University of Latvia Baltic Studies: Courses (Bachelor Level)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

University of Latvia Baltic Studies: Courses (Bachelor Level) University Of Latvia Baltic Studies: Courses (Bachelor Level) Autumn semester 2014/15 [01.09.2014 – 21.12.2014] A HISTORY OF LATVIAN CULTURE on Tuesdays, (2 credits*) Wednesdays from 02.09.14 till 24.09.14 12:30 – 16:00 Code: Vēst2102 Azpazijas Bvld. 5 lect. I. Runce Room 120 LATVIAN FOLKLORE AND LITERATURE on Thursdays (2 credits*) Azpazijas Bvld. 5 from 04.09.14 till 23.10.14 10:30 – 14:00 Code: Folk4012 Room 120 dr. R. Auškāps INTRODUCTION TO HISTORY OF DIPLOMACY (1648-1918) on Fridays (2 credits*) Raiņa Blvd. 19 from 05.09.14 till 19.12.14 10:30 – 12:00 Code: Vēst2350 Room 210 Prof. A. Stranga THE HISTORY OF BALTIC (1200 till 1850-60) on Fridays (2 credits*) Raiņa Blvd.19 from 05.09.14 till 19.12.14 14:30 – 16:00 Code: Vēst1067 Room 210 Prof. A. Stranga MUSIC IN THE BALTICS on Tuesdays (2 credits*) Visvalža Str. 4a from 21.10.14 till 16.12.14 10:30. – 14:00 Code : MākZ1031 Room 305 Prof. V. Muktupāvels INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS STANDARTS IN THE BALTIC STATES on Wednesdays (2 credits*) Raiņa Blvd. 19 from 29.10.14 till 17.12.14 10:30 – 14:00 Code: JurZ2024 Room 6 Asoc.prof. A. Kučs RECENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT on Thursdays OF LATVIA Azpazijas Bvld. 5 (2 credits*) Room 320 from 06.11.14 till 18.12.14 12:30 – 16:00 Code: Ekon5069 Prof. B. Sloka Room 518 + Monday, 10.11.14 A HISTORY OF ETHNIC MINORITIES on Mondays, from 01.12.14 till 16.12.14 14:30 – 18:00 IN LATVIA Tuesdays (2 credits*) Azpazijas Bvld. 5 + on 06.12.14 and 13.12.14 Code: Vēst2105 Room 120 study trips lect. I. Runce !!! Please register for the courses with the lecturer of the respective course. !Information on Holidays! Proclamation Day of the Republic of Latvia on November 18, lectures on 17.11.2014 (holiday) will be held on 22.11.2014 (Saturday) *One Latvian credit point corresponds to 1.5 ECTS credits 1 Latvian Folklore and Literature Course code: Folk4012 Credit points: 2 ECTS: 3 Course developer: Dr. Raimonds Auskaps Course abstract The course is designed to provide students with the basic background information for reading and analysing Latvian literature. Each author and each work is placed in its historical context. The course follows up the development of Latvian literature starting from its very origins in Latvian folklore, through National Awakening, during the Republic of Latvia between the two world wars, during the Soviet occupation, to contemporary writing. The course consists of lectures and discussions, paying attention to the most significant periods and authors. The students read and discuss the works of Latvian literature translated into English, linking the respective material with Latvian mentality and the concrete historical period. Results During the course, the students are supposed to acquire basic facts about Latvian folklore and literature, develop the skill to analyse works of literature. Course description-general outline 1. The Concept and Subdivision of Folklore. Latvian Poetic Folklore, its Genres. Dainas. 2. Narrative Folklore. Brachylogisms. Latvian Mythology. 3. National Awakening of 19th c. New Latvians. J.Alunāns. Brothers Kaudzīte. “The Time of Land-surveyors”. A.Pumpurs. “Lāčplēsis”. 4. Romantic Poetry of Auseklis. Apsīšu Jēkabs. “Rich Relatives”. Creative work of A.Brigadere. 5. Creative work of R.Blaumanis. Creative work of Aspazija, Creative work of Rainis. 6. Innovative poetry of E.Veidenbaums. Creative work of J.Jaunsudrabiņš. Creative work of J.Poruks. Creative work of V.Plūdons. 7. Creative work of A.Upīts. Fairy-tales of K.Skalbe. E.Virza. “Straumēni”. Stories of J.Ezeriņš. Creative work of A.Grīns. 