DOCSLIB.ORG

Mitoloģiskais Koncepts Krievu Un Latviešu Folkloras Valodā

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mitoloģiskais Koncepts Krievu Un Latviešu Folkloras Valodā LATVIJAS UNIVERSITĀTE HUMANITĀRO ZINĀTŅU FAKULTĀTE RUSISTIKAS UN SLAVISTIKAS NODAĻA MITOLOĢISKAIS KONCEPTS KRIEVU UN LATVIEŠU FOLKLORAS VALODĀ PROMOCIJAS DARBS Autore: Marija Aleksandrovska Stud. apl.: ma 07 052 Zin. vadītājs prof. Dr. philol. I. Koškins Eiropas Sociālā fonda projekta „Atbalsts doktora studijām Latvijas Universitātē ” Nr.2009/0138/ 1DP/1.1.2.1.2./ 09/IPIA/ VIAA/004. RĪGA 2012 ЛАТВИЙСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ФАКУЛЬТЕТ ГУМАНИТАРНЫХ НАУК ОТДЕЛЕНИЕ РУСИСТИКИ И СЛАВИСТИКИ МИФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ КОНЦЕПТ В ЯЗЫКЕ РУССКОГО И ЛАТЫШСКОГО ФОЛЬКЛОРА ПРОМОЦИОННАЯ РАБОТА Автор: Мария Александровская Студ. билет: ma 07 052 Научный руководитель: проф. Dr. philol. Кошкин И.С. Eiropas Sociālā fonda projekta „Atbalsts doktora studijām Latvijas Universitātē ” Nr.2009/0138/ 1DP/1.1.2.1.2./ 09/IPIA/ VIAA/004. РИГА 2012 2 Promocijas darbs izstrādāts Latvijas Universitātes Humanitāro zinātņu fakultātē Rusistikas un slavistikas nodaļā Laika posmā no 2007. gada līdz 2011. gadam Eiropas Sociālā fonda projekta „Atbalsts doktora studijām Latvijas Universitātē ” Nr.2009/0138/ 1DP/1.1.2.1.2./ 09/IPIA/ VIAA/004. Darbs sastāv no ievada, 4 nodaļām, nobeiguma, literatūras saraksta, pielikuma. Darba forma: disertācija valodniecības nozarē, salīdzināmās un sastatāmās valodniecības apakšnozarē Darba zinātniskais vadītāja/-s : prof. Dr. philol. Igors Koškins (ieraksta promocijas darba vadītāja zinātniskā grāda nosaukumu, akadēmisko amatu, vārdu un uzvārdu) Darba recenzenti: 1) Dr. habil. philol. Dace Markus (padomes pamatsastāvs) (pirmā recenzenta vārds, uzvārds, zinātniskā grāda nosaukums, akadēmiskā amata nosaukums, universitātes, kurā recenzents strādā, nosaukums) 2) Dr. philol. Jeļena Koroļova (Daugavpils Universitāte) (otrā recenzenta vārds, uzvārds, zinātniskā grāda nosaukums, akadēmiskā amata nosaukums, universitātes, kurā recenzents strādā, nosaukums) 3) Dr. philol. Rūta Muktupāvela (Kultūras Akadēmija) (trešā recenzenta vārds, uzvārds, zinātniskā grāda nosaukums, akadēmiskā amata nosaukums, universitātes, kurā recenzents strādā, nosaukums) Promocijas darba aizstāvēšana notiks Valodniecības zinātņu nozares salīdzināmās un sastatāmās valodniecības apakšnozarē 2012. gada 19. jūnijā plkst. 14.00 Latvijas Universitātes Humanitāro zinātņu fakultātē Rīgā, Visvalža ielā 4a promocijas padomes atklātā sēdē. Ar promocijas darbu un tā kopsavilkumu var iepazīties Latvijas Universitātes bibliotēkā LU Valodniecības zinātņu nozares promocijas padomes priekšsēdētāja Dr. habil. philol. Dace Markus LU Valodniecības zinātņu nozares promocijas padomes sekretāre Dr. philol. Maija Brēde © Latvijas Universitāte, 2012 © Marija Aleksandrovska, 2012 3 Аннотация Объектом исследования промоционной работы «Мифологический концепт в языке русского и латышского фольклора» являются русские и латышские мифологические концепты такие, как русск. домовой / латыш. mājas gars; русск. водяной / латыш. ūdens gars; русск. леший / латыш. meža gars; русск. ведьма / латыш. ragana; русск. колдун / латыш. burvis; русск. черт / латыш. velns. Цель работы заключается в исследовании названных слов-мифологем, а также мифологических представлений в языке фольклора с точки зрения теории концептов, которое предполагает разработку системы исследовательских процедур, направленных на определение принципов лексикографического описания в словаре мифологических концептов. Изучение русских (славянских) мифологических концептов в сопоставлении с латышскими особенно актуально