Planetary Geologic Mappers Annual Meeting
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Abridged Final Report with Resolutions
Brussels 18–24 September Regional Association VI (Europe) 2009 Fifteenth session Nassau, 18–24 September 2009 XV-RA VI XV-RA WMO-No. 1046 www.wmo.int WMO-No. 1046 Regional Association VI (Europe) Fifteenth session Brussels 18–24 September 2009 Abridged final report with resolutions WMO-No. 1046 WMO-No. 1046 © World Meteorological Organization, 2009 The right of publication in print, electronic and any other form and in any language is reserved by WMO. Short extracts from WMO publications may be reproduced without authorization, provided that the complete source is clearly indicated. Editorial correspondence and requests to publish, reproduce or translate this publication in part or in whole should be addressed to: Chairperson, Publications Board World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 7 bis, avenue de la Paix Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 84 03 P.O. Box 2300 Fax: +41 (0) 22 730 80 40 CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] ISBN 978-92-63-11046-6 NOTE The designations employed in WMO publications and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of WMO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Opinions expressed in WMO publications are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of WMO. The mention of specific companies or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WMO in preference to others of a similar nature which are not mentioned or advertised. -
Back Matter (PDF)
Index Page numbers in italics refer to Tables or Figures Acasta gneiss 137, 138 Chladni, Ernst 94, 97 Adam, Robert 8, 11 chlorite 70, 71 agriculture, Hutton on 177 chloritoid stability 70 Albritton, Claude C. 100 Clerk Jnr, John 3 alumina (A1203), reaction in metamorphism 67-71 Clerk of Odin, John 5, 6, 7, 10, 11 andalusite stability 67 Clerk-Maxwell, George 10 anthropic principle 79-80 climate change 142 Apex basalt 140 Lyell on 97-8 Archean cratons (archons) 28, 31-2 coal as Earth heat source 176 Arizona Crater 98-9 coesite stability 65 Arran, Isle of 170 Columbia River basalts 32 asthenosphere 22 comets 89-90, 147-8 astrobleme 101 short v. long period 92 atmospheric composition 83-6 as source of life 148-9 Austral Volcanic Chain 24 continental flood basalt (CFB) 20, 23, 32 cordierite stability 67 craters, impact Bacon, Francis 21 Chixulub 109, 110, 143 Baldwin, Ralph 102 early ideas on 90, 98 Banks, Sir Joseph 96 modern occurrences 91, 98-101 Barringer, Daniel Moreau 99 Morokweng 142 Barringer Crater 99, 102, 103 modern research 102-3 basalt periodicity of 111-12 described by Hall 40-1 creation, Hutton's views on 76 mid-ocean ridge (MORB) 16-17, 20-1, 22, 23, 30-1 Creech, William 5 modern experiments on 44-7 Cretaceous-Tertiary impacts 141 ocean island (OIB) 20, 23 crust formation 17 see also flood basalt cryptoexplosion structures 101 Benares (India) meteorite shower 96 cryptovolcanic structures 100-1 Biot, Jean-Baptiste 97 Black, Joseph 4, 9, 10, 11, 42, 171 Boon, John D. -
Supervolcanoes Within an Ancient Volcanic Province in Arabia Terra, Mars 2 3 4 Joseph
EMBARGOED BY NATURE 1 1 Supervolcanoes within an ancient volcanic province in Arabia Terra, Mars 2 3 4 Joseph. R. Michalski 1,2 5 1Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, Arizona 85719, [email protected] 6 2Dept. of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom 7 8 Jacob E. Bleacher3 9 3NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA. 10 11 12 Summary: 13 14 Several irregularly shaped craters located within Arabia Terra, Mars represent a 15 new type of highland volcanic construct and together constitute a previously 16 unrecognized martian igneous province. Similar to terrestrial supervolcanoes, these 17 low-relief paterae display a range of geomorphic features related to structural 18 collapse, effusive volcanism, and explosive eruptions. Extruded lavas contributed to 19 the formation of enigmatic highland ridged plains in Arabia Terra. Outgassed sulfur 20 and erupted fine-grained pyroclastics from these calderas likely fed the formation of 21 altered, layered sedimentary rocks and fretted terrain found throughout the 22 equatorial region. Discovery of a new type of volcanic construct in the Arabia 23 volcanic province fundamentally changes the picture of ancient volcanism and 24 climate evolution on Mars. Other eroded topographic basins in the ancient Martian 25 highlands that have been dismissed as degraded impact craters should be 26 reconsidered as possible volcanic constructs formed in an early phase of 27 widespread, disseminated magmatism on Mars. 28 29 30 EMBARGOED BY NATURE 2 31 The source of fine-grained, layered deposits1,2 detected throughout the equatorial 32 region of Mars3 remains unresolved, though the deposits are clearly linked to global 33 sedimentary processes, climate change, and habitability of the surface4. -