8. Personality of Z.Mauriņa. Creative work of A.Čaks. Stories and Novels of Z.Skujiņš. Dramaturgy of G.Priede. Creative work of R.Ezera. Creative work of V.Belševica. Creative work of O.Vācietis. Creative wirk of I.Ziedonis. Novels of A.Bels. Creative work of M.Zālīte. Review of Creative work of Young Writers. Requirements for obtaining credit points There are discussions during the course. At the end of the course there is a written examination, in which students analyse a concrete work of Latvian literature. 2 Introduction to History of Diplomacy (1648 – 1918) Course code: Vēst2350 Credit points: 2 ECTS: 3 Total Contact Hours: 32 Number of hours for lectures: 24 Number of hours for seminars and practical assignments: 8 Independent study hours: 48 Course developer: Aivars Stranga Course abstract The course deals with the main problems of diplomacy in Europe since The Thirty Years War till the end of the WWI and with the main problems in historiography, but also includes a short introduction into the history of diplomacy in ancient Greece, Roman Empire and Byzantium. The role of the diplomacy of Venice, Florence and Milan, as well as the quest for hegemony in Europe by Hapsburgs in 15th century receives its due, too. Course deals with the definition of diplomacy as a craft, art and science. Course covers the main problems of the history of diplomacy of France, Prussia, German Empire, Hapsburg's Empire (later - Austria, later - Austria - Hungary), Otoman Empire, Russia, USA. Students study the life of the greatest diplomats: Richelie, Talleyrand, Caslrey, Palmerston, Bismarck, Gorchakov, Grey, as well as the modern tendencies in the historiography. Learning outcomes A course on the history of European Diplomacy would improve the understanding of many problems, not yet resolved even in nowadays, just mention only problems in Balkans - the legacy of the Otoman Empire , as well as in Middle East - Arab - Israel conflicts, or - relations between Muslims and Christians, or - between Armenians and Turks, also - a bitter legacy of Otoman Empire. Course would improve the understanding of modern's Russia Foreign Policy, too. Course plan 1. Introduction: a concept of diplomacy; ancient Egypt and Greece. The role of Roman and Byzantium diplomacy. (L2) 2. The diplomacy of Venice, Florence, Milan in the 15th century - a birth of modern diplomacy in Europe. (S2) 3. Diplomacy of France in the 16th century - the struggle against hegemony of Hapsburgs. (L2) 4. The 30' Years War (1618 - 1648): the reasons, main events, results. (S2) 5. The Foreign Policy of France during the reigh of Loius XIV (1670' - 1715). (L2) 6. The changes in the international relations in the Eastern Europe at the second part of the 17th century - the beginning of the 18th century. A twilight of Polish - Lithuanian state. The rise of Russia. (L2) 7. The Spanish succession's Wars in Europe. A change in the balance of powers. (L2) 8. The development of the theory of diplomacy (H. Grotius, L. Koljier and others). (S2) 9. The rise of Prussia. 17th - 18th century. (L2) 10. The three partions of Poland - Lithuania. The destruction of commonwealth. 18th. (L2) 11. France's quest for hegemony in Europe. Napoleonic Wars. 1792 - 1815. (L2) 12. Vienna congress (1815) and Vienna system. (S2) 13. The Eastern question and the decline of Otoman's Turkey. (L2) 14. The unification of Germany (1871) and its impact upon the international relations in Europe and the world. (L2) 15. The Tripartite Alliance (1882). (L2) 16. The creation of Antante (1891 - 1907). The reasons of the WWI. (L2) 3 Requirements for awarding credit points 1. Four oral and written papers - 60 % 2. Students will also write one final paper of 12 - 1500 points, double spaced. Paper must include a plan and a list of literature. - 40 % Compulsory reading 1. Taylor A.I.P.The Struggle for Mastery in Europe 1848-1918.