting experiments involving the microbial alteration of feldspathic glass and any microbially-induced precipitation which results during this process.

Kliman D. M. Cooper J. B. Anderson R. C. Martian Soil Plant Growth Experiment: The Effects ofAdding Nitrogen, Bacteria, and Fungi to Enhance Plant Growth [#1871] Plant growth is enhanced by the presence of symbiotic soil microbes. In order to better understand how plants might prosper on Mars, we set up an experiment to test whether symbiotic microbes function to enhance plant growth in a Martian soil simulant.

Allen C. C. Griffin C. Steele A. Wainwright N. Stansbery E. Microbial Life in Martian Regolith Simulant JSC Mars-] [#1287] JSC Mars-1 is a Martian regolith simulant developed to support research, instrument development, and education. This study measures the simulant' s concentration of cellular material and quantifies and identifies a subset of the microbial population.

94 31st LPSC Program Nelson D. M. Farmer J.D. Greeley R. Isidis Rim, Mars, as a Potential Site for Astrobiology [#1232] Isidis Rim, Mars, is of interest for Astrobiology because of valley networks dissecting Noachian highlands. We have produced a geologic map of the Isidis Rim and targeted potential landing ellipses for future landed missions.

Jakosky B. M. Braun L. R. Mellon M. T. Pelkey S.M. High-Resolution Thermal-Inertia Mapping of Mars: Sites of Exobiological Interest [#1858] We use thermal inertia derived from MGS TES data to constrain physical properties of sites of exobiological interest on Mars

Newsom H. E. Bishop J. L. Cockell C. Roush T. Johnson J. R. The Search for Life on Mars in Surface Samples: Lessons from the I999 Marsokhod Field Test [#1931] A rock with possible cryptoendolithic organisms was identified on the basis of a green tinge and textural information, which was confirmed by the identification of chlorophyll visible/NIR spectra

Gaidos E. J. Geophysics of an Oceanic Ice Shell on Snowball Earth [#1107] Kirschvink proposed Precambrian low-latitude glaciation could result in an albedo-driven catastrophic runaway to a "Snowball Earth" state in which pack ice up to 1 km thick covered the world ocean. The geophysical state of an ice crust on a Snowball Earth is examined.

Mars Meteorology

Nakamura T. Tajika E. Martian Climate System: Its Stability and Evolution [#1557] We develop a 1-D energy balance climate model for Mars that includes greenhouse effect of C02 and latitudinal heat transport. We discuss stability and evolution of the Martian climate system by considering energy balance and C02 budget of the system.

Farrell W. M. Desch M.D. Seasonal Driving of a Martian Atmospheric Electric Circuit [#1725] We estimate the strength of the "fairweather" electric fields formed in the surface/ionosphere capacitor system via charged dust storms.

Withers P. Bougher S. W. Keating G. M. New Results from Mars Global Surveyor Accelerometer [#1268] MGS Accelerometer data reveals longitudinal structure in the martian upper atmosphere. This structure changes with latitude and local solar time and contains information about all altitude regions of the atmosphere.

Rao M. N. McKay D. S. Schwandt C. S. Fractionation ofAr and Ne Isotopes in Martian Atmosphere and Some Implications to S Isotope Studies in SNC Meteorites [#1739] Based on large heavy isotope enrichments in Ne and Ar in Martian atmosphere, we suggest that sulfur isotopes may show similar isotopic enrichments in atmosphere and surface samples.

LonghiJ. Low-Temperature Phase Relations in the COrH 20 System with Application to Mars [#1518] This paper presents a topological synthesis of equilibria in the low-temperature portion of the COz-H20 system relevant to Mars. C02 appears to be the major subsurface liquid on Mars at present, although groundwater was probably present at -4 Gy.

31st LPSC Program ______95 Sullivan R. Golombek M. Greeley R. Herkenhoff K. Kraft M. Murphy J. Smith P. Wilson G. Results of the Imager for Mars Pathfinder Windsock Experiment [#1853] The IMP windsock experiment measured wind speeds at three heights within 1.2 m of the martian surface during Pathfinder landed operations. Data from the strongest breezes indicate aerodynamic roughness = 3 em, wind friction speeds up to 1 mlsec.

New Meteorites

Nakamura N. Ebihara M. Hirota Y. OuraY. Yoneda K. Kojima H. Tomeoka K. Kojima T. Komura K. Clayton R.N. Mayeda T. K. Wang D. The Kobe Meteorite: Preliminary Results of Bulk Chemical Composition, Petrography, Cosmic-Ray Induced Radioactivities, Oxygen Isotopes and Classification [#1234] Kobe meteorite fell on 26/9, 1999. By MSID, INAA and PGA analyses, petrography, oxygen isotopes, it is tentatively classified as CK4, the 2nd observed fall ofCK. It indicates unusual REE pattern. Very short-lived cosmogenic nuclides Mg-28 and Ni-57 were identified.

ZipfelJ. PalmeR. ClaytonR.N. MayedaT.K. SpettelB. WolfD. Dar Al Gani 431: A New Anomalous CK3 Chondrite? [#1668] Dar al Gani 431 appears to be related to CK3-an meteorites. The small degree of equilibration within chondrules and CAis, allows to study the effects of limited thermal metamorphism on a carbonaceous chondrite parent body.

Kojima H. Kaiden H. Yada T. 4100 ofYamato98 Meteorite Collected by JARE 39th in 1998-99 Season [#1522] Meteorite search party of the 39th JARE collected 4136 meteorites on bare ice areas around the Yamato Mountains and the Belgica Mountains in 1998-99 field season. Approximately 4100 meteorites have been collected.

Rucklidge J. C. Wilson G. C. Herd R. K. Wacker J. F. The Kitchener L6 Veined Chondrite: Fell 0830 EDT, July 12, 1998 [#2005] The Kitchener meteorite fell on a golf course in SW Ontario, narrowly missing the finder. The recovered stone was completely fusion-crusted and weighed 202 grams. It is an unbrecciated but slightly veined, troilite-rich L6 (S2) ordinary chondrite.

Mikouchi T. Welten K. C. Buchanan P. C. Caffee M. W. Hutchison R. Hutchison M. Zolensky M. E. Meteorite Search in the Deflation Basins in Lea County, New Mexico and Winkler County, Texas, USA: Discovety of Lea County 003 (H4) [#1987] We report our meteorite search, discovery, and classification of the Lea County 003 (H4) from the deflation basin in Lea County, New Mexico, USA. We also compare this meteorite with Lea County 001 and 002 that were found in the same area.

RussellS. S. Zolensky M. E. Bland P. A. Genge M. J. Cressey G. Grady M. M. Hutchison R. The Distribution of Meteorite Finds in the Namibian Desert and Recovery of a Highly Shocked Meteorite Pairing Group [#1743] An expedition to the Walvis Bay area of Namibia in July 1999 resulted in the retrieval of 13 new meteorites, all of type L6. The meteorites are not all paired, and some samples contain the ultra-high pressure minerals ringwoodite and majorite.

96 31st LPSC Program Presolar Grains

Flynn G. J. Keller L. P. Hill H. Jacobsen C. Wirick S. X-Ray Absorption near Edge Structure Spectroscopy of Nanodiamonds from the Allende Meteorite [#1904] Carbon X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure Spectroscopy shows Allende DM nanodiamonds have two pre- edge peaks, consistent with other small diamonds, but fail to show a diamond exciton which is seen in 3.6 nm diamond thin films.

Strebel R. Ruth J. Hoppe P. In Situ Location by Cathodoluminescence and SIMS Isotopic Analyses of Small Corundum Grains in the Krymka Meteorite [#1585] 8 small in situ corundum grains were located in the matrix area of a Krymka thin section by cathodo- luminescence and analyzed for their 0-isotopic composition by secondary ion mass spectrometry.

Heymann D. What is Isotopically Strange Xenon? [#1014] A novel model is proposed for the origin and implantation into nanodiamonds of isotopically strange xenon. The basic assumption is that its p-, s-, and r-components are inseparable because they existed together in surfaces of stars.

Olson E. K. Swindle T. D. Nuth J. A. Ferguson F. Noble Gas Incorporation into Graphitic "Smokes" [#1479] Graphitic smokes were condensed in noble gas atmospheres and analyzed for xenon. Results show trapping of amounts greater than found in chondritic carbonaceous residues. Sites saturated at low pressures. No mass-dependent fractionation was observed.

Carbonaceous Chondrites

Funaki M. Wasilewski P. Pentlandite and Magnetic Anisotropy in Allende CV3 Chondrite [#1148] The representative NRM carrier of Allende is nonstoichiometric pentlandite forming in a magnetic field. The magnetic anisotropy results suggest that the constituent particles were compressed before solidification and then compressed or extended in a different direction.

Varela M. E. Metrich N. Bonnin-Mosbah M. Kurat G. Carbon and Nitrogen Contents of Glass Inclusions in Olivine from the Vigarano, Kaba, Bali and Allende CV3 Chondrites [#1620] C and N contents were measured by NRA in glass inclusions and olivines of some CV3 chondrites. Olivines: C< 40 ppm, N< 20 ppm. Mean content of glass inclusions are: Bali 1000 ppm C, 170 ppm N; Kaba 980 ppm C,190 ppm N; Vigarano 300 ppm C, 140 ppm N.

Chizmadia L. J. Rubin A. E. Petrology and Origin ofAmeoboid Olivine Inclusions in C03 Chondrites [#1494] Amoeboid Olivine Inclusions (AOI) are sensitive indicators of parent body alteration. During alteration, forsteritic olivine is converted to ferroan olivine. AOI have experienced at least sintering in order to be coherent objects.

Klerner S. Jones R. H. Palme H. Shearer C. K. Trace Elements and Cathodoluminescence in Refractory Forsterites from Allende and Kaba [#1689] Trace elements in refractory forsterites in matrix and chondrules from Allende and Kaba were determined by IMP and EMP. Forsterite formation is difficult to explain by in situ-crystallization within chondrules. Direct condensation is also problematic.

31st LPSC Program ------97 Krot AN. Weisberg M. K. Petaev M.l. Keil K. Scott E. R. D. High-Temperature Condensation Signatures in Type I Chondrules from CR Carbonaceous Chondrites [#1470] Type I chondrules from CR chondrites are surrounded by SiOz-rich igneous rims that formed from a Si-rich precursor material condensed on the surface of the solidified host chondrules from a fractionated (Mg/Si

Krot A N. Meibom A. Petaev M. I. Keil K. Zolensky M. E. Saito A. Mukai M. Ohsumi K. Ferrous Silicate Spherules with Euhedral Fe,Ni-Metal Grains inCH Carbonaceous Chondrites: Evidence for Condensation Under Highly Oxidizing Conditions [#1459] A population of ferrous silicate spherules composed of cryptocrystalline ol-px-normative material, ±Si02-rich glass and rounded-to-euhedral Fe,Ni-metal grains preserved a condensation signature of the precursors formed under oxidizing conditions.

Krot AN. Hiyagon H. Petaev M. I. Meibom A Oxygen Isotopic Compositions of Secondary Ca-Fe-rich Silicates from the Allende Dark Inclusions [#1463] 0-isotope compositions of secondary Ca-rich minerals show a large range in 818 0 and 8170 and plot near terrestrial fractionation (TF) line and are consistent with low-T origin in the presence of limited amount of aqueous solution.

Komatsu M. Krot A N. Ulyanov A. A Keil K. Miyamoto M. Mineralogy and Petrography ofAmoeboid Olivine Aggregates from the Reduced CV Chondrites Efremovka, Leoville and Vigarano [#1511] AOAs in the reduced CVs consist ofFo-olivine and Al-diopside-spinel-anorthite CAis, show no evidence for melting and are less altered than the Allende AOAs. AOAs could be genetically related to olivine-rich anorthite-bearing chondrules.

Reisener R. Meibom A Krot AN. Goldstein J.l. Keil K. Microstructure of Condensate Fe-Ni Metal Particles in the CH Chondrite PAT9I546 [#1445] The microstructure of condensate Fe-Ni metal in PAT91546 is consistent with fast cooling during gas-solid condensation, followed by annealing (possibly parent body metamorphism) at very low temperatures.

Wasilewski P. J. Krot AN. Meibom A Magnetic Measurements of the Bencubbin!CH-like Chondrite QUE944I I [#1454] The coercive forse (Hc=2.5 mT) of QUE94411 is the smallest ever recorded in chondritic meteorites, including CV, H, L, LL, and E. We infer that magnetic records in metal grains from QUE94411 are consistent with their quenching at high temperature.

Sugiura N. Petrographic Evidence for In-Situ Hydration ofthe CH Chondrite PCA9I467 [#1503] Nitrogen isotopic compositions of various N carriers in PCA91467 imply that hydration occurred in-situ in this chondrite. Petrographic evidence of this in-situ hydration is reported.

Berczi Sz. The Shape of Kaba: Two Main Streamline Systems on Its Surface, Showing Oriented Fall [#1198] On the double conic rather regular shape of Kaba two intersecting radial streamline systems were observed. According to the two ditierent centers of the two streamline systems at least one overturning of Kaba during its oriented fall could be concluded.

Cohen B. A Coker R. F. Further Modeling of Liquid Water on em Parent Bodies [#1935] We continue to develop a CM parent body thermal model, including new physical expressions, 60pe, and a warm nebula. These updates do not reproduce CM meteorite characteristics; however, CM-type material can exist close to the surface of the model asteroid.

98 31st LPSC Program Arnoult K. M. Wdowiak T. J. Wade M. L. Garner J. R. Beegle L. W. Coltress B. G. Aqueous Processing in Planetesimals of Interstellar Species [#1472] Laboratory experiments suggest interstellar organics were processed in planetesimals under near-critical water conditions of temperature and pressure yielding the kind of organic material found in carbonaceous chondrites.

Tsuchiyama A. Kawabata T. Kondo M. Uesugi K. Nakano T. Suzuki Y. Yagi M. Umetani K. Shirono S. Spinning Chondrules Deduced from Their Three-Dimensional Structures by X-ray CT Method [#1566] 3D structures of POP and BO chondrules were obtained by X-ray CT method. The external shapes are oblate. Distributions of voids and parallel olivine plates in connection to the minor axes suggest spinning chondrules with the rate of about 100 rpm.

Enstatite Chondrites

Hicks T. L. Fagan T. J. Keil K. Metamorphic Sequence of Unequilibrated EH Chondrites Using Modal Olivine and Silica Abundance [#1491] X-ray element maps and remote sensing software are used to collect modal abundances of silica, olivine, and enstatite to determine metamorphic sequence within EH3 chondrites based on the reaction olivine + silica ---t enstatite.

Patzer A. Schultz L. Origin and Evolution of Enstatite Chondrites: Constraints from Nobles Gases [#1314] The distribution and composition of trapped noble gas components in Enstatite Chondrites are inconsistent with the classical model of metamorphism on meteoritic parent bodies. Hence, the evolution of Enstatite Chondrites needs to be reconsidered.

Ordinary Chondrites

HanonP. "Organic" Matter Among Chondrules Grain Precursors: An Ion Microprobe Study [#1351] Hand C contents were measured in chondrules with ion microprobe. "CH3COOH"-soluble organic matter and a more C-rich component (which could explain metal blebs in "reduced" chondrules) could have belonged to chondrules mineral precursors.

Zolensky M. E. Bodnar R. J. Schwandt C. Yang S. V. Halide Minerals in the Monahans ( 1998) and Zag H Chondrite Regolith Breccias [#1181] Description of halide minerals in H chondrites.

Wieler R. Gi.inther D. Hattendorf B. Pettke T. Zolensky M. E. Chemical Composition of Halite from the Monahans Chondrite Determined by Laser Ablation ICP-MS [#1560] We present Na, Cl, K, Br, Rb and some other element data on halite and its sylvite inclusions in Monahans determined by high-sensitivity LA-ICP-MS.The data are consistent with an origin of the halites as evaporites

Benoit P. H. Ninagawa K. Sears D. W. G. Thermoluminescence Sensitivity and Thermal History of Unequilibrated Ordinary Chondrites: Review and Update [#1394] We report on the induced thermoluminescence (TL) data for 102 unequilibrated ordinary chondrites. We discuss these data in terms of pairing, weathering, and parent body thermal history. We identify ten possible meteorites of petrologic types 3.0-3.1.

31st LPSC Program 99 Hillegonds D. J. Lipschutz M. E. From One Group to Many: The Trials and Tribulations ofAntarctic H-Chondrites with Unique Thermoluminescence Levels [#1997] Accelerator-based radiocarbon data from 22 Antarctic H-chondrites are discussed. Special attention is paid to the juxtaposition of meteorites (from the same preterrestrial object) having normal and very high levels of natural thermoluminescence.

Ruzicka A. Hiyagon H. Prinz M. Taylor L. A. Forsteritic Olivine Grains in Unequilibrated Ordinary Chondrites: Additional Evidence for a Link Between Ordinary and Carbonaceous Chondrites [#1312] We report mineral-chemical and SIMS oxygen-isotopic studies of forsteritic olivine grains from various UOCs. Our studies provide additional evidence for a genetic link between ordinary and carbonaceous chondrites and between various lithologies in these meteorites.

Wilkison S. L. Robinson M. S. Some Bulk Density Measurements of Ordinary Chondrites [#1939] We measured the bulk densities of 82 ordinary chondrites. The purpose of our study is to provide a rigorous quantification of the errors in the method (in accuracy and precision) and to investigate possible compositional controls over bulk density.

Friedrich J. M. Lipschutz M. E. Chemical Analysis of L Chondrites: Forty-five Elements by ICPMS [#1020] We have developed a new ICPMS method to quantify elements in meteorites and study the chemical constitution of the L chondrites. Our ICPMS method can accurately and precisely determine concentrations of forty-five elements in L chondrite falls.

Reid A. M. Dussaud E. A. Metamorphosed Antarctic LL Chondrites: Pyroxene Thermometry [#1751] Pyroxene compositions in 32 Antarctic LL4-LL7 chondrites are consistent with partial metamorphic annealing in the 800°-1000°C range but there is no evidence of increase in metamorphic temperature with petrologic type.

McKeegan K. D. Greenwood J.P. Leshin L.A. Cosarinsky M. Abundance of26Al in Ferromagnesian Chondrules of Unequilibrated Ordinary Chondrites [#2009] Ion microprobe measurements of Al-rich glassy mesostasis in five "normal" ferromagnesian chondrules from UOCs Semarkona and Bishunpur show resolvable 26Mg* in threee samples suggesting that these chondrule melts solidified with live 26 AI at -10-5 x 27 AI.

Chamot J. A. McSween H. Y. Jr. A Comparison of Pyroxene and Plagioclase Geothermometry in H6 Ordinary Chondrites [#1426] H6 chondrite orthopyroxene analyses are used to derive parent body metamorphic temperatures. The results are compared to pre-existing pyroxene and plagioclase temperatures.

Benoit P. H. Sears D. W. G. The Interpretation of Natural Thermoluminescence Data for Meteorites: Theoretical Basis and Practical Application [#1396] Natural thermoluminescence (TL) of ordinary chondrites reflects their irradiation and thermal history. We discuss the quantitative aspects of TL interpretation, with an emphasis on the terrestrial history of Antarctic meteorites and the orbital history of-modern falls.

100 31st LPSC Program Cosmogenic Nuclides

Garrison D. H. Bogard D. D. Noble Gases in the Monahans Chondrite and Halite: 39Ar-40Ar Age, Space Exposure Age, Trapped Solar Gases, and Neutron Fluence [#1137] For the Monahans chondrite and halite, we determined 39 Ar-40 Ar ages of silicate =4.53 Ga, halite >4.3 Ga; a space exposure age of -5 Ma; a regolith pre-irradiation; solar gas concentrations in the dark phase; and a regolith thermal neutron fluence.

Leya I. GrafTh. Nishiizumi K. Gunther D. Wieler R. Cosmogenic 21 Ne Production Rates in H-Chondrites Based on 36Cl-36Ar Ages [#1562] We measured 21 Ne production rates in 14 H-chondrites in good agreement with model calculations. The production rates are based on 21 Ne concentrations measured on bulk samples or the non-magnetic fraction and 36Cl-36Ar ages determined from the metal phase.

Meshik A. P. Hohenberg C. M. Burnett D. S. Woolum D. S. Release of Implanted Noble Gases from Metallic Glass Vitreloy During Pyrolysis [#1900] Vitreloy, a metallic vitreous glass, was examined as a potential target material for the Genesis Mission solar wind collector. Stepped pyrolysis revealed that He and Ne implanted in Vitreloy were efficiently re-trapped during phase transitions.

Sisterson J. M. Vincent J. Jones D. T. L. Binns P. J. Langen K. Schroeder I. Buthelezi Z. Brooks F. D. Buffler A. Allie M.S. Herbert M.S. Nchodu M. R. Ullmann J. Production of Short-lived Radionuclides by Protons and Neutrons in Fe and Ni Targets: Cross Sections Needed for Cosmic Ray Studies [#1432] New neutron and proton cross sections for short-lived radionuclides produced in Fe and Ni are presented. These cross sections are essential to understand cosmic ray interactions with meteorites and the lunar surface.

Leya I. Wieler R. Michel R. Diffusive Losses of Tritium in Irradiation Experiments; Implications for Meteorites [#1156] We present new results for 3He production rates in stony meteoroids. The new data indicate that only very few meteorites show no 3H diffusive losses. About 15% of total 3H is lost by diffusion in a typical meteorite.

The Angry Red Planet

Mitchell K. L. Wilson L. Constraints on Eruptions from Primary Magma Chambers on Mars [#1738] We examine basaltic volcanic eruptions from neutral buoyancy zone magma chambers on Mars using a computational numerical model and conclude that it is possible to generate extremely powerful explosive eruptions.

Thomson B. J. Head J. W. III Estimating the Silica Content of Martian Lava Flows Using MOLA [#1883] New MOLA topographic data is used to estimate the rheologic properties of two lava flows SW of Arsia Mons. Estimates of silica content suggest that one of the flows approaches the composition of basaltic andesite.

Molinero R. J. Garvin J. B. Sakimoto S. E. H. Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter ( MOLA) Topography and Preliminary Analysis of a South Polar Enigmatic Small Volcano [#1895] MOLA topography of an enigmatic south polar small volcano.

31st LPSC Program 101 Wright H. M. Sakimoto S. E. H. Garvin J. B. Morphology of Some Small Mars North-Polar Volcanic Edifices from Viking Images and MOLA Topography [#1894] Studied features in the northern near polar regions of Mars have morphologies suggesting volcanic origin. The results of this study suggest that these features may represent martian effusive shield volcanics.

Farrand W. H. Remotely Sensed Signatures of Hydrovolcanism: Examples from the Earth and Preliminary Results from Mars [#1965] Hydrovolcanic features (e.g., maars, tuff cones, etc.) are likely to exist on Mars. Reflectance and emissivity spectra of terrestrial tephras will be presented along with topographic profiles. Preliminary results from MGS will also be presented.

Dohm J. M. Baker V. R. Anderson R. C. Scott D. H. Rice J. W. Jr. Hare T. M. Identifying Martian Hydrothermal Sites: Geological Investigation Utilizing Multiple Datasets [#1613] Comprehensive geological investigations of martian landscapes that may have been modified by magmatic-driven hydrothermal activity, utilizing multiple datasets, will yield prime target sites for future hydrological, mineralogical, and biological investigations.

Mars: The Other Red Meat

Edgett K. S. Malin M. C. Sullivan R. 1. Thomas P. Veverka J. Dynamic Mars: New Dark Slope Streaks Observed on Annual and Decadal Time Scales [#1058] MGS MOC images show new dark mass-wasting deposits formed over periods of 11 Mars years (Viking to MGS) and 1 Mars year (MGS AB-1 to MGS Mapping Phase). Mars is a dynamic planet with geologic processes occurring today.

Figueredo P. H. Greeley R. Local Variations in Aeolian Deposits in Melas Chasma, Mars [#1024] We studied variations in dune orientation and spacing in a MOC image from Melas Chasma. Using morphometric relationships, we estimated the thickness of the aeolian cover in 337 places within the area and integrated them into an isopach map.

Haldemann A. F. C. Forsberg N. K. Golombek M.P. Bridges N. T. Far-Field Rock Size-Frequency Distribution at the Mars Pathfinder Landing Site and Comparison to the Near Field [#1846] Detailed measurements of rocks in the far field at the Mars Pathfinder landing site are consistent with the near field exponential drop off in the cumulative number or area covered by large diameter rocks (and with similar behavior at the Viking sites).

Craddock R. A. Golombek M. Howard A. D. Analyses of Rock Size-Frequency Distributions and Morphometry of Modified Hawaiian Lava Flows: Implications for Future Martian Landing Sites [#1649] Both the size-frequency distribution and morphometry of rock populations emplaced by a variety of geologic processes in Hawaii indicate that such information may be useful in planning future landing sites on Mars and interpreting the surface geology.

StookeP. J. The Pathfinder Landing Area in MGS/MOC Images [#1133] Features seen in Pathfinder panoramas were looked for in SPO-phase MGS/MOC images. A possible location places Pathfinder 20 m east of the point found by plotting azimuths to horizon features. The method may be useful for locating the Viking landers.

102 31st LPSC Program Stoker C. R. Kanefsky B. The Superresolved Super Pan: Improved Resolution of the Mars Pathfinder Landing Site Using Superresolution on the IMP Super Pan Data Set [#1753] The Imager for Mars Pathfinder Super Pan image cubes were combined using Superresolution to produce a data set with a factor of two higher spatial resolution than the starting products. The data product is presented.

Koehler U. Head J. W. III Hiesinger H. Mustard J. PrattS. Thomson B. Geology and Topography in the Sinus Meridiani Region, Proposed as a Possible Mars Landing Site [#1805] A part of the Sinus Meridiani region is under consideration as a possible landing site for a Mars lander mission. Here morphological and topographical observations of this area from Viking, MOC and MOLA data are presented and discussed.

Tanaka K. L. Joyal T. Wenker A. The Isidis Plains Unit, Mars: Possible Catastrophic Origin, Tectonic Tilting, and Sediment Loading [#2023] We propose that a deposit covering most of Isidis Planitia formed by catastrophic erosion of materials along the western margin of the topographic basin and subsequently deformed by sediment loading and tilting caused by loading of a huge deposit in Utopia Planitia.

KolbE. J. Tanaka K. L. Further Volume and Thickness Constraints for the South Polar Layered Deposits of Mars [#2063] Employing Mars Orbital Laser Altimeter data, the volume and thickness of south polar layered deposit material has been further constrained.

Bradley B. A. Grosfils E. B. Sakimoto S. E. H. Boundaries and Stratigraphy of the Medusae Fossae Formation and Elysium Basin Materials Using Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) Data [#2055] MOLA data provide a new method for evaluating the accuracy of unit boundaries previously proposed for the Medusae Fossae Formation. Here we examine the MFF deposits along the dichotomy boundary from 202-222W.

Kreslavsky M.A. Head J. W. Kilometer-Scale Roughness of Martian Surface from MOLA Data: Characterization of Geological Units [#1144] The median absolute value of differential slope is used as a measure of surface roughness at 0.6-20 km baselines. Geological units demonstrate distinctive dependences of roughness on the baseline length.

Holey Mars!

BarlowN. G. Updates to the "Catalog of Large Martian Impact Craters" [#1475] The "Catalog of Large Martian Impact Craters" provides information on 42,283 craters. The Catalog is being updated using MOC, MOLA, and TES information.

Perez C. B. Barlow N. G. Martian Layered Ejecta Mmphologies: Ejecta Mobility Studies [#1682] We are calculating ejecta mobility ratios (maximim ejecta length/crater diameter) and performing analyses to determine if correlations exist with latitude, ejecta type, terrain, and/or elevation.

31st LPSC Program 103 Head J. N. Melosh H. J. Launch Velocity Distribution of the Martian Clan Meteorites [#1937] We have analyzed the velocity distribution of fragments eje~ted from Mars in a hydrocode modeled impact. Approximately one-quarter of ejected material could be placed directly onto Earth-crossing orbits.

Hiesinger H. Head J. W. III PrattS. Morphologic and Topographic Characterization of the Argyre Basin, Mars: Initial MOLA Observations [#1639] At present we see no strong evidence that the Argyre basin contained vast quantities of water. However, the presence of Hesperian channels draining from the south polar areas suggests that the smooth unit Hr may be related to an aqueous emplacement.

Frey H. Roark J. Sakimoto S. Detailed Topographic Structure of the Isidis Impact Basin from MOLA Data [#1748] High resolution MOLA data of the Isidis impact basin show complex topographic structure in the floor which has not been previously mapped and which appears to have no counterpart in available images.

Grosfils E. B. Sakimoto S. E. H. Garvin J. B. Using Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) Data to Assess Impact Crater Modification in the Arrhenius Region of Mars [#1311] This study combines MOLA altimetry with photographic imagery to begin assessing the extent to which sedimentary and volcanic processes have affected impact crater morphology in the Arrhenius region of Mars.

Matias A. Garvin J. B. Sakimoto S. E. H. Mid-Latitude Simple to Transitional Impact Craters on Mars: From Viking Images and Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) Topographic Data [#1787] This study is a continuation of a preliminary assessment of latitude-dependent impact crater morphologies in Mars.

Esquerdo G. A. Hartmann W. K. Continued Studies of Kilometer-Scale Martian Deformed Craters: Additional Evidence of Suiface Modification Mechanisms [#1476] MGS show 1-4 km craters which appear to have undergone isostatic deformation (Hartmann and Esquerdo, MAPS, 1999). We provide examples of a few of these features. They may indicate episodes of permafrost melting.

Grier J. A. Hartmann W. K. Rayed Craters as Probes of the Upper Suiface of Ma 'adim Vallis and Elysium Planitia: Inzaf?es from Mars Global Surveyor [#1478] Certain small (100-20m) rayed craters in the Ma'adim Vallis and Elysium Planitia regions of Mars possess both dark and light radially striped ejecta. This may be evidence for layering of sediment (and perhaps lava) in the upper 10m of the surface.

Howard A. D. Craddock R. Degraded Noachian Craters: Fluvial Versus Lava Infilling [#1542] Degraded Noachian crater floors have symmetrical fan-like form that is similar in gradient and concavity to terrestrial fluvial basin deposits, suggesting that fluvial deposition was a dominant process in crater degradation

Plaut J. J. Small Crater Populations on Mars: Studies of MOC Images [#2060] Populations of small martian craters can now be studied using MOC images. The smallest craters record aspects of the crater production and resurfacing history that could not be observed previously. Examples from a number of terrains are shown.

104 31st LPSC Program Ramstad J. F. A Study of Impact Crater Morphology and Morphometry of the Ismenius Lacus Region (MC-5), Mars [#2035] High resolution (100 m/p or better) Viking Orbiter imagery is used for qualitative and quantitative comparison of impact craters in the Ismenius Lacus area of Mars to look for differences in subsurface volatile concentration across various regions.

Rathbun J. A. Squyres S. W. Interaction of Groundwater with Impacts on Mars: Possible Hydrothermal Systems [#1111] We model the interaction of groundwater with the heat of an impact and find that a hydrothermal system forms on the crater floor and a lake develops in large craters. We compare these to systems on earth and suggest improvements for future modeling.

Reese C. C. Solomatov V. S. Baumgardner J. R. Impacts and the Thermal Evolution of Mars [#1807] We hypothesize that many aspects of Martian evolution can be understood as a product of both impacts and mantle convection with strongly temperature dependent rheology. Impact heating during late stage accretion induces long-lived mantle upwellings.

The "Dirt" on Mars

Kirkland L. E. Forney P. B. Herr K. C. Comparison of Thermal Infrared Spectral Data Sets of Mars: 1969 IRS, 1971 IRIS, and 1996 TES [#1928] Three spacecraft spectrometers have returned thermal-IR data sets of Mars. We will discuss the strengths of each, lessons learned and applications to future spectral instruments, and we will present unique, newly recovered IRS laboratory spectra.

Kirkland L. E. Herr K. C. Adams P.M. Salisbury J. W. Treiman A. A Laboratory Study of Weathered Carbonates, with Implications for the Infrared Remote Sensing of Carbonates on Mars [#1915] Some massive carbonates exhibit dramatically reduced spectral contrast for the strong bands at 6.5 and 11.25 p.m. We are examining samples of weathered carbonates to determine why, and what this indicates for remote detection of carbonates and sulfates.

Mellon M. T. Jakosky B. M. Kieffer H. H. Christensen P.R. High-Resolution Thermal Inertia Mapping from the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer [#1898] The thermal inertia of the martian surface has been derived and mapped at high resolution from the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer observations of surface temperature. Global and local scale results and analysis will be presented.

Pelkey S.M. Jakosky B. M. Mellon M. T. High-Resolution Thermal-Inertia Mapping of Mars: Aeolian Features [#1716] We have determined the thermal inertia of wind streaks on Mars, as a constraint on their particle size and thickness.

Hamilton V. E. Bandfield J. L. Christensen P.R. The Mineralogy of Martian Dark Regions from MGS TES Data: Preliminary Determination of Pyroxene and Feldspar Compositions [#1824] We present preliminary determinations of the solid solution compositions of pyroxene and feldspar in MGS TES spectra of Martian dark regions previously interpreted to represent basaltic and basaltic andesitic to andesitic compositions.