для развития латвийской лингвистической традиции, во-первых, потому, что работы в области теории концептов на территории Латвии чрезвычайно малочисленны, а, следовательно, могут внести вклад в распространение и развитие науки. Во-вторых, несмотря на то что славянские и балтийские языки, культуры и представления в сравнительном аспекте описывались неоднократно, исследования русских и латышских мифологических концептов, ранее не проводились. Таким образом, актуальность промоционного исследования определяется, во-первых, повышенным интересом современной лингвистики к проявлению национального менталитета в языке; во-вторых, малоизученностью русских и латышских мифологических концептов; в-третьих, необходимостью выработки принципов описания мифологических представлений в словаре концептов. Автор считает, что ядерный и базовый уровень русских и латышских мифологических концептов составляют во многом схожие смысловые компоненты, однако существенные различия могут быть зафиксированы на периферийном уровне. Гипотеза о существовании общей концептуальной области русских и латышских мифологических концептов иллюстрируется с помощью специально разработанной модели словаря мифологических концептов, которая, благодаря своей структуре, 4 указывает читателю на общие содержательные компоненты и позволяет воспринимать весь комплекс описываемых концептов как единую макроструктуру. Как показали результаты исследования, мифологические концепты требуют специального рассмотрения, так как концептуальный анализ дает возможность не только выявить схожие и различные особенности, характерные для славянской и балтийской культуры и сознания, культурные ценности общества, но и описать наивные языковые представления носителей русского и латышского языков, сложившиеся под воздействием национального мировидения и мировосприятия. Anotācija Promocijas darbs „Mitoloģiskais koncepts krievu un latviešu folkloras valodā” ir veltīts krievu un latviešu mitoloģisko konceptu, tādu kā krievu домовой / latviešu mājas gars, krievu водяной / latviešu ūdens gars, krievu леший / latviešu meža gars, krievu ведьма / latviešu ragana, krievu колдун / latviešu burvis, krievu черт / latviešu velns izpētei. Darba mērķis ir izpētīt minētos mitologēmiskos vārdus konceptu teorijas aspektā, kā arī folkloras valodā sastopamos mitoloģiskos priekšstatus, izstrādājot tādu pētniecisko procedūru sistēmu, kas ļauj noteikt mitoloģisko konceptu apraksta leksikogrāfiskos principus mitoloģisko konceptu vārdnīcā. Krievu (slāvu) mitoloģisko konceptu izpēte sastatījumā ar latviešu mitoloģiskajiem konceptiem ir īpaši aktuāla latviešu lingvistiskās tradīcijas attīstībai, pirmkārt, tāpēc, ka Latvijā konceptu teorijas jomā veikto pētījumu ir maz, un tādēļ šis pētījums var būt ieguldījums attiecīgās teorijas plašākai izplatībai un attīstībai Latvijas zinātnē. Otrkārt, kaut arī slāvu un baltu valodas, kultūras un priekšstati salīdzinošā aspektā ir ne vienu vien reizi aprakstīti, līdz šim nebija izplatīti pētījumi, kas būtu veltīti krievu un latviešu mitoloģisko konceptu salīdzinošam aprakstam. Promocijas pētījuma aktualitāti nosaka, pirmkārt, mūsdienu valodniecībai raksturīgā interese par nacionālās mentalitātes izpausmēm valodā, otrkārt, krievu un latviešu mitoloģisko konceptu nepietiekamā izpēte un, treškārt, vajadzība pēc mitoloģisko priekšstatu aprakstam piemērotu principu izstrādes konceptu vārdnīcā. Pētījuma autore uzskata, ka krievu un latviešu mitoloģisko konceptu kodola un pamata līmenī var saskatīt daudzus līdzīgus jēdzieniskus komponentus, tomēr ir arī svarīgas 5 atšķirības, kas reģistrētas perifēriskā līmenī. Hipotēzi par krievu un latviešu mitoloģisko konceptu kopējo konceptuālo lauku ilustrē īpaši izstrādātais