-London,1954 (pieejama LNB - krievu tulkojums, 1958.g). 2. George F. Kennan. The Fatefull Alliance. - New - York, 1984. 2. Harod Nicolson. Diplomacy. - London, 1938 (krievu valodā - tulkojums - Moskva, 1941 - LNB). 3. Kissinger H. Diplomacy. - New York, 1994. 4.N. Davies. Europe. A History. - London, 1996. 5. N. Ferguson. The Pity Of War. - London, 1998. 6. Ch. Clark. Iron KIngdom. THe Rise And Downfall Of Prussia. - Cambridge, 2006. 7. Ch. Esdailes. Napoleon's Wars. - London, 2007. 8. Histoire de la diplomatie francaise. I. Du Moyen Age a l 'Empire. - Editions Perrin, 2005. 9. HIstoire de la diplomatie francaise.II De1815 a nos jours. - turpat. 10. Hew Strachan. The First World War. - London, 2006. 11. N. Makiavelli. Valdnieks. - Rīga, ''Tapals'', 2007. Further reading 1. T. Roule. The Great Crimean War. 1854 - 1856. - London, 1999. 2. Istorija Rossiji. XX Vek. Tom. 1 . 1894 - 1939 - Moskva, 2009. 3. A. Taras. Anatomija ņenavisti. Russko - poļskije konflikti v XVIII - XX veke. - Minsk, 2008. 4. J. R. Hale. Florence And The Medici. - London, 2004. 5. J. Tarle. Krimskaja voina. t. 1- 2. - Moskva, 1959 (klasisks krievu historiogrāfijas darbs). Periodicals and other sources Žurnāli: Foreign Affairs, Foreign Policy, Novaja i Noveišaja Istorija. Interneta resursi, īpaši - Britu enciklopēdija. Notes A theme of a final paper has to be arranged in consultation with professor of the course, and taking into account a knowledge of languages by a student. Literature from the personal library of professor is available to students, too. 4 The History of Baltics: 1200 till 1850-60 Course code: Vēst1067 Credit points: 2 ECTS: 3 Course developer: Aivars Stranga Course abstract The course deals with the main problems of political, economic and cultural history of the Baltic region, nations and states (Lithuania); a brief introduction into ethnogenesis of Latvians, Estonians and Lithuanians will be covered also. Course deals with the main problems in historiography; the questions of common and different features in the history of Baltic nations, with emphasis on relations with neighbouring states (Russia, Poland, Sweden), as well as the main problems of religious and cultural life, will be covered. The history of ethnic minorities will receive its due also.
Recommended publications
  • Between National and Academic Agendas Ethnic Policies and ‘National Disciplines’ at the University of Latvia, 1919–1940
    BETWEEN NATIONAL AND ACADEMIC AGENDAS Ethnic Policies and ‘National Disciplines’ at the University of Latvia, 1919–1940 PER BOLIN Other titles in the same series Södertörn Studies in History Git Claesson Pipping & Tom Olsson, Dyrkan och spektakel: Selma Lagerlöfs framträdanden i offentligheten i Sverige 1909 och Finland 1912, 2010. Heiko Droste (ed.), Connecting the Baltic Area: The Swedish Postal System in the Seventeenth Century, 2011. Susanna Sjödin Lindenskoug, Manlighetens bortre gräns: tidelagsrättegångar i Livland åren 1685–1709, 2011. Anna Rosengren, Åldrandet och språket: En språkhistorisk analys av hög ålder och åldrande i Sverige cirka 1875–1975, 2011. Steffen Werther, SS-Vision und Grenzland-Realität: Vom Umgang dänischer und „volksdeutscher” Nationalsozialisten in Sønderjylland mit der „großgermanischen“ Ideologie der SS, 2012. Södertörn Academic Studies Leif Dahlberg och Hans Ruin (red.), Fenomenologi, teknik och medialitet, 2012. Samuel Edquist, I Ruriks fotspår: Om forntida svenska österledsfärder i modern historieskrivning, 2012. Jonna Bornemark (ed.), Phenomenology of Eros, 2012. Jonna Bornemark och Hans Ruin (eds), Ambiguity of the Sacred, 2012. Håkan Nilsson (ed.), Placing Art in the Public Realm, 2012. Lars