31st LPSC Program 105 Gaddis L. R. Titus T. N. Valles Marineris, Mars: Mapping Basaltic Units Using TES Data [#1976] TES data are used to map geologic units at 8 to 12 microns in the Valles Marineris, Mars.

Cloutis E. A. Goltz D. M. Coombs J. Russell B. Guertin M. Mueller T. Hydrated Carbonate Minerals: Spectral Reflectance Properties and Possibility of Detection in Martian Spectra [#1152] The spectral reflectance properties of a diverse suite of hydrated carbonates have been measured. They exhibit a range of spectral properties and many are consistent with spectral features seen in Mars spectra and attributed to these minerals.

Cloutis E. A. Asher P.M. Mertzman S. A. Guertin M. Spectral-Compositional Properties of Zeolites [#1172] The spectral properties of a range of zeolites were measured. Their spectra exhibit a number of features attributable almost exclusively to the volatile phases they contain as well as minor amounts of iron.

Lin I-C. Lauer H. V. Jr. Golden D. C. Ming D. W. Differential Scanning Calorimetry of Volatile-bearing Iron Minerals Under Mars-like Pressures: New Insights into Energetics and Mechanisms ofThennal Decomposition [#1417] Lepidocrocite and siderite both exhibit different enthalpic events during their decomposition at reduced pressures when compared to those at ambient pressure, allowing us looking into the mechanisms of thermal decomposition at Mars-like pressures.

Bishop J. L. Mancinelli R. L. Olsen M. Wagner P. A. Zent A. P. Ferrihydrite Alteration to Magnetite, Maghemite and Hematite; Implications for Iron Oxides on Mars [#1946] Synthetic ferrihydrites have been altered to form magnetite, maghemite and hematite through low-temperature heating experiments (some with an organic reductant). Maghemite formed in this manner could become an indicator for Astrobiology on Mars.

Lauer H. V. Jr. Ming D. W. Golden D. C. Lin I-C. Boynton W. V. Thennal and Evolved Gas Analysis of Hydromagnesite and Nesquehonite: Implications for Remote Thennal Analysis on Mars [#2102] Here we present the thermal and evolved gas analyses for hydromagnesite and nesquehonite under reduced pressure.

Lauer H. V. Jr. Ming D. W. Golden D. C. Lin I-C. Morris R. V. Boynton W. V. Thennal and Evolved Gas Analyses at Reduced Pressures: A Mineral Database for the Thennal Evolved Gas Analyzer (TEGA) [#1990] Here we present a database for the thermal behavior of volatile-bearing phases under reduced pressure in support of the Mars Polar Lander Thermal Evolved Gas Analyzer (TEGA).

Larsen K. W. Arvidson R. E. Jolliff B. L. Clark B. C. Correspondence and Least Squares Analyses of Soil and Rock Compositions for the Viking Lander 1 and Pathfinder Sites [#1269] Correspondence and Least Squares Mixing Analysis techniques are applied to the chemical composition of Viking 1 soils and Pathfinder rocks and soils. Implications for the parent composition of local and global materials are discussed.

Hviid S. F. Knudsen J. M. Madsen M. B. Hargraves R. B. Spectroscopic Investigation of the Dust Attracted to the Magnetic Properties Experiment on the Mars Pathfinder Lander [#1641] Spectroscopic investigation of the dust attracted to the magnet arrays on the Mars Pathfinder Lander. The magnetic dust spectrum shows a correlation to the Mars bright regions spectrum.

106 31st LPSC Program Basilevsky A. T. Yakovlev O. I. Fisenko A. V. Semjonova L. F. Moroz L. V. Pieters C. M. Hiroi T. Zinovieva N. G. Keller H. U. Semenova A. S. Barsukova L. D. Roshchina I. A. Galizinskaya A. Kh. Stroganov I. A. Simulation of Impact Melting Effect on Optical Properties of Martian Regolith [#1214] To simulate the effect of impact melting of optical properties of Martian soil the JSC Mars-1 simulant was melted and cooled in several regimes. Spectral studies showed that the produced glasses are darker and less red than the soil simulant.

Garry J. R. C. Pearson V. K. Towner M. C. Sephton M.A. Attempted UV Photolysis of Naphthalene in the Presence of Martian Regolith Simulant [#1979] A preliminary experiment has been run to study the chemical, and eventually the isotopic, degradation of aromatic molecules in UV -rich environments. Napthelene mixed with a Martian regolith simulant has been exposed to solar UV with no detectable changes.

Johnson J. R. Grundy W. M. Two-Layer Modeling of Visible/Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectra of Basalts Coated with JSC-1 Palagonite Soil [#1724] We investigate VIS/NIR spectra of palagonite coatings on basalt substrates, and develop a two-layer Hapke scattering model that reproduces the observed spectra well when the phase function and absorption coefficients are varied with wavelength.

Johnson J. R. RuffS. W. Moersch J. Roush T. Horton K. Bishop J. Cabrol N. A. Cockell C. Gazis P. Newsom H. E. Stoker C. Geological Characterization of Remote Field Sites Using Visible and Infrared Spectroscopy: Results from the 1999 Marsokhod Field Test [#1370] The 1999 Marsokhod Field Experiment (MFE) provided an opportunity to test the suitability of rover-borne visible/near-infrared and thermal infrared field spectrometers to contribute to the remote geological exploration of a Mars analog field site.

Ponti S. Blanco A. Blecka M. I. Jurewicz A. Orofino V. On the Problem of the "Missing Carbonates" on Mars [#1577] We discuss the issue of the search for carbonates on the Martian surface, addressing the importance of the two competing processes of photodecomposition and chemisorbtion and evaluating the influence of the surface temperature on the delectability of the carbonates.

Wang A. Jolliff B. L. Haskin L.A. Kuebler K. E. Characterization of Structures and Compositions of Quadrilateral Pyroxenes by Raman Spectroscopy - Implications for Future Planetary Exploration [#1875] Raman spectral data are used to distinguish the major structure types and to calculate the major compositional parameters (Mg' and Wo) of quadrilateral pyroxenes. The discrepancies between calculated and measured values are within ±0.1 cation unit.

Horton K. A. Domergue-Schmidt N. Sharma S. K. Deb P. Lucey P. G. Remote Raman System for Planetary Landers: Data Reduction and Analysis [#1514] Raman spectroscopy is typically envisioned as an in situ analysis technique. Raman spectra measured remotely (lOs of meters) from a planetary lander can be calibrated to spectral radiance and the Raman scattering efficiency can be determined.

Sharma S. K. Chio C. H. Deb P. Lucey P. G. Domergue-Schmidt N. Horton K. A. Effect of Grain Size and Grain Orientation on the Raman Spectra of Minerals [#2030] We have examined effects of grain size and grain orientation on the Raman spectra of quartz and olivine to evaluate the effect of these parameters on in situ and remote analysis of planetary surface rocks.

Harcke L. J. Zebker H. A. Jurgens R. F. Slade M.A. Imaging Mars with 3.5 em Radar [#1770] We report on imaging of Mars during 1999 opposition with the Goldstone 3.5 em wavelength radar.

31st LPSC Program 107 Martian Magnetics

GrimmR. E. Magnetic Lineations on Mars: Formation by Noachian Crustal Accretion or Depletion? [#2056] Tensional stresses due to southern crustal accretion or northern depletion caused sufficient extension to form the magnetic lineations. Polar wander then brought the CM-CF offset and the lineations into their present orientations.

Ruzicka A. Magnetic Lineations on Mars: Evidence for Plate Tectonics, or for Magnetic Eolian Deposits? [#1575] Intense and spatially extensive magnetic anomalies on Mars have been interpreted as evidence of plate-tectonic processes. Here, I explore the possibility that the anomalies are caused instead by magnetized eolian deposits.

Krause M. O. Gilmore M.S. The Distribution of Magnetic Sources on Mars as Related to Swface Geology [#1603] Preliminary data correlating the magnetization of Mars' crust with surficial geologic units suggest that the martian dynamo may have shut off more than 4 billion years ago.

Sprenke K. F. Baker L. L. Polar Wandering on Mars? [#1930] The magnetic anomalies on Mars are reinterpreted assuming a monopolarity areocentic axial dipole field. The results may provide evidence for polar wander on Mars.

Mege D. Chardon D. Hansen V. L. Rayleigh-Taylor Instability-driven Plume Tectonics and the Rheology of the Archean, Venusian, and Martian Crusts [#1998] Models of Rayleigh-Taylor instability development place constraints on the rheology of Archean crust, support upwelling models for Venusian crustal plateaus, and suggest a possible mechanism of origin for the Martian crustal magnetic anomalies.

Integrated Lunar Science at the Hard Rock Cafe

Jolliff B. L. Gillis J. J. Korotev R. L. Haskin L. A. On the Origin ofNonmare Materials at the Apollo 12 Landing Site [#1671] Sources of nonmare material at the Apollo 12 site are investigated using remotely sensed FeO and Th data and measured soil compositions. Copernicus ray ejecta, Reinhold ejecta, and vertical gardening of buried crater ejecta (Lansberg) are evaluated.

Zeigler R. A. Jolliff B. L. Korotev R. L. Haskin L. A. Petrology, Geochemistry, and Possible Origin of Monomict Mafic Lithologies of the Cayley Plains [#1859] We present new compositional and petrographic data for 9 small mafic rocks from Apollo 16, 5 volcanic lithologies and 4 nonmare lithologies, including a ferroan troctolitic anorthosite and sadie ferrogabbro.

Taylor L.A. Morris R. V. Keller L. P. Pieters C. Patchen A. Taylor D. S. Wentworth S. McKay D. S. Major Contributions to Spectral Reflectance Opacity by Non-Agglutinitic, Surface-Correlated Nanophase Iron [#1842] Impact-produced nanophase FeO that is the culprit in space weathering modifications to lunar reflectance spectra, with the largest contribution being, not in agglutinates, but surface-correlated, mainly as vapor-deposited patinas.

108 31st LPSC Program Basu A. Bogard D. D. Garrison D. H. Lauer H. V. Jr. Lindstrom D. McKay D. S. Morris R. V. Pieters C. M. Wentworth S. J. A Status Report on the Consortium Study of Regolith Breccia 10068 [#1941] Petrography, chemical composition, rare-gas isotopes, and reflectance spectra of grain-size fractions of the disaggregated product of regolith breccia 10068 are compared to those of the soil 10084.

Hinrichs J. L. Lucey P. G. Meibom A. Domergue-Schmidt N. M. Taylor G. J. Burbine T. McCord D. D. Near-IR Reflectance Temperature Sensitivity: Lunar Soils, Meteorites, and Minerals [#1521] Sensitivity of NIR reflectance properties to temperature change have been measured for eleven lunar soils and seven meteorites. The sensitivity of measured samples in vacuum to the radiation environment is shown. ·

Milliken R. E. Basu A. A Modified CIPW Norm Calculation for Lunar Mare Basalts [#1427] CIPW norms of lunar mare basalts are anomalously low in pyroxene. A modified norm calculation allowing higher Ca, Ti, AI, Cr, and Mn in di' and hy' obtains closer matches between normative and modal mineralogy.

Shearer C. K. Papike J. J. Karner J. M. Trace Element Behavior ofFe-, Ti-Oxides from High-Ti Mare Basalts [#1410] Understanding the trace element crystal chemistry of Fe-,Ti-oxides defines the role they play in basalt petrogenesis. In this study, we developed ion microprobe techniques to analyze trace elements in oxides and applied this approach to oxides in mare basalts.

Togashi S. Kita N. T. Morishita Y. Small Degrees of Partial Melting for Primitive Magmas of Lunar Highland Rocks Estimated from Trace Elements in Plagioclase [#1537] Less than 20 % partial melting of lunar plagioclase-lherzolite mantle (DSr = 0.25) could produce the primitive magmas of lunar highland rocks. The low Sr/Ba ratio and high Co content estimated from plagioclase constraint the degrees of melting.

Colson R. O. Hendrickson T. R. Malum K. M. Floden A.M. Mapping Activity Variations in Lunar Volcanic Green Glass Analogs Using Differential Pulse Voltammetry [#1771] Variations in partitioning can have somewhat counterintuitive effects on chemical trends. As part of understanding partitioning variations, we report variations in NiO activities as a function of composition as measured by differential pulse voltammetry.

Dikov Yu. P. Wlotzka F. Ruth J. Gerasimov M. V. Yakovlev O. I. Impact Simulated Evaporation of Murchison: The Composition of Condensed Film and Melt Spherules [#1250] Impact related melt spherules and condensed films were simulated by evaporation of cabonaceous chondrite Murchison. Carbon and Zn show a very similar concentration profiles and the chemical state as on the surface of Luna-16 regolith particles.

Playing the Lunar Crustal Record: My Darling Clementine

Rose D. E. Spudis P. D. Piercing the Clouds: The Stratigraphy of Mare Nubium [#1364] An area of Mare Nubium from 0°-30°S and 0°-30°W was examined using the multispectral data obtained by the Clementine mission in 1994. We have mapped the stratigraphy of Mare Nubium using these and other data to reconstruct its volcanic history.

31st LPSC Program 109 Dunkin S. K. Heather D. J. Dandy C. L. Spudis P. D. Bussey D. B. J. Stratigraphy of the Mare Flows in Southern Oceanus Procellarum [#1357] We use Clementine multispectral data to identify flow units across southern Oceanus Procellarum based on variations in composition and maturity. We also estimate mare depth across the region based on compositional analysis of impact crater ejecta.

Antonenko I. Analysis of Clementine F eO Maps, for the Identification of Cryptomare Deposits [#2016] Clementine FeO data was compared to Clementine UVVIS spectra in the Schickard cryptomare area. The data sets yield comparable results, proving that FeO values can be useful in identifying basalt-excavating craters. Future work should incorporate both data sets.

Giguere T. A. Hawke B. R. Smith G. A. Taylor G. J. Blewett D. T. Lucey P. G. Spudis P. D. Mafic Anomalies in the Lunar Highlands [#1760] This work investigates cryptomaria in the highlands and globally to determine the compositions of buried and surface units in and around each cryptomare and to investigate the formation processes. We perform a global examination of cryptomaria.

Gaddis L. R. Tyburczy J. A. Hawke B. R. Mafic Characteristics of Lunar Pyroclastic Deposits [#1700] The Clementine UVVIS data are used to characterize the mafic compositions of 54 lunar pyroclastic deposits.

Williams D. A. Fagents S. A. Greeley R. A Reassessment of the Emplacement and Erosional Potential of Turbulent, Low-Viscosity Lavas on the Moon [#1102] We have used numerical computer modeling to reevaluate the role of thermal erosion by lunar lavas as a mechanism for the formation of the sinuous rilles. We consider the role of turbulent flow from low viscosity lavas, and the potential effect of lava superheating.

Bondarenko N. V. Shkuratov Yu. G. Helmet Formation on the Moon: Characterization with Clementine Multispectral Data [#1146] Some small bright areas within Helmet Formation being apparently immature demonstrate extremely red spectral continuum. This evidences for excavating/admixture of spectrally unusual material, similar to that of Gruithuisen domes.

Rosiek M. R. Kirk R. Howington-Kraus E. Systematic Elevation Bias in Lunar South Pole Topography Derived from Clementine Imagery [#1868] This report describes a systematic error in the lunar south pole elevation data derived from Clementine Imagery. A proposed least squares approach is explained that will eliminate the bias and help match the Clementine LIDAR topography data.

Cook A. C. Robinson M.S. Watters T. R. Planet-wide Lunar Digital Elevation Model [#1978] A lunar topographic mapping project is under-way to map the Moon's topography at 1 km/pixel. Approximately 700,000 Clementine UVVIS images are being stereo matched. Examples are given of the types of data product generated and morphological structures visible.

Shkuratov Yu. G. Kaydash V. G. Pieters C. Opanasenko N. V. A Comparison ofAbsolute Calibrations ofClementine-UWIS and Earth-based Data for the Moon [#1165] Calibrated Clementine data for lunar areas are shown to be brighter than absolutely calibrated earth-based measurements by a factor of -2.5, likely due to differences in structure and texture for soils measured in the laboratory and seen remotely.

110 31st LPSC Program Bellucci G. Study of Spectral Mixing of Lunar Soils by Means of Imaging Spectroscopy [#1597] Imaging spectroscopy data of the Aristarchus and Copernicus regions on the Moon are presented. The aim of the work it to show the potentiality of this data set to individuate spectral endmembers.

Hiroi T. Pieters C. M. NobleS. K. Improved Scheme of Modified Gaussian Deconvolution for Reflectance Spectra of Lunar Soils [#1548] In our continuing effort for deconvolving reflectance spectra of lunar soils using the modified Gaussian model, a new scheme has been developed, including a new form of continuum. All the parameters are optimized with certain constraints.

NobleS. K. Pieters C. M. Hirai T. Taylor L. A Morris R. V. Keller L. P. McKay D. S. Wentworth S. Initial Results of MGM Analysis on Apollo 17 Soil Suite [#1880] Using MGM spectral deconvolution it is possible to distinguish pyroxene abundance and composition as well as other petrographic features in the 20-45 micron size fraction of lunar soil.

Tompkins S. Margot J. L. Pieters C. M. Effects of Topography on Interpreting the Composition of Materials Within the Crater Tycho [#1401] As part of a detailed study of Tycho Crater, multispectral imagery and digital elevation data are combined to assess the effects of topographic relief on composition interpreted from reflectance data.

Hirata N. Otake H. Ohtake M. Haruyama J. Analysis of Ejecta ofTycho Using High-Resolution Photographs and Multi-Spectral Images [#1615] Distribution and lithology ofTycho ejecta are analyzed using remote sensing data. We have reorganized Tycho ejecta to three categories: glassy ejecta, non-glassy ejecta and massive melt deposits.

Morris A R. Head J. W. III Margot J. Campbell D. B. Impact Melt Distribution and Emplacement on Tycho: A New Look at an Old Question [#1828] Using a new digital elevation model of the lunar crater Tycho, we have determined that along with oblique impact and wall slumping, pre-existing topography exerts a strong control on the distribution and emplacement of impact melt.

Le Mouelic S. Langevin Y. Erard S. Integration of Clementine UWIS and NIR Data on Copernicus Crater [#1217] Copernicus crater represents a good test area for the detection of olivine with integrated Clementine UVVIS/NIR data. We present band ratios and 9-channels spectra extracted from the crater area to investigate mineralogical heterogeneities.

Cohen J. L. Pieters C. M. Compositional Complexities Observed for the Crater Langrenus [#1784] The crater Langrenus is being examined in order to identify and understand the presence of olivine-rich material within the central peaks, as compared to other mafic-bearing assemblages and anorthositic material of the surrounding areas.

Li L. Mustard J. F. The Compositional Gradients and Lateral Transport by Dark-Halo and Dark-Ray Craters [#2007] Nonlinear spectral mixture analysis indicates that large scale compositional scale gradient do exist on the lunar surface. Primary ejecta accounts on at least 6% composition in a pixel beyond 10 crater radii.

Dunham D. W. Cudnik B. Palmer D. M. Sada P. V. Melosh J. Beech M. Frankenberger R. Pellerin L. Venable R. Asher D. Sterner R. Gotwols B. Wun B. Stockbauer D. The First Confirmed Videorecordings of Lunar Meteor Impacts [#1547] North American observers recorded at least six meteors striking the Moon's surface during the Leonid meteor shower on 1999 Nov. 18. Each meteor produced a flash that was recorded from at least two separate locations, marking the first confirmed lunar meteor impacts.

31st LPSC Program 111 Peterson C. A. Hawke B. R. Lucey P. G. Taylor G. J. Blewett D. T. Spudis P. D. Anorthosite on the Lunar Farside and Its Relationship to South Pole-Aitken Basin [#1680] Anorthosite is exposed at the surface on the far northern lunar farside and in the interiors of impact basins closer to the rim of South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin. Much of the original plagioclase flotation crust may remain beneath SPA ejecta.

Heather D. J. Dunkin S. K. Stratigraphy of the Lunar Crust Around the Farside Craters King and Tsiolkovsky [#1366] The King and Tsiolkovsky region of the lunar farside is studied using Clementine multispectral data. The crust is found to be laterally inhomogeneous on a local scale, although variations probably result of stalled intrusions in the ancient crust.

Venus Geology and Geophysics

Barnett D. N. McKenzie D. Flexure ofVenusian Lithosphere Measured from Residual Topography [#1254] The elastic thickness of the lithosphere at various locations on Venus was estimated by modelling flexure in the space domain. Best-fit values were found to be in the approximate range 10-40 km, with most between 10 and 20 km.

Vezolainen A. V. Solomatov V. S. Head J. W. Basilevsky A. T. Moresi L.-N. The Timing of Formation of Beta Regia and Its Geodynamical Implications [#1942] The initiation of Beta Regio could date back as old as the first one-third to one-half of the presently observed geological history of Venus. Together with gravity and topography data this constrains the vigor of convection and the depth of the convective layer.

Nunes D. C. Brown C. D. Phillips R. J. Relaxation of Crustal Plateaus on Venus [#2027] Layer over halfspace analytical viscous relaxation model is applied to crustal plateaus. Plateau topography is retained up to 1 Gyr for some selected conditions, but relaxed topography does not present rim structures.

Krassilnikov A. S. Formation of Coronae on Venus. Tectonophysical Modelling Using Self-Deforming Gravity Models [#1336] Coronae formation was modelled in experiments with caoutchouc and dry flour. Pattern of deformation of the overlying material above the relaxing diapir was found to be similar to that obtained in numerical modeling and observed in natural coronae.

JaegerW. L. A New Model for Corona Formation on Venus [#1079] We propose a new model for corona formation on Venus in which a rising mantle diapir penetrates the lower crust and inflates. This model is viable for a thermal diapir with a low degree of partial melt intruding an ultramafic lower crust.

Jaeger W. L. Dohm J. M. Baker V. R. Anderson R. C. Tanaka K. L. Crust/Mantle Interactions on Venus: Morphostratigraphic, Structural and Geophysical Analyses of the Feronia Corona Area [#1993] The preliminary results from our investigation of the Feronia Corona area of Metis Regio shed light on the crust/mantle interactions of Venus over the last 500 million years.

112 31st LPSC Program Ghail R. C. Egan S. S. A Numerical Rift Model of Diana Chasma [#1584] The interpretation that Diana Chasma is a young continental-type rift is tested with a terrestrial numerical rift model, using Magellan altimetry and a range of plausible values for crust and lithosphere thicknesses and properties.

Ivanov M.A. Head J. W. III Basilevsky A. T. Stratigraphy of Small Shields on Venus: Preliminary Results [#1205] Analysis of the distribution of small volcanic shields in 12 different regions shows that most occurrences are stratigraphically below regional plains, forming a widespread unit, and that some occurrences are later but do not form a regional unit.

Kortz B. E. Head J. W. III Comparisons of Shield Plains (Psh) in Atalanta and Lavinia Planitiae, Venus [#1443] Comparisons of shield plains in Atalanta and Lavinia Planitiae reveal a link between extensional tectonics with shield emplacement. This unit is thought to represent a distinct period and volcanic style that has changed over Venus' history.

Guest J. E. Stofan E. R. Morphology of Large Volcano Building Flows on Venus: Examples from Sif, Gula and Kunapipi Montes [#1346] Large volcanoes on Venus are built of lava flow fields of a variety of forms and textures. We have divided flow fields at Sif, Gula and Kunapipi Montes into three general types based primarily on planform: digitate, fan and sheet flow fields.

Brian A. W. Guest J. E. Stofan E. R. The Characteristics of Flank Eruptive Sites on Large Venusian Volcanoes [#1653] We have found sources of significant lava flows on the flanks of many large venusian volcanoes. They imply the presence of subsurface dykes and are considered to be an important part in the construction of the main edifice.

Stofan E. R. Guest J. E. Brian A. W. Geology of the V28 Quadrangle: Hecate Chasma, Venus [#1019] The Hecate Chasma Quadrangle (V28), mapped at 1:5,000,000 scale, extends from 0°-25°N and 240°-270°. The quadrangle has thirteen impact craters, several large volcanoes, many coronae, three chasmata, and northern Hinemoa Planitia.

Stofan E. R. Smrekar S. E. Martin P. Coronae of Parga Chasma, Venus: Implications for Chasma and Corona Evolution [#1578] Parga Chasma is a 10,000 km long fracture and trough system in the southern hemisphere of Venus. We analyze 128 coronae in the Parga region, including coronae along the chasma and those up to 900 km from the rifts.

Russell P. S. Head J. W. III Relative Timing of Geologic Units and Annulus Formation at Heng-o Corona, Venus [#1835] Stratigraphic relationships of units and structures at Heng-o Corona constrain relative ages of corona-related activity, both in the interior and annulus.

Aittola M. E. Kostama V.-P. Comparison of Venusian Novae and Arachnoids [#1093] The global populations of Venusian Novae and Arachnoids were compared using their distribution, geological environments and other characteristics, such as morphology, volcanism and topography.

31st LPSC Program 113 Kostama V.-P. Aittola M. E. The Effect of Geological Environment to the Formation of Venusian Novae and Arachnoids in the Area South of Atla Regia [#1094] It would seem that the geological environment is the most important factor in the formation of Novae and Arachnoids in this area where they are closely spaced.

Lopez I. Study of Multiple Coronae in the Helen Planitia Quadrangle (V52), Venus: Structural Mapping and Evolution [#1384] The structural study of two multiple coronae in the Helen Planitia Quadrangle reveals a complex history, which resulted in structures that show overlapping and age progression during their developement, and the formation of local stress fields.

Koronovsky N. N. Multistage Fonnation ofThetis Tessera Terrain on Venus [#1335] Multystage formation (7 stages) of Thetis tessera terrain with different axes of extension and different conditions of structures formation.

Ernst R. E. Grosfils E. B. Desnoyers D. Head J. W. Detailed Mapping of Fracture/Graben Systems in Northern Guinevere Planitia, Venus: Radiating Dyke Swarm Identification and Utility for Stratigraphic Interpretation [#1534] In order to test the use of dyke swarms as efficient stratigraphic markers on Venus, we have mapped in detail an area in the northern Guinevere Planitia Region about 4000 x 1500 km in size.

Jager K. M. Grosfils E. B. Emplacement of Long Lava Flows Within a Graben Network in the Carson Quadrangle, Venus [#1766] We map part of the ·aben network in the Carson Quadrangle and use a convective cooling model to assess whether atypicalla' .1 properties are required to facilitate the observed "wicking" behavior of the lava that flowed through the confining graben.

Young D. A. Hansen V. L. Initial Mapping of the Rusalka Planitia Quadrangle (V25), Venus [#1622] Rusalka Planitia, a typical plains region on Venus is dominated by corona derived flow units and complex shield fields, upon which wrinkle ridges are superimposed. Subtle radiating lineaments precede the major flows. A draft of V25 will be presented.

Bleamaster L. F. III Hansen V. L. Geologic Mapping of the Ovda Regia Quadrangle (V35), Venus: Preliminary Results [#1788] Preliminary mapping of the V35 quadrangle provides the basis to propose an inagural geologic history for the region.

Brakemidge G. R. Anderson E. K. Finnegan D. C. Geological Mapping ofV26 Atla Regia Quadrangle, Venus: Evidence for an Extinct Plate Boundary? [#1914] We are using USGS-provided Magellan FMAP digital data mosaics toprepare a 1:5,000,000 geological map of the V26 Atla Regio Quadrangle. Here we wish to also describe some suggestive evidence for an early period of plate mobility in this quadrangle

Howington-Kraus E. Kirk R. Galuszka D. Redding B. A Rigorous Sensor Model for Topographic Mapping of Venus Using Magellan Radar Stereoimagery [#2061] We have implemented a rigorous sensor model on LH Systems digital photogrammetric workstation for topographic mapping using Magellan radar stereoimagery. Examples and accuracy analyses will be presented.

114 31st LPSC Program Davis A. M. Ghail R. C. Digital Elevation Model Generation Using Magellan Stereo Data [#1897] Stereo viewing of Venus SAR imagery is an established technique. Using photogrammetric principles it is possible to generate digital elevation models (DEM) using the conjugate relationships of the two stereo radar images.

Johnson N. M. Fegley B. Jr. Tremolite Decomposition and Water on Venus [#1083] We present experimental data showing that the decomposition rate of tremolite, a hydrous mineral, is sufficiently slow that it can survive thermal decomposition on Venus over geologic timescales at current and higher surface temperatures.

Kreslavsky M.A. Vdovichenko R. V. Raitala J. Shkuratov Yu. G. Dielectric Permittivity ofTessera Surface Material on Venus [#1143] Analysis of radiometric Magellan measurements including V -polarized data showed that surface dielectric permittivity of Shimti tessera is 20-40% lower than that of adjacent plains. This can be due to difference in composition or weathering degree.

Keating C. F. An Examination of the Chemical Potential of the Atmosphere of Venus [#1461] When two systems have different chemical potentials, particles will diffuse from the system with the higher potential to the one with the lower. Calculations for the atmosphere of Venus are presented.

Formation of the Solar System

Scott E. R. D. Taylor G. J. Composition and Accretion of the Terrestrial Planets [#1546] If Mercury and Mars accreted from narrow nebular zones, correlations among mantle FeO, uncompressed density, and semi-major axis of the terrestrial planets may reflect compositional trends in chondrites, rather than the effects of giant impacts.

Inaba S. Wetherill G. W. Tanaka H. Nakazawa K. A New Statistical Simulation of Planetary Accretion [#1048] We improved the statistical method for growth of -2000km planetary bodies, using the latest theoretical techniques. In a general way, our results are similar to those found earlier, but also exhibit differences that may prove significant.

Vasut J. A. Hyde T. W. Plasma Condensation and the One Component Plasma Model [#1098] A Barnes-Hut tree code known as "box_tree" developed by Derek Richardson and subsequently modified to include electrostatic forces by Lorin Matthews is employed to study colloidal plasma formation.

Swint G. S. Hyde T. W. Simulation ofChondrule Formation Using a Resizing Box-Tree Code [#1095] This article presents a scheme whereby a box_tree model can significantly enlarge its simulation parameters allowing for more realistic modeling of protoplanetary development.

Lindsay B. D. Hyde T. W. The Effects of Chaos on Planetesimal Interactions Within Protoplanetal)' Disks [#1096] The computer model discussed in this work examines the motion and conglomeration of five hundred planetesimals as they orbit either a single central protostar or one with a binary companion.

31st LPSC Program 115 KenKnight C. E. Fractionation and Transport in the Solar Nebula [#1701] Chondrules and CAis cannot be random samplings of dust grains. Volatilization, melting, and aerodynamic sorting produce the variations in composition by a poorly understood process. The key ingredients will be outlined.

Stardust: Collected, Remote, and Captured

Raynal P. I. Quirico E. Borg J. d'Hendecourt L. Micro-Raman Study of the Carbon Phase in 6 IDPs [#1318] Comparison of micro-Raman spectra from 6 IDPs (L2021Gl5, -D7, -C8, -Cl8, -B4 and L2036A4) and graphite, terrestrial kerogens and Orgueil carbonaceous chondrite reveals significant differences in their respective carbon structures.

Flynn G. J. SuttonS. R. Horz F. Synchrotron X-Ray Microprobe In-Situ Analysis of Extraterrestrial Particles Collected in Aerogel on the MIR Space Station [#1457] Using in-situ X-ray fluorescence, we determined the Cr/Fe, Mn/Fe and Ni!Fe of a particle captured in aerogel on MIR are approximately chondritic, indicating an extraterrestrial origin. Impurity of the aerogel precluded determining the Cu and Zn.

Raynal P. I. Westphal A J. Borg J. Quirico E. Preliminary Results on Procedures for Extraction of Micro-Grains from Aerogel [#1319] Preliminary tests demonstrate the feasibility of the extraction of hypervelocity particles from aerogel collectors, using a micromanipulator and microtweezers. This will soon applied to space-exposed samples from the PIE and COMET -99 experiments.

Genge M. J. Grady M. M. The Thermal Evolution of Micrometeoroids During Atmospheric Entry [#1361] We present finite element heat transfer simulations to show micro meteoroids can develop large thermal gradients under non-steady state heating.

Graham G. A. Kearsley AT. Drolshagen G. Yano H. Wright I. P. Burchell M. J. Grady M. M. Silicate Mineral Remnants Captured on Spacecraft Surfaces: What's Going On? [#1365] The detailed chemical interpretations of micro meteoroid residues preserved on spacecraft surfaces as a result of hypervelocity collision are inherently difficult, herein we discuss the problems with particular focus on silicate mineralogy.

Europa

Thomas C. Wilson L. Photoclinometric Analysis of Resurfaced Regions on Europa [#1328] Photoclinometry is used to determine the maximum height of ridges submerged beneath a smooth "pond-like" resurfaced region on Europa in order to estimate a lower bound for that feature's depth and volume.

Kortz B. E. Head J. W. III Pappalardo R. T. Thrace Macula, Europa: Characteristics of the Southern Margin and Relations to Background Plains and Libya Linea [#2052] High-resolution Galileo data provides evidence that Thrace Macula, Europa, is a chaos region possibly produced by brine mobilization. Geologic sketch maps of the region reveal margins and features characteristic of other chaos regions on Europa.