krievu un latviešu mitoloģisko konceptu vārdnīcas modelis, kas, pateicoties savai struktūrai, norāda lasītājam pētāmo konceptu kopīgos saturiskos komponentus un palīdz uztvert visus aprakstāmos konceptus kā vienotu makrostruktūru. Kā liecina pētījuma rezultāti, mitoloģiskie koncepti jāpēta īpaši, jo konceptuālā analīze ļauj ne vien ieraudzīt līdzīgo un atšķirīgo, kas raksturīgs slāvu un baltu kultūrām un apziņai, kā arī sabiedrībā pieņemtajām vērtībām, bet arī aprakstīt krievu un latviešu valodas runātāju lingvistiskos pamatpriekšstatus, kas veidojušies nacionālā pasaules redzējuma un pasaules uztveres iespaidā. Summary The promotional paper "Mythological Concept in the Language of Russian and Latvian Folklore" investigates Russian and Latvian mythological concepts such as Rus. домовой / Lat. mājas gars [house spirit], Rus. водяной / Lat. ūdens gars [water spirit], Rus. леший / Lat. meža gars [wood spirit], Rus. ведьма / Lat. ragana [witch], Rus. колдун / Lat. burvis [wizzard], Rus. черт / Lat. velns [devil]. The aim of the paper is to investigate the abovementioned mythologemic words, as well as mythological perceptions encountered in the language of folklore from the point of view of the concept theory and to develop a system of research procedures aimed at identifying a lexicographic framework for describing mythological concepts in a dictionary of mythological concepts. Comparative research on Russian and Latvian mythological concepts is topical for the development of Latvian linguistics, primarily because there has been but little research work in the field of concept theory in Latvia and, therefore, this paper may contribute to a broader spread and development of this theory in Latvian science. Secondly, even though Russian and Latvian languages, cultures and perceptions have been described in a comparative aspect before, there has been not enough research focused on a comparative description of Russian and Latvian mythological concepts. Therefore the topicality of the promotional paper is based, firstly, on the current interest of contemporary linguistics in manifestations of the national mindset in language; secondly, on 6 the perceived need to study Russian and Latvian mythological concepts; and, thirdly, the need for developing a framework for describing mythological concepts in a concept dictionary. The author holds the view that Russian and Latvian mythological concepts – the nucleus and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • University of Latvia Baltic Studies: Courses (Bachelor Level)
    University Of Latvia Baltic Studies: Courses (Bachelor Level) Autumn semester 2014/15 [01.09.2014 – 21.12.2014] A HISTORY OF LATVIAN CULTURE on Tuesdays, (2 credits*) Wednesdays from 02.09.14 till 24.09.14 12:30 – 16:00 Code: Vēst2102 Azpazijas Bvld. 5 lect. I. Runce Room 120 LATVIAN FOLKLORE AND LITERATURE on Thursdays (2 credits*) Azpazijas Bvld. 5 from 04.09.14 till 23.10.14 10:30 – 14:00 Code: Folk4012 Room 120 dr. R. Auškāps INTRODUCTION TO HISTORY OF DIPLOMACY (1648-1918) on Fridays (2 credits*) Raiņa Blvd. 19 from 05.09.14 till 19.12.14 10:30 – 12:00 Code: Vēst2350 Room 210 Prof. A. Stranga THE HISTORY OF BALTIC (1200 till 1850-60) on Fridays (2 credits*) Raiņa Blvd.19 from 05.09.14 till 19.12.14 14:30 – 16:00 Code: Vēst1067 Room 210 Prof. A. Stranga MUSIC IN THE BALTICS on Tuesdays (2 credits*) Visvalža Str. 4a from 21.10.14 till 16.12.14 10:30. – 14:00 Code : MākZ1031 Room 305 Prof. V. Muktupāvels INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS STANDARTS IN THE BALTIC STATES on Wednesdays (2 credits*) Raiņa Blvd. 19 from 29.10.14 till 17.12.14 10:30 – 14:00 Code: JurZ2024 Room 6 Asoc.prof. A. Kučs RECENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT on Thursdays OF LATVIA Azpazijas Bvld. 5 (2 credits*) Room 320 from 06.11.14 till 18.12.14 12:30 – 16:00 Code: Ekon5069 Prof. B. Sloka Room 518 + Monday, 10.11.14 A HISTORY OF ETHNIC MINORITIES on Mondays, from 01.12.14 till 16.12.14 14:30 – 18:00 IN LATVIA Tuesdays (2 credits*) Azpazijas Bvld.