Kleberg and Aleksei Semenenko (eds), Aksenov and the Environs/Aksenov i okrestnosti, 2012. BETWEEN NATIONAL AND ACADEMIC AGENDAS Ethnic Policies and ‘National Disciplines’ at the University of Latvia, 1919–1940 PER BOLIN Södertörns högskola Södertörns högskola SE-141 89 Huddinge www.sh.se/publications Cover Image, taken from Latvijas Universitāte Illūstrācijās, p. 10. Gulbis, Riga, 1929. Cover: Jonathan Robson Layout: Jonathan Robson and Per Lindblom Printed by E-print, Stockholm 2012 Södertörn Studies in History 13 ISSN 1653-2147 Södertörn Academic Studies 51 ISSN 1650-6162 ISBN 978-91-86069-52-0 Contents Foreword ......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Couronians | Semigallians | Selonians
    BALTS’ ROAD, THE COURONIAN ROUTE SEGMENT Route: Rucava – Liepāja – Grobiņa – Jūrkalne – Alsunga – Kuldīga – Ventspils – Talsi – Valdemārpils – Sabile – Saldus – Embūte – Mosėdis – Plateliai – Kretinga – Klaipėda – Palanga – Rucava Duration: 3–4 days. Length about 790 km In ancient times, Couronians lived on the coast of the Baltic Sea. At that time, the sea and rivers were an important waterway that inuenced their way of life and interaction with neighbouring nations. You will nd out about this by taking the circular Couronian Route Segment. Peaceful deals were made during trading. Merchants from faraway lands Macaitis, Tērvete Tourism Information Centre, Zemgale Planning Region. Planning Zemgale Centre, Information Tourism Tērvete Macaitis, were tempted to visit the shores of the Baltic Sea looking for the northern gold – Photos: Līva Dāvidsone, Artis Gustovskis, Arvydas Gurkšnis, Denisas Nikitenka, Mindaugas Mindaugas Nikitenka, Denisas Gurkšnis, Arvydas Gustovskis, Artis Dāvidsone, Līva Photos: Publisher: Kurzeme Planning Region, Zemgale Planning Region 2019 Region Planning Zemgale Region, Planning Kurzeme Publisher: amber. To nd out more about amber, visit the Palanga Amber Museum (40) Centre, National Regional Development Agency in Lithuania. in Agency Development Regional National Centre, and the Liepāja Crafts House (6). Ancient Couronian boats, the barges, are Authors: Kurzeme Planning Region, Zemgale Planning Region, Šiauliai Tourism Information Information Tourism Šiauliai Region, Planning Zemgale Region, Planning Kurzeme Authors:
    [Show full text]
  • Latvijas Universitāte Austra Celmiņa-Ķeirāne
    LATVIJAS UNIVERSITĀTE AUSTRA CELMIŅA-ĶEIRĀNE LATVIEŠU MITOLOĢIJA VIZUĀLĀ UN VERBĀLĀ TEKSTĀ (1880–1945) PROMOCIJAS DARBS Doktora grāda iegūšanai folkloristikā Apakšnozare: mitoloģija Darba zinātniskā vadītāja: Dr. habil. philol., LU prof. Janīna Kursīte-Pakule Rīga, 2019 SATURS IEVADS.............................................................................................................................. 3 1. TEKSTS, TĀ UZBŪVE UN KONTEKSTS............................................................. 20 1.1. Folkloras teksts kontekstuālās pieejas skatījumā............................................. 20 1.2. Mākslinieciska teksta definīcija......................................................................... 22 1.3. Strukturālās uzbūves elementi un principi vizuālā un verbālā tekstā........... 25 1.3.1. Mākslas darba siţets...................................................................................... 25 1.3.2. Laiktelpa mākslinieciska teksta kompozīcijā................................................ 29 1.3.3. Krāsa un tās simboliskā vērtība..................................................................... 38 1.3.4. Izteiksmes būtība........................................................................................... 44 1.4. Diskursu pārklāšanās mitoloģiskās tēmas kontekstā....................................... 45 Secinājumi........................................................................................................................ 46 2. MITOLOĢISKĀS TĒMAS ATTĪSTĪBA VIZUĀLĀ TEKSTĀ. LATVIJAS KULTŪRVĒSTURISKAIS