116 31st LPSC Program Kadel S.D. Greeley R. Galileo SSI Team Order from Chaos: Determining Regional Ice Lithosphere Thickness Variations on Europa Using Isostatic Modeling of Chaos Regions [#2091] Using a simple isostatic model, we have investigated ice lithospheric thickness variations on Europa with latitude. Isostatic calculations suggest the minimum brittle ice lithospheric thickness increases by about a factor of 3 from 20° S to 50° N.

Spaun N. A. Head J. W. III Pappalardo R. T. Galileo SSI Team Analysis of Chaos and Lenticulae on the Leading Quadrant of Europa [#1044] We performed a detailed analysis of the chaos and lenticulae features in the leading quadrant of Europa. Features have a preferred size, are stratigraphically young, and have a regular spacing, all consistent with a diapiric origin.

Figueredo P. H. Chuang F. C. Kirk R. L. Greeley R. Evidencefora Cryovolcanic Origin of Europa's 'Mitten' Feature [#1026] We used photoclinometry to produce aDEM and perspective views of this unique Europan feature. Spatial relationships and elevation profiles suggest cryovolcanic emplacement and spreading of the mitten's material on the surface, followed by crustal subsidence and failure.

Wang H. Stevenson D. J. Convection and Internal Melting of Europa's Ice Shell [#1293] Using a 2D numerical model with highly temperature dependent viscosity and internal heating, we find that convection and melting can occur in Europa's ice shell. The pattern of convection is different from the conventional convection, and melting can occur within the ice.

Zolotov M. Yu. Shock E. L. Mass Balance Constraints on the Elemental Composition of the Ocean on Europa [#1580] Geochemical mass balance calculations, charge balance constraints, and Europa's atmospheric data are used to constrain limits for abundances of several elements in the ocean on Europa and to get a working model for oceanic aqueous chemistry.

Zolotov M. Yu. Shock E. L. Thermodynamic Stability of Hydrated Salts on the Suiface of Europa [#1843] We apply thermodynamic calculations to estimate the stability and relative abundance of hydrated salts in ice-bearing materials and ice-free salty lag deposits on Europa.

McCord T. B. Hansen G. B. Orlando T. M. Sieger M. T. Teeter G. Petrik N. G. VanKeulen L. Crowley J. K. Behavior of Hydrated Sulfates and Carbonates Under Europa Suiface Conditions [#1541] We have performed experiments on the behavior of hydrated salts under low temperature and high vacuum conditions analogous to Europa and find a wide range of resistance to thermal dehydration.

Van Keulen L. M. McCord T. B. Hansen G. B. Hibbitts C. A. Crowley J. K. The Effect of Grain Size on the Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectra of Some Hydrated Salt Minerals [#1539] Reflectance spectra of epsomite, mirabilite and natron were obtained for seven size fractions. Sample handling is a challenge. Absorptions become stronger with increasing grain size. Optical constants are being derived and will be used for radiative transfer modeling.

Grasset O. Sotin C. Mousis O. Mevel L.

High Pressure Experiments in the System MgSOrH20: Implications for Europa [#1386] Because hydrated salts have been detected on Europa, we have set up a high pressure-low temperature apparatus for studying the phase diagram of the system MgS04-H20. Preliminary results will be presented. Implications for Europa will be discussed.

31st LPSC Program 117 Small Body Melange

Hapke B. How to Turn OC's into S's: Space Weathering in the Asteroid Belt [#1087] The same space weathering process, solar wind sputter-deposition, that darkens and reddens lunar soil also operates on asteroid regoliths and can cause the spectra of powdered ordinary chondrites to closely resemble S asteroids.

WithersP. Angle of Repose-limited Shapes ofAsteroids [#1270] An asteroidal shape that is everywhere at the angle of repose is as far removed from a sphere as a strengthless "rubble pile" asteroid can possibly be. Irregular and ellipsoidal shapes are examined in the search for such a shape.

Rubincam D. P. Bottke W. F. The YORP Effect and the Spin of Small Asteroids [#1399] The YORP effect is the spinning up or down small bodies via the absorption of sunlight and its reemission as infrared radiation. YORP may be competitive with collisions and tidal encounters for changing the rotation states of kilometer-sized and smaller asteroids.

Kelley M.S. Granahan J. C. Abell P. A. Gaffey M. J. Prudente A. Reanalysis of the Galileo SSIINIMS-derived Spectra of Asteroid 951 Gaspra [#1769] A comprehensive reanalysis of the spectra derived by combining spatial and spectral data from the Galileo SSI and NIMS instruments in order to verify and refine the compositional interpretation of asteroid 951 Gaspra.

Hendrix A. R. Vilas F. Festou M. C. Vesta as Seen by IUE and HST: Correlations in UV Brightness with Topography and Composition [#2031] A reanalysis of IUE spectra of Vesta indicates longitudinal variations in a UV absorption feature that may be related to compositional and/or topographic variations, as revealed by recent HST maps.

StookeP. J. Stratigraphy of Phobos [#1132] MGS-MOC images ofPhobos show discrete smooth patches superimposed on Stickney ejecta east of the crater. They are interpreted as ejecta of post-Stickney craters preferentially deposited on rotational leading (east-facing) slopes. Similar features are predicted for Eros.

Rivkin A. S. Brown R. H. Trilling D. E. Bell J. F. III Plassmann J. H. Infrared Spectrophotometry of Phobos and Deimos [#1488] We have obtained images of both Phobos and Deimos at 10 wavelengths from 1.65-3.5 micrometers. We place constraints on the depth of a 3-micrometer feature on Phobos, and infer Phobos' low density is likely due to macroporosity.

HahnJ. M. The Outer Edge of the Kuiper Belt [#1797] It is argued herein that the Kuiper Belt beyond 50 AU may be a dynamically cold disk composed of objects having very low eccentricities and inclinations.

118 31st LPSC Program Surface Processes

Bulmer M. H. Peitersen M. N. Barnouin-Jha O. S. Johnston A. K. Bourke M. Topographic Data for Debris Flows -Implications for Planetary Modeling Studies [#1820] We have obtained topographic profiles over a debris flow in Virginia and used an empirical model to constrain the flow behavior during emplacement, providing a method to interpret possible debris flow emplacement on Mars.

Byrnes J. M. Crown D. A. Ramsey M. S. Thermal Remote Sensing Characteristics of Basaltic Lava Flow Suiface Units: Implications for Flow Field Evolution [#1867] Analysis of thermal-IR remote sensing data and observations made in the field are used to incorporate additional parameters related to emplacement and cooling into previously developed lava flow surface unit classification methodology.

NormanL. M. Use of Fractal Geometry for the Study of Lava Flows [#1338] I have reviewed the use of fractal geometry to study emplacement conditions of lava flows. Some conclusions are presented on problems associated with using fractals for such an investigation as well as ideas for future work.

Kadel S.D. Greeley R. The ASU Global Lava Tube Database: A New and Expanding Resource [#2103] The ASU Global Lava Tube Database is a digital database and hard-copy collection including data sheets, maps, photographs and other documentation of lava tubes from 34 countries on 6 continents.

Harris A. J. L. RowlandS. K. FLOWGOB: A Terrestrial Lava Flow Simulation Program with Planetary Potential? [#1986] We present a model to describe the down flow thermal and rheological evolution of channel- or levee-contained lava. This can be applied to planetary cases, allowing constraint of flow effusion rates, velocities, rheological and thermal parameters.

WichmanR. W. Volcanically Modified Impact Craters (Part 1): What Should We Expect on Earth? [#1926] Several factors affect the likelihood of crater-magma interactions on Earth. Variations in magma and crustal properties are important, but sedimentation may play a larger role. As craters fill, modification is less likely.

Preisinger A. Aslanian S. Brandstatter F. Grass F. Geomagnetic Polarity Reversals from Chron 29R to Chron 27N in Marine Sediments near Bjala, Bulgaria [#1985] The process of a geomagnetic polarity reversal is about 10000 years. The limestone bed at the reversals shows a minimum of CaC03 and a maximum of magnetic susceptibility. In the ferrimagnetic phases we found also Ni-rich magnesioferrite spinels.

Bridges N. T. Greeley R. Kuzmin R. O. Laity J. E. Comparison of Terrestrial Aeolian Rock Textures to Those at the Mars Pathfinder Landing Site [#2066] Aeolian-produced rock textures found in the Mojave are compared to analogous features at the Pathfinder landing site.

Lane M. D. Draper D. S. Xirouchakis D. Thermal Emission Spectroscopy of Synthetic Coesite and Stishovite [#1159] Thermal emission spectra of the high-pressure silica polymorphs coesite and stishovite will aid in interpreting satellite-collected midinfrared spectra.

31st LPSC Program 119 Basiuk V. A. Sainz-Rojas J. Navarro-Gonzalez R. Prebiotic Peptide Synthesis Under Mild Conditions on the Terrestrial Planets [#1018] Catalytic activity of three forms of alumina (acidic, basic and neutral) has been tested in the reaction of intermolecular condensation of L-alanine, within the temperature interval of 55°-120°C.

Domingue D. L. Cheng A. F. Radiative Transfer Models of Light Scattering from Particulate Surfaces [#1261] Accurate numerical solutions of the radiative transfer equation are compared with Hapke's analytic approximation. The new solutions are calculated efficiently and accurately, and compared to Hapke model solutions to determine the errors inherent in the Hapke approximation.

120 31st LPSC Program Friday, March 17, 2000 PRESOLAR GRAINS 8:30 a.m. Room A

Chairs: D. D. Clayton U.Ott

Besmehn A.* Hoppe P. Strebel R. Ott U. Search for Extinct Aluminum-26 and Titanium-44 in Diamonds from the Allende and Murchison Meteorites [#1544] Inferred upper limits on the 26 AlP7 Al and 44Ti/48Ti ratios in meteoritic diamonds are clearly lower than those of presolar supernova grains. There is thus no evindence for a supernova origin of a large fraction of meteoritic diamonds.

Koscheev A. P. * Gromov M.D. Herrmann S. Ott U. Trapping and Isotope Fractionation of Noble Gases in Synthetic Analog of Presolar Diamond Grains [#1551] The bimodal release upon heating of noble gases introduced into UDD nanodiamonds by ion implantation is similar to the release from presolar diamonds. This argues for introduction by ion implantation into the latter of both the P3 and HL components.

Verchovsky A. B. * Wright I. P. Fillinger C. T. The Thermal Release Pattern of Implanted Species from Presolar Diamonds: Experimental and Theoretical Results [#1804] In the present study we developed theoretical model for thermal release of implanted species from presolar diamonds.

Clayton D. D. * Meyer B. S. The L.-S. Radioactive Chemical Kinetics of Large Supernova Dust [#1032] We question why presolar supernova grains are so large? Our kinetic theory of supernova condensation points to five controls for large size: population control, cooling rates, admixed seed grains, catalysis, and entropic arrow.

Meyer B.S. * Clayton D. D. The L.-S. Molybdenum Isotopes from a Neutron Burst [#1458] Presolar SiC-X grains show excesses in 95Mo and 97Mo. Such isotopic patterns are not characteristic of either the r- or s-processes. We show how 95Mo and 97Mo excesses arise in neutron bursts that may occur in exploding massive stars.

Yin Q. Z. * Yamashita K. Jacobsen S. B. Mo and Zr Isotopic Signatures in the "Haystack": Evidence for Presolar Silicates of Supernova Origin? [#1920] We found that the matrix of carbonaceous chondrites contain supernova r-process Mo and Zr isotopic signatures. The patterns are similar to that of CAls and X-grain SiC, but complementary to s-process patterns in mainstream SiC grains of AGB stars.

Pellin M. J. Davis A.M. * Calaway W. F. Lewis R. S. Clayton R.N. AmariS. Zr and Mo Isotopic Constraints on the Origins of Unusual Types of Presolar SiC Grains [#1934] Zr and Mo isotopic compositions of 3 Type B and a unique presolar SiC grains are inconsistent with proposed stellar origins of these kinds of grains. A Type Z grain has a Mo isotopic composition consistent with its proposed origin.

31st LPSC Program 121 Pellin M. J. * Calaway W. F. Davis A. M. Lewis R. S. Amari S. Clayton R.N. Toward Complete Isotopic Analysis of Individual Presolar Silicon Carbide Grains: C, N, Si, Sr, Zr, Mo, and Ba in Single Grains ofType X [#1917] The isotopic compositions of Sr, Ba, Zr and Mo in single presolar SiC grains from supernovae are different from those expected from either of the dominant heavy element neutron capture nucleosynthesis mechanisms, the s-process and the r-process.

Amari S. Nittler L. R. Zinner E. * Lewis R. S. Presolar SiC ofType A+B: Grains of an Enigmatic Origin [#1421] N, Al, and Si isotopic ratios differ between presolar SiC grains of type A e2C/13C < 3.5) and type B (3.5 < 12C/13 C < 10). J and CH stars are promising sources but the lack of astronomical data and theoretical models limit the identification of these sources.

AmariS.* Nittler L. R. Zinner E. Gallina R. Lugaro M. Lewis R. S. Presolar SiC of Type Y: Origin from Low-Metallicity Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars [#1415] Carbon and Si isotopic ratios of SiC grains of type Y point to an origin in AGE stars of lower-than-solar metallicity. Comparison with model calculations indicate that stars with metallicity Z = 0.01 and 3-5 solar masses best account for the experimental data.

Bernatowicz T. * Swan P. MessengerS. Walker R. AmariS. Comparative Morphology of Pristine and Chemical-Dissolution Presolar SiC from Murchison [#1238] We have isolated presolar SiC from the Murchison (CM) meteorite using a gentle, non-destructive procedure that preserves the surface characteristics of the grains.

Ott U. * Merchel S. Noble Gases and the Not So Unusual Size of Presolar SiC in Murchison [#1356] Ne-E(H)/Xe-S in a chemically minimally processed Murchison sample is lower than in previous analyses of extensively processed samples, but similar to values for other me!c:orites. This argues for a similar grain size distribution for presolar SiC.

Russ G. R. * Meshik A. P. Hohenberg C. M. Abundances of Presolar Grains in Renazzo and Axtell: Implications for the Thermal Histories [#1467] Abundances of presolar diamond, SiC, and graphite were determined for Renazzo (CR2) and Axtell (CV3). These abundances and noble gases in diamonds were used to constrain thermal histories of the meteorites and nebular histories of the precurso

122 31st LPSC Program Friday, March 17, 2000 MARS SURFACE: REMOTE SENSING 8:30a.m. Room B

Chairs: M. E. Minitti V. E. Hamilton

Hamilton V. E.* Wyatt M. B. McSween H. Y. Jr. Christensen P.R. Analysis of Martian Volcanic Surface Materials Using MGS TES Data: I. Modeling Rock and Mineral Chemistries [#1899] We use 32 volcanic rocks to determine the accuracy of linear deconvolution in modeling modal mineralogies, mineral-, and bulk chemistries of mafic to silicic lithologies for application to classification of Martian mineralogies derived from TES data.

Wyatt M. B.* Hamilton V. E. McSween H. Y. Jr. Christensen P.R. Analysis of Martian Volcanic Surface Materials Using MGS TES Data: II. Classification Methods and Application to TES Data [#1959] Volcanic classification schemes were developed using thermal infrared spectra, deconvolved bulk mineralogies, and derived bulk chemistries of terrestrial volcanic rocks, allowing for accurate classification of TES measured Martian surface compositions.

Simpson R. A. * Tyler G. L. Radio Echoes from the Surface of Mars at Extremely Oblique Angles [#1456] Transient surface echoes are seen in radio occultation data at incidence angles >89°. Surfaces must be both smooth and unobstructed. In one case we find a ridge blocking echoes, first on the MGS side then on the Earth side.

Erard S. * Lellouch E. Encrenaz Th. Morris P. de Graauw T. BurgdorfM. Composition of Martian Surface Materials and Dust from ISO Observations [#1325] The reports presents spectral observations of Mars in the 2.3-45 Jlm range. Evidence for basaltic composition of dark areas are found. Carbonates minerals are tentatively detected in the airborne dust.

Roush T. L. * Hogan R. C. Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer Observations of Phobos [#1598] Previous spectra lead to disparate conclusions about Phobos' composition: primitive (likeD- and T-asteroids) and processed materials (like lunar soils). Thermal-IR spectra ofPhobos obtained byTES are consistent with materials like lunar soils.

Morris R. V. * GraffT. Lane M.D. Golden D. C. Schwandt C. S. Shelfer T. D. Ming D. W. Mertzman S. A. Bell J. F. III Crisp J. Christensen P.R. Acid Sulfate Alteration Products of a Tholeiitic Basalt: Implications for Interpretation of Martian Thermal Emission Spectra [#2014] Acid sulfate alteration products of a tholeiitic basalt have implications for interpretation of martian thermal emission spectra.

Minitti M. E. * Rutherford M. J. Mustard J. F. The Effects of Oxidation on Spectra of SNC-like Basalts: Applications to Mars Remote Sensing [#1282] We have crystallized a SNC basalt composition at various temperatures and have obtained spectra of pristine and oxidized samples in order to investigate the effect of oxidation on basaltic spectra and the effect of glass on spectral properties.

31st LPSC Program 123 Moroz L. V. * Pieters C. M. Basilevsky A. T. Hiroi T. Yakovlev O. I. Fisenko A V. Semjonova L. F. Zinovieva N. G. Semenova A S. Barsukova L. D. Roshchina I. A Galuzinskaya A Kh. Stroganov I. A Reflectance Spectroscopy of Martian Impact Glass Simulants [#1532] Basilevsky et al. simulated impact glass formation due to impacts into Mars' regolith. The glasses were produced from the Martian bright soil simulant JSC Mars-1 by quick melting using several methods. Here we discuss the reflectance spectra of these glasses.

Cloutis E. A. * Bell J. F. III Spectral Reflectance Properties of Low-Abundance Minerals in a Neutral Matrix: Implications for Remote Sensing of Mars [#1112] Low abundances of minerals (<-10%) intimately mixed with a spectrally bright or strongly scattering material can display narrower absorption bands than the pure phase. This has implications for the detection of minor mineral components on Mars.

Catling D.* Moore J. Iron Oxide Deposition from Aqueous Solution and Iron Fonnations on Mars [#1517] Iron formations are ancient, laminated chemical sediments containing at least 15 wt% Fe. We discuss possible mechanisms for their formation in aqueous environments on early Mars. Such iron oxide deposits may be detectable today.

McLennan S. M. * Silica Mobility During Surficial Processes on Mars [#1460] Chemical data from Mars indicate that substantial amounts of Mg and Fe are sequestered in non-silicate minerals. Likely mineral reactions that liberate Fe and Mg also produce Si02 suggesting that sedimentary silica may be present on Mars.

Moersch J. E. * Farmer J. HookS. J. Detectability of Martian Evaporites- Terrestrial Analog Studies with MASTER Data [#2054] No evaporite mineral deposits have yet been identified on Mars. We present initial results of a terrestrial analog study in Death Valley using airborne hyperspectral data to determine thresholds of detectability for evaporites in current and upcoming Mars datasets.

Zent A. P. * Howard J. Quinn R. C. H20 Adsorption Kinetics on Smectites [#18821 The adsorptive equilibration of H20 with montomorillonite has been measured. At low temperatures and pressures equilibration can require many hours, effectively preventing smectites at the martian surface from responding to diurnal pressure and temperature variations.

124 31st LPSC Program Friday, March 17, 2000 ASTROBIOLOGY: METEORITES 8:30 a.m. Room C

Chairs: B. P. Weiss A. H. Treiman

Golden D. C. Ming D. W. * Schwandt C. S. Lauer H. V. Jr. Socki R. A. Morris R. V. Lofgren G. E. McKay G. A. Inorganic Formation of Zoned Mg-Fe-Ca Carbonate Globules with Magnetite and Sulfide Rims Similar to Those in Martian Meteorite ALH84001 [#1799] We show here experimental evidence that the carbonate-sulfide-magnetite assemblage in Martian meteorite ALH84001 may result from simple inorganic processes.

Thomas-Keprta K. L. Clemett S. J. * Bazylinski D. A. Kirschvink J. L. McKay D. S. Wentworth S. J. V ali H. Gibson E. K. Statistical Analyses Comparing Prismatic Magnetite Crystals in ALH84001 Carbonate Globules with Those from the Terrestrial Magnetotactic Bacteria Strain MV-1 [#1683] Here we use rigorous mathematical modeling to compare ALH84001 prismatic magnetites with those produced by terrestrial magnetotactic bacteria, MV-1. We find that this subset of the Martian magnetites appears to be statistically indistinguishable from those of MV -1.

Koziol A. M. * Carbonate and Magnetite Parageneses as Monitors of Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen Fugacity [#1424] The stable coexistence of siderite with other key minerals, such as graphite or magnetite, is only possible under certain restrictive conditions of C02 and 0 2 fugacity. Carbonate parageneses in Mars meteorite ALH 84001 are analyzed.

BellM. S. * McHone J. F. Kudryavtsev A. McKay D. S. Raman Mapping of Carbonates in ALH84001 Martian Meteorite [#1909] Raman mapping is utilized to constrain the spatial distribution of fine scale shock effects previously reported from TEM studies. These effects include residual oxides from the formation of magnetite in carbonate and incipient amorphous silica and orthopyroxene.

Weiss B. P. * Kirschvink J. L. Baudenbacher F. J. Vali H. Macdonald F. A. Wikswo J.P. Reconciliation ofMagnetic and Petrographic Constraints on ALH84001? Panspermia Lives On! [#2078] New results from scanning SQUID magnetic microscopy place a strict constraint on the maximum temperature (< 40 C) ALH8400 1 experienced since before formation of the carbonate blebs.

Treiman A. H. * Heterogeneity of Remnant Magnetism in ALH84001: Petrologic Constraints [#1225] Pyrrhotite in ALH84001 trapped a natural remnant magnetism, in random orientations, that has never seen T > 40°C. The NRM was trapped late in the meteorite's history, after its major brecciation, and probably after deposition of the carbonate globules.

Thomas-Keprta K. L. * Wentworth S. J. McKay D. S. Gibson E. K. Field Emission Gun Scanning Electron (FEGSEM) and Transmission Electron (TEM) Microscopy of Phyllosilicates in Martian Meteorites ALH84001, Nakhla, and Shergotty [#1690] Here we document the occurrence of phyllosilicates and alteration phases in three martian meteorites, suggest formation conditions required for phyllosilicate formation and speculate on the extent of fluid:rock interactions during the past history of Mars.

31st LPSC Program 125 Brearley A. J. * Hydrous Phases in ALH84001: Further Evidence for Preterrestrial Alteration and a Shock-induced Thermal Overprint [#1203] Rare K-bearing phlogopitic micas have been found in veins and pockets in carbonate fragments in ALH8400 1. The micas appear to have formed from preexisting low temperature hydrous alteration products by reaction with the carbonate during shock-induced heating.

Sephton M. A. Gilmour I. * Ever Repeating Circles- The Origin of PAHs in Meteorites [#1703] Molecular level isotopic measurements of aromatic compounds in meteorites indicate that a specific interstellar environment and process may be responsible for the formation of a significant proportion of meteoritic aromatic organic matter.

Stephan T. * Jessberger E. K. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Allan Hills 84001 -Implications from Time-of-Flight Secondary Jon Mass Spectrometry Analyses [#1326] TOF-SIMS investigation of PARs on fracture surfaces of ALH 84001 showed no correlation between P AHs and carbonates. Analysis of terrestrial P AHs with TOF-SIMS offers no way to discern biogenic P AHs from those in carbonaceous meteorites or ALH 84001.

Botta O. * Ehrenfreund P. Glavin D.P. Cooper G. W. Kminek G. Bada J. L. A Cometary Origin of the Amino Acids in the Orgueil Meteorite? [#1398] A reexamination of a piece of the Orgueil meteorite revealed that its amino acid composition is strikingly different to two other carbonaceous chondrites, suggesting different parent bodies. A cometary origin for Orgueil would be one possibility.

Cooper G. Horz F. O'Leary A. * Chang S. Shock Modification of Organic Compounds on Carbonaceous Chondrite Parent Bodies [#1616] Samples of mixed organic compounds, embedded in a matrix of the Murchison meteorite, were subject to a simulated hypervelocity impact. The molecular compositions of products were then analyzed to determine the degree of survival of the original compounds.

Grymes R. Tsairides C. * NAI Education and Public Outreach [#1791] The NAI's Education and Public Outreach Office is committed to building a strong partnership with each member institute to develop a comprehensive interest in educating the public and global community on the activities of the institute and the field of Astrobiology.

126 31st LPSC Program Friday, March 17, 2000 PLANETARY VOLCANISM: FLOWS AND EDIFICES Session dedicated to the memory of Peter Francis 8:30 a.m. Room D

Peter Francis, who shockingly died of a massive heart attack on October 30, 1999, at the age of 54, is best known for his leading and influential role in field and remote sensing studies of terrestrial volcanos. He had traveled the world extensively in pursuit of understanding volcanic eruptions and volcanic edifices. Peter, however, also had many friends and collaborators in the planetary community, of which he was a part. Indeed, his approach to volcanological problems was eclectic. His book The Planets (Pelican Books, 1981) is a brightly written and accurate portrayal of the solar system as it was known two decades ago, equal in stature to his earlier book Volcanoes. Peter spent some years at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in the 1980s, when it was housed in the West Mansion, and contributed greatly to its atmosphere and culture. He contributed independently and collaboratively to our understanding of Mars in particular, through the application of his great knowledge of terrestrial geology to its remotely observed volcanic and geomorphological features. Peter was tremendously friendly, helpful, and tolerant, and dedicated to his science and to education. We will remember him- and miss him- with both respect and affection.

Chairs: J. R. Zimbelman L. Keszthelyi

Zimbelman J. R * Johnston A. K. Emplacement of Long Lava Flows: Detailed Topography of the Carrizozo Basalt Lava Flow, New Mexico [#1237] The Carrizozo flow in south-central New Mexico was examined to obtain detailed topography for a long basaltic lava flow. This information will be helpful in evaluating emplacement models for long lava flows.

Baloga S. M. * Glaze L. S. Pahoehoe Transport as a Correlated Random Walk [#1272] We present a formalism for the transport of pahoehoe lava as a correlated random walk. Correlation produces features (e.g. central channels, lateral embanking margins) that cannot be explained by an uncorrelated random walk.

Keszthelyi L. * McEwen A. S. Identifying Lava Flow Transport Style in Recent High Resolution Images of Io and Mars t#1526] The new images from Io and Mars are providing a fresh look at planetary lava flows. The lava transport systems and the scale of flows on Io are similar to those in Earth's past but Mars includes immense lava flows unlike any on the Earth or Io.

Bulmer M. H.* Gregg T. K. P. Fold Generation on a Silicic Lava Flow- A Planetary Analog [#1469] Surface roughness of lava flows provides information on flow emplacement regime, and lava rheology, factors unknown for most extraterrestrial flows. To better understand rough lava flows, we have examined an andesitic lava flow in southern Peru.

Ciesla F. J. * Keszthelyi L. A Simple Model for Lava Flow Quarrying: Mechanical Erosion of the Substrate [#1647] We investigate the conditions necessary for a lava flow to mechanically erode the surface on which it flows. We present a model and show that the stresses inmparted on the substrate are large enough to fracture rock. We then discuss the implications of our work.

Fagents S. A. * Williams D. A. Greeley R. Thennal Erosion by Laminar Lava Flows: New Inferences [#1038] We have performed computational fluid dynamic modeling of lava flow processes to investigate the plausibility of channel formation by thermal erosion of the substrate. We present comparative results for the Earth, Moon, and Venus.

31st LPSC Program 127 Gregg T. K. P. * Sheridan M. F. Volcanoes as Meteorologists: Using Volcanic Morphology to Constrain Paleoenvironments on Earth and Mars [#1657] · Volcanic morphology- including the spatial distribution of volcanic features- can be used to identify locations of ancient bodies of water and groundwater saturated deposits on Earth. Similar features on Mars could reveal evidence of past environments there.

Peitersen M. N. * Baloga S. B. Glaze L. S. Crisp J. A. The Influence of Degassing on the Emplacement of Lava Flows: Implications for Planetary Modeling Studies [#1063] An original rheologic flow model which allows for volume loss due to degassing is applied to Mauna Loa 1984 and Ascraeus Mons lava flows. Moderate degassing results in thickness and emplacement time increases exceeding an order of magnitude.

Borgia A. * Koenig E. Fink J. H. A Planetary Perspective of Gravitational Spreading from Small Volcanic Cones to Large Crustal Plates [#1896] We identify gravitational spreading as a fundamental process on Earth, Mars and Venus. This framework for the evolution of volcanic constructs extends the concepts of plate tectonics from the planetary scale down to the scale of small volcanoes.

128 31st LPSC Program PRINT -ONLY PRESENTATIONS

Alexeev V. A. Diffusion Losses of Inert Gases in Ordinary Chondrites [#1062] Periodic changes of the perihelion q of chondrites during their cosmic ray exposure history may stipulate diffusion losses of gases at q<0.2 AU and reaccumulation of natural thermoluminescence at q-1 AU during the last -0.1 Ma before capture by the Earth.

Alexeev V. A. Ustinova G. K. Possible Parent Bodies of Ordinary Chondrites [#1047] The accomplished correlative analysis of the statistical distributions of ages and orbits of ordinary chondrites makes it possible to derive the most general features as well as essential differences of evolution ofH- and L-chondrites.

Assonov S. S. Schultz L. Schukolyukov Yu. A. Semenova A. S. Noble Gases in Agglutinates, Breccias and Fines from Luna-24 Regolith Samples [#1322] This study aims determine which Luna-24 constituents have elevated or depleted 40ArP6Ar that is relevant to a finding of isotopically light nitrogen in Luna-24 fines. Gas-rich constituents from 4 core levels have the ratios lower than or close unity.

Badjukov D. D. Raitala J. Shock-Reworked Remnants of a Projectile Matter in Impact Melts of the Lappiijarvi Crater [#1591] Pyrrhotite inclusions with Fe-rich globules in Lappajarvi melts are mineralogically recognisable shock-reworked rests of achondrite (kamacite-rich?) projectile. Due to their relative high abundance the projectile should have a low velocity.

Basu A. Wentworth S. J. McKay D. S. Grain-size Distribution ofApollo 11 Soil I 0084 [#1306] Results of a new grain size analysis of 0.99 g of the submillimeter fraction of the soil 10084, using the JSC methodology, are: Mz = 4.28

Becker L. Poreda R. J. Bunch T. E. The Origin of Fullerenes in the 65 Myr Old Cretaceous/Tertiary Boundary [#1832] In this work we have searched for extraterrestrial (ET) helium (He) in fullerenes isolated from several KIT boundary (KTB) sediments. Measurements of He in these KTB fullerene residues revealed 3He/4He ratios that can only be explained as ET in origin.

Bernhard R. P. Harz F. See T. H. Natural and Man-Made Particle Populations Captured by Aerogel on the Mir Station [#1825] A large number of natural and man-made particles were captured in aerogel on MIR, returned to Earth, extracted, and analyzed via SEM-EDX methods. The compositions of the recovered particles are discussed.

Borisov A. Jones J. H. The Influence of Suspended Metal in Silicate Liquid on Metal/Silicate Partitioning: A Numerical Study [#1236] We peformed a series of metal/silicate partitioning thought experiments where contamination of the silicate by metal increases as the size ofthe charge decreases. Unfortunately, regression of this entirely artificial dataset leads to very reasonable result.

Brian A. W. Stofan E. R. Geology of the V39 Quadrangle: Taussig, Venus [#1664] Geologic mapping of the V39 quadrangle has revealed a complex and varied stratigraphy, which from initial analysis supports a non-directional history of Venus.

31st LPSC Program 129 Bukovanska M. Nemec I. SoleM. FTIR Microspectroscopy of Some Chondrites, Achondrites, Stony Irons and Lunar Meteorite [#1559] FTIR reflectance spectra of various kinds of powdered achondrites, chondrites, stony irons and lunar highland meteorite (2.5-25 microns! and IR microscope reflection spectra (2.5-16.7 microns) of 30-50 micron sized mmerals and mineral mixtures are presented.

Burba G. A. Laidamlulum Vallis, the Third Longest Lava Channel on Venus: Discovery Report [#1185] The unknown lava channel2700-km long found in the S hemisphere of Venus with Magellan SAR images. It is located from 83.5°S, 160°E to 62°S, 142.5°E. The down gradient is 0.029%, which is typical for the plain rivers on the Earth.

Burba G. A. Blue J. Campbell D. B. Dollfus A. Gaddis L. Jurgens R. F. Marov M. Ya. Pettengill G. H. Stofan E. R. More New Names for the Features on Venus: A Review of the 1999 Progress [#1078] Sixty-five features of 13 different types were named on Venus in 1999. Eleven of the names are inN, and 54 are inS hemisphere to support the NASA program of Venus geologic mapping at 1:5,000,000 scale after the Magellan SAR image data.

Burba G. A. Shashkina V. P. Bobina N. N. Geologic Mapping of the Southern Venus: The First Results on Laimdota Planitia and Nsomeka Planitia [#1699] Geologic mapping of 32.7 x 106 km2 area in the Southern Venus (35-90° S, 80-200°E) has revealed very high density of long lava channels, which could be evidence for the emplacement of large volumes of low viscosity lava in this area.