    [Show full text]
  • Between National and Academic Agendas Ethnic Policies and ‘National Disciplines’ at the University of Latvia, 1919–1940
    BETWEEN NATIONAL AND ACADEMIC AGENDAS Ethnic Policies and ‘National Disciplines’ at the University of Latvia, 1919–1940 PER BOLIN Other titles in the same series Södertörn Studies in History Git Claesson Pipping & Tom Olsson, Dyrkan och spektakel: Selma Lagerlöfs framträdanden i offentligheten i Sverige 1909 och Finland 1912, 2010. Heiko Droste (ed.), Connecting the Baltic Area: The Swedish Postal System in the Seventeenth Century, 2011. Susanna Sjödin Lindenskoug, Manlighetens bortre gräns: tidelagsrättegångar i Livland åren 1685–1709, 2011. Anna Rosengren, Åldrandet och språket: En språkhistorisk analys av hög ålder och åldrande i Sverige cirka 1875–1975, 2011. Steffen Werther, SS-Vision und Grenzland-Realität: Vom Umgang dänischer und „volksdeutscher” Nationalsozialisten in Sønderjylland mit der „großgermanischen“ Ideologie der SS, 2012. Södertörn Academic Studies Leif Dahlberg och Hans Ruin (red.), Fenomenologi, teknik och medialitet, 2012. Samuel Edquist, I Ruriks fotspår: Om forntida svenska österledsfärder i modern historieskrivning, 2012. Jonna Bornemark (ed.), Phenomenology of Eros, 2012. Jonna Bornemark och Hans Ruin (eds), Ambiguity of the Sacred, 2012. Håkan Nilsson (ed.), Placing Art in the Public Realm, 2012. Lars Kleberg and Aleksei Semenenko (eds), Aksenov and the Environs/Aksenov i okrestnosti, 2012. BETWEEN NATIONAL AND ACADEMIC AGENDAS Ethnic Policies and ‘National Disciplines’ at the University of Latvia, 1919–1940 PER BOLIN Södertörns högskola Södertörns högskola SE-141 89 Huddinge www.sh.se/publications Cover Image, taken from Latvijas Universitāte Illūstrācijās, p. 10. Gulbis, Riga, 1929. Cover: Jonathan Robson Layout: Jonathan Robson and Per Lindblom Printed by E-print, Stockholm 2012 Södertörn Studies in History 13 ISSN 1653-2147 Södertörn Academic Studies 51 ISSN 1650-6162 ISBN 978-91-86069-52-0 Contents Foreword ......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Couronians | Semigallians | Selonians
    BALTS’ ROAD, THE COURONIAN ROUTE SEGMENT Route: Rucava – Liepāja – Grobiņa – Jūrkalne – Alsunga – Kuldīga – Ventspils – Talsi – Valdemārpils – Sabile – Saldus – Embūte – Mosėdis – Plateliai – Kretinga – Klaipėda – Palanga – Rucava Duration: 3–4 days. Length about 790 km In ancient times, Couronians lived on the coast of the Baltic Sea. At that time, the sea and rivers were an important waterway that inuenced their way of life and interaction with neighbouring nations. You will nd out about this by taking the circular Couronian Route Segment. Peaceful deals were made during trading. Merchants from faraway lands Macaitis, Tērvete Tourism Information Centre, Zemgale Planning Region. Planning Zemgale Centre, Information Tourism Tērvete Macaitis, were tempted to visit the shores of the Baltic Sea looking for the northern gold – Photos: Līva Dāvidsone, Artis Gustovskis, Arvydas Gurkšnis, Denisas Nikitenka, Mindaugas Mindaugas Nikitenka, Denisas Gurkšnis, Arvydas Gustovskis, Artis Dāvidsone, Līva Photos: Publisher: Kurzeme Planning Region, Zemgale Planning Region 2019 Region Planning Zemgale Region, Planning Kurzeme Publisher: amber. To nd out more about amber, visit the Palanga Amber Museum (40) Centre, National Regional Development Agency in Lithuania. in Agency Development Regional National Centre, and the Liepāja Crafts House (6). Ancient Couronian boats, the barges, are Authors: Kurzeme Planning Region, Zemgale Planning Region, Šiauliai Tourism Information Information Tourism Šiauliai Region, Planning Zemgale Region, Planning Kurzeme Authors:
