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PB 7-12-1 COL WALTER E. PIATT Commandant, Infantry U.S. Army Infantry School JANUARY-MARCH 2012 Volume 101, Number 1 RUSSELL A. ENO Editor FEATURES MICHELLE J. ROWAN 25 BUILDING ON THE PAST AS WE PREPARE FOR THE FUTURE: THE Deputy Editor ARMY’S NEXT TRAINING MODEL LTC Chris Budihas and MAJ Kevin Broadnax TIFFANY M. NABORS 30 CCROWDSOURCING:ROWDSOURCING: A NNEWEW PPERSPECTIVEERSPECTIVE OONN HHUMANUMAN IINTELLIGENCENTELLIGENCE Editorial Assistant CCOLLECTIONOLLECTION IINN A CCOUNTERINSURGENCYOUNTERINSURGENCY MAJ Nick Mumm MARK THOMAS 36 MMURPHY’SURPHY’S LLAWAW — AANYTHINGNYTHING TTHATHAT CCANAN GGOO WWRONGRONG WWILLILL GGOO Editorial Intern WWRONGRONG LTC George B. Inabinet III FRONT COVER: DEPARTMENTS A Soldier with Company A, 1 COMMANDANT’S NOTE 1st Battalion, 2nd Infantry 2 INFANTRY NEWS Regiment, 172nd Infantry Brigade, watches as members 7 PROFESSIONAL FORUM of the Afghan National Army 7 SHONA BA SHONA (SHOULDER TO SHOULDER): THE COMPANY’S ROLE set up a traffi c checkpoint in IN DEVELOPING INDEPENDENT LOCAL NATIONAL FORCES Paktika Province, Afghanistan, on 9 March 2012. (Photo by CPT Erich J. Almonte SGT Ken Scar) 13 OPERATION HOMESTEAD: TRANSITIONING THE MISSION IN IRAQ FROM DOD TO THE STATE DEPARMENT LTC Chip Daniels and CPT James R. Vance BACK COVER: 19 COMPETENT TOW/ITAS TEAMS CREATE UNMATCHED LETHALITY 1LT Nicholas P. Orzechowski A Soldier with the 4th Brigade Combat Team (Airborne), 25th Infantry Division conducts a security patrol in Paktya 20 EGYPTIAN GEN MOHAMED FAWZI — PART I: REFLECTIONS ON DEEP Province, Afghanistan, on 30 January 2012. (Photo by SSG STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS LEADING TO THE 1967 SIX-DAY WAR DEFEAT Jason Epperson) CDR Youssef Aboul-Enein, U.S. Navy 41 TRAINING NOTES 41 U.S. ARMY RANGER SCHOOL: HOW TO PREPARE, AVOID PITFALLS 4th Ranger Training Battalion This medium is approved for official 44 A BATTLE IN EVERY CLASSROOM: USING LOW-OVERHEAD dissemination of material designed to keep SIMULATIONS TO PRODUCE EXPERIENCED CAPTAINS AND MAJORS individuals within the Army knowledgeable of LTC Chuck Allen and Dr. James Sterrett current and emerging developments within 48 11TH ACR SHARES EIB LESSONS LEARNED their areas of expertise for the purpose of SGM Louis Barnum enhancing their professional development. 50 FASIT: LOW BANDWITH RF SOLUTIONS IN A HARDWIRED WORLD Joe Smith and James Todd By Order of the Secretary of the Army: 51 BOOK REVIEWS 53 SUBSCRIPTION INFORMATION RAYMOND T. ODIERNO General, United States Army Chief of Staff Offi cial: INFANTRY (ISSN: 0019-9532) is an Army professional bulletin prepared for bimonthly publication by the U.S. Army Infantry School at Fort Benning, Ga. Although it contains professional information for the Infantryman, the content does not necessarily refl ect the offi cial Army position and does not supersede any information presented in other offi cial JOYCE E. MORROW Army publications. Unless otherwise stated, the views herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of Administrative Assistant to the the Department of Defense or any element of it. Offi cial distribution is to Infantry and Infantry-related units and to Secretary of the Army appropriate staff agencies and service schools. Direct communication concerning editorial policies and subscription rates is authorized to Editor, INFANTRY, P.O. Box 52005, Fort Benning, GA 31995-2005. Telephones: (706) 545-2350 1202005 or 545-6951, DSN 835-2350 or 835-6951; e-mail [email protected] Bulk rate postage paid at Columbus, Distribution: Special Georgia, and other mailing offi ces. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to INFANTRY, P.O. Box 52005, Fort Benning, GA 31995-2005. USPS Publication No. 370630. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Commandant’s Note COL WALTER E. PIATT THE DISMOUNTED INFANTRY SQUAD SITUATIONAL AWARENESS IN THE INFORMATION AGE he Army is Soldiers. The American Soldier has been our initiate contact on his own terms rather than having to react to an Army’s greatest asset and the foundation of the nation’s ambush, a suicide bombing, or an attack initiated by detonation of Tdefense since 14 June 1775. Today’s dismounted Infantry an improvised explosive device. The vast array of acoustic, thermal, squad Soldiers dominate the small-unit fi ght and have earned their and motion sensors available today can give the squad leader reputation as the dominant force in the contingency operations that degrees of situational awareness unheard of even a decade ago. We characterize the global war on terrorism. As we recognize that there must continue to develop, evolve, and procure the training tools that is still room for improvement in how we disseminate information, will ensure we can sustain the squad’s profi ciency in the sensors’ enhance situational awareness, and network the dismounts to employment, and we need to pursue this training as aggressively in capitalize on the technological advantages available to them, simulations and in an immersive training environment as we will the we cannot lose sight of the fact that the most resilient and battle- actual