Busarev V. V. On a Possible Way of Hydrating Some M-, E-, and S-Class Asteroids [#1428] Visible-range reflectance spectra of M-class asteroid 161 Athor giving evidence on its spectral duality are presented. A supposition about hydrating 161 Athor and other igneous asteroids due to collisions with more primitive bodies is made.

Cabrol N. A. Astronaut-Rover Exploration Strategies (ARES) for the Human Exploration of Mars [#1164] Starting this year, we develop a series of field and laboratory activities in the context of the Astronaut-Rover Exploration Strategy (ARES) project, which is the science support to the EVA-Robot Assistant project funded by the Surface System Thrust.

Cataldo F. Heymann D. Thiemens M. H. Fokkens R. Nibbering N. M. M. Vis R. D. Sulfur-Bearing Pigments for Jovian Clouds? [#1012] Jupiter's clouds are colored white, yellowish, orange, red, and brown. The white colors are thought to be due to NH4HS. The other colors might be due to photo-co-polymers of ethylene, acetylene, cyanogen, and hydrocyanic acid.

Chikami J. Miyamoto M. Chemical Zonings of Mafic Silicates in Y74025 and Y75305 Winonaites [#1113] We measured the chemical zonings of mafic silicates in Y74025 and Y75305 winonaites to compare the thermal history of winonaites with that of acapulcoites.

Cid A. Casanova I. Marinangeli L. In-Situ X-Ray Diffraction Studies of the Martian Suiface: The Evaporite Component [#1403] Calculations based on Viking and MPF analyses indicate that up to 37% of soil minerals can consist of hydrated magnesium sulfate (epsomite). A novel low-weight X-ray diffraction instrument (XMAP) is proposed for in-situ quantitative analysis of Martian soil mineralogy.

130 31st LPSC Program Cloutis E. A. Asher P. M. Mertzman S. A. Guertin M. Spectral Reflectance Properties of Common Zeolites [#117 4] The spectral properties of common zeolites exhibit absorption features attributable almost exclusively to OH and water. There are few systematic spectral differences between these samples.

Cloutis E. A. Goltz D. M. Coombs J. Russell B. Guertin M. Mueller T. Reflectance Spectra ofAnhydrous Carbonate Minerals: Implications for Mars [#1155] The reflectance spectra of a diverse suite of anhydrous carbonates were characterized. They all exhibit a number of common spectral features and many are consistent with absorption features seen in Mars spectra and attributed to them.

Collins G. C. Head J. W. Pappalardo R. T. Chaos Formation on Europa: Plausibility of the Melt-Through and Solid-State Diapir Models [#1033] Two endmember models were proposed for the mobile substrate of chaotic terrain: a liquid water ocean, or ductile ice. We evaluate the plausibility of each of these models from a physical process standpoint; a new model of melt in the shell is needed.

Colson R. O. Hendrickson T. R. Malum K. M. Floden A.M. Electrochemical Measurement ofActivities for NiO, Ru20 3, and ZnO in a Lunar Volcanic Glass Analog [#1774] Differential Pulse Voltammetry is a fast in situ method for measuring component activities in silicate melts. We report methods for confirming equilibrium conditions and activities for oxide components in an Apollo 15 green glass analog composition.

Crumpler L. S. Tanaka K. L. Hare T. M. Mars Surveyor ('OJ) Landing Sites, Libya Montes: Comparison of MOC Image Data with Results from Detailed Geologic Mapping [#2057] The Libya Montes region has been selected as the top priority region for potential 'Ollanding sites. In the following, details of our geologic map are used to prioritize landing ellipses. The geology within the ellipses is compared with MOC image data.

Denk T. Matz K.-D. Roatsch T. WolfU. Wagner R. J. Neukum G. Jaumann R. Iapetus ( 1 ): Size, Topography, Surface Structures, Craters [#1596] Iapetus' shape is found to be non-spherical and larger (767 x 742 x 713 km) than previously reported. Huge mountains with heights of up to 25 km have been detected. Crater counts on the bright and dark side revealed similar size-frequency distributions.

Dikov Yu. P. Dolin S. P. Levin A. A. Wlotzka F. On the Relative Stability of Silicate Clusters During Laser Evaporation [#1128] Quantum-chemical calculations were made in order to estimate the stability of molecular clusters during high-temperature evaporation of Fe,Mg-silicates, simulating impact events.

Dikov Yu. P. Ruth J. Wlotzka F. Ivanov A. V. HASP Glasses in Apollo 17 Orange Soil Sample 74220 [#1110] A HASP particle (60% Ca+Al+Ti) was found on the surface of a glass spherule from orange soil sample 74220.

Dikov Yu. P. Malkovsky V.I. Pek A. A. Analysis of the Formation Mechanism of Apollo 15 Green Glasses [#1240] Smoluchowski's equation was solved for particle size distributions evolving in a turbulent gas cloud, and compared to the known size frequency of Apollo 15 green glass spherules.

Edgett K. S. Malin M. C. Eolian Bedforms and Erosional Landforms at High Altitudes on the Martian Tharsis Volcanoes [#1072] Eolian bedforms and pedestal craters high on the flanks and in the calderae of the Tharsis volcanoes indicate winds sufficient to move sand have occurred there at some time in the past or present.

31st LPSC Program 131 Edgett K. S. Malin M. C. Examples ofMartian Sandstone: Indurated, Lithified, and Cratered Eolian Dunes in MGS MOC Images [#1071] Sedimentary rocks on Mars. Mars has sandstones in the form of lithified eolian dunes. Some are cratered.

Edgett K. S. Malin M. C. Mars Eolian Processes: Erosion in Lee of a Simple Raised-Rim Crater in Daedalia Planum Compared with 1974 Wind Tunnel Model [#1067] A crater-related wind streak in Daedalia Planum provides a good match to the wind flow patterns shown in "classic" wind tunnel studies by Greeley and others shortly after the Mariner 9 mission.

Edgett K. S. Malin M. C. A Meter-Scale View of the Mars Radar "Stealth" in Southwestern Tharsis [#1065] MGS MOC images show that "Stealth" does not look at all like the meters-thick mantle that had been hypothesized from radar observations; other areas without "stealth" characteristics do.

Edgett K. S. Malin M. C. MGS MOC Images of Self Dunes in the North Polar Region of Mars [#1070] MGS MOC images confirm the existence of linear, or seif, dunes on the surface of Mars. Though very common on Earth, this form of dune which requires a bimodal wind regime is quite rare - but DOES OCCUR- on Mars.

Edgett K. S. Malin M. C. MGS MOC View of the Martian Northern Plains [#1054] MGS MOC images indicate that a heavily-cratered surface lies just beneath a relatively thin veneer of material on the martian northern plains. No evidence of volcanics or marine sediment is found.

Edgett K. S. Malin M. C. The New Mars of MGS MOC: Ridged Layered Geologic Units (They're Not Dunes) [#1057] Geologic units comprised of closely-spaced ridges/grooves have emerged as a new and common class of surface texture on Mars. At first glance they look like dunes, but are instead an expression of eroded layered material.

Edgett K. S. Malin M. C. Sedimentary Bedding Features of Martian Polar Layered Terrain [#1068] Mars polar layered outcrops exhibit typical sedimentary features, including erosional unconformities, folded or deformed beds, beds of differing resistance to erosion, and can be stratigraphically correlated over lOOs km distance.

Edgett K. S. Malin M. C. Sedimentary Geology ofTrouvelot Crater and Dark Intracrater Features (Or, "Splotches") of Western Arabia Terra [#1066] Trouvelot Crater exhibits wind-eroded, layered material displaying at least 1 erosional unconformity and a mass of "white rock" material. Very little sand seems to be supplied to the system today.

Fel'dman V.I. Kozlov E. A. Zugin Yu. N. Transformation ofAmphibolite Under Shock-Wave Loading [#1327] The experimental shock-wave loading of amphibolite give us possibility to characterize the behavior of five rock-forming minerals depending on the shock-wave amplitude. For the first time in that experiment was fixed such high partial pressure of oxygen.

Fioretti A M. Goodrich C. A. Primary Melt Inclusions in Olivine, Augite, and Orthopyroxene in Ureilite FRO 90054 [#1202] Description and chemical compositions of primary melt inclusions (glass ± augite ± spherules of metal, sulfide and phosphide,± minor grains of chromite) occuring in all primary silicates in the ureilite FRO 90054, similar to Hughes 009, is given.

132 31st LPSC Program Fisenko A. V. Semjonova L. F. The Xe Excess Variations in Diamond Grains: Alternative Explanation [#1829] In the present study we suggest an alternative explanation for Xe-P6.

Fisenko A. V. Verchovsky A. B. Semjonova L. F. Ott U. Pillinger C. T. Ivanov A. V. Presolar Diamonds in CR and CI Clusts of the Kaidun Meteorite [#1834] Interstellar diamonds separated from CR and CI types of clusts from the Kaidun meteorite were analysed for carbon, nitrogen and noble gas isotopes.

Fishbaugh K. E. Head J. W. III North Polar Region of Mars: Evidence for Asymmetric Retreat of the Polar Cap from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) Data [#1271] High-resolution topographic data from MOLA reveal that the Martian north polar cap may once have extended to about 7rN. The former Olympia Lobe, consisting now of Olympia Planitia and polar cap remnants and kettles, has asymmetrically retreated.

Fisher D. E. On the Cometary Origin of Rare Gases in Mars and Earth [#1082] Estimates of earth's mantle rare gases allow an evaluation of a proposed model of atmospheric formation on both Earth and Mars, in which a mixture of internal trapped gases, released by degassing, is mixed with a cometary veneer.

Gaddis L. R. Farrand W. Weller L. Compositional Mapping of Lunar Pyroclastic Deposits Using Clementine UVVIS and NIR Data [#1244] We use the combined Clementine UVVIS and NIR data to examine the compositions of lunar pyroclastic deposits at 4 sites on the Moon: J. Herschel, Alphonsus, Archimedes, and Rima Bode.

Gillis J. J. Rueb D. Cohen J. Hager M. A. The Lunar Orbiter Photographic Atlas Digital Archive [#1815] A report on our progress of digitally archiving Lunar Orbiter images from the "Lunar Orbiter Photographic Atlas" by D. E. Bowker and J. K. Hughes.

Greenberg R. Hoppa G. V. Tufts B. R. Geissler P. Non-Synchronous Rotation of Europa [#1910] Europa's rotation rate is constrained by direct observations and tidal-tectonic features. The period is > 12,000 yr and< 107 yr relative to Jupiter, consistent with tidal theory and with implications for geological and biological conditions.

GrinE. A. Strategy and Technology Overview for EVA-Rover Exploration of Subsuiface and Challenging Environments on Mars [#1300] We propose the investigation of techniques and instrument designs for EVA-Rover teams to access challenging environments on Mars that can hold important clues about water and the possible development of life.

Grossman J. N. Birch B. Benoit P. H. Sears D. W. G. Clayton R.N. Rubin A. E. Chizmadia L. J. Rainbow: A New C03 Chondrite from Australia [#1355] Rainbow olivine is intermediate between Colony and Kainsaz. AOI resemble Kainsaz. Induced TL gives subtype 3.1-3.2. 0-isotopes are at the heavy end of the C03 trend. There is no correlation between 0-isotopes and petrologic type in the C03 group.

Gyenizse P. Nagyvaradi L. Pirkhoffer E. Detection of Candidate Impact Sites in Hungary [#1818] In the western part of the Carpathian basin in Hungary, a candidate impact site can be found with a 23-km diameter.

31st LPSC Program 133 Head J. W. III Channels Surrounding Candidate Ancient South Polar Deposits on Mars: Evidence for Drainage of Meltwater [#1121] MOLA data support the presence of an extensive Hesperian-aged volatile-rich south polar deposit. Four major channels emerge from these deposits and extend downslope over 900 km to the floor of the Argyre basin, apparently draining the meltwater.

Head J. W. III Mars South Pole: Evidence for Geologically Recent Lateral Migration of Volatile-rich Layered Deposits [#2036] An impact crater with pristine-appearing secondary crater chains is partly covered with more than a km of polar layered terrain suggesting that the crater formed near the edge of the cap in late Amazonian time, was buried by polar cap advance.

Head J. W. III Tests for Ancient Polar Deposits on Mars: Assessment of Morphology and Topographic Relationships of Large Pits (Angusti and Sisyphi Cavi) Using MOLA Data [#1118] MOLA data reveal that two regions of large pits near the South Pole show poleward subsidence and equatorward drainage features; these relationships support an origin through basal melting of a water-rich ice cap in earlier Mars history.

Head J. W. III Tests for Ancient Polar Deposits on Mars: Morphology and Topographic Relationships of Esker-like Sinuous Ridges (Dorsa Argentea) Using MOLA Data [#1117] MOLA data are used to characterize the Hesperian-aged Dorsa Argentea sinuous ridges near the South Pole in order to assess their origin.

Head J. W. III Tests for Ancient Polar Deposits on Mars: Origin of Esker-like Sinuous Ridges (Dorsa Argentea) Using MOLA Data [#1116] MOLA data support the interpretation of the Dorsa Argentea sinuous ridges as eskers and suggest that polar deposits occurred near the South Pole during the Hesperian and subsequently underwent extensive subglacial melting and retreat.

Head J. W. Kreslavsky M.A. Mars Northern Lowlands: Topographic Characteristics of Members of the Vastitas Borealis Formation [#1279] The Vastitas Borealis Formation dominates the northern lowlands and proposed to be the site of ancient oceans; some of the distinctive and unusual characteristics of the members are consistent with the presence of former standing bodies of water.

Head J. W. III Ivanov M.A. Hiesinger H. Kreslavsky M. Thomson B. PrattS. Oceans in the Past History of Mars?: Evidence for Recession and Timing from MOLA Data [#1750] MOLA data are consistent with a large standing body of water in the northern lowlands and its retreat by the Amazonian Period.

Head J. W. III Wilson L. Galileo SSI Team Modelling a Candidate Lava Fountain Fissure Eruption on Io [#1367] Models for the ascent and eruption of magma are applied to recent data from Io.

Head J. W. III Wilson L. Pieters C. M. Pyroclastic Eruptions Associated with the Floor-fractured Lunar Farside Crater Oppenheimer in the South Pole Aitken Basin [#1280] Pyroclastic deposits of Imbrian age are associated with floor-fracturing in the farside crater Oppenheimer in the South Pole-Aitken basin and are consistent with sill emplacement, floor uplift, and vulcanian style eruptions.

134 31st LPSC Program Heather D. J. Wilson L. Dunkin S. K. Theoretical Modelling of the Thermal and Physical Evolution of the Moon [#1354] We intend to bring the global compositional data from recent missions together with physical models to address some of the questions remaining about the history of the formation, rise and eruption of mare basalts. Here we outline the basic issues.

Heber V. S. Baur H. Wieler R. Solar Kr and Xe in Gas-rich Meteorites Detennined by Closed System Stepwise Etching [#1563] We present isotopic and elemental ratios of implanted solar Krypton and Xenon from the meteorites Fayetteville and Pesyanoe. We show that it is possible to measure by closed system etching with HF heavy solar noble gases despite the presence of primordial noble gases.

Hiesinger H. Head J. W. III PrattS. Deuteronilus Mensae: Testing for a Possible Shoreline with New MOLA and MOC Data [#1646] We investigated the elevation of a proposed shoreline (Parker's Contact 2) in Deuteronilus Mensae over -800 km extent. Contact 2 is closer to an equipotential line than any other randomly picked line and is highly correlated with a break in slope.

Horz F. See T. H. Quenched Olivines and Pyroxenes in Impact Melts from Meteor Crater, AZ [#1737] The shock melting and mixing of target rocks- dominated by quartz and dolomite- and of an iron-rich projectile at Meteor Crater, AZ produced an ultramafic melt that crystallized olivine and pyroxene of varied compositions during ballistic ejection.

Housen K. R. Voss M. E. Scale-dependent Outcomes in Collisional Fragmentation of Basalt [#1495] Collision experiments were performed with basalt targets with a factor of ten variation in size. The results show that the kinetic energy/target mass for shattering a strength-dominated rocky asteroid should decrease as asteroid size increases.

Ivanov M. A Possible Nature ofTessera Precursor Terrain on Venus [#1241] Detailed mapping of tessera terrain revealed that the tessera precursor terrain resemble in many cases morphologically smooth plains. The plains are presumably of basaltic composition.

Ivanov M. A Head J. W. III Kortz B. E. Morris A Russell P. Stoddard P. Deformation Belts in Lavinia Planitia, Venus, Stratigraphy and Relative Ages [#1446] Analysis of detailed stratigraphy of deformation belts shows that ridge belts predate fracture belts.

Ivanova M. A Kononkova N. N. Nazarov M. A. Rutile and Mn-rich Chromite-bearing Sulfide Nuggets in an Unusual Inclusion from the Ghubara (L5) Chondrite [#1715] Sulfide nuggets containing rutile, alabandite and Mn-rich chromite were found in an enstatite inclusion from the Ghubara (L5) chondrite. The inclusion could be considered as a middle temperature condensate from the solar nebula gas.

Kashkarov L. L. Ustinova G. K. Peculiarities of the Radiation Conditions in the Early Solar System [#1046] The study of isotopic anomalies and tracks of VH-nuclei in meteorites provides new evidence on a peculiar radiation environment in the early solar system, which could be conditioned by strong shock wave propagations.

31st LPSC Program 135 Kashkarov L. L. Assonov S. S. lvliev A. I. Semenova A. S. Double Stage Shock-Thermal History of Olivine Crystals from Luna-16 [#1377] This work aims elucidate thermal history of silicate crystals from lunar regolith by means VH-tracks and natural TL. Shortened tracks and low temperature TL found in several olivine grains may be indicative of some heating events.

Kashkarov L. L. Assonov S. S. Kalinina G. V. Mohamednazarov S. Schukolyukov Yu. A. Skripnik A. Ya. Track and Noble Gas Investigation of New Kunya-Urgench H5 Chondrite [#1397] Noble gases and nuclear tracks were measured in new Kunya-Urgench H5 chondrite. According track data and high 4He and 40 Ar retention ages, this meteorite had not underwent substantial heating that will correspond. The mean 21 Ne exposure age is 42 Ma.

Kereszturi A. Sik A. F eng-Shui on Mars- History of Geomorphological Effects of Water and Wind [#1216] We overviewed the martian historical geomorphology of water and wind effects on difference scales. We reconstructed the surface the great steps of evolution of MPF landing site, where the flood sediment covered area was long time resurfaced by different wind regimes.

Kettrup D. Deutsch A. Pesonen L. J. Eahlburg H. Micrometeorites from the Proterozoic Satakunta Sandstone, Finland- Why are They Preserved? [#1350] Preservation of micrometeorites in mesoproterozoic sandstones. What are depositional and diagenetic influences of the host rocks and how does this affect the preservation of the micrometeorites.

KimuraM. Opaque Minerals in an LL3.0 Chondrite, Y74660: Potential Indicators of Petrologic Subtypes [#1213] Opaque minerals in Y74660 LL3.0 evidently show distinguishable features from those in the other LL chondrites, and such mineral chemistry may be an potential indicator of metamorphic sequence and parent body process of ordinary chondrites.

Korotev R. L. The Magnesium Mystery of the Apollo 11 Regolith [#1482] The Apollo 11 regolith is enriched in Mg compared to mixtures of local mare basalts and feldspathic highland material that accounts for other elements. Using mass-balance constraints, we cannot identify the component, but its abundance is -8%.

Korotev R. L. On the Relationship Between Site Geology and the Distribution of Surface Regolith Compositions at the Apollo Sites [#1209] Some considerations are discussed on how information on site geology can be obtained from the distribution of data points on 2-element plots of composition of lunar regolith samples collected along a traverse.

Korotev R. L. JolliffE. L. Siderophile Element Concentrations in Two Metal Fragments from the Apollo 16 Regolith [#1385] We present results of siderophile-element analysis of two FeNi metal grains from the Apollo 16 regolith which each likely crystallized from an impact melt. One is unusual in having a high Ir/Au ratio and high Ga concentration for Apollo 16 metal.

Korotev R. L. JolliffE. L. Haskin L.A. The Concentration of Oxygen (and Silicon) in Lunar Materials [#1210] As an aid for interpretation of nuclear data obtained remotely, we provide data on concentrations of oxygen and silicon in a variety of lunar materials.

136 31st LPSC Program Kreslavsky M. A. Starukhina L. V. Dielectric Properties of Plains on Venus [#1289] Radiophysical data on dielectric properties of regional plains on Venus are hardly consistent with laboratory data on dry basalts. Plains should be heavily weathered. Some impact crater floors and lava flows can represent fresh dry basalt surface.

Krot A. N. Meibom A. Keil K. Volatile-poor Chondrules inCH Carbonaceous Chondrites: Formation at High Ambient Nebular Temperature [#1481] Volatile-poor, magnesian chondrules are similar to those in QUE94411 and Hammadah al Hamra 237 and formed at high ambient nebular temperatures prior to condensation ofFe,Ni-metal. These chondrules may be of the very first generation.

Kuzmin R. O. Zabalueva E. V. Possibility of the Seasonal Existence of Salt Solution in the Martian Surface Regolith and Their Morphological Effect [#2104] It is studied the seasonal effect of the salt solutions appearance in the Martian regolith.

Kuzmin R. O. Greeley R. Rafkin S. Haberle R. Wind-related Modification of the Meteorite Crater Morphology as Key to Wind Regime History on Mars [#1643] The results of high resolution imaging of the Martian surface by MOC, show that wind activity is a dominant process in the current environment, forming and modifying the surface from the equator to the poles.

Langenhorst F. Shaw C. S. J. Metzler K. Mineral Chemistry and Microstructures in ALH84001 [#1866] We summarize SEM and TEM results obtained on the martian meteorite ALH84001. Clino/ortho-inversion in orthopyroxene, shock melting of plagioclase and silica, as well as degassing features in carbonates indicate strong shock metamorphism.

Lavrukhina A. K. New Model of Preplanetary Nebula Accretion [#1001] Recently a considerable interest calls an idea that supernovae might sometimes cause star formation.

Lavrukhina A. K. Nitrogen Isotopes in Solar System [#1002] The nitrogen isotopic compositions in solar system bodies are high heterogeneity and variable.

Lawson S. L. Jakosky B. M. Comparison of Clementine LWIR and UVVIS Images: Factors Controlling Lunar Surface Temperatures [#2017] In an effort to better understand the factors which control lunar surface temperatures, we compare a Clementine long-wave infrared camera mosaic to images from the ultraviolet-visible camera.

Leone G. Wilson L. Cataldo V. Lava Flow Field Areas and Caldera Volumes on Io: Their Correlation with Magma Reservoir Size and Collapse Events [#1651] Caldera volumes on Io can be related to areas and thicknesses of lava flows. This sheds light on the relative importance of elastic and inelastic processes in the crust.

Lin Y. Amari S. Pravdivtseva O. Presolar Si3N4 and Subtypes of SiC of Type Xfrom the Qingzhen (EH3) Meteorite [#1431] Presolar SiC grains from the Qingzhen enstatite chondrite are smaller than those from Murchison. Grains X are rarer and their Si isotopic ratios indicate two subtypes. The abundance of presolar oxides is much lower than in Murchison and Tieschitz.

31st LPSC Program 137 Llorca J. Sulfide Formation in Interplanetary Dust Particles [#1042] Pyrrhotite is the only sulfide phase obtained in experiments where model kamacite particles are exposed to H2+H2S gas mixtures under nebular-type conditions. Pyrrhotites in IDPs appear to be primordial condensates from nebular gas-solid reactions.

Lorenz C. Nazarov M. Kurat G. Brandstaetter F. High-Magnesium Lithologies and Dry Fluid Metasomatism in the Budulan Mcsosiderite [#1315] The first evidence for dry fluid metasomatism was found in the Budulan mesosiderite. Metasomatism manifests itself in local reduction of olivine, formation of a variety of symplectites and mobilization of Fe,Ni metal.

Lucey P. G. Blewett D. T. Eliason E. M. Weller L.A. Sucharski R. Malaret E. Himichs J. L. Owensby P. D. Optimized Calibration Constants for the Clementine NIR Camera [#1273] We have performed a global optimization of exposure duration, gain, global bias, digital offset, and offset multiplier for the data collected by the Clementine NIR camera.

MacKinnon D. J. Tanaka K. L. Mechanisms for Transport of Fine-grained Materials Within the Martian Subsuiface [#1465] Formed by impact, volcanic, and sedimentary process, we propose a two-layer, physical and hydrologic model for Mars. We develop simple fluidization models,driven by impacts and volcanotectonic activity, that could erode deep layers on and within the martian subsurface

Malin M. C. Edgett K. S. Early Defrosting of the 1999 South Polar Seasonal Frost Cap: Evidence of Interannual Climate Change? [#1052] MGS MOC images suggest that the interior of the S polar seasonal cap of Mars began to defrost 5 months earlier in 1999 than in 1997.

Malin M. C. Edgett K. S. Frosting and Defrosting of Martian Polar Dunes [#1056] Martian polar dunes are the first surfaces to show evidence of frosting and defrosting in autumn/spring, respectively. Polar dunes may contain volatiles.

Malin M. C. Edgett K. S. Martian Burial and Exhumation Theme: Example of Older Cratered Terrain Exposedfrom Beneath Layered Rocks East of the Elysium Rise [#1191] Heavily cratered terrain appears to be exposed on the floor of a trough cut into 100s of meters of layered rock. Crater count-based dating schemes for Mars do not adequately account for burial and exhumation of the scale seen in MGS MOC and Viking Orbiter images.

Malin M. C. Edgett K. S. The Nature of Layered Outcrop Expression in the Martian Polar Layered Terrains [#1055] Mars polar layer outcrops in the N are expressed as ridges/troughs while those in the S are usually stair-stepped. This suggests something is very different about the history of the two polar caps.

Malin M. C. Edgett K. S. The New Mars of MGS MOC: Cratering and Eolian History of a Small Intercrater Plain in Western Terra Sirenum [#1069] Increased spatial resolution offers increased temporal resolution as illustrated by this unique, brief study of dune and cratering history in Terra Sirenum from one of the very first MGS MOC images.

138 31st LPSC Program Malin M. C. Edgett K. S. Observations of Aprons in Martian Fretted Terrain [#1053] MGS MOC images show that fretted terrain aprons bear little evidence that the material has flowed. They are not necessarily composed of debris shed from the adjacent slope.

Malin M. C. Edgett K. S. Rough is Smooth and Smooth is Rough: The Martian Suiface at Meter Versus Hectometer Scales and Implications for Future Landing Sites [#1059] At meter scales, areas that appear rugged at 100-m scales on Mars are relatively smooth and surfaces that appear smooth at 100-m scales are extremely rugged at m scale. Implication: Can't land current-design Mars Surveyor landers in places that look smooth in Viking images.

Malyshev A. I. Malysheva L. K. An Origin of Valley Networks and Outflow Valleys on the Martian Surface [#1125] All concepts of aqueous erosion have serious difficulties and are forced to resort to various speculative suppositions. It is sufficient to take into account a specific character of Martian volcanism for elimination of Martian relief-forming problems.

Marakushev A. A. Origin of the Moon and Halilean Jupiter's Satellites [#1383] The Moon follows the row ofHalilean Jupiter's satellites by many characteristics being the most close to Io. This regularity reflects a supposed giant size of the Protoearth and its similarity to Jupiter.

McCallum I. S. How Magnesian are Mg-Suite Troctolites? [#1477] Mg-suite samples have undergone extensive subsolidus recrystallization during which original compositions of olivine and spinel have changed. Recrystallized olivines are significantly more magnesian than liquidus olivines.

McCallum I. S. Petrogenesis of Mg-Suite Parent Magmas by Polybaric Fractional Fusion and Crustal Assimilation [#1471] Polybaric fractional fusion of primitive lunar material followed by assimilation of urKREEP and ferroan anorthosite cannot generate magma parental to the troctolitic members of the Mg-suite. Mg-suite troctolites may represent residues from crustal melting events.

Meibom A Krot A. N. Keil K. Righter K. Chabot N. FeNi-Metal/Sulfide- Ferrous Silicate Shock Melts in QU£94411 and Hammadah AI Hamra 237: Remains of the Missing Matrix ? [#1420] We describe the mineralogy ofFeNi metal/sulfide-ferrous silicate shock melt in QUE94411 and HH237, which could be the remains of the missing matrix component in these meteorites

Mikouchi A. K. Mikouchi T. Development and Use of a Computer Software for Learning by Observation and Appreciation: A New Way of Planetary Science Education [#2004] We developed a computer software to make users learn about the Moon through their observation and appreciation. We performed a usability test at school, and knew that 7th grade students enjoyed it, making them more interested in the Moon than before.

Miura Y. Shock Wave Fonnation of the Sea of Japan [#2096] The zircon and Fe-Ni grain in spherules found at the Takamstsu buried crater of Japan indicate that proto-Sea of Japan is opened by direct impact on old Tamakatsu crater site, and shock-wave transportation of shock wave impact from back-side of the Ear

31st LPSC Program 139 Miyamoto M. Komatsu M. Mikouchi T. Diffuse Reflectance Spectra of Several Chondrites Heated at Different Oxygen Fugacities [#1109] We measured diffuse reflectance spectra in the UV-Visible-Near IR wavelength region for heated samples of Murchison (CM2), Allende (CV3) and Nuevo Mercurio (H5) chondrites to study spectral changes due to heating at different oxygen fugacities.

Morris R. V. Golden D. C. Shelfer T. D. Meteor Crater Impact Melt Particles: An Analogue for Formation of Ultramafic Mineral Assemblages from Soil on Mars [#1638] Meteor Crater impact melts suggest that impact into martian soil might produce melts that crystallize ultramafic olivine and pyroxene assemblages that are normally associated with magmatic processes.

Morris R. V. Lane M.D. Mertzman S. Shelfer T. D. Christensen P.R. Chemical and Mineralogical Purity of Sinus Meridiani Hematite [#1618] Thermal emission spectra of hematitic rocks having a range of chemical and mineralogical purity confirm the identification of the hematite deposit in the Sinus Meridiani region of Mars.

Morris R. V. Le L. Lane M. D. Golden D. C. Shelfer T. D. Lofgren G. E. Christensen P.R. Multidisciplinary Study of Synthetic Mars Global Average Soil Glass [#1611] Mars global average soil glass has thermal emission spectra that are independent of iron oxidation state, but its detectability is reduced compared to SiOrrich glasses because of broad spectral features with low spectral contrast.

Mukhin L. M. Pimenov K. Y. The Cooling Rates of Impact Craters and the Surface Temperature of Early Earth [#1086] The cooling rate of impact crater strong depends on force convection. Low surface temperature of the growing Earth in frames of Safronov's accretion model is shown.

Nakamura T. Tholen D. J. Nakamura A.M. Saito J. Sasaki S. Nakamura R. Demura H. Akiyama H. AMICA Science Team Development of the Asteroid Multiband Imaging Camera (AMICA) for the Japanese Sample Return Mission: MUSES-C [#1310] MUSES-Cis a technology demonstration mission to a near-Earth asteroid with some scientific instruments including AMICA. This report describes the AMICA specifications, calibrations, scientific goals, and current status of development.

Nazarov M.A. Chaussidon M. Kurat G. Trace Element Patterns of Phosphorian Sulfides from the Cold Bokkelveld ( CM) Chondrite [#1662] New trace element data for phosphorian sulfides were obtained by SIMS. The results confirm that the sulfides have a pre-solar trace element signature and could have originated in the reduced environment of carbon star envelopes.

Nazarov M. A. Patchen A. Taylor L. A. Ca,Ti-rich FeNi Metal Nuggets from a CAl of the Efremovka Chondrite [#1248] Ca and Ti enrichments were found in metal nuggets in a rhonite-bearing CAl of the Efremovka chondrite. It is suggested that the nuggets are Fe-Ni carbide-metal alloys, which could dissolve small amounts of Ca and Ti.

Nelson R. M. Hapke B. W. Smythe W. D. Wavelength Dependence of the Coherent Backscattering Induced Phase Curve in Simulated Planetary Regolith Material [#1449] We have searched for wavelength dependent effects in phase curves of candidate planetary regolith materials where coherent backscattering contributes to the opposition phase curve.

140 31st LPSC Program Nelson V. E. Rubin A. E. Update on the Size-Frequency Distributions ofChondrules and Chondrule Fragments in the Semarkona LL3.0 Chondrite [#1493] The variation in chondrule/fragment ratio among LL3 chondrites indicates that most fragmentation took place on the parent body rather than in the nebula. Droplet chondrules (BO,C,RP) appear to be larger and less friable than porphyritic chondrules.

Oberst J. Zeitler W. Kuschel M. Where is Viking Lander 2? [#1612] Based on an analysis of the Viking control point network, we predict that the Viking Lander 2 site is located 25 km south-west of crater Goldstone.

Ori G. G. Marinangeli L. Komatsu G. Gas (Methane?) - Related Features on the Surface of Mars and Subsurface Reservoirs [#1550] Several features on the surface of Mars suggest the release of material from the subsurface to the surface: mud volcanoes, pits, bulges in impact craters. These structures may be related to gas releases from the subsurface.