    [Show full text]
  • Exiles and Constituents: Baltic Refugees and American Cold War Politics, 1948-1960
    Exiles and Constituents: Baltic Refugees and American Cold War Politics, 1948-1960 Jonathan H. L’Hommedieu A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Turku in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Social Sciences in the Department of Contemporary History Turku 2011 Serial: Humaniora B 338 ISBN 978-951-29-4811-6 ISSN 0082-6987 Abstract Jonathan H. L’Hommedieu: Exiles and Constituents: Baltic Refugees and American Cold War Politics, 1948-1960 This dissertation explores the complicated relations between Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian postwar refugees and American foreign policymakers between 1948 and 1960. There were seemingly shared interests between the parties during the first decade of the Cold War. Generally, Eastern European refugees refused to recognize Soviet hegemony in their homelands, and American policy towards the Soviet bloc during the Truman and Eisenhower administrations sought to undermine the Kremlin’s standing in the region. More specifically, Baltic refugees and State Department officials sought to preserve the 1940 non-recognition policy towards the Soviet annexation of the Baltic States. I propose that despite the seemingly natural convergence of interests, the American experiment of constructing a State-Private network revolving around fostering relations with exile groups was fraught with difficulties. These difficulties ultimately undermined any ability that the United States might have had to liberate the Baltic States from the Soviet Union. As this dissertation demonstrates, Baltic exiles were primarily concerned with preserving a high level of political continuity to the interwar republics under the assumption that they would be able to regain their positions in liberated, democratic societies.
    [Show full text]
  • Dress Code: Latvian
    Dress Code: Latvian 1 Cover photo: National dress is an integral part of Latvia’s heritage. If you have ever looked at one, you must have noticed Contemporary remake that more attention was paid to beauty than practicality. The many colourful layers, ornaments, brooches of a Rucava region folk and embroideries probably did not make life easier for Latvians of the past. Yet even today, when you spot dress made out of 9 belts, someone in such a costume, you will sense the elegance and grace radiating from both the wearer and 4 trousers, 3 crocheted garments. blankets, a jacket, shirt, sweater and a bicycle Of course, garments that have survived up to the present are costumes worn on festive occasions. They gearwheel. Recycled.lv have been handed down from generation to generation as treasured heirlooms. Nowadays, you are most collection Etnography, likely to come across people dressed in these timeless jewels during the Nationwide Song and Dance cel- 2014. ebration. All participants of choirs and dance ensembles are likely to wear costumes from their respective region of ancestry. Upper right: Contemporary At its essence, a traditional Latvian costume was the dress worn by the indigenous inhabitants of Latvia – accessories with the Balts and Livs. It includes everything that its owner hand-made for the various seasons and occasions. traditional Latvian graphic In contemporary Latvia, artists and designers still draw inspiration from the countless ornaments, symbols, symbols. Each sign has colour combinations and designs, the knowledge of which has been kept alive throughout the centuries. its own meaning and was The oldest models date back to as early as the 13th century.