    [Show full text]
  • Latvijas Universitāte Austra Celmiņa-Ķeirāne
    LATVIJAS UNIVERSITĀTE AUSTRA CELMIŅA-ĶEIRĀNE LATVIEŠU MITOLOĢIJA VIZUĀLĀ UN VERBĀLĀ TEKSTĀ (1880–1945) PROMOCIJAS DARBS Doktora grāda iegūšanai folkloristikā Apakšnozare: mitoloģija Darba zinātniskā vadītāja: Dr. habil. philol., LU prof. Janīna Kursīte-Pakule Rīga, 2019 SATURS IEVADS.............................................................................................................................. 3 1. TEKSTS, TĀ UZBŪVE UN KONTEKSTS............................................................. 20 1.1. Folkloras teksts kontekstuālās pieejas skatījumā............................................. 20 1.2. Mākslinieciska teksta definīcija......................................................................... 22 1.3. Strukturālās uzbūves elementi un principi vizuālā un verbālā tekstā........... 25 1.3.1. Mākslas darba siţets...................................................................................... 25 1.3.2. Laiktelpa mākslinieciska teksta kompozīcijā................................................ 29 1.3.3. Krāsa un tās simboliskā vērtība..................................................................... 38 1.3.4. Izteiksmes būtība........................................................................................... 44 1.4. Diskursu pārklāšanās mitoloģiskās tēmas kontekstā....................................... 45 Secinājumi........................................................................................................................ 46 2. MITOLOĢISKĀS TĒMAS ATTĪSTĪBA VIZUĀLĀ TEKSTĀ. LATVIJAS KULTŪRVĒSTURISKAIS
    [Show full text]
  • Dress Code: Latvian
    Dress Code: Latvian 1 Cover photo: National dress is an integral part of Latvia’s heritage. If you have ever looked at one, you must have noticed Contemporary remake that more attention was paid to beauty than practicality. The many colourful layers, ornaments, brooches of a Rucava region folk and embroideries probably did not make life easier for Latvians of the past. Yet even today, when you spot dress made out of 9 belts, someone in such a costume, you will sense the elegance and grace radiating from both the wearer and 4 trousers, 3 crocheted garments. blankets, a jacket, shirt, sweater and a bicycle Of course, garments that have survived up to the present are costumes worn on festive occasions. They gearwheel. Recycled.lv have been handed down from generation to generation as treasured heirlooms. Nowadays, you are most collection Etnography, likely to come across people dressed in these timeless jewels during the Nationwide Song and Dance cel- 2014. ebration. All participants of choirs and dance ensembles are likely to wear costumes from their respective region of ancestry. Upper right: Contemporary At its essence, a traditional Latvian costume was the dress worn by the indigenous inhabitants of Latvia – accessories with the Balts and Livs. It includes everything that its owner hand-made for the various seasons and occasions. traditional Latvian graphic In contemporary Latvia, artists and designers still draw inspiration from the countless ornaments, symbols, symbols. Each sign has colour combinations and designs, the knowledge of which has been kept alive throughout the centuries. its own meaning and was The oldest models date back to as early as the 13th century.