Papike J. J. Shearer C. K. Spilde M. N. Karner J. M. Metamorphic Diogenite GRO 95555: Mineral Chemistry of Orthopyroxene and Comparisons to the Diogenite Suite [#1009] Orthopyroxene chemistry in unique, metamorphic diogenite GRO 95555 is compared to orthopyroxene in a suite of diogenites.

Pearson V. K. Sephton M.A. Franchi I. A. Gilmour I. Intra- and Inter-Meteorite Heterogeneity in Carbon and Nitrogen Abundance and Isotopic Compositions Within CM Chondrites [#1823] Significantly lower nitrogen abundances have been observed in whole-rock and splits of Antarctic CM chondrites compared with non-Antarctic samples. This may reflect the influence of Antarctic weathering on these samples.

Petaev M. I. Meibom A. Krot A. N. Wood J. A. The Condensation Origin of Zoned Metal Grains in Bencubbin/CH-like Chondrites: Thermodynamic Model [#1608] The PCMET and CWPI codes, their thermodynamic database, and comparisons with other condensation codes are described.

Pieters C. M. Pratt S. Earth-based Near-Infrared Collection of Spectra for the Moon: A New PDS Data Set [#2059] Near-infrared spectra (0.6 to 2.5 Jlm) acquired for the Moon with earth-based telescopes will be available to the community through PDS in the spring of 2000.

Povenmire H. R. The Other Upsilon Pegasid Fireball [#1184] Double station Upsilon Pegasid Fireball description and comparison to other fireball measurements.

Povenmire H. R. Physical Dynamics of the Upsilon Pegasid Fireball- European Network 190882A [#1183] A description of the physical dynamics of an Upsilon Pegasid fireball as measured by the European Network.

Povenmire H. R. Strange R. L. A Tektite from Richmond County, Georgia [#1187] Description of the Georgia tektite strewnfield and as mapped by H.R. Povenmire including the newest specimen found in Richmond County, GA expanding the strewnfield.

31st LPSC Program 141 Protheroe W. J. Jr. Stirling J. A. R. Cathodoluminescence Analysis ofMars Meteorites [#1980] CL imaging is used to locate and detail the texture, and the CL spectrometer can be used to investigate trace variances found, which then can be correlated with WDS analysis.

Protheroe W. J. Jr. Stirling J. A. R. Preliminary Results of Cathodoluminescence Spectral Analysis of [3-Ca-Phosphates ("Whitlockite") in the Mars Meteorite ALH 84001 [#2021] Three mineral grains of [3-Ca-phosphates from the Mars meteorite ALH 84001 sample N fragments #3734, #3738 and #3739 were studied by cathodoluminescence imaging and spectroscopy, and microprobe analysis.

Pugacheva S. G. Shevchenk:o V. V. The Model of the Moon's Thermal Radiation in the Infrared Spectral Ranges (10-12 Microns) [#1129] On the basis of the classic theory of the lunar-surface radiation and the radiation measurements performed by the GOMS artificial satellite was derived a generalized digital analytical model of the thermal fields of the Moon in the infrared (1 0-12 micron) spectrum.

Robert F. Camy-Peyret C. Non Mass Dependent Oxygen Isotopic Fractionation: An Angular Effect in Scattering Processes [#1779] A non mass dependent isotopic fractionation effect for oxygen isotopes is described. Numerical applications to the synthesis of ozone are in agreement with the experimental data.

Rodionova J. F. Kozlova E. A. Antipodes on the Moon [#1349] It is shown that the basins of far side are antipodes of the lunar near side maria and basins.

Ruiz J. Torices A. Structure of the Upper lee Mantle ofTriton [#1298] If low thermal conductivity ices elevate the effective surface temperature of Triton in a dozen of degrees, or more, an ocean could exist in their interior. If not, the internal structure could evolve to a gravitationally unstable situation.

Sahijpal S. McKeegan K. D. Goswami J. N. Davis A.M. Oxygen Isotopic Compositions of Murchison Hibonites with Wide-ranging Radiogenic and Neutron-rich Stable Isotope Anomalies [#1502] To better characterize the origins, extents, and interactions of isotopically exotic reservoirs, we determined 0 isotopic compositions of Murchison hibonites that show a wide range of radiogenic CZ6Mg, 41 K) and n-rich 48 50 ( Ca, Ti) isotope anomalies.

Sanloup C. Blichert-Toft J. Telouk P. Gillet P. Albarede F. Evidence for Extinct 92Nb Radioactivity in Chondrites and SNC Meteorites [#1247] The isotopic composition of Zr for chondrites, four SNC meteorites and a eucrite were analyzed. Six of the analyzed chondrites display a distinct negative 92Zrl0Zr anomaly, reaching down to -2.7 ± 0.8 £units for Forest Vale (H4).

Schmitt H. H. Source and Implications of Large Lunar Basin-forming Objects [#1821] Initial breakup of the original Main Belt planetesimal and subsequent resonance interaction of asteroids with Jupiter would appear to be the best present choice as a discrete impactor source for large lunar basin-forming objects.

Schultz R. A. Depth Implications of Fault-Population Statistics for the Valles Marineris Extensional Province, Mars [#1177] The fault population statistics for the Valles Marineris region are consistent with a mixture of faults and grabens having different aspect ratios, and therefore a dependence ofD-L scaling relation on the 3D fault shape.

142 31st LPSC Program Schultz R. A. Mechanical Modeling of Planetary Wrinkle Ridges [#1173] 3D calculations demonstrate that horizontal strains across wrinkle ridges are strongly inhomogeneous in 3D (map view and depth). The ratio of folding strains to faulting strains is dependent on fault depth.

Schultz R. A. On the Application of the Canyonlands Model to Planetary Grabens: Two Decades of Progress [#1176] The observational basis for planetary grabens as simple, symmetric, keystone wedges in a shallow viscoelastic sequence is corrected to demonstrate non-simple, non-symmetric fault networks that extend to non-trivial depths.

Schultz R. A. Moore J. M. Grosfils E. B. Tanaka K. L. Mege D. Hauber E. Kronberg P. Revised Model for Simple Planetary Grabens and Tectonic Implications [#1175] An hourglass model for the cross-sectional geometry of planetary grabens in the near-surface crust is consistent with terrestrial observations and planetary data. Planetary grabens are no longer the simple symmetric structures they were once thought to be.

Scott E. D. Sub-Lithospheric 'Subduction' on Mars: Convective Removal of a Lithospheric Root. I: The Mechanism [#1246] Convective removal lithospheric root and its replacement with asthenosphere explain two of the morphological peculiarities of Alba Patera: the low angle flank slopes, the annular graben, and that volcanic activity changed from volatile rich to poor.

Scott E. D. Sub-Lithospheric 'Subduction' on Mars: Convective Removal of a Lithospheric Root. II: Alba Patera [#1329] Convective removal lithospheric root and its replacement with asthenosphere explain two of the morphological peculiarities of Alba Patera: the low angle flank slopes, the annular graben, and that volcanic activity changed from volatile rich to poor.

Scott E. D. Sub-Lithospheric 'Subduction' on Mars: Convective Removal of a Lithospheric Root. III: Syria Planum Region [#1331] Convective removal of a lithospheric root and its replacement with asthenosphere can explain the tectonic evolution of the Syria Planum region of Mars, which changed from that characteristic of uplift to that associated with subsidence.

Scott E. D. Wilson L. Head J. W. III Martian Plinian Eruptions and Pit Chain Craters [#1332] Pit craters in graben on the flanks of Alba Patera form by two processes within stalled dykes: small ones follow the leakage of volatiles from the dyke surface and collapse of crustal rocks into this void; larger ones form during plinian eruptions.

See T. H. Mittlefehldt D. W. Varley L. R. Mertzmann S. A. Roddy D. J. Hi:irz F. Major Element Composition of the Target Rocks at Meteor Crater, AZ [#1720] We analyzed the target rocks from Meteor Crater, AZ, using XRF and XRD. Coconino contains >96% Si02; Kaibab is dominated by quartz and dolomite and contains very little calcite; the Moenkopi has the highest

Ah03 and CaO/MgO of all rocks.

Semenova A. S. Nazarov M. A. Kononkova N. N. Patchen A. Taylor L. A. Mineral Chemistry of Lunar Meteorite Dar Al Gani 400 [#1252] Lunar meteorite Dar Al Gani 400 is dominated by a ferroan anorthosite component. It contains also minor Mg-suite lithologies, rare mare basalt mineral fragments related to VL T basalts, and an unusual. feldspar component enriched in BalK.

31st LPSC Program 143 Sephton M.A. Gilmour I. Wright I. P. DeLeeuw J. W. Grady M. M. Pillinger C. T. High Molecular Weight Organic Matter in Nakhla [#1786] Carbon isotopic measurements of individual organic moieties liberated from aromatic high molecular weight material in Nakhla indicate that this meteorite contains complex organic matter similar to carbonaceous chondrites.

Sepp B. Bischoff A. Kerschhofer L. Low-Temperature Phase Decomposition in Fe-Ni Metal of the Portales Valley Meteorite [#1604] The Portales Valley meteorite shows well developed WidmansUitten pattern in its metallic veins. Due to the slow cooling of the Fe-Ni metal taenite displays a very complex microstructure which can be used to investigate the thermal history of the host meteorite.

Shestopalov D. I. Golubeva L. F. Influence of Temperature on Reflectance Spectra of Asteroids [#1003] Authors of new publications attempt to explain the peculiarities of asteroid reflectance spectra by their relatively low surface temperature.

Shevchenko V. G. Occultation Albedo of Asteroids [#1392] Occultation albedos of thirty asteroids were determined using their occultation diameters.

Shingareva T.V. Kuzmin R. O. Some New Data on Morphology of Phobos Surface [#1665] The grooves types, the crater and block size distribution and slope processes on Phobos were studied using the new MOC images.

Snyder G. A. Hall C. M. Taylor L.A. Nazarov M.A. Semenova T. S. 40Ar- 39Ar Geochronology ofAncient Highlands Rocks from the Luna 20 Landing Site [#1221] A group of 6 "new" Luna 20 rocks have been analyzed for their 40 Ar-39 Ar isotopic composition. Two troctolites suggest ancient ages, possibly in excess of 4350 Ma.

Snyder G. A. Hall C. M. Taylor L.A. Nazarov M.A. Semenova T. S. 40Ar-39Ar Geochronology of "New" Basalts from Mare Fecunditatis and Mare Crisium [#1222] A group of 12 "new" basalts from Luna 16 and Luna 24 have been analyzed for their 40Ar-39 Ar isotopic composition. Ages for these samples span a range from 3000 to 3350 Ma.

Sunshine J. M. Hinrichs J. L. Lucey P. G. Temperature Dependence of Individual Absorptions Bands in Olivine: Implications for Inferring Compositions ofAsteroid Surfaces from Spectra [#1605] The temperature variations of individual absorptions in olivine are modeled and found to narrow, move slightly in position, and change in relative strength as predicted by theory. These thermal changes may be confused with compositional differences.

Taylor L. A. Patchen A. Taylor D. S. Morris R. V. Pieters C. Keller L. P. Wentworth S. McKay D. S. Mineralogical Characterization of Lunar Mare Soils [#1706] Modal data on the abundances of minerals and glasses in the fine fractions of 9 mare soils form the basis for deciphering their reflectance spectra; these data also provide the basis for detailed understanding of the formation of lunar soils.

Tejfel V. G. Sinyaeva N. V. Kharitonova G. A. The Detailed Study of Longitudinal-Latitudinal Variations of the Metha. Absorption Distribution Along Jupiter's Central Meridian [#1207] From 380 CCD-spectra of Jupiter's central meridian, recorded in November-December 1999, the latitudinal and longitudinal variations of the methane absorption bands 619, 725, 798, and 887 nm have measured, analysed and offered as computerized atlas.

144 31st LPSC Program Ustinova G. K. Marti K. Possible Fractionation of Noble Gases in Shock Waves [#1230] A new possible mechanism of the noble gas fractionation, conditioned by the different acceleration of ions during the passage of strong shock waves, is considered; some inferences are discussed.

Valter A. A. Gurskij D. S. Erjomenko G. K. Distribution of Impact Diamond in the Belilovka (Zapadnaja) Astrobleme on Ukrainian Shield [#1215] Layer suevites and vein impactites with glass matrix (tagamites) appear to be diamondiferous with average (and maximum) content of diamond grails (>50 mcm) correspondingly (in carat per ton): 1.2(14) and 4.7(38.1).

Valter A. A. Oleynic H. S. Fisenko A. V. Semenova L. F. Electron Microscopy Evidences of Novo Urei Diamond Nature [#1075] By electron mictro diffraction study and by comparison with experimentaly obtained and natural diamond, the Novo Urei diamond concluded to be form upon graphite by martenzite like transformation probably under the condition of grate scale impact.

Velbel M.A. Relative Accessibility of CM Chondrite Matrix, Rims, and Chondrule Mesostasis to Aqueous Alteration: Inferences from Terrestrial Weathering of EET 92005 [#1681] The weathering front in Antarctic CM chondrite EET 92005 penetrates farther into chondrule mesostasis than into matrix or chondrule rims. Preferential alteration of chondrule interiors can post-date chondrule incorporation into rim or matrix.

Velikodsky Yu. I. Akimov L.A. Korokhin V. V. Two-Parameter Empirical Photometric Function in Analysis of Earth-based Observations of the Moon [#1391] Improved empirical Akimov's formula is presented. This photometric function gives a good fit to Earth-based and Clementine observational data. An influence of albedo and relief on the disk brightness distribution is discussed.

Vid'machenko A. P. Variations of the Reflective Characteristics of Jupiter's Atmosphere [#1060] Analysis oflong-term photometrical data of Jupiter integral brightness in visible light is carried out. Periods of 22.3-years magnetic cycle, of 11.1-years solar activity, of double orbital and orbital periods (11.86 years), and period about 180 years are found out.

Vis R. D. Heymann D. A Novel Search for Q [#1013] Q is the carbonaceous carrier phase of the trapped planetary noble gases in meteorites. Until now it has mainly been studied in a destructive mode, i.e., treatments with stongly oxidizing chemicals such as hot concentrated nitric acid.

Wang M.-S. Lipschutz M. E. Thermally Labile Trace Elements in Enstatite Meteorites [#1029] RNAA data for Bi, In and Tl in 30 E3-6 chondrites accord well with trends for heated Abee (EH4) suggesting that all EH and EL samples reflect open-system, post-accretionary heating, independent of siderophile content or recovery location.

WarrenP. H. Bulk Composition of the Moon as Constrained by Lunar Prospector Th Data, I/. Inferences Regarding the Deeper Crust and Whole Moon [#2082] By assessing the distribution of Th in and around craters as measured by the Lunar Prospector GRS, I show that the crust tends to be less Th-rich at depth than the surface composition.

31st LPSC Program 145 Wasson J. T. Richardson J. W. IVA Irons: New Data Set, Lower Solid/Liquid Partition Ratios than in Group IIIAB [#1852] Ir-Au and Ir-As slopes are much lower for IVA than for HIAB irons. Although DAu was similar during IIIAB and IV A crystallization, Dir and DAs were much lower in the IVA magma. Initial S and P contents a ppear to have been much lower in the IVA magma.

Watson J. K. Cabrol N. A. Grin E. A. Characterization a/Terrestrial Analog Sites for Mars Mission Engineering Development Activities [#1455] We describe the effort initiated to allow the development community to identify and select which location is most appropriate to support specific activities related to Mars exploration.

Watters T. R. Robinson M.S. Topographic Studies of Wrinkle Ridges: The Significance of Elevation Offsets [#1879] MOLA profiles from SP0-1 and SP0-2 that cross wrinkle ridges are examined for evidence of elevation offsets. Results suggest some elevation offsets may be due to regional slope rather than the localized surface manifestation of a thrust fault.

Weidenschilling S. J. Davis D. R. After Oligarchy Comes Chaos: From the Middle to Late Stage of Planetary Accretion [#1685] Nebular gas drag is effective at stabilizing a system of growing planetary embryos; its removal triggers chaos and crossing orbits.

Wilson T. L. Pinsky L. S. MacGibbon J. H. Monte Carlo Study for Planetary Exploration [#1382] Preliminary results from an ongoing study of radiation albedo backgrounds for planetary regoliths is presented. It utilizes a new Monte-Carlo package based upon the melding together of two existing codes evolving at CERN known as FLUKA and ROOT.

Wright I. P. Morgan G. H. Praine I. J. Morse A. D. Leigh D. Pillinger C. T. Beagle 2 and the Search for Organic Compounds on Mars Using GAP [#1573] The Gas Analysis Package (GAP) on Beagle 2, the lander of Mars Express, will search for signs of organic materials on Mars. Using stepped combustion/mass spectrometry, all forms of carbon in surface samples will be studied (quantitatively and isotopically).

Yada T. Kojima H. The Collection of Micrometeorites from Bare Ice of the Yamato Mts. in Antarctica in Austral Summer of 1998 [#1528] We collected Antarctic micrometeorites (AMMs) by melting -40 tons of bare ice around the Yamato Mts. in austral summer of 1998. A total number of AMMs of 40-100 {.lm fraction is estimated as -3000.

Yanai K. Achondrite Polymict Breccia 1153: A New Lunar Meteorite Classified to Anorthositic Regolith Breccia [#1101] Over 16 meteorites have been identified as lunar origin, such as the first lunar meteorite Y -791197, ALHA 81005 and many others from Antarctica and Calcalong Greek in Australia. Recently specimen 1153 has been identified and classified as a lunar meteorite.

Zeigler R. A. Jolliff B. L. Korotev R. L. Haskin L. A. Petrology and Geochemistry of an Unusual Ferroan Anorthositic-Troctolite Assemblage from Apollo 16 [#1623] A fragment of ferroan anorthositic troctolite was found in soil from the Cayley Plains, Apollo 16. An assemblage of magnesian olivine, orthopyroxene, troilite, and Fe metal replaced primary ferroan olivine via sulfide alteration and Fe reduction.

146 31st LPSC Program Zent A. P. Quinn R. C. Grunthaner F. J. Beuhler M. Mars Oxidant Instrument (MOl): An In-Situ Heterogeneous Chemistry Analysis [#1886] An instrument designed to characterize interfacial oxidants of the martian soil has been developed. It relies on controlling the chemical ambient while exposing the soil to well-characterized thin films, and sounding their electrical resistivity.

Zinovieva N. G. Mitreikina O. B. Granovsky L. B. Origin of Jadeite-Ureyite-bearing Pyroxene in Ordinary Chondrite: Evidence for Significant Pressure in the Parental Bodies [#1064] The crystallization of unusual, ureyite- and jadeite-rich pyroxene in the chondrules of ordinary chondrites is demonstrated to be indicative of significant pressures in the parental bodies.

31st LPSC Program 147

* Denotes speaker

AUTHOR INDEX

Abdrakhimov A. M. Planetary Interior. .. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Antonenko I. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL AbeY. New Views of the Moon I, Tue, a.m., Rrn. A Antreasian P. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C AbeY. New Views ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Arends H. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL AbellP. A* Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rrn. B Arkani-Hamed J. New Views ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL AbellP. A. Small Body ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Arkani-Hamed J. Venus Geophysics ... , Thu, p.m., Rm. A Abshire J. B. Mars Geophysics, Mon, p.m., Rm. C Armstrong R. A. Impact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D AcunaM. H.* NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Arnold G. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL AcunaM. H. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL AmoldJ. R. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C AcunaM. H. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B AmoultK. M. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL AdamsP. M. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Artemieva N. A. Impact Theory ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL AdlerM. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Artemieva N. A. Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A Agee C. B. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Arvidson R. E. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Agnor C. B.* Origins of Planet. Sys., Wed, p.m., Rm. D Arvidson R. E. Mars Mapping Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Agosto B. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Arvidson R. E. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Agresti D. G. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Arvidson R. E. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Aharonson O. Mars Geophysics, Mon, p.m., Rm. C AshR. D. Chemistry and Physics, Mon. a.m., Rm. B Aharonson O. Even Mars ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL AshR. D. CAis, Condensation... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Ahrens T. J. Impact I, Mon, a.m., Rm. D Ash R. D.* Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m., Rm. B AiouazT. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D Asher D. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Aittola M. E. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL AsherP. M. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Akimov L.A. Print-Only Presentations AsherP. M. Print -Only Presentations Akiyama H. Print-Only Presentations Aslanian S. Surface Processes Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Albarede F. Print-Only Presentations AsphaugE.* Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rrn. B Albee A. L.* Mars Geophysics, Mon, p.m., Rm. C Assonov S. S. Print-Only Presentations Albert F. G. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Aubert D. Stardust: Collected, ... ,Wed, a.m., Rrn. D Albin E. F. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL AvciR. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rrn. C A!eon J. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Babkin F. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Alexander C. M. O'D. Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m., Rm. B Babkin F. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Alexander C. M. O'D. Chemistry and Physics, Mon. a.m., Rm. B Backes P. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Alexander C. M. O'D. Martian Meteorites II, Mon, p.m., Rm. A Bada J. L. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Alexander C. M. O'D* Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m., Rm. B Bada J. L. Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C Alexeev V. A. Print-Only Presentations Badjukov D. D. Print-Only Presentations Alger D. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D Badyukov D. D. Shock Processes ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Allegre c. J. Achondrite Potpourri, Tue, a.m., Rm. D Baglioni P. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL AllemandP. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Bahlburg H. Print-Only Presentations Allen C. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B BaileyS. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Allen C.* Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C BaileyS. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Allen C. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Baker D. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Allen J. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Baker L. L. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Alleyne H. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Baker L. L. Martian Magnetics Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Allie M.S. Cosmogenic Nuclides Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Baker V. R.* Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rm. C Alpert A. J* Impact I, Mon, a.m., Rm. D BakerY. R. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Amari S. Print-Only Presentations BakerY. R. Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A AmariS.* Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rm. A BakerY. R. Angry Red Planet Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Amelin Y* Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A BakerY. R. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Ames D. E.* Impact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D BalmeM. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL AMICA Science Team Print-Only Presentations BalminoG. Mars Geophysics, Mon, p.m., Rm. C Amils R. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Baloga S. B. Planetary Volcanism ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. D Anderson B. J. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C BalogaS. M. Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Anderson E. K. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Baloga S. M* Planetary Volcanism ... , Fri, a.m., Rrn. D Anderson F. S* Mars Geophysics, Mon, p.m., Rm. C Banaszkiewicz M. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Anderson F. S. Mars: Troughs, Tectonics ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. C Bandari E. B. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Anderson F. S * Venus Geophysics ... , Thu, p.m., Rm. A Bandfield J. Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A Anderson J. L. B * Impact I, Mon, a.m., Rm. D Bandfield 1* Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rm. D Anderson J. L. B. Impact Theory ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Bandfield J. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Anderson R. C. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Banerdt B. Mars Geophysics, Mon, p.m., Rm. C Anderson R. C* Mars: Troughs, Tectonics ... ,Wed, a.m., Rm. C Banerdt W. B. Mars, Mon, a.m., Rm. C Anderson R. C. Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A Banerdt W. B.* Mars Geophysics, Mon, p.m., Rm. C Anderson R. C. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Barabash S. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Anderson R. C. Angry Red Planet Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL BarlowN. G. Holey Mars! Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Anderson R. C. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Barnett D. N. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL AndreN. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Bamouin-Jha O. S* Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B Anicich V. G. Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B Bamouin-Jha O. S. NEAR Relations Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Antoine L.A. G. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Bamouin-Jha O. S. Surface Processes Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL

31st LPSC Program Index 149 Barraclough B. L. Lunar Composition ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B Bhandari N. Achondrite Potpourri, Tue, a.m., Rm. D Barriot J. P. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Bhandari N. Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A Barsukova L. D. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL BhangooJ. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Barsukova L. D. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Bibring J-P. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Basilevsky A. T. Mars Mapping Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL BienhoffD. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Basilevsky A. T* Venus Geophysics ... , Thu, p.m., Rm. A Bierhaus E. B. Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Basilevsky A. T. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Bills B. G. Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Basilevsky A. T. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Binder A. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Basilevsky A. T. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Binder A. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Basiuk V. A. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Binder A. Lunar Composition ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B Basiuk V. A. Surface Processes Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Binns P. J. Cosmogenic Nuclides Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL BasnarB. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D Binzel R. P. Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B Basu A.* Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Birch B. Print-Only Presentations Basu A. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Birck J. L. Achondrite Potpourri, Tue, a.m., Rm. D Basu A. Print-Only Presentations Bischoff A. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Baudenbacher F. J. Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C Bischoff A. Print-Only Presentations Bauer J. Iron Meteorites, Mon, p.m., Rm. A Bishop J. * Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B Baumgardner J. R. Holey Mars! Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Bishop J. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Baumgartner E. T. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Bishop J. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Baumgartner E. T. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Bissada K. K. A. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C BaurH. Print-Only Presentations Bjoraker G. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Bazylinski D. A. Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C Blacic J.D. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Becker H.* Iron Meteorites, Mon, p.m., Rm. A Black D. C. Origins of Planet. Sys., Wed, p.m., Rm. D Becker L.* Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A Blanco A. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Becker L. Print -Only Presentations BlandP. A. Achondrite Potpourri Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL BeckerT. Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D BlandP. A* Origins ofChondritic Metal, Thu, p.m., Rm. B BeckerT. L. Mars Mapping Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Bland P. A. New Meteorites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL BeechM. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Blaney D.* Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B Beegle L. W. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Blaney D. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Beegle L. W. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Bleacher 1. E* Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rm. C BehnkeT. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL B leamaster L. F. III Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Bell J. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL BleckaM. I. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Bell J. F. III Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B Blewett D. T. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Bell J. F. III* NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Blewett D. T.* Lunar Composition ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B Bell J. F. III Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Blewett D. T. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Bell J. F. III NEAR Relations Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Blewett D. T. Print-Only Presentations Bell J. F. III Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Blichert-Toft J. Print-Only Presentations Bell J. F. III Small Body ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Blue J. Print-Only Presentations BellM. E. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C BobinaN. N. Print-Only Presentations BellM. E. NEAR Relations Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Boctor N. Z. * Martian Meteorites II, Mon, p.m., Rm. A BellM. S. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL BadeR. C. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL BellM. S.* Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m .. Rm. C Bodnar R. J. Ordinary Chondrites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Bellucci G. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Bogard D. Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A Belton M. J. S. Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B Bogard D.* Dating the Moon: Impact ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B Belton M. J. S. Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Bogard D. Cosmogenic Nuclides Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Benedix G. K* Chemistry and Physics, Mon, a.m., Rm. B Bogard D. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Bennett G. Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Boggs D. H. New Views of the Moon II, Tue, p.m., Rm. A Benoit P. H. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Bogillo V.I. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Benoit P. H. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Bondarenko N. V. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Benoit P. H. Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed. p.m., Rm. A BonettD. M. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Benoit P. H. Ordinary Chondrites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Bonnefoy N. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Benoit P. H. Print-Only Presentations Bonnin-Mosbah M. Carbonaceous .. _ Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Benson R. C. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Borg J. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D Berczi Sz. Achondrite Potpourri Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Borg J. Stardust ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Berczi Sz. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Borg L. Dating the Moon: Impact ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B Berczi Sz. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Borg L. E.* Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A Berczi Sz. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Borgia A* Planetary Volcanism ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. D Beres Cs. Z. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Borisov A. Print-Only Presentations Berkley 1. L* Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A Borosio A. Mars: Troughs, Tectonics ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. C Berman D.C. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Bos B. J. Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B Berman D. C. Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A Boss A. P* Origins of Planet. Sys., Wed, p.m., Rm. D Bematowicz T. Chemistry and Physics, Mon, a.m., Rm. B Botta O. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Bernatowicz T. * Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rm. A Botta O. * Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C Bernhard R. P. Print-Only Presentations BottkeW. Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A Bertka C. M. Planetary Interior Processes, Mon, p.m., Rm. D Bottke W.* Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B BertkaC. M. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL BottkeW. Small Body ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Besmehn A* Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rm. A Bougher S. W. Mars Meteorology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Beuhler M. Print-Only Presentations Bourke M. Surface Processes Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Beyer R. A.* Mars: Troughs, Tectonics ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. C BourkeM.* Mars, Mon, a.m., Rm. C BeyerR. A. Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rm. D BouwmanJ. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D

150 31st LPSC Program Index BowdenE* Impact I, Mon, a.m., Rm. D Burr D. M.* Mars, Mon, a.m., Rrn. C BowmanJ. D. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Burrett C. F. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Boyce J. M.* Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A BusS. J. Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B Boynton W. V. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Busarev V. V. Print-Only Presentations Boynton W. V. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Buseck P.R. Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A Boynton W. V. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Buseck P.R. Origins of Chondritic Metal, Thu, p.m., Rrn. B Brack A. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Busemann H* Achondrite Potpourri, Tue, a.m., Rm. D Bradley B. A. Mars: Other Red ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Bussey D. B. J. Lunar Composition ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B Bradley J. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Bussey D. B. J. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Bradley J. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D Buthelezi Z. Cosmogenic Nuclides Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Brakenridge G. R. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Buthman D. B. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Brandon A. D.* Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A Butterworth A. L. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Brandstiitter F. Shock Processes ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Byrnes J. M. Surface Processes Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Brandstiitter F. Print-Only Presentations CabroiN. A* Mars, Mon, a.m., Rrn. C Brandstatter F. Surface Processes Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL CabrolN. A. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Brandstatter F. Iron Meteorites, Mon, p.m., Rm. A CabrolN. A. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Braun L. R. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL CabrolN. A. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Brearley A. J* Chemistry and Physics, Mon, a.m., Rm. B Cabral N. A. Print-Only Presentations Brearley A. J. CAis, Condensation... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL CaffeeM. W. Achondrite Potpourri Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Brearley A. 1.* Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C CaffeeM. W* Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A Breneman H. H. Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B CaffeeM. W. New Meteorites Posters, Tbu, p.m., UHCL Brenneman H. Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Calaway W. F. Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rrn. A Brian A. W. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Campbell A. 1.* Origins of Chondritic Metal, Thu, p.m., Rrn. B Brian A. W. Print-Only Presentations Campbell B. A. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Bridges J. C* Martian Meteorites II, Mon, p.m., Rm. A Campbell B. A. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Bridges J. C. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Campbell D. B. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Bridges J. C. Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A Campbell D. B. Print-Only Presentations Bridges N. T* Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B Carny-Peyret C. Print-Only Presentations Bridges N. T. Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rm. C CanupR. M.* Origins of Planet. Sys., Wed, p.m., Rm. D Bridges N. T. Mars: Other Red ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Carcich B. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rrn. C Bridges N. T. Surface Processes Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Carcich B. NEAR Relations Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Briggs G. A. Mars Mapping Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Carlson R. W. Chemistry and Physics, Mon, a.m., Rm. B BrinckerhoffW. B. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Carlson R. W. Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rrn. B Brissaud O. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Carlson R. W. Iron Meteorites, Mon, p.m., Rrn. A Britt D. T* Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B CarrM. H. Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rrn. C Brooks F. D. Cosmogenic Nuclides Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL CarusoP. Even Mars ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Brooks S. M. Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Casanova I. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Brown C. D. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Casanova I. Print-Only Presentations BrownR. H. Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B Cassen P* Chemistry and Physics, Mon, a.m., Rrn. B BrownR. H. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Castracane J. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL BrownR. H. Small Body ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL CastroS. K Mars Mapping Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL BrowningR. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Cataldo F. Print-Only Presentations Brownlee D. E.* Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D Cataldo V. Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Bruckner J. Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B Cataldo V. Print-Only Presentations Bruckner J. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C CatlingD* Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rrn. B Buchanan P. C. Asteroids and Cornets, Tue, p.m., Rrn. B Cech V. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Buchanan P. C. Achondrite Potpourri Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL ChabotN. Print-Only Presentations Buchanan P. C. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Chafetz H. S. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Buchanan P. C. New Meteorites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Chafetz H. S. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Buffler A. Cosmogenic Nuclides Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL ChamotJ. A. Ordinary Chondrites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Bukovanska M. Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A Chang S. Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rrn. C Bukovanska M. Print-Only Presentations Chapman C. R. * NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rrn. C Bullock M. A.* Venus Geophysics ... , Thu, p.m., Rm. A Chapman C. R. NEAR Relations Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL BulmerM.H. Surface Processes Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Chapman C. R. Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Buhner M. H.* Planetary Volcanism ... , Fri, a.m., Rrn. D Chapman M. G.* Mars, Mon, a.m., Rrn. C Bunch T. E. Impact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D Chardon D. Martian Magnetics Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Bunch T. E. Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A Chaussidon M. Chemistry and Physics, Mon, a.m., Rrn. B Bunch T. E. Print-Only Presentations Chaussidon M. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL _ Bunopas S. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Chaussidon M. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Burba G. A. Print-Only Presentations Chaussidon M. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Burbine T. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Chaussidon M. Print-Only Presentations Burbine T.* Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rrn. B ChazeyW. New Views of the Moon I, Tue, a.m., Rm. A Burchell M. J. Impact I, Mon, a.m., Rm. D Chen J. H.* Iron Meteorites, Mon, p.m., Rrn. A Burchell M. J. Stardust ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Chen J. H.* Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A BurgdorfM. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rrn. B ChenM. Shock_Processes ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Burgess R.* Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A Cheng A. F.* NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rrn. C Burnett D. S. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Cheng A. F. NEAR Relations Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Burnett D. S. Refractory Inclusions, Wed, a.m., Rrn. A Cheng A. F. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Burnett D. S. Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A Cheng A. F. Surface Processes Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Burnett D. S. Cosmogenic Nuclides Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL ChesleyS. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rrn. C