    [Show full text]
  • Rein Taagepera
    Journal of Baltic Studies Vol. 40, No. 4, December 2009, pp. 451–464 THE STRUGGLE FOR BALTIC HISTORY Rein Taagepera The attitudes of Western powers toward the Baltic states were in 1945–1990 steadily affected by how they perceived Baltic history: whether it even existed and if so, what did its most recent phase represent – occupation or voluntary union? The Baltic refugees were initially poorly prepared for the struggle about history, because they lacked not only English language skills but also understanding of democratic societies. Their books were printed by little- known publishers, and studies in scholarly journals were almost completely absent. A breakthrough took place in the 1960s. Major figures were Vytas Stanley Vardys, who was first to publish articles in top journals and books with major publishers, and Ja¯nis Gaigulis, who initiated and kept going the Association for the Advancement of Baltic Studies (AABS) and its Journal of Baltic Studies. Support for scholars was strong in the Latvian exile community, while hesitant in the Estonian and Lithuanian ones. By the time of the ‘Singing Revolution’ the struggle for Baltic history had been won in the Western world. It had become widely accepted that the Baltic peoples and their histories existed, and Moscow’s attempts to rewrite Baltic history could not take root in the West. Winning the struggle for the past helped in the struggle for the future of the Baltic peoples. Keywords: AABS; Baltic post-WWII exiles; Ja¯nis Gaigulis; Vytas Stanley Vardys; Western perception of Baltic history estern attitudes toward the Baltic states in 1945–1990 were steadily affected by Wtheir perception of Baltic history: whether it even existed and if so, then which one? Hence the struggle carried out in the West for a Baltic future was continuously intertwined with a struggle for the past.
    [Show full text]
  • 3 Phd Student Latvian Academy of Culture Ludzas Iela 24, Rīga, Lv-1003
    WRestlinG ON THE TABle: THE COntemPORARY WEDDinG MEAL in LAtviA AstrA spAlvēnA PhD student Latvian Academy of Culture ludzas iela 24, rīga, LV-1003 e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT the object of this paper is to examine the contemporary wedding meal in latvia, focusing on one particular social group of well situated young couples who choose fine dining restaurants or rented venues for their wedding celebrations because they considered restaurant weddings more elaborate and modern. the desire to embrace a modern lifestyle is the way in which to obtain a new identity in a rapidly changing post-socialist world. the aim of present research is to reveal how different traditions intertwine in the wedding meal – new or borrowed, with ancient and national or soviet tradi- tions. While followers of a modern lifestyle are emphasising a challenge to tradi- tions, it is nevertheless the wedding meal and symbolic practices connected with it that indicates a more or less intentional respect for tradition. I argue that the wedding ceremony reveals the shift from rites of passage to social distinction. this argument is developed by analysing how social and family relationships, value systems and the ethos as a whole have changed recently in latvia. the use of the symbolic capacity of wedding food, denoting fertility and prosperity, provides the stability of the structure of the wedding feast, which also affects the structure of the marriage ceremony as a whole. KEYWORDS: wedding rituals • contemporary traditions • festive meal • food as symbol INTRODUCTION the metaphor of wrestling is applied here to the wedding meal to highlight some of its essential features.
    [Show full text]
  • Socialist Folkloristics: a Disciplinary Heritage
    Institute of Literature, Folklore and Art, University of Latvia SOCIALIST FOLKLORISTICS: A DISCIPLINARY HERITAGE International Interdisciplinary Conference Riga, 16–18 December 2020 via the Zoom platform UDK 7/9(062) So084 The conference is organized by the Institute of Literature, Folklore and Art of the University of Latvia Organizing Committee: Toms Ķencis Rita Grīnvalde Baiba Krogzeme-Mosgorda Gatis Ozoliņš Ginta Pērle-Sīle Digne Ūdre Māra Vīksna Editors: Baiba Krogzeme-Mosgorda, Rita Grīnvalde Language editor: Laine Kristberga Cover designer: Krišs Salmanis Layout designer: Baiba Dūdiņa Cover photo: State Archives of Latvia (LVA 1757. f, 5-vp apr., 45. l., 64. lp.) The conference is funded by the Latvian Council of Science project Latvian Folkloristics (1945–1985) (grant No. lzp-2018/2-0268) ISBN 978-9984-893-49-5 © Institute of Literature, Folklore and Art of the University of Latvia, 2020 © Authors, 2020 The Mission Statement The grandiose Soviet experiment left us a heritage that profoundly affects the public image, collections, and research of folk-related disciplines even today. It manifests itself in a broad range of representations from stage performances and archival collections to the very perception of what is authentic, real, or national. Socialist traditions were invented, myths made, and rituals staged. And now, it is a vast and crudely mapped history of culture and knowledge production, stretching for more than 70 years across half of Europe and beyond. The conference Socialist Folkloristics: A Disciplinary Heritage aims to produce and exchange knowledge that will help to arrive at better understanding of this region – beyond the outdated Cold War epistemic dispositif and across the boundaries of national scholarships.