    [Show full text]
  • 3 Phd Student Latvian Academy of Culture Ludzas Iela 24, Rīga, Lv-1003
    WRestlinG ON THE TABle: THE COntemPORARY WEDDinG MEAL in LAtviA AstrA spAlvēnA PhD student Latvian Academy of Culture ludzas iela 24, rīga, LV-1003 e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT the object of this paper is to examine the contemporary wedding meal in latvia, focusing on one particular social group of well situated young couples who choose fine dining restaurants or rented venues for their wedding celebrations because they considered restaurant weddings more elaborate and modern. the desire to embrace a modern lifestyle is the way in which to obtain a new identity in a rapidly changing post-socialist world. the aim of present research is to reveal how different traditions intertwine in the wedding meal – new or borrowed, with ancient and national or soviet tradi- tions. While followers of a modern lifestyle are emphasising a challenge to tradi- tions, it is nevertheless the wedding meal and symbolic practices connected with it that indicates a more or less intentional respect for tradition. I argue that the wedding ceremony reveals the shift from rites of passage to social distinction. this argument is developed by analysing how social and family relationships, value systems and the ethos as a whole have changed recently in latvia. the use of the symbolic capacity of wedding food, denoting fertility and prosperity, provides the stability of the structure of the wedding feast, which also affects the structure of the marriage ceremony as a whole. KEYWORDS: wedding rituals • contemporary traditions • festive meal • food as symbol INTRODUCTION the metaphor of wrestling is applied here to the wedding meal to highlight some of its essential features.
    [Show full text]
  • Socialist Folkloristics: a Disciplinary Heritage
    Institute of Literature, Folklore and Art, University of Latvia SOCIALIST FOLKLORISTICS: A DISCIPLINARY HERITAGE International Interdisciplinary Conference Riga, 16–18 December 2020 via the Zoom platform UDK 7/9(062) So084 The conference is organized by the Institute of Literature, Folklore and Art of the University of Latvia Organizing Committee: Toms Ķencis Rita Grīnvalde Baiba Krogzeme-Mosgorda Gatis Ozoliņš Ginta Pērle-Sīle Digne Ūdre Māra Vīksna Editors: Baiba Krogzeme-Mosgorda, Rita Grīnvalde Language editor: Laine Kristberga Cover designer: Krišs Salmanis Layout designer: Baiba Dūdiņa Cover photo: State Archives of Latvia (LVA 1757. f, 5-vp apr., 45. l., 64. lp.) The conference is funded by the Latvian Council of Science project Latvian Folkloristics (1945–1985) (grant No. lzp-2018/2-0268) ISBN 978-9984-893-49-5 © Institute of Literature, Folklore and Art of the University of Latvia, 2020 © Authors, 2020 The Mission Statement The grandiose Soviet experiment left us a heritage that profoundly affects the public image, collections, and research of folk-related disciplines even today. It manifests itself in a broad range of representations from stage performances and archival collections to the very perception of what is authentic, real, or national. Socialist traditions were invented, myths made, and rituals staged. And now, it is a vast and crudely mapped history of culture and knowledge production, stretching for more than 70 years across half of Europe and beyond. The conference Socialist Folkloristics: A Disciplinary Heritage aims to produce and exchange knowledge that will help to arrive at better understanding of this region – beyond the outdated Cold War epistemic dispositif and across the boundaries of national scholarships.