Geologic Maps of Washington
GEOLOGIC MAPS OF WASHINGTON DGER GM-53 124° 117° 123° 122° 121° 120° CANADA 119° 118° 49° 49° WASHINGTON STATE PEND DGER OFR 2000-5 WHATCOM DGER OFR 90-5 USA FERRY (scale 1:500,000) OREILLE Roche Mount Bellingham Robinson Oroville Republic Colville Harbor Baker Mtn 125° OKANOGAN DGER OFR 2003-17 48°30 USGS Map I-2660 DGER OFR 90-10 DGER OFR 90-13 48°30 CANADA DGER OFR 90-11 SAN USA Port JUAN SKAGIT DGER DGER OFR 90-12 ISLAND OFR 90-9 Cape Angeles Port Sauk Nespelem Chewelah Flattery Townsend River Twisp Omak USGS Map I-1198F DGER OFR 2003-5 DGER OFR 2003-6 DGER DGER OFR 90-14 48° USGS Map I-1198G USGS Map I -2592 OFR 95-3 DGER OFR 90-16 48° CLALLAM USGS OFR 93-233 STEVENS IDAHO SNOHOMISH DOUGLAS JEFFERSON USGS OFR 91-147 CHELAN Mount Coulee Forks Seattle Skykomish Banks Spokane Olympus River Chelan Lake Dam DGER OFR 2000-4 DGER OFR 2003-4 DGER OFR 90-17 47°30 KITSAP USGS Map I-1963 USGS Map I-1661 DGER OFR 90-6 DGER OFR 90-15 47°30 GRAYS GIS data only KING LINCOLN SPOKANE Copalis HARBOR GRANT Snoqualmie Moses Beach Shelton Tacoma Wenatchee Ritzville Rosalia MASON Pass Lake DGER OFR 2003-16 KITTITAS DGER OFR 2003-15 47° DGER OFR 87-3 USGS Map I-2538 USGS Map I-1311 DGER OFR 90-1 DGER OFR 90-2 DGER OFR 90-7 47° WHITMAN PIERCE ADAMS THURSTON Westport Chehalis Mount Priest Pullman River Centralia Yakima Connell LEWIS Rainier Rapids FRANKLIN DGER DGER OFR 87-8 DGER OFR 87-8 DGER 46°30 DGER OFR 87-11 DGER OFR 87-16 OFR 86-4 OFR 94-12 DGER OFR 94-13 DGER OFR 94-14 DGER OFR 94-6 46°30 PACIFIC GARFIELD YAKIMA DGER COLUMBIA OFR 86-3 BENTON Ilwaco WAHKIAKUM Mount Clarkston Mount Richland Walla Walla Astoria St. -
Exploring Comets and Modeling for Mission Success
Exploring Comets and Modeling for Mission Success National Science Education Standards Alignment Created for Deep Impact, A NASA Discovery mission Maura Rountree-Brown and Art Hammon Educator-Enrichment Grades 5 – 8 Science as Inquiry Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry − Identify questions that can be answered through scientific investigations. • Exploring Comets: Reflections on comets, missions and modeling − Develop descriptions, explanations, predictions, and models using evidence. • Make a Comet and Eat It!, Chemistry and Thermodynamics of Ice Cream, Comet on a Stick, Paper Comet with a Deep Impact, and Comet Models Based on the Deep Impact Mission − Think critically and logically to make the relationships between evidence and explanations. • Make a Comet and Eat It!, Comet on a Stick, Paper Comet with a Deep Impact, and Comet Models Based on the Deep Impact Mission − Communicate scientific procedures and explanations. • Make a Comet and Eat It! Understandings about scientific inquiry − Different kinds of questions suggest different kinds of scientific investigations. Some investigations involve observing and describing objects, or events; some involve experiments; some involve seeking more information; some involve discovery of new objects and phenomena; and some involve making models. • Make a Comet and Eat It!, Chemistry and Thermodynamics of Ice Cream, Comet on a Stick, Paper Comet with a Deep Impact, Comet Models Based on the Deep Impact Mission, and Deep Impact Comet Modeling − Current scientific knowledge and understanding guide scientific investigations. Different scientific domains employ different methods, core theories, and standards to advance scientific knowledge and understanding. • A Comet’s Place in the Solar System, Exploring Comets: Reflections on comets, missions and modeling, Deep Impact Comet Modeling, Deep Impact: Interesting Comet Facts, and Small Bodies Missions − Scientific explanations emphasize evidence, have logically consistent arguments, and use scientific principles, models, and theories. -
General Vertical Files Anderson Reading Room Center for Southwest Research Zimmerman Library