    [Show full text]
  • Latvian Medieval Symbols
    “GREAT ROUTES IN Latvian medieval THE MIDDLE AGE AND THEIR SYMBOLOGY” Nr. 2016-1-ES01- symbols KA219-025035_3 Katrīna Kārkle and Dace Asme Latvia Christianity symbols in Latvia middle age time The Livonian Brothers of the Sword (Latin: Fratres militiæ Christi Livoniae, German: Schwertbrüderorden, French: Ordre des Chevaliers Porte-Glaive) was a catholic military order established by the third bishop of Riga, Bishop Albert of Riga (or possibly Theoderich von Treyden), in 1202.Religious organization of German knights in the territory of Latvia and Estonia. The suit is a white cape with a red cross on it. Sword- power Cross- Christianity White – holy,innocence Map of the Livonian order The Livonian Order, or the Holy House of the Holy Family of Jerusalem of Saint Mary, the brotherhood of Livonia (Latin: Fratres de Domo Sanctae Mariae Theutonicorum, Jerusalemitana per Livonia) was the branch of the German Order in Livonia, which was formed after the destruction of the Order of the Swordsman in the Sun Battle of 1236. Terra Mariana – land of St.Mary – Holy Jesus Christ mother Seal of the Livonian Order's master and the Coat of Arms of Teutonic Knights in the Livonian Order Knight of the Livonian Order on a horse The Livonian Order was an autonomous branch of the Teutonic Order, formed in 1237. It was later a member of the Livonian Confederation, from 1435 to 1561. The key is the symbol of success Tower – symbolizing power, as well as taking off above a daily life. Riga town oldest stamp. 1226. Since the first half of the 16th century, at the back of the Riga bench at Lübeck Shipyard, the first emblem of Riga has been preserved in heraldic colors: two towers with open gates on the silver field, a red cross on the top, two black crossed keys below it (bench copy RVMM) Claw cross Church Latvian Ethnographic Open-Air Museum.
    [Show full text]
  • Art and Artist
    International Journal of Culture and History, Vol. 3, No. 3, September 2017 Representing Time: Art and Artist Mg.art. Agita Gritane means to live and work in the changing conditions of political Abstract—The proposed paper for the Conference is the power. insight into Latvian artist Jekabs Bine (1895-1955) life and Each political power regime in the history of art brings its creative work during 20th century first half. Jekabs Bine was position reflection, leaving it as a heritage of the past, which one of the artists of the interwar period who focused on often is synthesized with the next period art direction. In idealized depicting of the Latvian image and search for Latvian identity in the legacy of the past. studies of art and power relations often disappears the human All my research aim is regional identity, going through factor – how at specific circumstances lived and thought the politics, history and art. How changes of political powers during artist – personality that created the art during one or the other the first half of the 20th century affected an artist who strongly power position time and influence. How strong compromise believed in Latvia's identity. I am deeply interested in battle was between external manifestations of creativity and researching what was an artist’s contribution and role in the ideology? making of the Latvian identity? Bine's life and work phenomenon is based on the fact, that the artist dedicated all his life and creative work to find and study the Latvian national identity, in spite of regular political II.