31st LPSC Program Index 151 Chevrel S. D. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Cook A. C. Mars Mapping Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Chicarro A. F. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Cook A. C. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Chikami J. Print-Only Presentations Cook A. C. Mars: Troughs, Tectonics ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. C ChioC. H. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Cook A. C. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Chizmadia L. J. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Cook A. G. Mars Mapping Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Chizmadia L. J. Print-Only Presentations Cook D. L.* Iron Meteorites, Mon, p.m., Rm. A Christensen P.* Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A Coombs J. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Christensen P. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Coombs J. Print-Only Presentations Christensen P. Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rm. D Cooper B. L. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Christensen P. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Cooper C. D* Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B Christensen P. Print-Only Presentations Cooper C. D. Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rm. D Christensen P. M'.lrs Surface: Remote ... , Fri. a.m., Rm. B Cooper G. Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C Christon A. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Cooper J. B. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Chuang F. C. Europa Posters. Thu, p.m., UHCL Cormier M.-H. Mars: Troughs, Tectonics ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. C Chun J. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Cornish T. J. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL ChybaC. F. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Corrigan C. M. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL ChybaC. F. Europa, Thu, p.m., Rm. C Cosarinsky M. Ordinary Chondrites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL CidA. Print-Only Presentations CraddockR. Holey Mars! Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Ciesla F. J* Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m., Rm. B Craddock R. Mars Mapping Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Ciesla F. J.* Planetary Volcanism .... Fri, a.m., Rm. D Craddock R. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Clark B. C. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Craddock R. * Mars: Lumps, Bumps, ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. C Clark B. E. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Craddock R. Mars: Other Red ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Clark B. E. NEAR Relations Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Crawford D. A* Impact I, Mon, a.m., Rm. D ClarkP. E. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Cremers D. A. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL ClarkP. E. Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B Cressey G. New Meteorites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL ClarkP. E. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Cresswell R. G. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B ClarkP. E. NEAR Relations Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Crider D. H. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL ClarkP. E. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Crisp J. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL ClarkR. N. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Crisp J. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B ClarkR. N. Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rm. D Crisp J. Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B ClarkeJ. T. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Crisp J. Planetary Volcanism ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. D Clayton D. D* Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rm. A CroftS. K. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Clayton R.N. Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B Croskell M.S. Terrestrial hnpact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Clayton R. N. Achondrite Potpourri, Tue, a.m., Rm. D Crowley T. K. Europa Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Clayton R.N. New Meteorites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Crown, A. Mars Mapping Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Clayton R. N. Print-Only Presentations Crown D. A. Surface Processes Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Clayton R. N. Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rm. A Crozaz G* Martian Meteorites I. Mon, a.m., Rm. A Clemett S. J. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Crumpler L. S. Print-Only Presentations Clemett S. J * Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C Cudnik B. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Clifford S.M. Mars, Mon, a.m., Rm. C CurtisS. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Cloutis E. A. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Cuzzi J. Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m., Rm. B Cloutis E. A. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Cuzzi J. Origins of Chondri tic Metal, Thu, p.m., Rm. B Cloutis E. A. Print-Only Presentations d'Hendecourt L. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D Cloutis E. A.* Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B d'Hendecourt L. Stardust ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Cockell C. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL DahlJ. M* Impact I, Mon, a.m., Rm. D Cockell C. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL DaiW. Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B Coffield J. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Dandy C. L. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL CohenB* Origins ofChondritic Metal, Thu, p.m., Rm. B Dann J. C. Martian Meteorites II, Mon, p.m., Rm. A Cohen B. A. Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B Dartois E. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D Cohen B. A. Shock Processes ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Davies A. G* Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B Cohen B. A* Dating the Moon: hnpact ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B Davis A.M. Refractory Inclusions, Wed, a.m., Rm. A Cohen B. A. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Davis A.M. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL CohenJ. Print-Only Presentations Davis A.M. Print-Only Presentations CohenJ. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Davis A. M* Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rm. A CokerR. F. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Davis D. R. Print-Only Presentations ColeT. D. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Daydou Y. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Collins G. Galileo at Jo, Mon, p.m., Rm. B de Graauw T. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Collins G. Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL De Hon R. A.* Mars, Mon, a.m., Rm. C Collins G.* Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D DeLeeuw J. W. Print-Only Presentations Collins G. Print-Only Presentations Deardorff D. G. Mars Mapping Posters. Tue, p.m., UHCL Collins G. S.* Impact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D Deb P. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL ColsonR. O. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Deboffle D. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D ColsonR. O. Print-Only Presentations DeCarli P. S. Impact I, Mon, a.m., Rm. D Coltress B. G. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Delaney J. S. Martian Meteorites II, Mon, p.m., Rm. A CombieJ. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Delaney J. S* Achondrite Potpourri, Tue, a.m., Rm. D Comstock J. M. Terrestrial hnpact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Delaney J. S. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Connolly H. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Delaney J. S. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Connolly H. C. Jr.* Refractory Inclusions, Wed, a.m., Rm. A Demets R. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Connolly H. C. Jr.* Origins of Chondri tic Metal, Thu, p.m., Rm. B DemuraH. Print-Only Presentations Consolmagno G. J. Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B DemykK. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D

152 31st LPSC Program Index Den Hartog D. J. Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m., Rm. B Economou T. E. Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B DenkT.* Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Economou T. E. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Denk T. Print-Only Presentations EdgettK. Mars: Lumps, Bumps, ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. C Denyer I. Achondrite Potpourri Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL EdgettK. Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A DeschM. D. Mars Meteorology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Edgett K. Mars, Mon, a.m., Rm. C Desch S. J* Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m., Rm. B Edgett K. Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rm. C Desch S. J. Origins of Chondritic Metal, Thu, p.m., Rm. B Edgett K. * Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rm. D Desnoyers D. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Edgett K. Mars: Other Red ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL DeStefano A. L. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Edgett K. Print-Only Presentations Deutsch A.* Impact I, Mon, a.m., Rm. D Edwards H. G. M. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Deutsch A. Impact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D Egan S. S. Venus Geophysics ... , Thu, p.m., Rm. A Deutsch A. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Egan S. S. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Deutsch A. Stardust: Collected, .. :, Wed, a.m., Rrn. D Ehrenfreund P. Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C Deutsch A. Print-Only Presentations EilerJ. M* Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rrn. D eli TadaM. L. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Ekholm A. G. Even Mars ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Dickey J. O. New Views of the Moon II, Tue, p.m., Rm. A El Goresy A. Shock Processes ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Dietrich W. Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B Eliason E. M. Print-Only Presentations Dikov Yu. P. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Elphic R. C. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Dikov Yu. P. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Elphic R. C* Lunar Composition ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B DikovYu. P. Print-Only Presentations ElyJ.C. Planetary Interior Processes, Mon, p.m., Rm. D Di6sy T. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Ely J. C. New Views of the Moon II, Tue, p.m., Rm. A DohrnJ. M. Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rm. C Encrenaz Th. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rrn. B DohrnJ. M. Mars: Troughs, Tectonics ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. C Eng P. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL DohrnJ. M.* Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A Eng P. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D DohrnJ. M. Angry Red Planet Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Erard S. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL DohmJ. M. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Erard S.* Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Dolin S. P. Print-Only Presentations Erfurth W. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D Dollfus A. Print-Only Presentations Erjomenko G. K. Print -Only Presentations Dombard A. J. * Venus Geophysics ... , Thu, p.m., Rm. A ErnstR. E. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Domergue-Schmidt N. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Ertel W* Planetary Interior Processes, Mon, p.m., Rm. D Domergue-Schmidt N. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Esposito L. W. Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Domingue D. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Esquerdo G. A. Holey Mars! Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Domingue D. NEAR Relations Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Eugster O. * Achondrite Potpourri, Tue, a.m., Rm. D Domingue D. Surface Processes Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Evans L. G. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C DonGy. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Evans L. G. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Donegan S. J. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Fabriczy A. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Dones L. Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A Fagan T. J.* Refractory Inclusions, Wed, a.m., Rm. A Dones L. Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Fagan T. J. Enstatite Chondrites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Doose L. R. Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rm. D Fagents S. A. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL DoudaJ. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Fagents S. A.* Planetary Volcanism ... , Fri, a.m., Rrn. D Doute S* Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B Farmer J. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Doute s. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Farmer J. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B DrabekM. Iron Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Farmer J. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Drake M. J. Planetary Interior Processes, Mon, p.m., Rm. D Farmer J. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Draper D. S. Planetary Interior. .. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Farqhuar R. W. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Draper D. S. Surface Processes Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Farquhar J. Chemistry and Physics, Mon, a.m., Rm. B Dreibus G.* Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B Farquhar J* Martian Meteorites II, Mon, p.m., Rm. A Dressler B. O. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rrn. C Farrand W. Print-Only Presentations Drolshagen G. Stardust ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Farrand W. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Dromrner B. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Farrand W. Angry Red Planet Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Dufek J. D* Venus Geophysics ... , Thu, p.m., Rm. A Farrell W. M. Mars Meteorology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL DukeM. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Fegley B. Jr. Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Dunham C. D. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Fegley B. Jr. Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Dunham D. W. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Fegley B. Jr. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Dunham D. W. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Fehringer M. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Dunkin S. K. Impact Theory ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL FeiY* Planetary Interior Processes, Mon, p.m., Rm. D Dunkin S. K. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Fel'dman V.I. Print -Only Presentations Dunkin S. K. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Feldman W. C. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Dunkin S. K. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Feldman W. C. Lunar Composition ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B Dunkin S. K. Print -Only Presentations Fenton L. K.* Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rm. D Dusenbery P. B. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Ferguson D. C. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Dussaud E. A. Ordinary Chondrites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Ferguson F. Presolar Grains Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Duxbury T. C. Mars Geophysics, Mon, p.m., Rm. C FerkoT. E* Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A Dworetzky S. C. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Fernandes V. A. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL DyarM. D* Martian Meteorites II, Mon, p.m., Rm. A Fernandez-Remolar D. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL DyarM. D. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Ferris M. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL DyarM.D. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Festou M. C. Small Body ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL DypvikH* Impact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D Fieni c. Origins ofChondritic Metal, Thu, p.m., Rm. B EbelD. S.* Refractory Inclusions, Wed, a.m., Rm. A FieniC. Shock Processes ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Ebihara M. New Meteorites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Fifield K. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B

31st LPSC Program Index 153 Figueredo P. H* Europa, Thu, p.m., Rm. C Galileo SSI Team Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Figueredo P. H. Mars: Other Red ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Galileo SSI Team Europa, Thu, p.m., Rm. C Figueredo P. H. Europa Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Galileo SSI Team Europa Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Fiksel G. Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m., Rm. B Galileo SSI Team Print-Only Presentations FilyM. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Galimov E. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL FinkJ. H. Planetary Volcanism ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. D Galindo C. Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B Finnegan D. C. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Galizinskaya A. Kh. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Fioretti A. M. * Achondrite Potpouni, Tue, a.m., Rm. D Galizinskaya A. Kh. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Fioretti A. M. Print-Only Presentations Galkin I. N. New Views ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Fisenko A. V. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Gallina R. Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rm. A Fisenko A. V. Print-Only Presentations Galuszka D. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Fisenko A. V. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Galvez J. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Fishbaugh K. E.* Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rm. C Galy A* Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m., Rm. B Fishbaugh K. E. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Gamburtsev A. G. New Views ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Fishbaugh K. E. Print-Only Presentations Garel E. Mars: Troughs, Tectonics ... , Wed, a.m Rm. C Fisher D. E. Print-Only Presentations Garneau S* Mars: Lumps, Bumps, ... , Wed, p.m., RnL C Fitzsimmons A. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Garner J. R. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Floden A.M. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Garrison D. Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A Floden A.M. Print-Only Presentations Garrison D. Dating the Moon: Impact ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B Floss C* Chemistry and Physics, Man, a.m., Rm. B Garrison D. Cosmogenic Nuclides Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Floss C* Achondrite Potpouni, Tue, a.m., Rm. D Garrison D. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Floss C. CA!s, Condensation ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Garry J. R. C. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Floss C. Stardust: Collected, ... ,Wed, a.m., Rm. D Garry J. R. C. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL FloydS. R. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Garvin J. B. Mars Geophysics, Man, p.m., Rm. C Flynn G. J. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Garvin J. B. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Flynn G. J* Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D Garvin J. B. Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rm. C Flynn G. J* Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Garvin J. B. Mars: Lumps, Bumps, ... ,Wed, p.m., Rm. C Flynn G. 1. Presolar Grains Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Garvin 1. B.* Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A Flynn G. J. Stardust ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL GarvinJ. B. Angry Red Planet Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Fogel R. A* Achondrite Potpouni, Tue, a.m., Rm. D Garvin J. B. Holey Mars! Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL FoingB. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Gasnault O. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Fokkens R. Print-Only Presentations Gasnault O. Lunar Composition ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B Foley C. N* Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B Gastineau H. K* Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B Ponti S. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Gauthier M. * Venus Geophysics ... , Thu, p.m., Rm. A Ford J. C. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Gavira J. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Forney P. B. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Gazis P. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Forsberg N. K. Mars: Other Red ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Geissler P. Europa, Thu, p.m., Rm. C Foster D. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Geissler P. Print-Only Presentations Franchi I. A. Achondrite Potpouni, Tue, a.m., Rm. D Geissler P* Galileo at Io, Man, p.m., Rm. B Franchi I. A. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Genetay I. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Franchi I. A. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL GengeM. J. New Meteorites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Franchi I. A. Print-Only Presentations Genge M. J. Stardust ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL FrankeL. Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A Gerasimov M. V. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Frankenberger R. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Gerasimov M. V. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Frawley J. J* Mars: Lumps, Bumps, ... ,Wed, p.m., Rrn. C GezoJ. C* Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D Frawley J. 1. Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A GhailR. C* Venus Geophysics ... , Thu, p.m., Rm. A Freeman B. A. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rrn. C Ghail R. C. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Frey H. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Ghosh A.* Origins of Planet. Sys., Wed, p.m., Rm. D Frey H* Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A Gibson E. K. Jr. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Frey H. Holey Mars! Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Gibson E. K. Jr. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Frey H. Mars Geophysics, Man, p.m., Rm. C Gibson E. K. Jr. Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C Frey S. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Gibson E. K. Jr. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Frey S. Lunar Composition ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B Gibson E. K. Jr* Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A Friedrich J. M. Ordinary Chondrites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Gibson E. K. Jr. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Fukuyama S. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Gibson H. L. Impact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D Funaki M. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Giguere T. A. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Gaddis L. R. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Giles B. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Gaddis L. R. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Gillet P. Print-Only Presentations Gaddis L. R. Print-Only Presentations Gillis J. J.* New Views of the Moon II, Tue, p.m., Rm. A Gaetani G. Planetary Interior Processes, Man, p.m., Rm. D Gillis J. J. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL GaffeyM. J. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Gillis J. J. Lunar Composition ... ,Wed, p.m., Rm. B GaffeyM. J* Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B Gillis J. J. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Gaffey M. J. NEAR Relations Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Gillis J. J. Print-Only Presentations Gaffey M. J. Small Body ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Gilmore M. S* Mars: Troughs, Tectonics ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. C Gaidos E. J. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Gilmore M. S. Martian Magnetics Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Gai-S6Iymos K. Achondrite Potpouni Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Gilmour I. Print-Only Presentations Galileo Imaging Team Galileo at Io, Man, p.m., Rm. B Gilmour I.* Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C Galileo Imaging Team Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Gilmour J. D* Martian Meteorites I, Man, a.m., Rm. A Galileo NIMS Team Galileo at Io, Man, p.m., Rm. B Gilmour J.D. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Galileo SSI Team Galileo at Io, Man, p.m., Rm. B Gilmour J.D. Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A

154 31st LPSC Program Index Gimesi L. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Greeley R. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Ginsberg S. B. Planetary Interior. .. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Greeley R. Europa Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Giogini J. D. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Greeley R. Surface Processes Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Gladman B. Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B Greeley R. Print-Only Presentations Gladman B. Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A GreeleyR. Planetary Volcanism ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. D Gladstone G. R. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Greenberg R. * Europa, Thu, p.m., Rm. C Glanzberg H* Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Greenberg R. Print-Only Presentations Glass B. P. Impact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D Greenwood J.P. Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A Glass B. P. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Greenwood J.P. Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A Glavin D.P. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Greenwood J.P. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Glavin D.P. Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C Greenwood J. P* Refractory Inclusions, Wed, a.m., Rm. A Glaze L. S* Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Greenwood J. P. Ordinary Chondrites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Glaze L. S. Planetary Volcanism ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. D Gregg T. K. P* Mars: Lumps, Bumps, ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. C Glenar D. A. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Gregg T. K. P.* Planetary Volcanism ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. D Goettlicher J. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D Greshake A.* Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A Gold R. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Greshake A. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Golden D. C. Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B Greshake A. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D Golden D. C. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Grey I. D. S. Impact I, Mon, a.m., Rm. D Golden D. C. Print-Only Presentations Grier J. A* Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Golden D. C. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Grier J. A. Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A Golden D. C. Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C Grier J. A. Holey Mars! Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Goldstein J. I. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Grieve R. A. F. Impact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D Goles G. G. Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A Grieve R. A. F. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL GolombekM. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Griffin C. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C GolombekM. Mars Meteorology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Griffin C. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL GolombekM. Mars: Other Red ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL GrimmR. E. Martian Magnetics Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL GolombekM. Mars Geophysics, Mon, p.m., Rm. C Grin E. A. Mars, Mon, a.m., Rm. C Golombek M. * Mars: Troughs, Tectonics ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. C Grin E. A. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Goltz D. M. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Grin E. A. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Goltz D. M. Print-Only Presentations Grin E. A. Print-Only Presentations Golubeva L. F. Print-Only Presentations Grinspoon D. H. Venus Geophysics ... , Thu, p.m., Rm. A Gondet B. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Grocholski A. J. Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Goodrich C. A.* Achondrite Potpourri, Tue, a.m., Rm. D Groebner N.J. Planetary Interior. .. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Goodrich C. A. Print-Only Presentations GromovM. D. Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rm. A Gorenstein P. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Grosfils E. B. Even Mars ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Goreva J. S.* Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A Grosfils E. B. Mars: Other Red ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Goswami J. N. Achondrite Potpourri, Tue, a.m., Rm. D Grosfils E. B. Holey Mars! Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Goswami J. N. Print-Only Presentations Grosfils E. B. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Gotwols B. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Grosfils E. B. Print-Only Presentations GouletM. R. Europa, Thu, p.m., Rm. C Grossman J. N * Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m., Rm. B GradyM. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Grossman J. N. Print-Only Presentations GradyM. Martian Meteorites II, Mon, p.m., Rm. A Grossman L. Refractory Inclusions, Wed, a.m., Rm. A GradyM. Achondrite Potpourri, Tue, a.m., Rm. D GroveT. L* Martian Meteorites II, Mon, p.m., Rm. A Grady M. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Grund T. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D GradyM. Achondrite Potpourri Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL GrundyW. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL GradyM. New Meteorites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL GrundyW.M. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL GradyM. Stardust ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Grunthaner F. J. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL GradyM. Print-Only Presentations Grunthaner F. J. Print-Only Presentations GrafTh. Cosmogenic Nuclides Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Grymes R. Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C GraffT. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Guan Y.* Refractory Inclusions, Wed, a.m., Rm. A Graham C. M. Martian Meteorites II, Mon, p.m., Rm. A Guertin M. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Graham C. R. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Guertin M. Print-Only Presentations Graham G. A. Stardust ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Guest J. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Granahan J. C. Small Body ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL GuestJ. E. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Grande M. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Guidry S. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Granicz K. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Guidry S. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Granovsky L. B. Print-Only Presentations Gulick V. C.* Mars, Mon, a.m., Rm. C Grant J. A. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Gulick V. C. Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rm. C Grass F. Surface Processes Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL GulickV. C. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Grasset O. Europa Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL GulickV. C. Mars Mapping Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Greaves J. S. Origins of Planet. Sys., Wed, p.m., Rm. D GiintherD. Ordinary Chondrites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Grecu A. Mars Mapping Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL GiintherD. Cosmogenic Nuclides Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Greeley R. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL GuoY. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Greeley R. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Gurskij D. S. Print-Only Presentations Greeley R. Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Gutierrez-Florez M. Europa, Thu, p.m., Rm. C Greeley R. Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D GutinM. A. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL GreeleyR. Europa, Thu, p.m., Rm. C Gutin O. N. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Greeley R. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Gwynn D. Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Greeley R. Mars Meteorology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Gyenizse P. Print-Only Presentations Greeley R. Mars: Other Red ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Haberle R. Print-Only Presentations

31st LPSC Program Index 155 Haberle R* Mars, Mon, a.m., Rm. C Hawke B. R. Lunar Composition ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B Hackwell J. A. Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rm. D Hawke B. R. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL HagerM. A. Print-Only Presentations Hawkins E. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Hagerty J. J * Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B Hayes J. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Hagerty J. J. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL HeadJ. N. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C HahnJ. M. Small Body ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL HeadJ. N. Holey Mars! Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Haines P. W. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Head J. W. III Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B Haldemann A. F. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Head J. W. III Mars Geophysics, Mon, p.m., Rm. C Haldemann A. F. Mars: Other Red ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Head J. W. III Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Halekas J. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Head J. W. III New Views of the Moon II, Tue, p.m., Rm. A Halekas J. Lunar Composition ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B Head J. W. III* Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rm. C Halekas J. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Head J. W. III Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Hall C. M. Print-Only Presentations Head J. W. III Mars: Troughs, Tectonics ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. C Halliday A. N. New Views of the Moon I, Tue, a.m., Rm. A Head J. W. III Lunar Composition ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B Hamilton V. E. Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rm. D Head J. W. III Mars: Lumps, Bumps, ... ,Wed, p.m., Rm. C Hamilton V. E. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Head J. W. III Venus Geophysics ... , Thu, p.m., Rm. A Hamilton V. E* Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Head J. W. III* Europa, Thu, p.m., Rm. C Hamlin S. E* Mars: Lumps, Bumps, ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. C Head J. W. III Angry Red Planet Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Hand K. P. Mars Mapping Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Head J. W. III Mars: Other Red ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Hanan P. Ordinary Chondrites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Head J. W. III Holey Mars' Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Hansen G. B. Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Head J. W. III Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Hansen G. B. Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Head J. W. III Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Hansen G. B. Europa Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Head J. W. III Europa Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Hansen V. L* Venus Geophysics ... , Thu, p.m., Rm. A Head J. W. III Print-Only Presentations Hansen V. L. Martian Magnetics Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Heather D. J. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Hansen V. L. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Heather D. J. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Hanson B. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Heather D. J. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Hapke B. Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Heather D. J. Print-Only Presentations Hapke B. Small Body ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL HeberV. S. Print-Only Presentations Hapke B. Print-Only Presentations HechtM. H. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Harbert W. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Hegyi S. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Harch A. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Reineck J. T. Impact I, Man, a.m., Rm. D Harch A. NEAR Relations Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Reineck J. T. Impact Theory ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Harcke L. J. Mercury Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Helfenstein P. Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Harcke L. J. * Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Helfenstein P. Europa, Thu, p.m., Rm. C Harcke L. J. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Helfrich C. E. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C HareT. Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A Hendrickson T. R. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Hare T. Mars Mapping Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Hendrickson T. R. Print-Only Presentations Hare T. Angry Red Planet Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Hendrix A. R. Small Body ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL HareT. Print-Only Presentations HenningT. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D Hargraves R. B. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Herbert J. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Harmon J. K. Mercury Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Herbert M.S. Cosmogenic Nuclides Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Harmon J. K. Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Herd C. D. K* Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A Harris A. J. L. Surface Processes Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Herd C. D. K. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Harrison L. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Herd R. K. New Meteorites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Hartmann W. K. Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rm. C Herkenhoff K. E Mars Meteorology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Hartmann W. K. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Herkenhoff K. E.* Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rm. C Hartmann W. K. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Herkenhoff K. E. Mars Mapping Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Hartmann W. K* Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A Herr K. C. Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rm. D Hartmann W. K. Holey Mars! Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Herr K. C. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Haruyama J. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Herrick R. R. * Venus Geophysics ... , Thu, p.m., Rm. A HaruyamaJ. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Herrmann S. Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rm. A Harvey R. P. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Hervig R. L. Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A Hashimoto A. Refractory Inclusions, Wed, a.m., Rm. A Herzog G. F. Iron Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Hashimoto M. Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A Herzog G. F* Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Hashizume K. * Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Hess P. C.* New Views of the Moon I, Tue, a.m., Rm. A Haskin L. A.* New Views of the Moon II, Tue, p.m., Rm. A Hess P. C* New Views of the Moon II, Tue, p.m., Rm. A Haskin L.A. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Hester J. A. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Haskin L.A. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Hewins R. H* Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m., Rm. B Haskin L.A. Print-Only Presentations HewinsR. H. Origins ofChondritic Metal, Thu, p.m., Rm. B Hathi B. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL HeymannD* Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Hathi B. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Heymann D. Presolar Grains Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Hattendorf B. Ordinary Chondrites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Heymann D. Print-Only Presentations Hauber E. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Hibbitts C. A* Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Hauber E. Print -Only Presentations Hibbitts C. A. Europa Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Hauck S. A. II* Mars Geophysics, Mon, p.m., Rm. C Hicks T. L. Enstatite Chondrites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL HauriE. Martian Meteorites II, Mon, p.m., Rm. A Hiesinger H* New Views of the Moon II, Tue, p.m., Rm. A HauriE.* Iron Meteorites, Mon, p.m., Rm. A Hiesinger H.* Mars: Lumps, Bumps, ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. C Hausladen P. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Hiesinger H. Mars: Other Red ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Hawke B. R* Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Hiesinger H. Holey Mars! Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL

156 31st LPSC Program Index Hiesinger H. Print-Only Presentations Howington-Kraus E. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Hildebrand A. R. * Impact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D Howington-Kraus E. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Hill D. H. Shock Processes ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL HRSC Co-!.Team Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Hill H. Presolar Grains Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Hsu W.* Refractory Inclusions, Wed, a.m., Rm. A Hill H. G. M. Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B HuaX.* Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A Hill H. G. M. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D HuebnerW. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Hillard G. B. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Hughes D. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Hi!legonds D. J. Ordinary Chondrites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL HumayunM.* Origins ofChondritic Metal, Thu, p.m., Rm. B Hillman J. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL HumayunM. Origins of Chondritic Metal, Thu, p.m., Rm. B Hinrichs J. L. Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B HungY. Mars Mapping Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Hinrichs J. L. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Huovenin J. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Hinrichs J. L. Print-Only Presentations Hurley K. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C HirataN. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Huss G. R. Refractory Inclusions, Wed, a.m., Rm. A Hirata N. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Huss G. R. Origins ofChondritic Metal, Thu, p.m., Rm. B HiroiT. Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B Huss G. R* Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rm. A Hiroi T. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Hutcheon I. D.* Chemistry and Physics, Mon, a.m., Rm. B Hiroi T. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Hutchison L. Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A Hiroi T. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Hutchison M. New Meteorites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Hirota Y. New Meteorites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Hutchison R. Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A Hirschmann M. M. Planetary Interior ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Hutchison R. New Meteorites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Hiyagon H. Refractory Inclusions, Wed, a.m., Rm. A HuthJ. Presolar Grains Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Hiyagon H. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL HuthJ. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL HiyagonH. Ordinary Chondrites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL HuthJ. Print-Only Presentations Hoffmann H. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Hviid S. F. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Hoffmann H. Mars Mapping Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL HydeT. W. Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Hoffmeister A. Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B HydeT. W. Formation ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL HoganR. C. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Ianakiev K. D. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Hohenberg C. M. Iron Meteorites, Mon, p.m., Rm. A less L. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Hohenberg C. M* Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A ILEWG Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Hohenberg C. M. Cosmogenic Nuclides Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL ImaiH. CAis, Condensation... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Hohenberg C. M. Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rm. A ImrekGy. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Holba A. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Inaba S. Formation ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Holdridge M. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Ingersoll A. P. Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rm. C HollandW. S. Origins of Planet. Sys., Wed, p.m., Rm. D Ingram S. L. Sr. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Holsapple K. A. Impact I, Mon, a.m., Rm. D Ireland T. R* Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A Boltzmann J. Lunar Composition ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B Ito M.* Refractory Inclusions, Wed, a.m., Rm. A Holzheid A. H. Martian Meteorites II, Mon, p.m., Rm. A Itoh S. CAis, Condensation ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL HoodL. L* New Views of the Moon I, Tue, a.m., Rm. A Ivanov A. B.* Mars: Lumps, Bumps, ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. C Hood L. L. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Ivanov A. V. Print-Only Presentations Hood L. L.* Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Ivanov B. A. Impact I, Moo, a.m., Rm. D Hood L. L. Lunar Composition ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B Ivanov B. A. Impact Theory ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Hood L. L. Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m., Rm. B Ivanov B. A* Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A HookS. J. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Ivanov M. A* Venus Geophysics ... , Thu, p.m., Rm. A Hoppa G.* Europa, Thu, p.m., Rm. C Ivanov M.A. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Hoppa G. Print-Only Presentations IvanovM. A. Print-Only Presentations HoppeP. Achondrite Potpourri, Tue, a.m., Rm. D Ivliev A. I. Print-Only Presentations Hoppe P* Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m., Rm. B Iwata T. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL HoppeP. Presolar Grains Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Izenberg N. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Hoppe P. Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rm. A Izenberg N. NEAR Relations Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Horan M. F. Iron Meteorites, Mon, p.m., Rm. A Jackel A.* Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D Horan M. F* Origins of Chondri tic Metal, Thu, p.m., Rm. B Jackel A. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Horanyi M. Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m., Rm. B Jackson T. L. Chemistry and Physics, Mon, a.m., Rm. B Bornemann U. Impact I, Moo, a.m., Rm. D Jackson T. L. Martian Meteorites II, Mon, p.m., Rm. A HomyakJ. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Jacobsen C. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Horton K. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Jacobsen C. Presolar Grains Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Harz F. Stardust ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Jacobsen S. B* Planetary Interior Processes, Mon, p.m., Rm. D Harz F. Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C Jacobsen S. B. Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rm. A Harz F. Impact I, Moo, a.m., Rm. D Jaeger W. L. Galileo at Io, Moo, p.m., Rm. B Harz F.* Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B Jaeger W. L. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Harz F. Impact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D Jager J. Even Mars ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Harz F. Print-Only Presentations JagerK. M. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL HoughR. M. Origins of Chondritic Metal, Thu, p.m., Rm. B Jagoutz E. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Housen K. R* Impact I, Moo, a.m., Rm. D Jagoutz E.* Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A Housen K. R. Print-Only Presentations Jain J. C. Planetary Interior Processes, Mon, p.m., Rm. D Howard A. D. Mars: Lumps, Bumps, ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. C Jain J. C. New Views of the Moon I, Tue, a.m., Rm. A Howard A. D. Mars: Other Red ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Jain J. C. New Views of the Moon II, Tue, p.m., Rm. A Howard A. D. Holey Mars! Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Jakes P.* New Views of the Moon I, Tue, a.m., Rm. A Howard J. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Jakosky B. M. Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rm. D Howard K. T. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Jakosky B. M. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Howel!R. R* Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Jakosky B. M. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL

