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Home , Eyelid, Iris (anatomy), Lacrimal gland, Lacrimal sac, Nasolacrimal duct, Ophthalmology

Ophthalm/o = Ophthalm/itis: Inflammation of the eye Ophthalm/ic: Pertaining to the eye Ophthalm/algia, Ophthalm/o/dynia: Pain in the Medical Terminology eye Ophthalm/o/meter: Instrument for measuring Unit 15 the eye (curvature of the ) , , Ophthalm/o/, : Herniation and Medical Specialties of an eye (abnormal protrusion) Ocul/ar: Pertaining to the eye

Ophthalm/o = Eye Ophthalm/o = Eye Any ocular disease o Ophthalm/o/pathy Ophthalm/o/logy: the medical Plastic of the eye o Ophthalm/o/plasty studying and surgery of the eye Paralysis of the eye o Ophthalm/o/plegia Ophthalm/o/logist: who practices in (muscles) ophthalmology specialty Ophthalm/o/scopy: The examination of the interior of the eye using an instrument Ophthalm/o/scope: The instrument used for

Op/ia • Suffix for vision Opt/o = Vision Opt/ic • Adjective- Pertaining to vision Opt/o/metrist: One who measures Opt/o • Combining form for vision Ophthalm/o • Combining form for eye Opt/ic: The cranial for vision Ophthalm/ic • Adjective- Pertaining to eye (adj.) Opt/o/metry: The measurement of vision (Practice assessing vision disorders)

1 Ophthalmologist Optometrist =Physician (MD or DO) =Licensed -opia = Vision specialist in treating practitioner (OD) Cyan/opia: Defect in vision that causes diseases of the eye and limited to eye performing surgery objects to appear examinations and Degree from medical prescribing Xanth/opia: Yellow vision school corrective lenses Certified Ophthalmic Chlor/opia: Green vision Technician (COT) Degree from Erythr/opia: Red vision =Technician that assists school ophthalmologists with eye exams and helps fit corrective lenses

-opia = Vision Diplo- = Double My/opia v Nearsightedness Diplo/cardia: Having a double heart Hyper/opia v Farsightedness Diplo/genesis: Production of double Presby/opia v Loss of , parts or double substances “old vision” Diplo/coccus: Coccus that grows in Dipl/opia v Double vision pairs Diplo/bacillus: Bacillus that occurs in pairs

Ambi- = Both, Both sides -opter = Visible Ambi/later/al: Pertaining to both sides Optos = that which sees Ambi/dextr/ous: Can work well with Di/opter: A unit of measurement of both in the eye Ambi/opia: Both (ou) form OS+1D = left eye 1 diopter separate images (vision) Dia/scope: An instrument for examining Ambi/valence (n.): Unable to decide, through Wavering on both sides Ambi/valent (adj.)

2 Tropia = Turning Tropia = Turning Trope = Turning Eyes pointing outward § Exo/tropia When the eyes appear to be turned in Eyes pointing inward § Eso/tropia an abnormal position, it is called Eyes pointing upward § Hyper/tropia or Eyes pointing downward § Hypo/tropia Permanent deviation of § Cyclo/tropia the eye around its anteroposterior axis

Phor(ia) = To carry, Bear Blephar/o = Dys/phoria: A feeling of depression. Carry an Blephar/o/ptosis: Prolapse of an eyelid ill feeling. Blephar/: swelling of the eyelid Eu/phoria: Feeling of well being Phor/opt/er: An instrument used to determine Oidein = to become swollen the prescription strength needed for Blephar/itis: Inflammation of an eyelid corrective lenses Phor/o/meter: The instrument that measures Blephar/otomy: Incision of an eyelid the tone and pull of the eye-moving (bearing) muscle

Blephar/o = Eyelid Conjunctiv/o = Excision of lesions on the Blephar/ectomy Conjunctiva is the membrane that: eyelid lines the à palpebral conjunctiva Surgical repair of an eyelid Blephar/o/plasty Line the à ocular conjunctiva

Twitching of an eyelid Blephar/o/spasm Conjunctiv/itis: Inflammation of conjunctiva Prolapse of an eyelid Blephar/o/ptosis (droopy eyelid) Suture of the eyelid Blephar/o/rrhaphy

3 Phac/o = Crystalline Scler/o = Sclera Phac/o/cele: Dislocation of the lens = hard Phacos = lentil Sclera: White, “hard” outer coat of the Lentils have a biconvex shape just like the eye crystalline lens of the eye Phac/o/emulsification: Ultrasonic Scler/o/sis: Condition of hardness treatment to emulsify the lens and to remove the are opacities of the lens of the eye