    [Show full text]
  • Latvian Medieval Symbols
    “GREAT ROUTES IN Latvian medieval THE MIDDLE AGE AND THEIR SYMBOLOGY” Nr. 2016-1-ES01- symbols KA219-025035_3 Katrīna Kārkle and Dace Asme Latvia Christianity symbols in Latvia middle age time The Livonian Brothers of the Sword (Latin: Fratres militiæ Christi Livoniae, German: Schwertbrüderorden, French: Ordre des Chevaliers Porte-Glaive) was a catholic military order established by the third bishop of Riga, Bishop Albert of Riga (or possibly Theoderich von Treyden), in 1202.Religious organization of German knights in the territory of Latvia and Estonia. The suit is a white cape with a red cross on it. Sword- power Cross- Christianity White – holy,innocence Map of the Livonian order The Livonian Order, or the Holy House of the Holy Family of Jerusalem of Saint Mary, the brotherhood of Livonia (Latin: Fratres de Domo Sanctae Mariae Theutonicorum, Jerusalemitana per Livonia) was the branch of the German Order in Livonia, which was formed after the destruction of the Order of the Swordsman in the Sun Battle of 1236. Terra Mariana – land of St.Mary – Holy Jesus Christ mother Seal of the Livonian Order's master and the Coat of Arms of Teutonic Knights in the Livonian Order Knight of the Livonian Order on a horse The Livonian Order was an autonomous branch of the Teutonic Order, formed in 1237. It was later a member of the Livonian Confederation, from 1435 to 1561. The key is the symbol of success Tower – symbolizing power, as well as taking off above a daily life. Riga town oldest stamp. 1226. Since the first half of the 16th century, at the back of the Riga bench at Lübeck Shipyard, the first emblem of Riga has been preserved in heraldic colors: two towers with open gates on the silver field, a red cross on the top, two black crossed keys below it (bench copy RVMM) Claw cross Church Latvian Ethnographic Open-Air Museum.
    [Show full text]
  • Art and Artist
    International Journal of Culture and History, Vol. 3, No. 3, September 2017 Representing Time: Art and Artist Mg.art. Agita Gritane means to live and work in the changing conditions of political Abstract—The proposed paper for the Conference is the power. insight into Latvian artist Jekabs Bine (1895-1955) life and Each political power regime in the history of art brings its creative work during 20th century first half. Jekabs Bine was position reflection, leaving it as a heritage of the past, which one of the artists of the interwar period who focused on often is synthesized with the next period art direction. In idealized depicting of the Latvian image and search for Latvian identity in the legacy of the past. studies of art and power relations often disappears the human All my research aim is regional identity, going through factor – how at specific circumstances lived and thought the politics, history and art. How changes of political powers during artist – personality that created the art during one or the other the first half of the 20th century affected an artist who strongly power position time and influence. How strong compromise believed in Latvia's identity. I am deeply interested in battle was between external manifestations of creativity and researching what was an artist’s contribution and role in the ideology? making of the Latvian identity? Bine's life and work phenomenon is based on the fact, that the artist dedicated all his life and creative work to find and study the Latvian national identity, in spite of regular political II.