employment of the sensors in combat. proven tool at the Soldier’s disposal is his brain and that the greatest As we expand our foothold in the digital environment, we cannot value in today’s digital technology lies in its ability to complement afford to overlook the core factors that have enabled the Infantry to the Soldier’s own skills. Our current initiatives toward building dominate the battlefi eld. We must continue to resource the Infantry cohesive, lethal, and survivable teams will strengthen tomorrow’s squad with the requisite levels of support to ensure it remains the Army every bit as much as they strengthen the resilience of today’s linchpin of the maneuver force through its lethality, survivability, Soldiers who are deployed or facing deployment, and I want to talk and mobility. Any discussion of mobility will appropriately about some of these initiatives in this Commandant’s Note. include a discussion of Soldier’s load and we need to explore Today’s Soldiers have access to far more information than their any and all options that will enable the Infantryman to arrive at counterparts of the generation that fought from Vietnam through the fi ght fully capable of locating, fi xing, and decisively engaging Operation Desert Storm and can receive, assimilate, and share the enemy. Today’s technical enhancements and the increased data at rates that were unimaginable two decades ago. This means sophistication of training now available within the human domain that the Infantry squad leader and his Soldiers will enjoy levels equip the Soldier with a skill set in his head and at his fi ngertips, of situational awareness far exceeding those of their predecessors. and facilitate enhancements to our environmental and situational The current capability to transmit real-time intelligence, targeting awareness and how he receives and interprets data. We are likewise data, and situational updates carries with it the challenge of how dedicating assets to addressing the cultural, societal, political, and to receive, process, and act upon information without succumbing environmental implications of the human domain as we build our to information overload. Today’s Soldier is already well equipped squad teams. I invite your attention to an article in this issue which to deal with that eventuality because describes a new perspective on he has grown up in the digital human intelligence collection world. Soldiers enlisting today in a counterinsurgency, yet already bring to the fi ght their own another milestone in enhancing skill sets and familiarity with social the situational awareness for media, video games, smart phones the small unit commander. Our and tablets, instant messaging, and next issue will offer articles all the other applications readily at on the Advanced Situational hand. For Soldiers already serving, Awareness Training (ASAT), a the realistic blended training model pilot program of the Maneuver available today complements Center of Excellence, and their easy familiarity with social warfi ghter load dynamics. These connectivity as it prepares them and other initiatives will remain to receive and process real-time in our range fan as we continue incoming data without disruption. to fi eld the best-trained and Simply put, this means that we have best-supported Infantrymen our the means to share our enhanced nation can send forth in defense surveillance and reconnaissance SGT Christopher McCullough of her global interests. products to enable the squad leader Soldiers with B Company, 5th Battalion, 20th Infantry Regiment, Follow me! One force, one to seize and retain the initiative and move to the village of Shinkai in Afghanistan on 16 January 2012. fi ght! January-March 2012 INFANTRY 1 ‘CARL GUSTAF’ EXTENDS SOLDIERS’ LETHAL REACH ERIC KOWAL ith the need for Soldiers in WAfghanistan to engage the enemy at longer distances, Picatinny Arsenal has completed an initial training and fi elding of a weapon previously used only by special operations commands for traditional Army units. The Multi-Role Anti-Armor Anti- Personnel Weapon System (MAAWS), also known as the M3 Carl Gustaf, has been in the United States Special Operations Command (SOCOM) inventory since 1991. However, the unique capabilities of both the system and its ammunition led to a forward operational assessment (FOA). The MAAWS has similarities to the AT4 shoulder-fi red, anti-tank system, but it is unique in that the system itself is not disposable, which means it can be used more than once. “It operates just like a rifl e,” said Bhuvanesh Thoguluva, chief of the Vehicle Photo by SGT Michael J. MacLeod Protection, Rockets & Shoulder Fired A civilian instructor coaches two paratroopers with the 82nd Airborne Division’s 1st Brigade Weapons Branch of the Munitions Systems Combat Team on how to use a Carl Gustaf 84mm recoilless rifl e during a certifi cation class. and Technical Directorate. The directorate is part of the Armament Research, the Army Rangers in 1989, the Navy The other rounds can provide users with Development and Engineering Center at SEALS in 1997, and later the rest of the heat, illumination, anti-structure, multi- Picatinny.