Scler/o = Sclera Ir/o, Irid/o = Pertaining to the sclera q Scler/al Colored part of the eye (adj.) Ir/itis: Inflammation of the iris Excision of the sclera (or q Scler/ectomy part) Corne/o/ir/itis: Inflammation of the cornea and iris Formation of an opening q Scler/o/stomy into the sclera Scler/o/ir/itis: Inflammation of the Inflammation of the sclera and iris q Scler/itis sclera Ir/ides (Plural)

Ir/o, Irid/o = Iris Ir/o, Irid/o = Iris Irid/o/cele: Protrusion of the iris Prolapse of the iris ü Irid/o/ptosis (dislocation) Softening of the iris ü Irid/o/malacia Irid/algia: Pain in the iris Rupture of the iris ü Irid/o/rrhexis Irid/ectomy: Excision of part or all of Paralysis of the iris ü Irid/o/plegia the iris ü Irid/o/paralysis

4 Retin/o = Retin/al: Pertaining to the retina A disease of the eye in which the Retin/itis: Inflammation of the retina is increased. Retin/o/pexy: Fixation of a detached retina Open angle glaucoma Retin/o/plasty: Surgical repair of retina Angle closure glaucoma Retin/o/scope: Instrument used to examine Congenital the of the eye (retina) Retin/o/scopy: The process of using a retinoscope. Also known as “Skiascopy”.

Cor/e, Core/o = Corne/o = Cornea Cor /ectopia: Pupil out of place Corne/al: (adj.) Pertaining to cornea Cor /e/lysis: Destruction of the pupil Corne/o/ir/itis: Inflammation of cornea Cor /ectasia (is): Dilatation (stretching) of the pupil and iris Anis/o/coria: Unequal pupil size Corne/o/scler/al: Pertaining to cornea Core/o/meter, Pupil/o/meter: Instrument for and sclera measuring the pupil Core/o/metry, Pupil/o/metry: Measurement of the pupil Core/o/plasty: of the pupil

Kerat/o = Cornea Cycl/o = Kerat/ectasia (is): Forward bulging (dilatation) of the cornea Cyclos = Circle Kerat/o/cele: Herniation of the cornea Ciliary body encircles the inside of the (protrusion of the cornea) iris and controls the iris shape/size Kerat/o/plasty: Plastic operation of the cornea (corneal transplant) Cycl/o/plegia (n.): Paralysis of the Kerat/o/tomy: Incision of the cornea ciliary body = Making small incision into the Cycl/o/plegic (adj.) cornea to improve vision in Kerat/o/rrhexis: Corneal rupture Cycl/o/kerat/itis: Ciliary body and Kerat/o/scler/itis: Inflammation of cornea and cornea inflammation sclera

5 Lacrim/o= Dacry/o = Tears Lacrim/al: Pertaining to tears Dacry/o/rrhea: Excessive lacrimation, Flow of tears secretes tears collects lacrimal fluids(tears) Dacry/o/cyst/itis: Tear sac inflammation Lacrim/ation: Tearing, Dacry/o/aden/algia: Pain in tear gland Nas/o/lacrim/al: Pertaining to the nasal Dacry/oma: Tumor of the tear or gland passages and the tear ducts Dacry/o/py/o/rrhea: Discharge of pus from drains away the tears tear gland Lacrimal fluid keeps the surface of the eye Dacry/o/cyst/o/cele: Herniation of the tear moistened sac Dacry/o/lith: Stone in the tear duct

Dacry/o = Tears Onych/o = Nails Excessive flow of tears Dacry/o/rrhea Onych/o/malac/ia: Softening of the nails Prolapse of the tear sac Dacry/o/cyst/o/ptosis Onych/o/myc/osis: Fungus An instrument for cutting Dacry/o/cyst/o/tome (condition) of the nails (incising) the tear sac Onych/o/phagia: biting (eating) Onych/o/crypt/osis: Hidden nail or condition of nail being hidden, Ingrown nail Par/onych/ia: Condition of infection in the tissues around the nail

Onych/o = Nails Trich/o = Resembling a nail Onych/oid Trich/o/genous: Promoting hair growth Tumor of the nail Onych/oma Trich/iasis: Formation of hair (in the (or nail bed) wrong places) Any nail condition Onych/osis Trich/o/glossia (n.): Hairy Trich/oid: Resembling hair Trich/o/phobia: Abnormal fear of hair Trich/o/pathy: Air hair disease