“A” – biographical Abiquiu, NM GUIDE TO THE GENERAL VERTICAL FILES ANDERSON READING ROOM CENTER FOR SOUTHWEST RESEARCH ZIMMERMAN LIBRARY (See UNM Archives Vertical Files http://rmoa.unm.edu/docviewer.php?docId=nmuunmverticalfiles.xml) FOLDER HEADINGS “A” – biographical Alpha folders contain clippings about various misc. individuals, artists, writers, etc, whose names begin with “A.” Alpha folders exist for most letters of the alphabet. Abbey, Edward – author Abeita, Jim – artist – Navajo Abell, Bertha M. – first Anglo born near Albuquerque Abeyta / Abeita – biographical information of people with this surname Abeyta, Tony – painter - Navajo Abiquiu, NM – General – Catholic – Christ in the Desert Monastery – Dam and Reservoir Abo Pass - history. See also Salinas National Monument Abousleman – biographical information of people with this surname Afghanistan War – NM – See also Iraq War Abousleman – biographical information of people with this surname Abrams, Jonathan – art collector Abreu, Margaret Silva – author: Hispanic, folklore, foods Abruzzo, Ben – balloonist. See also Ballooning, Albuquerque Balloon Fiesta Acequias – ditches (canoas, ground wáter, surface wáter, puming, water rights (See also Land Grants; Rio Grande Valley; Water; and Santa Fe - Acequia Madre) Acequias – Albuquerque, map 2005-2006 – ditch system in city Acequias – Colorado (San Luis) Ackerman, Mae N. – Masonic leader Acoma Pueblo - Sky City. See also Indian gaming. See also Pueblos – General; and Onate, Juan de Acuff, Mark – newspaper editor – NM Independent and -
194 Pro Pro Pro
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Martian Crater Morphology
ANALYSIS OF THE DEPTH-DIAMETER RELATIONSHIP OF MARTIAN CRATERS A Capstone Experience Thesis Presented by Jared Howenstine Completion Date: May 2006 Approved By: Professor M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Professor Christopher Condit, Geology Professor Judith Young, Astronomy Abstract Title: Analysis of the Depth-Diameter Relationship of Martian Craters Author: Jared Howenstine, Astronomy Approved By: Judith Young, Astronomy Approved By: M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Approved By: Christopher Condit, Geology CE Type: Departmental Honors Project Using a gridded version of maritan topography with the computer program Gridview, this project studied the depth-diameter relationship of martian impact craters. The work encompasses 361 profiles of impacts with diameters larger than 15 kilometers and is a continuation of work that was started at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, Texas under the guidance of Dr. Walter S. Keifer. Using the most ‘pristine,’ or deepest craters in the data a depth-diameter relationship was determined: d = 0.610D 0.327 , where d is the depth of the crater and D is the diameter of the crater, both in kilometers. This relationship can then be used to estimate the theoretical depth of any impact radius, and therefore can be used to estimate the pristine shape of the crater. With a depth-diameter ratio for a particular crater, the measured depth can then be compared to this theoretical value and an estimate of the amount of material within the crater, or fill, can then be calculated. The data includes 140 named impact craters, 3 basins, and 218 other impacts. The named data encompasses all named impact structures of greater than 100 kilometers in diameter. -
Orbital Detection and Implications of Akaganeite on Mars
45th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2014) 2364.pdf ORBITAL DETECTION AND IMPLICATIONS OF AKAGANEITE ON MARS. J. Carter1, C. Viviano-Beck2, L. Le Deit3, J. Bishop4, D. Loizeau5, 1IAS (Paris-Sud University, France, [email protected]), 2JHU/APL (Laurel, MD), 3LPGN (Nantes University, France), 4SETI Institute (Mountain View, CA), 5LGL (Lyon 1 University, France). Introduction: Recent orbital and landed investiga- lands, and intertidal marshes; and within hydrothermal tions of the Martian surface have demonstrated that the brines [13,14,15,16]. The main conditions necessary planet underwent a complex geological and aqueous for akaganéite precipitation are high salinity, mild acid- alteration history, fragments of which are recorded in ity (pH ~6), oxidizing conditions, and most important- the mineralogy of the heavily disrupted surface [1,2,3]. ly, high iron (II/III) and chlorine concentrations. On Of particular interest are aqueously altered minerals Earth, the source of Fe in akaganéite formation is typi- that trace warmer and wetter surface environments on cally iron ore or sulfides (the latter also providing acid- Early Mars, some of which also exhibit biogenic for- ity as they dissolve) [15,16]. Highly concentrated chlo- mation pathways [4,5]. rine occurs within volcanic fumaroles or deep sea vents The most abundant alteration minerals on Mars that as well as within evaporating, closed or semi-closed have likely been detected are hydrated silicates, hy- water systems [15,16,17]. drated sulfates, and chloride salts [6,7,8]. The detection of minor phases remains important, however, as they further constrain localized geochemical environments at different epochs in the timeline of Mars’s geological history. -
Winds in the Lower Cloud Level on the Nightside of Venus from VIRTIS-M (Venus Express) 1.74 Μm Images