    [Show full text]
  • Latvian Symbols
    LATVIAN SYMBOLS AUSTRA'S KOKS (TREE) Symbolises world order, linking past, present, and future. Guardian of the beautiful and valuable. Believed to bring luck, blessings, success. AUSEKLIS (MORNING STAR) Auseklis is subordinate to Mēness (moon) while also his rival for Saule's (the sun's) daughter. Victory of light over dark. Protector of men. DIEVS (GOD) In ancient Latvian mythology, Dievs was not just the father of the Gods, he was the essence of them. This symbol represents the sky, as a roof over the earth. Dievs, is also called Debestēvs, which means sky father JUMIS (PAGAN GOD) Jumis is an agricultural deity representing fertility and a good harvest. He appears dressed in clothes made from field crops, such as wheat and barley. The symbol of Jumis has a symmetrical form somewhat like crossed grain flails or (if you use your imagination), a shock of wheat. LAIMA (FATE) Laima is Fate in Latvian mythology. Each individual has their own Laima, The needle, or herringbone, pattern of Laima's sign mimics the needle pattern of pine tree branches. Fate, life. The rhythm of life and the seasons. Divine fortune. MARA (MOTHER EARTH) Māra is the highest divinity of Motherhood. Resolution, completeness. The active, dynamic world. Protector against misfortune, bringer of godliness SAULE (THE SUN) Saulė is one of the most powerful deities, the goddess of life and fertility, warmth and health. She is patroness of the unfortunate, especially orphans. UGUNSKRUSTS (FIRECROSS) Ugunskrusts is a traditional motif from Latvian folklore. It was used as a symbol of its armed forces before the country was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940.
    [Show full text]
  • The Character of the Fairy Tale Devil in the Graphics
    Austra Celmiņa-Ķeirāne The Character of the Fairy Tale Devil in the Graphics .. 76 Human, Technologies and Quality of Education, 2019 https://doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2019.08 THE CHARACTER OF THE FAIRY TALE DEVIL IN THE GRAPHICS OF LATVIAN BOOKS: THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY Austra Celmiņa-Ķeirāne University of Latvia, Latvia ABSTRACT The works of Latvian artists analysed in the article – illustrations for folklore stocks or individual fairy tales – represent the stylistic diversity of the books of the first half of the 20th century, the gradual emergence of the national art features and the development of the iconography of the frequently appearing character of the mythical devil. Most of the illustrations of the folklore material during this period are characterized by the adherence to the traditions of realistic representation, linking the text to be illustrated with the environment and attributes of Latvian peasant life. The researcher has used the key principles of the contextual method and the iconological method. For the analysis of the study, the illustrations by Latvian artists and popular book illustrators Rihards Zariņš, Janis Rozentāls, Eduards Brencēns, Jānis Saukums, Alberts Kronenbergs, Indriķis Zeberiņš and Ernests Brastiņš were selected in order to look for the iconographic origins in Ādams Alksnis’s works. Keywords: devil, folklore, illustrations, Latvian art. Introduction The illustrations of Latvian folklore publications in the first half of the 20th century reveal a common trend – they are based on the studies of ethnographic artefacts and traditional lifestyle, and their elements are interpreted and stylized according to the aesthetic values of the time (Treija, 2015).
    [Show full text]
  • History of State and Church Relationships in Latvia
    HISTORY OF STATE AND CHURCH RELATIONSHIPS IN LATVIA RINGOLDS BALODIS Separation of Church and State has never implied segregation of reli- gion from society or the complete exclusion of the Church from social life. This would not be possible in a democratic country, as religion and religious associations form one of the main elements structuring society. The official attitude of the traditional Church towards political processes within the state is neutral. However, the Church, which by its nature is a polygamous community, has the power to influence the polit- ical regime within the state, especially due to the fact that it often receives strong external support. Many examples can be quoted in order to sup- port this statement – for example the Holy See, is now seeking to sign a Concordat with the Republic of Latvia. The supporter of the Latvian Orthodox Church is the Orthodox Church of Russia. Its position often concurs with the official government position of Russia. New non-tra- ditional religious organisations come to Latvia only with the help of strong foreign backing. Muslim support is based in Saudi Arabia, the metropolis of Islam Mission, which is even prepared to finance the con- struction of a mosque in Riga. Mormons are supported by the United States. Seventh Day Adventists and Jehovah’s Witnesses reinforce their status in Latvia with aid from the US and the European Union. If we ignore these links and enforce an imprudent government policy with respect to these Churches, we may face serious foreign policy problems, which in the long run can affect the economy of our country.
    [Show full text]