6 Cyt/o = Cell Phag/o = Eat, Swallow Cyt/o/meter: An instrument for Phag/ia: Condition of eating or swallowing measuring (counting) cells Phag/o/cyte: A cell that eats microorganisms Cyt/o/metry: The process of measuring Phag/o/cyt/osis: The process of the cells (counting) cells eating microorganisms Cyt/o/stasis: Stopping or controlling Cyt/o/phagy = Phag/o/cyt/osis cells Macr/o/phage: A large phagocyte Micr/o/phage: A small phagocyte Cyt/o/scopy: Examination of cells

Phag/o = Eat, Swallow Endo- = Inside Nail biting Ø Onych/o/phagy (ia) Endo/crine: To secrete inside. Glands Hair swallowing Ø Trich/o/phagy (ia) that secrete hormones Air swallowing Ø Aer/o/phagy (ia) Endo/crin/ology: The studying the endocrine system Endo/crin/ologist: The specialist (physician) in the study of endocrine system

Combining Form Meaning Hormones Glands that produce /o, thyr/o Thyroid gland Adren/o/corticoid Adrenal gland Thym/o Thymus gland (cortisone) (adrenal cortex) Adren/o Adrenal gland Thyr/o/xine, Thyr/o/xin Thyroid gland Pancreat/o Pancreas Test/o/sterone testes Oophor/o Ovary Testic/, Orchid/o, testis Orchi/o

7 Thyroid Adren/o = Adrenal gland Hyper/thyroid/ism: Adren/o/pathy: Any disease condition of the Overactive thyroid adrenal glands Adren/o/megaly: Enlargement of the adrenal Hypo/thyroid/ism: glands Underactive thryoid Adren/o/lysis: Destruction of adrenal tissue Adrenal glands are also called Supra/renal glands because they are above the kidneys. Supra/renal glands produce epi/nephr/ine.

Pituitary Gland Pituitary gland (hypophysis) is an endocrine gland secreting a number of hormones that regulate many bodily processes including growth, reproduction, and various metabolic activities. Anterior lobe Posterior lobe

-emia = Blood condition -emia = Blood condition Isch/emia: A condition in which blood Reduction in red An/emia flow is interrupted blood cells Transient ischemic attack (TIA) = Too much blood (in Hyper/emia temporary interruption of blood flow in one part) brain Urine constituents in Ur/emia Leuk/emia: Blood with the blood abnormally increased leukocyte count Blood in the urine Hemat/uria

8 Traumat/o = Trauma Various types Trauma = Wound or injury Abrasion Ø Scrape Traumat/ology: The study of caring for Contusion Ø Bruise wounds Evulsion Ø A tearing away Traumat/ic: Pertaining to wounds Puncture Ø Make a hole Fracture Ø Break Laceration Ø A cut

Specialty Specialist Limits of Field Specialty Specialist Limits of Field -Nose- Pathologist Diseases-nature & causes Otorhinolaryngologist Dermatologist Obstetrician Pregnancy, Childbirth Neurologist Nervous system diseases Geriatrician Old age Gynecology Gynecologist Female diseases Pediatrician Children Urologist Male & urinary diseases Orthopedics Orthopedist Bones and muscles Endocrinology Endocrinologist Glands of internal secretion Psychiatrist Mental disorders Oncologist (New growths) Audiologist Hearing function Cardiologist Heart Radiologist Diagnostic imaging Ophthalmology Ophthalmologist Eye Chiropractic Chiropractor Manipulation Podiatrist Diseases of the

Abbreviation Abbreviation ACTH Adrenocorticotropic hormone FSH Follicle-stimulating hormone AOA American Optometric Association Fx Fracture COA Certified Ophthalmic Assistant HCG Human chorionic gonadotropin COMT Certified Ophthalmic Medical Technologist L&A Light and accomodation Light amplification by stimulated emission COT Certified Ophthalmic Technician Laser of radiation D Diopter mg Milligram (0.001 gram) EMT Emergency medical technician Mm Millimeter (0.001 meter) EMT -P EMT – paramedic OAG Open-angle glaucoma ENT Ear, nose, throat specialist OB Obstetrician, Obstetrics

9 Abbreviation od Right eye (oculus dexter) OD of optometry os Left eye (oculus sinister) ou Both eyes (oculus uterque) PERRLA equal, round, reactive to light and accomodation Triiodothyronine, tetraiodothyronine T 3, T 4 (thyroid function tests) TIA Transient ischemic attack TSH Thyroid-stimulating hormone

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