    [Show full text]
  • Latvian Symbols
    LATVIAN SYMBOLS AUSTRA'S KOKS (TREE) Symbolises world order, linking past, present, and future. Guardian of the beautiful and valuable. Believed to bring luck, blessings, success. AUSEKLIS (MORNING STAR) Auseklis is subordinate to Mēness (moon) while also his rival for Saule's (the sun's) daughter. Victory of light over dark. Protector of men. DIEVS (GOD) In ancient Latvian mythology, Dievs was not just the father of the Gods, he was the essence of them. This symbol represents the sky, as a roof over the earth. Dievs, is also called Debestēvs, which means sky father JUMIS (PAGAN GOD) Jumis is an agricultural deity representing fertility and a good harvest. He appears dressed in clothes made from field crops, such as wheat and barley. The symbol of Jumis has a symmetrical form somewhat like crossed grain flails or (if you use your imagination), a shock of wheat. LAIMA (FATE) Laima is Fate in Latvian mythology. Each individual has their own Laima, The needle, or herringbone, pattern of Laima's sign mimics the needle pattern of pine tree branches. Fate, life. The rhythm of life and the seasons. Divine fortune. MARA (MOTHER EARTH) Māra is the highest divinity of Motherhood. Resolution, completeness. The active, dynamic world. Protector against misfortune, bringer of godliness SAULE (THE SUN) Saulė is one of the most powerful deities, the goddess of life and fertility, warmth and health. She is patroness of the unfortunate, especially orphans. UGUNSKRUSTS (FIRECROSS) Ugunskrusts is a traditional motif from Latvian folklore. It was used as a symbol of its armed forces before the country was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940.
    [Show full text]
  • Maketa Fails
    288 PAVASARIS 2017 VOL. LXIII ISSUE 288 62. GADAGĀJUMS SPRING 2017 288. NUMURS ‒ PAVASARIS Jaunā Gaita, published since 1955, is a Latvian quarterly devoted to literature, S A T U R S the arts, and the discussion of ideas. 1 Leons Briedis – Gaita Editor-In-Chief: 2 Rolfs Ekmanis (1929-2017) – foto Rolfs Ekmanis [email protected] 3 Rolfs Ekmanis savos vārdos 8 DZEJA – Leons Briedis Associate Editors 12 Artis Dobrovoļskis – Pussešos pie operas Linda Treija [email protected] 13 Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga – Teiksmainā saule Sarma Muižniece Liepiņa 19 Viljams Šekspīrs – Ričards III [email protected] 24 MĀKSLA – Dace Lamberga – Mākslas templis Contributing Editors: 26 ATMIŅAS – Ingvars Leitis un Uldis Briedis – Voldemārs Avens, Māris Brancis, Latviešu kolonistu pēcnācēji Sibīrijā Vita Gaiķe, Anita Liepiņa, Maija Meirāne, Juris Šlesers, Lilita Zaļkalne 31 Uldis Briedis – Kolonistu pēcnācēji – foto 32 Laris Saliņš – Elles Ķēķa bērni Technical Editor: 37 Agate Nesaule – Klasiska izglītība Juris Žagariņš Phone: 413-732-3803 43 Vladislavs Niteckis – Baltijas Universitāte II [email protected] 45 VĒSTURE – Madara Eversone – LPSR Rakstnieku savienība III Business Manager: 51 Sanita Upleja – Mezglu punkti Tija Kārkle 616 Wiggins Road 52 Anne Applebauma – Vai Amerika līdere? St. Paul, MN 55119, USA 54 DAŽOS VĀRDOS – (re)(vg)(mb)(fg)(lt)(va) [email protected] 63 NO LASĪTĀJU VĒSTULĒM JG home page and archive: GRĀMATAS – <jaunagaita.net> 65 Franks Gordons – Raugoties uz Krieviju Subscription rates: 66 Uldis Bērziņš – Latvijas lasītājiem 1 year: USD 39 EUR 34 CAD 50 69 Juris Šlesers – Journal of Baltic Studies 2 years: USD 76 EUR 67 CAD 98 71 Andrejs Jansons – No viena grāvja otrā Single 72 Osvalds Rožkalns – Ģitārists – glezna issues: USD 10 EUR 9 CAD 13 73 Voldemārs Avens – Latviešu Pikaso Published by Jauna Gaita, Inc.
    [Show full text]