atmosphere Article Winds in the Lower Cloud Level on the Nightside of Venus from VIRTIS-M (Venus Express) 1.74 µm Images Dmitry A. Gorinov * , Ludmila V. Zasova, Igor V. Khatuntsev, Marina V. Patsaeva and Alexander V. Turin Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; [email protected] (L.V.Z.); [email protected] (I.V.K.); [email protected] (M.V.P.); [email protected] (A.V.T.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The horizontal wind velocity vectors at the lower cloud layer were retrieved by tracking the displacement of cloud features using the 1.74 µm images of the full Visible and InfraRed Thermal Imaging Spectrometer (VIRTIS-M) dataset. This layer was found to be in a superrotation mode with a westward mean speed of 60–63 m s−1 in the latitude range of 0–60◦ S, with a 1–5 m s−1 westward deceleration across the nightside. Meridional motion is significantly weaker, at 0–2 m s−1; it is equatorward at latitudes higher than 20◦ S, and changes its direction to poleward in the equatorial region with a simultaneous increase of wind speed. It was assumed that higher levels of the atmosphere are traced in the equatorial region and a fragment of the poleward branch of the direct lower cloud Hadley cell is observed. The fragment of the equatorward branch reveals itself in the middle latitudes. A diurnal variation of the meridional wind speed was found, as east of 21 h local time, the direction changes from equatorward to poleward in latitudes lower than 20◦ S. -
SFSC Search Down to 4
C M Y K www.newssun.com EWS UN NHighlands County’s Hometown-S Newspaper Since 1927 Rivalry rout Deadly wreck in Polk Harris leads Lake 20-year-old woman from Lake Placid to shutout of AP Placid killed in Polk crash SPORTS, B1 PAGE A2 PAGE B14 Friday-Saturday, March 22-23, 2013 www.newssun.com Volume 94/Number 35 | 50 cents Forecast Fire destroys Partly sunny and portable at Fred pleasant High Low Wild Elementary Fire alarms “Myself, Mr. (Wally) 81 62 Cox and other administra- Complete Forecast went off at 2:40 tors were all called about PAGE A14 a.m. Wednesday 3 a.m.,” Waldron said Wednesday morning. Online By SAMANTHA GHOLAR Upon Waldron’s arrival, [email protected] the Sebring Fire SEBRING — Department along with Investigations into a fire DeSoto City Fire early Wednesday morning Department, West Sebring on the Fred Wild Volunteer Fire Department Question: Do you Elementary School cam- and Sebring Police pus are under way. Department were all on think the U.S. govern- The school’s fire alarms the scene. ment would ever News-Sun photo by KATARA SIMMONS Rhoda Ross reads to youngsters Linda Saraniti (from left), Chyanne Carroll and Camdon began going off at approx- State Fire Marshal seize money from pri- Carroll on Wednesday afternoon at the Lake Placid Public Library. Ross was reading from imately 2:40 a.m. and con- investigator Raymond vate bank accounts a children’s book she wrote and illustrated called ‘A Wildflower for all Seasons.’ tinued until about 3 a.m., Miles Davis was on the like is being consid- according to FWE scene for a large part of ered in Cyprus? Principal Laura Waldron. -
Volcanism on Mars
Author's personal copy Chapter 41 Volcanism on Mars James R. Zimbelman Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA William Brent Garry and Jacob Elvin Bleacher Sciences and Exploration Directorate, Code 600, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA David A. Crown Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA Chapter Outline 1. Introduction 717 7. Volcanic Plains 724 2. Background 718 8. Medusae Fossae Formation 725 3. Large Central Volcanoes 720 9. Compositional Constraints 726 4. Paterae and Tholi 721 10. Volcanic History of Mars 727 5. Hellas Highland Volcanoes 722 11. Future Studies 728 6. Small Constructs 723 Further Reading 728 GLOSSARY shield volcano A broad volcanic construct consisting of a multitude of individual lava flows. Flank slopes are typically w5, or less AMAZONIAN The youngest geologic time period on Mars identi- than half as steep as the flanks on a typical composite volcano. fied through geologic mapping of superposition relations and the SNC meteorites A group of igneous meteorites that originated on areal density of impact craters. Mars, as indicated by a relatively young age for most of these caldera An irregular collapse feature formed over the evacuated meteorites, but most importantly because gases trapped within magma chamber within a volcano, which includes the potential glassy parts of the meteorite are identical to the atmosphere of for a significant role for explosive volcanism. Mars. The abbreviation is derived from the names of the three central volcano Edifice created by the emplacement of volcanic meteorites that define major subdivisions identified within the materials from a centralized source vent rather than from along a group: S, Shergotty; N, Nakhla; C, Chassigny.