31st LPSC Program Index 157 Jakosky B. M. Print-Only Presentations Kashkarov L. L. Print-Only Presentations JambonA. New Views of the Moon I, Tue, a.m., Rm. A Kassing R. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL James P. B. Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rm. C Kaukkanen J. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Jamison A. A. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Kawabata T. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Jaumann R. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL KawanoN. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Jaumann R. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Kaydash V. G. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Jaumann R. Print-Only Presentations Kearsley A. T. Impact Theory ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Jedicke R. Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B Kearsley A. T. Stardust ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Jessberger E. K. Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C Keating C. F. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Johnson C. L. Mars Geophysics, Mon, p.m., Rm. C Keating G. M. Mars Meteorology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Johnson C. L. Origins of Chondritic Metal, Thu, p.m., Rm. B Keil K. Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B Johnson J. Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B KeilK. Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B Johnson J. R. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Keil K. CAis, Condensation ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Johnson J. R. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Keil K. Refractory Inclusions, Wed, :1.m., Rm. A Johnson N. M. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Keil K. Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m., Rm. B Johnson T.V. Galileo at Io, Mon p.m., Rm. B Keil K. Origins of Chondritic Metal, Thu, p.m., Rm. B Johnston A. K. Surface Processes Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Keil K. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Johnston A. K. Planetary Volcanism ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. D Keil K. Enstatite Chondrites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Jolliff B. L* New Views of the Moon II, Tue, p.m., Rm. A Keil K. Print-Only Presentations Jolliff B. L. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL KeimE. R. Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m.. Rm. D Jolliff B. L. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Keller H. U. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Jolliff B. L. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Keller L. P * Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Jolliff B. L. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Keller L. P* Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D Jolliff B. L. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Keller L. P. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Jolliff B. L. Print-Only Presentations Keller L. P. Presolar Grains Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Jones A. P. Impact I, Mon, a.m., Rm. D Keller L. P. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Jones C. L* Chemistry and Physics, Mon, a.m., Rm. B Keller L. P. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Jones D. T. L. Cosmogenic Nuclides Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Keller L. P. Print-Only Presentations Jones J. H. Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A Keller U. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Jones J. H.* Planetary Interior Processes, Mon, p.m., Rm. D Kellett B. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Jones J. H. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL KelleyM. S. Small Body ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Jones J. H. Print-Only Presentations Kelsey C.* Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m.. Rm. A Jones R. H* Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m., Rm. B KenkmannT* Impact I, Mon, a.m., Rm. D Jones R. H. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL KenkmannT. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Jones S.M. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL KenKnight C. E. Formation ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Jtins H.-P. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Kent B. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Joseph J. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Keresztesi M. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Joseph J. NEAR Relations Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Kereszturi A. Print-Only Presentations Joshi M. Mars, Mon, a.m., Rm. C Kerry K. E. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL JoshiM. Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rm. D Kerschhofer L. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Josset J. L. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Kerschhofer L. Print-Only Presentations Joswiak D. J.* Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D Keszthelyi L. Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B Jotter R. J. Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A Keszthelyi L. * Planetary Volcanism ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. D Joyal T. Mars: Other Red ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Keszthelyi L. P Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B Joyner C. F. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Keszthelyi L. P. Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL J6zsa S. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Kettrup B* Impact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D Jull A. J. T. Achondrite Potpourri Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Kettrup B. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Jurewicz A. J. G. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Kettrup D* Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D Jurewicz A. J. G. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Kettrup D. Print-Only Presentations Jurewicz A. J. G. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Khan A* New Views of the Moon I, Tue, a.m., Rm. A Jurgens R. F. Mercury Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Khan A. New Views ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Jurgens R. F. Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Kharitonova G. A. Print-Only Presentations Jurgens R. F. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL KieferW. S* Mars Geophysics, Mon, p.m., Rm. C Jurgens R. F. Print-Only Presentations Kiefer W. S* Venus Geophysics ... , Thu, p.m., Rm. A Kadel S.D. Europa Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Kieffer H. H. Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rm. D Kadel S.D. Surface Processes Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Kieffer H. H. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL KaidenH. New Meteorites Posters. Thu, p.m., UHCL Kieffer S. W. Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B Kaleida K. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D Kieft T. L. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Kalinina G. V. Print-Only Presentations Killen R. M. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL KampL. Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B Killgore M. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Kaneda K. Achondrite Potpourri Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL KimS. S. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Kanefsky B. Mars: Other Red ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL KimuraM. CAis, Condensation ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Kanik I. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL KimuraM. Print-Only Presentations Kargel J. S* Mars: Oceans ... , Tue. p.m., Rm. C King D. T. Jr. Impact Theory ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Kargel J. S. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL King D. T. Jr. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Kargel J. S. Mars: Lumps, Bumps, ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. C KinnyP. D. Martian Meteorites II, Mon, p.m., Rm. A Kargel J. S* Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Kirby H. Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A Kargel J. S. Europa, Thu, p.m., Rm. C Kirk R. NEAR Relations Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Karner J. M. lntergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Kirk R. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Karner J. M. Print-Only Presentations Kirk R. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL

158 31st LPSC Program Index Kirk R. Mars Mapping Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Kozlova E. A. Print-Only Presentations Kirk R. Europa Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL KriihenbiihlU. Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m., Rm. B Kirkland L. E.* Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rm. D KraftM. Mars Meteorology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Kirkland L. E. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Kral T. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Kirschvink J. L. Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C Krassilnikov A. S. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Kita N. T. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL KrauseM. O. Martian Magnetics Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Kivett S. J. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Kreslavsky M. * Mars: Lumps, Bumps, ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. C Klaasen K. P. Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B Kreslavsky M. * Europa, Thu, p.m., Rm. C Klassen D. R. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Kreslavsky M. Mars: Other Red ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Klein H. P. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Kreslavsky M. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Klemaszewski J. Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Kreslavsky M. Print-Only Presentations Klemaszewski J. Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Kring D. A. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Klemaszewski J. E. Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Kring D. A. Shock Processes ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL KlemerS. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Kring D. A. Dating the Moon: hnpact ... ,Wed, p.m., Rm. B Kletetschka G. Terrestrial hnpact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Kroeger G. Even Mars ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Kletetschka G.* Mars: Troughs, Tectonics ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. C KronbergP. Print-Only Presentations KlimanD.M. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL KrotA. N. Chemistry and Physics, Mon, a.m., Rm. B Klingelhofer G. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL KrotA. N. CAis, Condensation... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL KlockW. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL KrotA. N. Refractory Inclusions, Wed, a.m., Rm. A KlOck W. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D KrotA. N.* Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m., Rm. B Klug S. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL KrotA. N. Origins ofChondritic Metal, Thu, p.m., Rm. B KminekG. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL KrotA. N. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL KminekG. Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C KrotA. N. Print-Only Presentations Knudsen J. M. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Kubny A. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Kochan H. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Kubovics I. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Kochan H. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Kudryavtsev A. Terrestrial hnpact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Koeberl C.* hnpact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D Kudryavtsev A. Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C Koeberl C. Terrestrial hnpact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Kuebler K. E. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL KoehlerU* Lunar Composition ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B Kuebler K. E. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL KoehlerU. Mars: Other Red ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Kuramoto K. Mars Geophysics, Mon, p.m., Rm. C Koenig E. Planetary Volcanism ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. D KuratG.* Iron Meteorites, Mon, p.m., Rm. A Kohl C. P. Iron Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL KuratG. Shock Processes ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Kohlstedt D. L. Planetary Interior. .. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL KuratG. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Koike O. Refractory Inclusions, Wed, a.m., Rm. A KuratG. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Kojima H. CAis, Condensation ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL KuratG. Print-Only Presentations Kojima H. New Meteorites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Kuschel M. Print-Only Presentations Kojima H. Print-Only Presentations KuzminR.O. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Kojima T. New Meteorites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Kuzmin R. O. Surface Processes Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL KolbE. J. Mars: Other Red ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Kuzmin R. O. Print-Only Presentations Kolecki J. C. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Kyte F. T. Impact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D Komatsu G.* Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rm. C Kyte F. T. Achondrite Potpourri Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Komatsu G. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Kyte F. T. Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A Komatsu G. Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A Laakso H. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Komatsu G. Print-Only Presentations LaBawC. C. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL KomatsuM. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Lagabrielle Y. Mars: Troughs, Tectonics ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. C KomatsuM. Print-Only Presentations Laity J. E. Surface Processes Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL KomuraK. New Meteorites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Lanagan P. D. Mars, Mon, a.m., Rm. C Kondo K. Impact I, Mon, a.m., Rm. D LandheimR. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL KondoM. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL LaneM. * Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A Kong P. Iron Meteorites, Mon, p.m., Rm. A LaneM. Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rm. D Kononkova N. N. Print -Only Presentations LaneM. Surface Processes Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Konopliv A. S. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C LaneM. Print-Only Presentations Korokhin V. V. Print-Only Presentations LaneM. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Koronovsky N. N. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Langen K. Cosmogenic Nuclides Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Korotev R. L. New Views of the Moon II, Tue, p.m., Rm. A Langenhorst F. Impact I, Mon, a.m., Rm. D Korotev R. L. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Langenhorst F. Achondrite Potpourri Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Korotev R. L. * Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Langenhorst F. Print-Only Presentations Korotev R. L. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Langevin Y. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Korotev R. L. Print-Only Presentations Langevin Y. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Kortenkamp S. J * Origins of Planet. Sys., Wed, p.m., Rm. D Lanzirotti A. Stardust: Collected, ... ,Wed, a.m., Rm. D Kortz B. E. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Lapke C. Terrestrial hnpact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Kortz B. E. Europa Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Larsen K. W. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Kortz B. E. Print-Only Presentations Lauer H. V. Jr. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Korycansky D. G. Impact Theory ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Lauer H. V. Jr. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Kosarev I. B. Impact Theory ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Lauer H. V. Jr. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Koscheev A. P. * Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rm. A Lauer H. V. Jr. Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C Kostama V.- P. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Laufer R. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Kovacs B. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Lauretta D. S* Origins of Chondritic Metal, Thu, p.m., Rm. B Koziol A. M* Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C Lavielle B. Origins of Chondri tic Metal, Thu, p.m., Rm. B Kozlov E. A. Print-Only Presentations Lavrukhina A. K. Print-Only Presentations

31st LPSC Program Index 159 Lawrence D. J. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Loper D. E.* New Views of the Moon I, Tue, a.m., Rm. A Lawrence D. J* Lunar Composition ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B Lopes-Gautier R. * Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B Lawson S. L Print-Only Presentations Lopez L Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL LeL Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A Lorenz C. Print-Only Presentations LeL Achondrite Potpourri, Tue, a.m., Rm. D Lorenz R. D. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL LeL Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m., Rm. B LorenzR. D. Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL LeL Print-Only Presentations Lorenz R. D. Mars: Troughs, Tectonics ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. C Le Mouelic S. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Lorenz R. D* Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rm. D Leader F. E. Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B Lorenzetti S. Achondrite Potpourri, Tue, a.m., Rm. D Lee D-C.* New Views of the Moon I, Tue, a.m., Rm. A Lucchitta B. K* Mars: Troughs, Tectonics ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. C Lee E. M. Mars Mapping Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Lucey P. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C LeeP* Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rm. C Lucey P. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL LeeP. Impact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D LuceyP. NEAR Relations Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL LeeP. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Lucey P. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Leese M. R. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Lucey P. Lunar Composition ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B Leese M. R. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Lucey P. * Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Leigh D. Print-Only Presentations Lucey P. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Leinhardt Z. M* Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B Lucey P. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL LellouchE. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Lucey P. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Lemmon M. T. Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B LuceyP. Print-Only Presentations Lemmon M. T.* Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rm. D Lucey P. J. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Lemoine F. G. Mars Geophysics, Mon, p.m., Rm. C Lugaro M. Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rm. A Lemoine F. G. Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rm. D LugmairG. W. Achondrite Potpourri, Tue, a.m., Rm. D LengyelP. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Lukacs B. Achondrite Potpourri Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Lentz R. C. F. Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A Lukacs B. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Lentz R. C. F* Martian Meteorites II, Mon, p.m., Rm. A Lukacs B. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Leone G. Print-Only Presentations Lundin R. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Lepper K. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Lunine J. L Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B Leshin LA. Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A Lussier J. D. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL LeshinL A* Chemistry and Physics, Mon, a.m., Rm. B Lyon L Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m., Rm. B LeshinL A Ordinary Chondrites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL MaP. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B LevinA A Print-Only Presentations MacAyeal D. R. Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rm. C Lewis K. J. Mars: Lumps, Bumps, ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. C MacAyeal D. R. Mars: Lumps, Bumps, ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. C Lewis R. S. Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rm. A Macdonald F. A Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C Leya L Iron Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL MacGibbon J. H. Print-Only Presentations Leya L Cosmogenic Nuclides Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL MacKayM. E. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Li H. NEAR Relations Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL MacKinnon D. J. Mars: Troughs, Tectonics ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. C Li J. Planetary Interior Processes, Mon, p.m., Rm. D MacKinnon D. J. Print-Only Presentations LiL Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL MacPherson G. J.* Refractory Inclusions, Wed, a.m., Rm. A Libourel G. Chemistry and Physics, Mon, a.m., Rm. B Madsen M. B. Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B Liffman K.* Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m., Rm. B MadsenM. B. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Lin I-C. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Magee K. P. Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B LinJ. Even Mars ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL MalU. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL LinR.P. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Malamud B. D. Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rm. C LinR.P. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B MalaretE. Print-Only Presentations LinR.P. Lunar Composition ... , Wed, p.m., Rrn. B MalhotraR* Origins of Planet. Sys., Wed, p.m., Rm. D LinY. CAis, Condensation ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL MalinM. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m.. Rm. C LinY. Print-Only Presentations MalinM. NEAR Relations Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Lindsay B. D. Formation ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL MalinM. Mars: Lumps, Bumps, ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. C Lindstrom D. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL MalinM. Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A Lindstrom D. Achondrite Potpourri Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL MalinM. * Mars, Mon, a.m., Rm. C Lindstrom M. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL MalinM. Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rm. C Linkin V. M. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL MalinM. Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rm. D LinkinV. M. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL MalinM. Mars: Other Red ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL LiouJ.-C* Origins of Planet. Sys., Wed, p.m., Rm. D MalinM. Print-Only Presentations Lipschutz M. E. Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A Malkovsky V. L Print-Only Presentations Lipschutz M. E. Ordinary Chondrites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL MalumK. M. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Lipschutz M. E. Print-Only Presentations MalumK. M. Print-Only Presentations Little K.E. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Malyshev A. L Print-Only Presentations LittleR. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Malysheva L K. Print-Only Presentations LiuS* Impact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D Mancinelli R. L "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Livi S. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL MangoldN. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Llorca J. Print-Only Presentations Manifold J.D. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Lloyd J. Achondrite Potpourri Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL ManningR. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Lofgren G. E* Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m., Rm. B Marakushev A A Print-Only Presentations Lofgren G. E. Print-Only Presentations Marcou G. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Lofgren G. E. Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C Margot J. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL LohrD. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Marinangeli L Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Longhi J* New Views of the Moon I, Tue, a.m., Rm. A Marinangeli L Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Longhi J. Mars Meteorology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Marinangeli L * Mars: Troughs, Tectonics ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. C

160 31st LPSC Program Index Marinangeli L. Print-Only Presentations McKayC.P. Mars, Mon, a.m., Rm. C Marini A. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL McKayC.P. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL MarosG. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL McKay D. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B MarovM. Ya. Print-Only Presentations McKay D. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL MarrG. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL McKay D. Martian Meteorites II, Mon, p.m., Rm. A Marshall J. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL McKay D. Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A Martel L. M. V. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL McKay D. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Marti K. Iron Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL McKay D. Mars Meteorology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Marti K. Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m., Rm. B McKay D. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Marti K. Origins of Chondritic Metal, Thu, p.m., Rm. B McKay D. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Marti K. Print-Only Presentations McKay D. Print-Only Presentations Martin P. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C McKay D. Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C Martin P. Planetary Interior. .. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL McKay G* Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A Martin P. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL McKay G. Achondrite Potpourri, Tue, a.m., Rm. D Martin P. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL McKay G. Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C MartinP. * Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B McKeegan K. D.* Chemistry and Physics, Mon, a.m., Rm. B Martin P. NEAR Relations Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL McKeegan K. D. CAis, Condensation ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Martinas K. Achondrite Potpourri Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL McKeegan K. D. Refractory Inclusions, Wed, a.m., Rm. A Marty B. Shock Processes ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL McKeegan K. D. Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m., Rm. B Marty B. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL McKeegan K. D. Ordinary Chondrites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Marty B. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B McKeegan K. D. Print-Only Presentations Masaitis V. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL McKeever S. W. S. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Masaitis V. Impact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D McKenna Lawlor S. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Masarik J. Achondrite Potpourri Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL McKenzie D. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL MasterS. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL McKinnon W. B* Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B Mastrapa R. M. E.* Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B McKinnon W. B. Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Mastrapa R. M. E. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C McLennan S.M.* Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Mathew K. J* Origins of Chondri tic Metal, Thu, p.m., Rm. B McNamara K. M. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Matias A. Holey Mars! Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL McNamara K. M. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Matijka P. Impact I, Mon, a.m., Rm. D McNutt J. R. Jr. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Matson D. L. Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B McSween H. Y. Jr. Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A Matsui T. Mars Geophysics, Mon, p.m., Rm. C McSween H. Y. Jr. Martian Meteorites II, Mon, p.m., Rm. A Matsunaga T. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m.; UHCL McSween H. Y. Jr* Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B Matz K.-D. Print-Only Presentations McSween H. Y. Jr. Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B Maurice S. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL McSween H. Y. Jr. Origins of Planet. Sys., Wed, p.m., Rm. D Maurice S. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL McSween H. Y. Jr. Ordinary Chondrites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Maurice S. Lunar Composition ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B McSween H. Y. Jr. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Max M.D.* Mars, Mon, a.m., Rm. C MegeD. Even Mars ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Maxwell T. A. Mars: Lumps, Bumps, ... ,Wed, p.m., Rm. C MegeD. Mars Mapping Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Mayeda T. Achondrite Potpourri, Tue, a.m., Rm. D MegeD* Mars: Troughs, Tectonics ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. C Mayeda T. New Meteorites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL MegeD. Martian Magnetics Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Mazarik J. Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A MegeD. Print-Only Presentations MazurM. J.* Impact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D MehhnanR. Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B McAdams J. V. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C MeibomA. Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B McAfeeJ. M* Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rm. D MeibomA. CAis, Condensation ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL McBride N. Impact Theory ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL MeibomA. Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m., Rm. B McCallum I. S. Print-Only Presentations MeibomA* Origins ofChondritic Metal, Thu, p.m., Rm. B McCartney E. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C MeibomA. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL McClanahan T. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C MeibomA. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL McCord D. D. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL MeibomA. Print-Only Presentations McCord T. B. Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL MellonM. T. Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rm. D McCord T. B. Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D MellonM. T. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL McCord T. B. Europa Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Mellon M. T. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL McCoyT. J. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C MeloshH. J* Impact I, Mon, a.m., Rm. D McCoyT. J. Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B Melosh H. J. Impact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D McEntire R. W. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL MeloshH. J. Mars: Troughs, Tectonics ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. C McEwen A. S. Mars, Mon, a.m., Rm. C MeloshH. J. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C McEwen A. S.* Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B MeloshH. J. Holey Mars! Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL McEwen A. S. Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Melosh J. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL McEwen A. S. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Merchel S. Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rm. A McEwen A. S. Mars: Troughs, Tectonics ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. C Merline W. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C McEwen A. S. Planetary Volcanism ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. D Merline W. NEAR Relations Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL McFadden L. A. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Merline W. Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL McFadden L. A. NEAR Relations Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Mertzrnan S. Print -Only Presentations McGee S.M. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Mertzman S. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL McGill G. E* Mars: Lumps, Bumps, ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. C Mertzman S. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B McGovern P. J* Mars Geophysics, Mon, p.m., Rm. C MeshikA. P. Iron Meteorites, Mon, p.m., Rm. A McHone J. F. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL MeshikA. P. Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A McHone J. F. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Meshik A. P. Cosmogenic Nuclides Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL McHoneJ. F. Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C MeshikA. P. Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rm. A

31st LPSC Program Index 161 MessengerS. Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rm. A MorozL. V* Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Mest S.C. Mars Mapping Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Morris A. Print-Only Presentations Metrich N. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Tbu, p.m., UHCL Morris A. R. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Metzger S. M. * Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Tbu, p.m., Rm. D Morris D. Mars: Holes ... , Tbu, a.m., Rm. A Metzler K. Print-Only Presentations Morris P. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Meve!L. Europa Posters, Tbu, p.m., UHCL Morris P. Astrobiology Posters, Tbu, p.m., UHCL Meyer B. S* Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rm. A Morris R. Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B Michel R. Cosmogenic Nuclides Posters, Tbu, p.m., UHCL Morris R. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Midas Team Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Morris R. L. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL MihD. T. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Morris R. V. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Mikheeva I. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Morris R. V. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Mikouchi A. K. Print-Only Presentations Morris R. V. Mars: Holes ... , Tbu, a.m., Rm. A Mikouchi T. Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A Morris R. V. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Mikouchi T* Achondrite Potpourri, Tue, a.m., Rm. D Morris R. V. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Mikouchi T. New Meteorites Posters, Tbu, p.m., UHCL Morris R. V. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Mikouchi T. Print-Only Presentations Morris R. V. Print-Only Presentations MilazzoM. Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B Morris R. V* Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B MilazzoM. Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Morris R. V. Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C MilazzoM. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Morrow J. R. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Miller G. Even Mars ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Morse A. D. Print-Only Presentations Miller J. Astrobiology Posters, Tbu, p.m., UHCL Mosangini C. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Miller J. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Mosegaard K. New Views of the Moon I, Tue, a.m., Rm. A MillerM. A. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Mosegaard K. New Views ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Miller M. F. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Moss C. E. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Milliken R. E. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Tbu, p.m., UHCL Mouginis-Mark P. J. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL MingD. W. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Mousis O. Europa Posters, Tbu, p.m., UHCL MingD. W. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Tbu, p.m., UHCL Mueller T. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL MingD. W. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B MuellerT. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Tbu, p.m., UHCL MingD. W* Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C Mueller T. Print-Only Presentations Minitti M. E.* Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Muhleman D. O. Mars Geophysics, Mon, p.m., Rm. C Misawa K* Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Muhleman D. O. Mars: Lumps, Bumps, ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. C Mitchell D. L. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL MuinonenP. Mars: Holes ... , Tbu, a.m., Rm. A Mitchell D. L* Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B MukaiM. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Tbu, p.m., UHCL Mitchell D. L. Lunar Composition ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B MukhinL. M. Print-Only Presentations Mitchell K. L. Angry Red Planet Posters, Tbu, p.m., UHCL Mulligan T. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Mitreikina O. B. Print-Only Presentations Murad E. Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B Mittlefehldt D. W. Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B Murchie S* Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B Mittlefehldt D. W. Achondrite Potpourri, Tue, a.m., Rm. D Murchie S. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Mittlefehldt D. W.* Impact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D Murchie S. NEAR Relations Posters, Tue. p.m., UHCL Mittlefehldt D. W. Print-Only Presentations Murchie S. Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B Miura Y. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Murchie S. NEAR Relations Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Miura Y. Print -Only Presentations Murphy J. Mars Meteorology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL MiyamotoM. Achondrite Potpourri Posters. Tue, p.m., UHCL MurphyM. E. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C MiyamotoM. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL MurphyM. E. Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B MiyamotoM. Print-Only Presentations MurphyM. E. NEAR Relations Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Mizutani H. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Murray C. D. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Moersch J. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Tbu, p.m., UHCL Musselwhite D. S. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Moersch J. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Mustard J. Mars: Other Red ... Posters, Tbu, p.m., UHCL Moersch J* Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Mustard J. F. Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B Mohamednazarov S. Print-Only Presentations Mustard J. F* Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Tbu, p.m., Rm. D Molinero R. J. Angry Red Planet Posters, Tbu, p.m., UHCL Mustard J. F. Clementine Posters, Tbu, p.m., UHCL Moister F. J. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D Mustard J. F. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Montesi L. G. J. Even Mars ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Mutschke H. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D Moore J. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Nagahara H.* Chemistry and Physics, Mon, a.m., Rm. B MooreJ* Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B Nagahara H. CAis, Condensation ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Moore J.* Mars: Lumps, Bumps, ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. C Nagahara H. Refractory Inclusions, Wed, a.m., Rm. A Moore J. Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Nagasawa H. CAis, Condensation ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Moore J. Print-Only Presentations Nagasawa H. Refractory Inclusions, Wed, a.m., Rm. A Morbidelli A. Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B Nagyvaradi L. Print-Only Presentations Morbidelli A. Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A NakamuraN. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Moreau J. W* Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Nakamura A. M. Print-Only Presentations Moresi L.-N. Venus Geology ... Posters, Tbu, p.m., UHCL Nakamura K.* Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D Morgan G. H. Print-Only Presentations NakamuraN. New Meteorites Posters, Tbu, p.m., UHCL Morgan J. Impact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D NakamuraR. Print-Only Presentations MorganJ. W. Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A Nakamura T. Mars Meteorology Posters, Tbu, p.m., UHCL MoriH. Achondrite Potpourri, Tue, a.m., Rm. D Nakamura T. Print -Only Presentations MoriokaM. CAis, Condensation ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL NakanoT. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Tbu, p.m., UHCL MoriokaM. Refractory Inclusions, Wed, a.m., Rm. A Nakazawa K. Chemistry and Physics, Mon, a.m., Rm. B Morishita Y. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Nakazawa K. Formation ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Moroz L. V. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Tbu, p.m., UHCL Namiki N. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL

162 31st LPSC Program Index Nankivell A. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Oberst J. Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B Navarro-Gonzalez R. Surface Processes Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Oberst J. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL NazarovM. Print-Only Presentations Oberst J. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Nazarov M. CAis, Condensation... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Oberst J. Print-Only Presentations Nazzario R. Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Ocampo A. C. Impact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D NchoduM. R. Cosmogenic Nuclides Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL OckerK. D. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Neal C. R.* Planetary Interior Processes, Mon, p.m., Rm. D Ogura T. Impact I, Mon, a.m., Rm. D Neal C. R.* New Views of the Moon I, Tue, a.m., Rm. A Ohsumi K. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Neal C. R.* New Views of the Moon II, Tue, p.m., Rm. A Ohtake M. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Neal C. R. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL OhtakeM. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL NEAR Team NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C OjimaK.* New Views of the Moon I, Tue, a.m., Rm. A Nehru C. E. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Oleinic O. V. New Views ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Nelson D. M. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Oleynic H. S. Print-Only Presentations Nelson D. M. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Olsen M. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL NelsonR. M. Print-Only Presentations Olson E. K. Presolar Grains Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Nelson V. E. Print-Only Presentations Omidi N. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Nemec I. Print-Only Presentations Opanasenko N. V. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Nemtchinov I. V. Impact Theory ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Ori G. G. Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rm. C Neubert J. NEAR Relations Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Ori G. G. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL NeukumG. Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B Ori G. G. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL NeukumG. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Ori G. G. Print-Only Presentations NeukumG. New Views of the Moon II, Tue, p.m., Rm. A Orlando T. M. Europa Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL NeukumG. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Ormo J. Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rm. C NeukumG. Mars Mapping Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Ormo J.* Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A NeukumG. Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Orofino V. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL NeukumG. Lunar Composition ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B Osinski G. R.* Impact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D NeukumG. Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Ostro S. J. Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D NeukumG. Print-Only Presentations Otake H. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Neumann G. A. Mars Geophysics, Mon, p.m., Rm. C Otake H. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Neumann G. A. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Ott U. Print-Only Presentations Neumann G. A* Mars: Lumps, Bumps, ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. C Ott U. * Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rm. A Newsom H. E. Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B OuraY. New Meteorites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Newsom H. E. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Owen W. M. Jr. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Newsom H. E.* Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A Owensby P. D. Print-Only Presentations Newsom H. E. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Ozawa K. Chemistry and Physics, Mon, a.m., Rm. B Newsom H. E. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Ozorovich Y. R. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Newton E. M. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Ozorovich Y. R. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Newville M. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Paige D. A. Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rm. C Newville M. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D Paillou P. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL NgoH.H. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Palma R. L. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D Nguyen L.-A* Chemistry and Physics, Mon, a.m., Rm. B Palme R. New Meteorites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Nibbering N. M. M. Print-Only Presentations Palme H. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Nicholson W. L. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Palmer D. M. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Nikolaeva O. V. Planetary Interior. .. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Papanastassiou D. A. Iron Meteorites, Mon, p.m., Rm. A Nimmo F.* Mars Geophysics, Mon, p.m., Rm. C Papanastassiou D. A.* Achondrite Potpourri, Tue, a.m., Rm. D Nimmo F. Mars: Troughs, Tectonics ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. C Papanastassiou D. A. Terrestrial impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Ninagawa K. Ordinary Chondrites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Papanastassiou D. A. Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A Nishiizurni K. * Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A Papike J. J. Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A Nishiizurni K. Cosmogenic Nuclides Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Papike J. J. New Views of the Moon II, Tue. p.m., Rm. A Nittler L. R. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Papike J. J. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Ni ttler L. R* Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B Papike J. J. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Nittler L. R. NEAR Relations Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Papike J. J. Print-Only Presentations N i ttler L. R. Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rm. A Pappalardo R. T. Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B NobleS. K* Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a:m., Rm. B Pappalardo R. T. Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL NobleS. K. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Pappalardo R. T. Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D NoeE. Z* Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Pappalardo R. T* Europa, Thu, p.m., Rm. C Nolan L. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Pappalardo R. T. Europa Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Nordholt J. E. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Pappalardo R. T. Print-Only Presentations Noren C. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Parise J. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D NormanL. M. Surface Processes Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Parker T. J * Mars, Mon, a.m., Rm. C NormanM* Dating the Moon: Impact ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B Parker T. J. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL NorrnanM. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Parmentier E. M* New Views of the Moon I, Tue, a.m., Rm. A Nunes D. C. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Parmentier E. M. New Views of the Moon II, Tue, p.m., Rm. A NuthJ. A. Presolar Grains Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Parmentier E. M. Europa, Thu, p.m., Rm. C Nuth J. A.* Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B ParsadN. Refractory Inclusions, Wed, a.m., Rm. A NyquistL. Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A Patchen A. CAls, Condensation ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL NyquistL* Dating the Moon: Impact ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B Patchen A. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B O'Keefe J.D.* Impact I, Mon, a.m., Rm. D Patchen A. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL O'Leary A* Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C Patchen A. Print-Only Presentations O'Nions R. K. Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m .. Rm. B Pate!J. G. Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL

31st LPSC Program Index 163 Patel M. R. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Plaut J. J. Mars: Lumps, Bumps, ... , Wed, p.m., Rrn. C Patel M. R. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Plaut J. J. Venus Geophysics ... , Thu, p.m., Rm. A Pathare A. V. * Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rm. C Plaut J. J. Holey Mars! Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Pathare A. V. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Poage. W. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Patzer A. Enstatite Chondrites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Ponganis K. V. Iron Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Pearson V. K. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL PopeK. 0* Impact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D Pearson V. K. Print-Only Presentations Popel S. I. Impact Theory ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Peck N. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Poreda R. J. Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rrn. A Peitersen M. N. Surface Processes Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Poreda R. J. Print-Only Presentations Peitersen M. N. * Planetary Volcanism ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. D Portle K. B. Mars Geophysics, Mon, p.m., Rm. C Pek A. A. Print-Only Presentations Potter A. E. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Pelkey S. M. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Potter E-K. Venus Geophysics ... , Thu, p.m., Rm. A Pelkey S. M. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m.. UHCL Povenmire H. R. Print-Only Presentations Pellerin L Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Praine I. J. Print-Only Presentations Pellin M. J. * Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rm. A PrattS. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Pentecost A. M. New Views ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL PrattS. Mars: Other Red ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Pepin R. O. * Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D PrattS. Holey Mars! Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Perez C. B. Holey Mars! Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL PrattS. Print-Only Presentations Perron C. Shock Processes ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Pravdivtseva O. Print-Only Presentations Perron C.* Origins of Chondritic Metal, Thu, p.m., Rm. B Pravdivtseva O. * Iron Meteorites, Mon, p.m., Rrn. A Perry C. H. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Pravdivtseva O. Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rrn. A Pesonen L J. Print-Only Presentations Preisinger A. Surface Processes Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Petaev M. I* Origins of Chondritic Metal, Thu, p.m., Rm. B Presley M. A.* Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rrn. C Petaev M.l. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Presley M. A. Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rrn. D Petaev M.l. Print-Only Presentations Prettyman T. H. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Peterson C. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Price G. D. Impact I, Mon, a.m., Rrn. D Peterson C. NEAR Relations Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Price G. D. Planetary Interior. .. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Peterson C. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Prieto O.* Europa, Thu, p.m., Rrn. C Peterson C. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Prieto O. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL PetitJ.-M. Asteroids and Cornets, Tue, p.m., Rrn. B Prinz M. Origins ofChondritic Metal, Thu, p.m., Rm. B PetitJ.-M. Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A Prinz M. Ordinary Chondrites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Petrik N. G. Europa Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Pritchard M. E.* New Views of the Moon II, Tue, p.m., Rm. A Petruny L W. Impact Theory ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Prockter L. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m.. Rm. C Pettengill G. H. Mars Geophysics, Mon, p.m., Rm. C Prockter L Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Pettengill G. H. Print-Only Presentations ProckterL* Europa, Thu, p.m., Rrn. C Pettke T. Ordinary Chondrites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Protheroe W. J. Jr. Print-Only Presentations Peucker-Ehrenbrink B. Impact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D Prudente A. Small Body ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Peulvast J.-P. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Pugacheva S. G. Print-Only Presentations Phillips C. Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B Pullan D. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Phillips K. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL PuskasZ. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Phillips R. J. Mars, Mon, a.m., Rm. C Quadlander G. A. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Phillips R. J* Mars Geophysics, Mon, p.m.. Rm. C QuflezE. Europa, Thu, p.m., Rrn. C Phillips R. J. New Views of the Moon II, Tue, p.m., Rrn. A QuinnR. C. Print-Only Presentations Phillips R. J. Venus Geophysics ... , Thu, p.m., Rm. A QuinnR. C. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Phillips R. J. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Quinn T. Asteroids and Cornets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B Pierazzo E. Impact I, Mon, a.m., Rrn. D QuiricoE* Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rrn. D Pierazzo E.* Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Quirico E. Stardust ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Pieters C. New Views of the Moon II, Tue, p.m., Rrn. A Quitte G.* Achondrite Potpourri, Tue, a.m., Rrn. D Pieters C* Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rrn. B Rabette M. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Pieters C.* Lunar Composition ... , Wed, p.m., Rrn. B Rabou P. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Pieters C. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Racca G. R. Missions/Experiments Posters. Tue, p.m., UH< ~L Pieters C. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Radebaugh J* Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B Pieters C. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Rafkin S. Print-Only Presentations Pieters C. Print-Only Presentations RahnT. Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rrn. D Pieters C. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rrn. B Raitala J. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Pilkington M. Impact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D RaitalaJ. Print-Only Presentations Pillinger C. T. Achondrite Potpourri, Tue, a.m., Rrn. D RaizerV. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Pillinger C. T. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Rajrnon D* Lunar Composition ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B Pillinger C. T. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Ramsey M. S. Surface Processes Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Pillinger C. T. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Ramstad J. F. Holey Mars! Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Pillinger C. T. Print-Only Presentations RaoM.N. Mars Meteorology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Pillinger C. T. Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rm. A Rasmussen K. L New Views of the Moon I, Tue, a.m., Rrn. A Pimenov K. Y. Print-Only Presentations Ratcliff J. T* New Views of the Moon II, Tue, p.m., Rm. A Pinet P. C. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Rathbun J. A* Galileo at lo, Mon, p.m., Rm. B Pinsky L S. Print-Only Presentations Rathbun J. A. Holey Mars! Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Pirkhoffer E. Print-Only Presentations RayR. D. Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Pischel R. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Raymond C. A* Mars: Troughs, Tectonics ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. C Pizzi A. Mars: Troughs, Tectonics ... , Wed, a.m., Rrn. C Raynal P.-1. Stardust ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Plassmann J. H. Small Body ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Raynal P.-1. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed. a.m., Rm. D Plaut J. J. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Redding B. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL

164 31st LPSC Program Index Reedy R. C. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Rothery D. A. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Reedy R. C. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Roush T. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL ReedyR. C. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Roush T. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Reedy R. C. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Roush T. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Reese C. C. Holey Mars! Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Roush T.* Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Reese Y. Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A Rowland S. K. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Reese Y. Dating the Moon: Impact ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B Rowland S. K. Surface Processes Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Reid A.M. Ordinary Chondrites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Rowlands D. D. Mars Geophysics, Mon, p.m., Rm. C Reidel S. P. Even Mars ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL RubinA.E* Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A ReiffP. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL RubinA. E. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Reimold W. U.* Impact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D Rubin A. E. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Reimold W. U. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Rubin A. E. Print-Only Presentations Reisener R. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Rubincam D.P. Small Body ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Rice J. W. Jr. Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rm. C Rucklidge J. C. New Meteorites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Rice J. W. Jr* Mars, Mon, a.m., Rm. C RuebD. Print-Only Presentations Rice J. W. Jr. Angry Red Planet Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Rtidenauer F. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Richardson D. C. Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B RuffS. W* Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rm. D Richardson J. W. Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A RuffS. W. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Richardson J. W. Print-Only Presentations RuizJ. Print-Only Presentations Richardson M. I. Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rm. D RumbleD. New Views of the Moon I, Tue, a.m., Rm. A Richie J. Mars Mapping Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL RushmerT* Planetary Interior Processes, Mon, p.m., Rm. D Richter F. M* Refractory Inclusions, Wed, a.m., Rm. A Russell B. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Riciputi L. R. Martian Meteorites II, Mon, p.m., Rm. A Russell B. Print-Only Presentations RiedlerW. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Russell C. T. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C RiedlerW. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D Russell P. S. Print-Only Presentations Ries B. L. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Russell P. S. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Rietmeijer F. J. M.* Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D Russell S. S. Achondrite Potpourri Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Righter K.* Planetary Interior Processes, Mon, p.m., Rm. D RussellS. S. CAis, Condensation... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Righter K. New Views of the Moon I, Tue, a.m., Rm. A RussellS. S. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Righter K. Print-Only Presentations RussellS. S. Refractory Inclusions, Wed, a.m., Rm. A Riley J. Europa, Thu, p.m., Rm. C RussellS. S. Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A Ringrose T. J. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL RussellS. S* Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m., Rm. B Ringrose T. J. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL RussellS. S. New Meteorites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Rivers M. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Rutherford M. J. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Rivers M. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D Ruzicka A Martian Magnetics Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Rivkin AS. Small Body ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Ruzicka A Ordinary Chondrites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL RoarkJ. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Ryan J. New Views of the Moon I, Tue, a.m., Rm. A Roark J. Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A Ryan J. G. Martian Meteorites II, Mon, p.m., Rm. A RoarkJ. Holey Mars! Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Ryder G. Dating the Moon: Impact ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B Roatsch T. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Ryerson F. J. Planetary Interior Processes, Mon, p.m., Rm. D Roatsch T. Print-Only Presentations SadaP. V. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Robbins L. L. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Sahijpal S. Print-Only Presentations Robert F. Chemistry and Physics, Mon, a.m., Rm. B Sainz-Rojas J. Surface Processes Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Robert F. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Saito A Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Robert F. Print-Only Presentations Saito J. Print-Only Presentations Robertson S. Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m., Rm. B Sakimoto S. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Robinson M. * NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Sakimoto S. Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A RobinsonM. Even Mars ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Sakimoto S. Holey Mars! Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL RobinsonM. NEAR Relations Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Sakimoto S.* Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rm. C RobinsonM. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Sakimoto S. Mars: Lumps, Bumps, ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. C RobinsonM. Ordinary Chondrites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Sakimoto S. Angry Red Planet Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL RobinsonM. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Sakimoto S. Mars: Other Red ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL RobinsonM. Print-Only Presentations Salisbury J. W. Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rm. D Roddy D. J. Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A Salisbury J. W. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Roddy D. J. Print-Only Presentations Sandstrom T. A. Mars Mapping Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Rodionova J. F. Print-Only Presentations Sanloup C. Print-Only Presentations Rodriguez N. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Santo A. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C RoeL. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Sasaki S. Print-Only Presentations Romanek C. S. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Saunders J. R. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Rornstedt J. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Saunders R. S. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL RomstedtJ. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D Savarino J. Martian Meteorites II, Mon, p.m., Rm. A Rose D. E. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Saxton J. Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m., Rm. B Roshchina I. A. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Schaeffer J. Mars, Mon, a.m., Rm. C Roshchina I. A. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Scheeres D. J. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C RosiekM. R. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Schenk P. Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B Rosk6F. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Schenk P. Mars: Lumps, Bumps, ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. C Rossi A P. Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rm. C Schenk P* Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Rossi A P. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Scherer P. Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A Rossi A P. Mars: Troughs, Tectonics ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. C Schilk A J. Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m., Rm. B RostD. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Schlutter D. J. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D

31st LPSC Program Index 165 Schmitt B. Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B Shaw C. S. J. Print-Only Presentations Schmitt B. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Shearer C. K.* New Views of the Moon I, Tue, a.m., Rm. A Schmitt H. H.* New Views of the Moon II, Tue, p.m., Rm. A Shearer C. K. * New Views of the Moon II, Tue, p.m., Rm. A Schmitt H. H. Print-Only Presentations Shearer C. K. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Schmitt R. T. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Shearer C. K. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Schnabel C. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Shearer C. K. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Schneider D. M. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Shearer C. K. Print-Only Presentations Schnetzler C. Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A Shelfer T. D. Print-Only Presentations Schreiber H. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Shelfer T. D. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Schroeder I. Cosmogenic Nuclides Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Sheridan M. F. Planetary Volcanism ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. D Schukolyukov Yu. A. Print-Only Presentations Sherman D. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Schultz L. Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A Shestopalov D. I. Print-Only Presentations Schultz L. Enstatite Chondrites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Shevchenko V. G. Print-Only Presentations Schultz L. Print-Only Presentations Shevchenko V. V. Print-Only Presentations Schultz P. H. Impact I, Mon, a.m., Rm. D Shih C.-Y* Dating the Moon: Impact ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B Schultz P. H.* New Views of the Moon II, Tue, p.m., Rm. A Shingareva T.V. Print-Only Presentations Schultz P. H. Shock Processes ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Shirai T. CAis, Condensation ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Schultz P. H. Impact Theory ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Shiraishi A. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Schultz P. H. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Shirono S. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Schultz P. H* Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A Shkuratov Yu. G. Europa, Thu, p.m., Rm. C Schultz R. A. Even Mars ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Shkuratov Yu. G. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Schultz R. A* Mars: Troughs, Tectonics ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. C Shkuratov Yu. G. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Schultz R. A. Print-Only Presentations Shock E. L. Europa, Thu, p.m., Rm. C Schuster P* Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B Shock E. L. Europa Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL SchuttJ. W. Impact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D Shrine N. R. G* Impact I, Mon, a.m., Rm. D Schutz A. E. Instrumental Tech. Posters. Tue, p.m., UHCL Shukolyukov A* Achondrite Potpourri, Tue, a.m., Rm. D Schwandt C. Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A Shuvalov V. V. Impact Theory ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Schwandt C. Dating the Moon: Impact ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B SiegerM. T. Europa Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Schwandt C. Ordinary Chondrites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL SikA. Print-Only Presentations Schwandt C. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL SimonS. B* Refractory Inclusions, Wed, a.m., Rm. A Schwandt C. Mars Meteorology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Simonelli D. P. Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B Schwandt C. Mars Surface: Remote .... Fri, a.m., Rm. B Simonelli D.P. Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Schwandt C. Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C Simpson R. A. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Scott D. H. Angry Red Planet Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Simpson R. A. Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Scott E. D. Print-Only Presentations Simpson R. A.* Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Scott E. R. D. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL SimsM. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Scott E. R. D. Formation ... Posters, Thu, p.m .. UHCL Sindelar M. CAis, Condensation... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Scott H. P* Planetary Interior Processes, Mon, p.m., Rm. D Singhvi A. K. Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A Sears D. W. G. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Sinyaeva N. V. Print-Only Presentations Sears D. W. G. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Sisterson J. M. Cosmogenic Nuclides Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Sears D. W. G. Meteorite Chronology .... Wed, p.m., Rm. A Sjogren W. L. Mars Geophysics, Mon, p.m., Rm. C Sears D. W. G. Ordinary Chondrites Postt-rs, Thu, p.m., UHCL Skala R. * Impact I, Mon, a.m., Rm. D Sears D. W. G. Print-Only Presentations Skala R. Iron Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL See T. H. Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B Skiba T. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL See T. H. Impact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D Skinner 1. A. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL See T. H. Print-Only Presentations Skripnik A. Y a. Print-Only Presentations Sekine T. Achondrite Potpourri, Tue, a.m., Rm. D SladeM. A. Mercury Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Sekine T. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B SladeM. A. Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Semenova A. S. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL SladeM. A. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Semenova A. S. Print-Only Presentations Slater D. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Semenova A. S. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Slavney S. Mars Mapping Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Semenova L. F. Print-Only Presentations SMART-I Team Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Semenova T. S. Print-Only Presentations Smelror M. Impact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D Semjonova L. F. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Smith A. J. Europa, Thu, p.m., Rm. C Semjonova L. F. Print -Only Presentations Smith C. L. * Achondrite Potpourri, Tue, a.m., Rm. D Semjonova L. F. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Smith D. E.* Mars Geophysics, Mon, p.m., Rm. C Senshu H* Mars Geophysics, Mon, p.m., Rm. C Smith D. E. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Senske D. A* Venus Geophysics ... , Thu, p.m., Rm. A Smith D. E. Mars: Lumps, Bumps, ... ,Wed, p.m., Rm. C Sephton M.A. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Smith D. E. Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rm. D Sephton M.A. Print-Only Presentations Smith G. A. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Sephton M. A. Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C Smith M. K. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Sepp B. Print -Only Presentations Smith M.P. Martian Meteorites II, Mon, p.m., Rm. A Serviss O. E. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Smith P. Mars Meteorology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Shandera S. E. Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Sr::ith P.* Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B Sharma S. K. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Sr .1th P. Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rm. D SharmaS. K. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL SmolarT. Chemistry and Physics, Mon, a.m., Rm. B Sharp T. G. Shock Processes ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Smrekar S. E. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Sharp T. G. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Smrekar S. E. Mars: Troughs, Tectonics ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. C Sharpton V. L. Venus Geophysics ... , Thu, p.m., Rm. A Smrekar S. E. Venus Geophysics ... , Thu, p.m., Rm. A Shashkina V. P. Print-Only Presentations Smrekar S. E. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL

166 31st LPSC Program Index Smythe W. D.* Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B Stevenson D.* Europa, Thu, p.m., Rm. C SmytheW.D. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Stevenson D. Europa Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL SmytheW.D. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Stewart E. M. * Venus Geophysics ... , Thu, p.m., Rm. A SmytheW. D. Print-Only Presentations Stewart R. R. Impact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D Snyder G. A. New Views of the Moon I, Tue, a.m., Rm. A Stirling J. A. R. Print-Only Presentations Snyder G. A* Dating the Moon: Impact ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B Stites W. E. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Snyder G. A. Print-Only Presentations StoccoM. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Snyder Hale A.* Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Stockbauer D. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Socki R. A. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Stoddard P. Print-Only Presentations SockiR. A. Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A StofanE. R. Mars: Troughs, Tectonics ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. C SockiR. A. Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C Stofan E. R. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Soderblom L. A. Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B Stofan E. R. Print-Only Presentations Soderblom L. A. Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rm. C Sttiffler D* Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A Soderblom L. A. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL S!Offler D. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Soderblom L. A. Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A Stoker C. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Soderblom L. A. Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Stoker C. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL SoleM. Print-Only Presentations Stoker C. Mars: Other Red ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Solomatov V. S. Holey Mars! Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Stooke P. 1. Mars: Other Red ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Solomatov V. S. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Stooke P. 1. Small Body ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Solomon C. 1. Impact Theory ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Strange R. L. Print-Only Presentations SolomonS. C.* Mars Geophysics, Mon, p.m., Rm. C Strebel R. Presolar Grains Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Solomon S. C. Venus Geophysics ... , Thu, p.m., Rm. A Strebel R. Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rm. A SoltP. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Stroganov I. A. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Sorge C. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Stroganov I. A. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B SotinC. Europa Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL StromR. G. Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rm. C Spalding R. E. Impact Theory ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Strom R. G. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Spaun N. A* Europa, Thu, p.m., Rm. C Strom R. G. Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A SpaunN. A. Europa Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Sucharski R. Print-Only Presentations Spencer 1. R. Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B Sucharski R. Mars Mapping Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Spencer 1. R. Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Sugita S.* Impact I, Mon, a.m., Rm. D Spettel B. New Meteorites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Sugiura N. Refractory Inclusions, Wed, a.m., Rm. A SpildeM. N. Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B Sugiura N. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL SpildeM. N. Print-Only Presentations Sullivan R. Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rm. C Spray 1. G. Impact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D Sullivan R. * Mars: Lumps, Bumps, ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. C Spray 1. G. Shock Processes ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Sullivan R. Mars Meteorology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Spray 1. G. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Sullivan R. Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B Sprenke K. F. Martian Magnetics Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Sullivan R. Mars: Other Red ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Spudis P. New Views of the Moon II, Tue, p.m., Rm. A Sumners C. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Spudis P* Lunar Composition ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B Sunshine 1. M. Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B Spudis P. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Sunshine 1. M. Print-Only Presentations Squyres S. W. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C SuttonS. R. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Squyres S. W. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL SuttonS. R. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Squyres S. W. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL SuttonS. R* Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D Squyres S. W. Holey Mars! Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL SuttonS. R. Stardust ... Posters; Thu, p.m., UHCL Srinivasan G. Achondrite Potpourri, Tue, a.m., Rm. D Suzuki T. CAis, Condensation... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Stadermann F. 1. Chemistry and Physics, Mon, a.m., Rm. B Suzuki Y. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Stadermann F. 1. CAis, Condensation... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL SwanP. Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rm. A Stadermann F. 1* Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D SweetM. R. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL StaidM. New Views of the Moon II, Tue, p.m., Rm. A Swindle T. D. Shock Processes ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Standish E. M. Mercury Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Swindle T. D. Dating the Moon: Impact ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B Stansbery E. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Swindle T. D. Presolar Grains Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Stansbery E. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Swint G. S. Formation ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Starr R. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Swinyard B. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Starr R. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Sylvester P. Iron Meteorites, Mon, p.m., Rm. A Starukhina L. V. Mercury Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Sylvester P. Planetary Interior Processes, Mon, p.m., Rm. D Starukhina L. V. Print-Only Presentations Syrowatka F. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D Steele A* Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Szabo Soki L. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Steele A. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Szakmany Gy. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Stemmerrnann P. Stardust: Collected, ... ,Wed, a.m., Rm. D SzymczykE. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Stenzel H. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D Tachibana S. CA!s, Condensation ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Stephan T. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL TajikaE. Mars Meteorology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Stephan T* Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C TakanoT. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Stepinski T. F* Origins of Planet. Sys., Wed, p.m., Rm. D Takeuchi T. Origins of Planet. Sys., Wed, p.m., Rm. D SternS. A. Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B Tamppari L. K. Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B SternS. A. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Tanaka H. Chemistry and Physics, Mon, a.m., Rm. B SternS. A. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Tanaka H.* Origins of Planet. Sys., Wed, p.m., Rm. D SternS. A. Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Tanaka H. Formation ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Sterner R. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Tanaka K. K* Chemistry and Physics, Mon, a.m., Rm. B Stevenson D. Mars Geophysics, Mon, p.m., Rm. C Tanaka K. L. * Mars, Mon, a.m., Rm. C Stevenson D. New Views of the Moon II, Tue, p.m., Rm. A Tanaka K. L. Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rm. C

31st LPSC Program Index 167 Tanaka K. L. Mars Mapping Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Tompkins S. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Tanaka K. L. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Toporski 1. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Tanaka K. L* Mars: Troughs, Tectonics ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. C Toporski 1. K. W.* Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Tanaka K. L. Mars: Lumps, Bumps, ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. C Toporski 1. K. W. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Tanaka K. L. Mars: Other Red ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Torices A. Print-Only Presentations Tanaka K. L. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Torkar K. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Tanaka K. L. Print-Only Presentations Torkar K. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D Taunton A. E. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Torok K. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Taylor D. S. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Toscano M. Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m., Rm. B Taylor D. S. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL TostW. Education Posters. Tue, p.m., UHCL Taylor D. S. Print-Only Presentations Toth B. A. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Taylor G. J. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Towner M. C. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Taylor G. J. Lunar Composition ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B TownerM. C. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Taylor G. J. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL TownerM. C. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Taylor G. J. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Tracadas P. W. * Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rm. D Taylor G. J. Formation ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Treiman A. H. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Taylor L.A. New Views of the Moon I, Tue, a.m., Rm. A Treiman A. H. Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A Taylor L.A. CAis, Condensation... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Treiman A. H. Mars: Lumps, Bumps, ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. C Taylor L. A.* Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed. :1m., Rm. B Treiman A. H.* Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C TaylorL. A. Dating the Moon: Impact ... , We,. p.m., Rm. B Trilling D. E. Small Body ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Taylor L.A. Ordinary Chondrites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Trombka J. I.* NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Taylor L.A. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Trombka J. I. Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B Taylor L.A. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Trubetskaya I. A. Impact Theory ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Taylor L.A. Print-Only Presentations Tsairides C.* Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C TaylorM. R. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Tsuchiyama A. CAis, Condensation ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL TaylorP. T. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Tsuchiyama A. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL TaylorP. T. Mars: Troughs, Tectonics ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. C Tufts B. R.* Europa, Thu, p.m., Rm. C Teeter G. Europa Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Tufts B. R. Print-Only Presentations Tejfel V. G. Print-Only Presentations Turcotte D. L* Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rm. C Telouk P. Print-Only Presentations Turner G. Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A Tepley F. J. III Achondrite Potpourri Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Turner G. Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A Tera F.* Planetary Interior Processes, Mon, p.m., Rm. D Turtle E.* Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B The L.-S. Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rm. A Turtle E. Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Thiemens M. H. Chemistry and Physics, Mon, a.m., Rm. B Tuttle D. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Thiemens M. H. Martian Meteorites II, Mon, p.m., Rm. A Tyburczy J. A. Clementine Posters, Thu. p.m., UHCL Thiemens M. H. Print-Only Presentations Tyler G. L. Mars Geophysics, Mon. p.m., Rm. C Tholen D. 1. Print-Only Presentations Tyler G. L. Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Thomas C. Europa Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Tyler G. L. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Thomas H. J. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Uesugi K. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL ThomasN. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Ullmann1. Cosmogenic Nuclides Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Thomas P. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Ulyanov A. A. Chemistry and Physics, Mon, a.m., Rm. B Thomas P. NEAR Relations Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Ulyanov A. A. CAis, Condensation ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL ThomasP. Mars: Lumps, Bumps, ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. C Ulyanov A. A. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Thomas P. Mars: Other Red ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Umetani K. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Thomas P. * Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rm. C Urquhart M. L. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Thomas P. 1.* Europa, Thu, p.m., Rm. C Urquhart M. L. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Thomas-Keprta K. Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A Ushikubo T. * Refractory Inclusions, Wed, a.m., Rm. A Thomas-Keprta K. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Ustinova G. K. Print-Only Presentations Thomas-Keprta K. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL ValiH. Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C Thornas-Keprta K. Martian Meteorites II, Mon, p.m., Rm. A Valter A. A. Print-Only Presentations Thomas-Keprta K. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Van Cleave K. A. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Thomas-Keprta K. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL van der Bogert C. H. Shock Processes ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Thomas-Keprta K* Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C Van Keulen L. Europa Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Thompson K. T. Mars Mapping Posters, Tue, p.m .. UHCL Vanhala H. A. T* Origins of Planet. Sys., Wed, p.m., Rm. D Thompson P. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL VarelaM. E. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Thompson T. W. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m .. UHCL Varley L. R. Print-Only Presentations Thomson B. Mars: Other Red ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Vasut1. A. Formation ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Thomson B. Print-Only Presentations Vdovichenko R. V. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Thomson B. 1. Angry Red Planet Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Veeder G. 1. Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B Thonnard N. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL VelbelM. A. Print-Only Presentations Thorsos I. E. Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A Velikodsky Yu. I. Print-Only Presentations Throop H. B. Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Venable R. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Tis sandier L. * Chemistry and Physics, Mon, a.m., Rm. B Verchovsky A. B. Print-Only Presentations Titus T. N. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Verchovsky A. B.* Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rm. A Tobola K. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Verish R. S. Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A TodaY. New Views ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Veverka 1* NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Togashi S. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Veverka 1. Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rm. C Tomasko M. G. Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rm. D Veverka J. NEAR Relations Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Tomeoka K. New Meteorites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Veverka J. Mars: Lumps, Bumps, ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. C Tompkins S. Lunar Composition ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B Veverka J. Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D

31st LPSC Program Index 168 ------Veverka J. Mars: Other Red ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Wdowiak T. J. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL V ezolainen A. V. Impact Theory ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Wdowiak T. J. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL V ezolainen A. V. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Wdowiak T. 1. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Vicenzi E. P. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Weber I. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Vid'rnachenko A. P. Print-Only Presentations Weidenschilling S. 1.* Origins of Planet. Sys., Wed, p.m., Rm. D Vilas F. Small Body ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Weidenschilling S. 1. Print-Only Presentations VilhuO. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Weisberg M. K. CAis, Condensation... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL VIMSTeam Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Weisberg M. K.* Origins of Chondritic Metal, Thu, p.m., Rm. B Vincent]. Cosmogenic Nuclides Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Weisberg M. K. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL VisR. D. Print-Only Presentations Weismann H. Dating the Moon: Impact ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B VocadloL. Planetary Interior ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Weiss B. P.* Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C von Dalwigk I. Impact I, Mon, a.m., Rm. D Weissman P. R* Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B Vondrak R. R. Lunar Remote ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL WeitzC.M. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Voss M. E. Print-Only Presentations Weller L. Print-Only Presentations Wacker J. F. New Meteorites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Wellnitz D. D. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C WadeM. L. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Wellnitz D. D. NEAR Relations Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL WadhwaM.* Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A Welten K. C. Achondrite Potpourri Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Wanke H. Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B Welten K. C.* Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A Waggoner 1. A.* Mars: Lumps, Bumps, ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. C Welten K. C. New Meteorites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL WagnerP. A. Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B Wenker A. Mars: Other Red ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL WagnerP. A. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Wentworth S. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Wagner R. J. Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Wentworth S. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL WagnerR. J. Print-Only Presentations Wentworth S. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Wainwright N. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Wentworth S. Print-Only Presentations Waldron A. M. Education Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Wentworth S* Martian Meteorites II, Mon, p.m., Rm. A WalkerR. Chemistry and Physics, Mon, a.m., Rm. B Wentworth S. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL WalkerR. Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rm. A Wentworth S. Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C Walker R. J. Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A Werner C* New Views of the Moon I, Tue, a.m., Rm. A WalkerR. J. Iron Meteorites, Mon, p.m., Rm. A Westall F. Mars: Holes ... , Thu, a.m., Rm. A WalkerR. J. Origins of Chondri tic Metal, Thu, p.m., Rm. B Westall F* Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Wallis D. Impact Theory ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Westall F. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL WalshM.M. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Westphal A. J. Stardust ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL WalshM.M. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Wetherill G. W. Origins of Planet. Sys., Wed, p.m., Rm. D WalthamN. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Wetherill G. W. Formation ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Wang A. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Whitby C.* Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Wang A. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Whitby J. A. Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A Wang D. New Meteorites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Whitby J. A.* Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A Wang H. Europa Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Whitehead J. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL WangJ. Martian Meteorites II, Mon, p.m., Rm. A Whitelaw D. G. B. Europa, Thu, p.m., Rm. C WangJ. H. Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A Wichman R. W. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Wang M.-S. Print-Only Presentations Wichman R. W. Surface Processes Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL WardM. G. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Wiechert U.* New Views of the Moon I, Tue, a.m., Rm. A Ward W. R.* Origins of Planet. Sys., Wed, p.m., Rm. D Wieczorek M. A.* New Views of the Moon II, Tue, p.m., Rm. A WarnerM.* Impact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D WiegandM. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D WarrenJ. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Wieler R. Iron Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Warren J. NEAR Relations Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Wieler R. Ordinary Chondrites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL WarrenP.H* Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A WielerR. Cosmogenic Nuclides Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Warren P. H.* New Views of the Moon II, Tue, p.m., Rm. A WielerR. Print-Only Presentations WarrenP. H. Achondrite Potpourri Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Wiens R. C. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL WarrenP. H. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Wiens R.C. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL WarrenP. H. Print-Only Presentations Wiesrnann H. Martian Meteorites I, Mon, a.m., Rm. A Washington P. A. Mars, Mon, a.m., Rm. C WiesmannH. Dating the Moon: Impact ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B Wasilewski P. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL WikswoJ. P. Astrobiology: Meteorites, Fri, a.m., Rm. C Wasilewski P. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Wilkins S. Even Mars ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Wasilewski P. Mars: Troughs, Tectonics ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. C Wilkins S.* Mars: Troughs, Tectonics ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. C Wasserburg G. J. Iron Meteorites, Mon, p.m., Rm. A Wilkison S. L. Ordinary Chondrites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Wasserburg G. J. Achondrite Potpourri, Tue, a.m., Rm. D Williams B. G. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Wasserburg G. 1. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Williams D. A. Galileo at Io, Mon, p.m., Rm. B Wasserburg G. J. Refractory Inclusions, Wed, a.m., Rm. A Williams D. A. Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Wasserburg G. J. Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A Williams D. A. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Wasserburg G. 1. Origins of Chondritic Metal, Thu, p.m., Rm. B Williams D. A. Planetary Volcanism ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. D Wasserman A. A. Martian Meteorites Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Williams!. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Wasson 1. T* Refractory Inclusions, Wed, a.m., Rm. A Williams]. New Views of the Moon II, Tue, p.m., Rm. A Wasson J. T. Print-Only Presentations Williams K. K. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Waters L. B. F. M. Stardust: Collected, ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. D WilliamsQ. Planetary Interior Processes, Mon, p.m., Rm. D Watkinson D. H. Impact II, Tue, p.m., Rm. D Williams R. M* Mars, Mon, a.m., Rm. C Watson J. K. Print-Only Presentations Williams R. M. Mars Geophysics, Mon, p.m., Rm. C Watters T. R. Even Mars ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Wilson G. Mars Meteorology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Watters T. R. Clementine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Wilson G. C. New Meteorites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Watters T. R. Print-Only Presentations Wilson G. R.* Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rm. D

31st LPSC Program Index 169 Wilson L.* Asteroids and Comets, Tue, p.m., Rm. B YoungE. Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m., Rm. B Wilson L. Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL YoungL. A. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Wilson L.* Mars: Troughs, Tectonics ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. C YoungL. A* Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Wilson L. Origins ofChondritic Metal, Thu, p.m., Rm. B YoungR. Dating the Moon: Impact ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B Wilson L. Angry Red Planet Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL YuY. Origins of Chondritic Metal, Thu, p.m., Rm. B Wilson L. Europa Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Yuan G. H. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Wilson L. Print-Only Presentations YurimotoH. CAis, Condensation ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Wilson T. L. Print-Only Presentations Yurimoto H.* Refractory Inclusions, Wed, a.m., Rm. A Winsor S. K. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Zabalueva E. V. Print-Only Presentations Wirick S. Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Zahnle K. Impact Theory ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Wirick S. Presolar Grains Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Zahnle K* Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D Withers P. Mars Meteorology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Zakharian A. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Withers P. Small Body ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Zanda B. Achondrite Potpourri, Tue, a.m., Rm. D WlotzkaF. Meteorite Chronology ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. A Zanda B. Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m., Rm. B Wlotzka F. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Zanda B. Origins of Chondritic Metal, Thu, p.m., Rm. B Wlotzka F. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Zanetti L. J. NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Wlotzka F. Print-Only Presentations Zarnecki J. C. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL \\<;:,If D. New Meteorites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Zarnecki J. C. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL WolfU. New Views of the Moon II, Tue, p.m., Rm. A Zebker H. A. Mercury Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL WolfU. Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL ZebkerH. A. Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D WolfU. Lunar Composition ... , Wed, p.m., Rm. B Zebker H. A. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL WolfU. Print-Only Presentations Zeigler R. A. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B WolffM. J. Missions: Mars, Tue, p.m., UHCL Zeigler R. A. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL WoodJ. A.* Masursky Lecture, Mon, p.m., Rm. C Zeigler R. A. Print-Only Presentations WoodJ. A. Origins of Chondritic Metal, Thu, p.m., Rm. B ZeitlerW. Print-Only Presentations WoodJ. A. Print-Only Presentations Zent A. P. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL WoodS. A. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL ZentA. P. Print-Only Presentations Woolum D. Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Zent A. P* Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Woolum D. Cosmogenic Nuclides Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Zhang Y.* Origins of Planet. Sys., Wed, p.m., Rm. D Wright H. Mars: Oceans ... , Tue, p.m., Rm. C ZhongS* Mars Geophysics, Mon, p.m., Rm. C Wright H. Angry Red Planet Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Zhong S. New Views of the Moon I, Tue, a.m., Rm. A Wright I. P. Achondrite Potpourri, Tue, a.m., Rm. D Ziernlewski J. I. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Wright I. P Missions/Experiments Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Zimbelman J. R * Planetary Volcanism ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. D Wright I. P. Stardust ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Zimbelman J. R. Mars, Mon, a.m., Rm. C Wright I. P. Print-Only Presentations Zimmerman S. B. Instrumental Tech. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Wright I. P. Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rm. A Zinner E. CAis, Condensation ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL WuY. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Zinner E* Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rm. A WunB. Ck1nentine Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Zinovieva N. G. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL WyattM. B* Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Zinovieva N. G. Print-Only Presentations Wynn-Williams D. D* Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Zinovieva N. G. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Xiang F. Terrestrial Impact .. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Zipfel 1 CAis, Condensation ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Xiang J. X. Terrestrial Impact ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Zipfel J. Chondrule Petrogenesis, Thu, a.m., Rm. B Xie Z. Shock Processes ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Zipfel J. New Meteorites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Xirouchakis D. Planetary Interior. .. Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Zolensky M. E. New Meteorites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Xirouchakis D. Surface Processes Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Zolensky M. E. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL XueS. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B Zolensky M. E. Ordinary Chondrites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Yada T. New Meteorites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Zolotov M. Yu. Outer Planet ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Yada T. Print-Only Presentations Zolotov M. Yu* Outer Body Experiences, Thu, a.m., Rm. D YagiM. Carbonaceous ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Zolotov M. Yu.* Europa, Thu, p.m., Rm. C Yakovlev O. I. Astrobiology Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Zolotov M. Yu. Europa Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Yakovlev O. I. "Dirt" on Mars Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL ZookH. A. Origins of Planet. Sys., Wed, p.m., Rm. D Yakovlev O. I. Intergrated Lunar Sci. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Zoubkov B. Missions: Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Yakovlev O. I. Mars Surface: Remote ... , Fri, a.m., Rm. B Zoubkov B. Blue Mars Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL Yamaguchi A.* Achondrite Potpourri, Tue, a.m., Rm. D Zuber M. T.* Mars Geophysics, Mon, p.m., Rm. C Yamashita K. Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rm. A Zuber M. T. New Views of the Moon I, Tue, a.m., Rm. A Yamazaki F. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B ZuberM. T* NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Yanai K. Print-Only Presentations Zuber M. T. New Views of the Moon II, Tue, p.m., Rm. A YangS. V. Ordinary Chondrites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Zuber M. T. Even Mars ... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL YanoH. Stardust .. Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Zuber M. T. Mars: Troughs, Tectonics ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. C Yen A. S* Astrobiology, Thu, a.m., Rm. C Zuber M. T. Mars: Lumps, Bumps, ... ,Wed, p.m., Rm. C Yeomans D. K* NEAR at Eros!, Tue, a.m., Rm. C Zuber M. T. Mars: Dirt, Dust, and Air, Thu, p.m., Rm. D Yin Q. Z. Planetary Interior Processes, Mon. p.m., Rm. D Zugin Yu. N. Print-Only Presentations YinQ.Z.* Presolar Grains, Fri, a.m., Rm. A Zwally H. J. Mars Geophysics, Mon, p.m., Rm. C Yingst A. Gardening on the Moon ... , Wed, a.m., Rm. B YingstR. A* Mars Surface: Up Close, Tue, a.m., Rm. B Yoder C. F. New Views of the Moon II, Tue, p.m., Rm. A Yoneda K. New Meteorites Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL Young D. A. Venus Geology ... Posters, Thu, p.m., UHCL YoungE* Chemistry and Physics, Mon, a.m., Rm. B YoungE. CAis, Condensation... Posters, Tue, p.m., UHCL

170 31st LPSC Program Index