Occupied Palestinian Territory Emergency Appeal 2020 2020 Opt Emergency Appeal I 2020 Opt Emergency Appeal

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occupied Palestinian territory emergency appeal 2020 2020 oPt emergency appeal i 2020 oPt emergency appeal

About UNRWA UNRWA is a United Nations agency established by the General Assembly in 1949 and is mandated to provide assistance and protection to a population of some 5.6 million registered Palestine refugees. Its mission is to help Palestine refugees in Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip to achieve their full potential in human development, pending a just solution to their plight. UNRWA services encompass education, health care, relief and social services, camp infrastructure and improvement, microfinance and emergency assistance. UNRWA is funded almost entirely by voluntary contributions.

Headquarters - Amman Amman, Jordan Tel: +962 (6) 580 2512 www.unrwa.org

Cover Photo: First grade students from UNRWA Sabra Elementary Co-ed School receiving their new stationery on the first day of school. © 2019 UNRWA. Photo by Khalil Adwan united nations relief and works agency for palestine refugees in the near east ii

foreword by the acting commissioner-general

In 2019, UNRWA was confronted with unprecedented conducted by the Israeli security forces often result in deaths, organizational and financial challenges, which put our ability injuries caused by live ammunition and excessive exposure to to fulfil our mandate to the test. The decision of the United tear gas. The past 12 months have seen a worrisome increase Nations General Assembly, in December 2019, to extend the in demolitions of Palestinian home and property, resulting UNRWA mandate until 2023 is a confirmation of the relevance in displacement and increased vulnerability. Our ability to of the Agency’s mission, pending a just and lasting solution to provide affected families with emergency assistance is crucial the plight of Palestine refugees. to reducing suffering and maintaining dignity. However, despite extraordinary resource mobilization I would like to acknowledge the generous support of the efforts and the funds generously pledged by some donors, Agency’s many donors and partners. This has allowed us to the continuation of our core services and humanitarian maintain the provision of services and deliver emergency operations is at risk due to repeated financial shortfalls. These assistance even under challenging circumstances; your are increasing the suffering of some of the most vulnerable contributions and trust in our mandate have been essential communities in the Middle East. As of the end of October to ensure that Palestine refugees received most needed 2019, we had received only 54 per cent of the funds required humanitarian support. I call on the international community to to deliver humanitarian assistance to more than one million maintain and increase its support to our emergency operations Palestine refugees in Gaza and the West Bank, including East in 2020, to preserve the human development and the dignity Jerusalem. In 2019, we were only able to avoid a disruption of Palestine refugees in the occupied Palestinian territory. in the provision of vital assistance in the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt) by taking the extraordinary decision to cover the shortfall in emergency funds through an advance from UNRWA programme budget. However, the Agency’s programme budget is also under unprecedented pressure and without predictable and increased funding to our emergency activities in 2020, there is a high risk that Palestine refugees in Gaza and the West Bank could be deprived of critical food and protection assistance. Christian Saunders In Gaza, thirteen years of blockade continue to have UNRWA Acting Commissioner-General devastating humanitarian consequences on the daily lives of Palestine refugees. Movement restrictions, and extremely high unemployment and poverty rates adversely affect households’ food security, eroding coping mechanisms and worsening the living conditions of Palestine refugees who remain highly dependent on the humanitarian assistance provided by UNRWA to meet their basic needs. The feeling of despair and hopelessness experienced by many Palestine refugees, in particular youth, is increased by repeated cycles of violence and widespread insecurity, with negative consequences on the mental health and psychosocial wellbeing of communities and individuals. In the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, Palestine refugees continue to face a protection crisis as a consequence of the Israeli occupation, restricting their access to land and property, essential services and employment and severely constraining their freedom of movement. Regular security operations iii 2020 oPt emergency appeal table of contents acronyms and abbreviations ��iv executive summary �� 1 humanitarian dashboard �� 3 context and needs analysis �� 4 planning scenario: assumptions �� 5 programme requirements �� 7 gaza: overview �� 8 gaza: sector-specific interventions �� 9 strategic priority 1 �� 9 strategic priority 2 �� 12 west bank: sector-specific interventions �� 18 strategic priority 1 �� 19 strategic priority 2 �� 21 gaza, west bank and headquarters �� 23 strategic priority 3 �� 23 annex 1: risk register �� 27 endnotes �� 34 united nations relief and works agency for palestine refugees in the near east iv

acronyms and abbreviations

CSC Camp Service Committee ISF Israeli Security Forces CfW Cash-for-Work MHPSS Mental Health and Psychosocial Support CG UNRWA Commissioner-General NFIs Non-food items COGAT Coordinator of Government Activities in the NGO Non-governmental organization Territories CwC Communication with Communities OCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs DCG UNRWA Deputy Commissioner-General oPt occupied Palestinian territory DIOS UNRWA Department of Internal Oversight Ser- PA Palestinian Authority vices DUA Director of UNRWA Affairs PAS Poverty Assessment Survey EA Emergency Appeal PCBS Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics EiE Education in Emergencies PHC Primary Health Care EPR Emergency Preparedness and Response PMTF Proxy Means Test Formula ERCD UNRWA Department of External Relations and PN Protection and Neutrality Communications GBV Gender-based violence RBM Results-Based Monitoring FTE Full-Time Equivalent RSSP Relief and Social Services Programme GFO Gaza Field Office SEA Sexual Exploitation and Abuse GMR Great March of Return SIMS Security Information Management System GPP Gaza Power Plant SOPs Standard Operating Procedures GRM Gaza Reconstruction Mechanism UNCT United Nations Country Team HCs Health Centres/Health Clinics UNDSS United Nations Department for Safety and Security HCT Humanitarian Country Team UNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East HPC Humanitarian Programme Cycle VAC Violence against Children HRP Humanitarian Response Plan WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene HQ UNRWA Headquarters WBFO West Bank Field Office IHL International Humanitarian Law WFP World Food Programme IHRL International Human Rights Law WHO World Health Organization ILS New Israeli Shekels WPC Women Programme Centre 1 2020 oPt emergency appeal executive summary

The lives of Palestine refugees in the occupied Palestinian In 2019, US$ 138 million was needed to cover the costs of territory (oPt) continue to be disrupted by the impact of UNRWA emergency interventions in the oPt. However, as of more than fifty years of occupation, repeated violations of 31 October 2019, only US$ 74.8 million had been pledged, human rights and other applicable norms of international corresponding to 54 per cent of total financial requirements. law and high levels of violence, with individual, familial and UNRWA would like to acknowledge the continued and community resilience stretched to the limit. generous support from its many donors. However, the Agency was only able to avoid a disruption in critical interventions, In Gaza, Palestine refugees face the socio-economic and most notably food aid in Gaza, by exceptionally advancing humanitarian consequences of a land, air and sea blockade funds from its programme budget and by securing a loan from that will enter its fourteenth year in 2020. In 2019, the security the UN Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF). situation in Gaza remained volatile, with recurring incidents of violence, incursions and airstrikes by the Israeli security forces In 2020, in order to maintain the provision of essential (ISF) alongside the firing of rockets by Palestinian militants. humanitarian assistance to Palestine refugees in the oPt, The Great March of Return (GMR) demonstrations have UNRWA will continue to prioritize the most critical interventions continued throughout the year, albeit at a reduced intensity in its emergency appeal, in line with the approach adopted by compared to 2018. However, caring for the high number the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT) in the Humanitarian of casualties, including many Palestinians injured by live Response Plan (HRP) for the oPt. ammunition with long-term needs for injury care, continued In Gaza, this includes the provision of food assistance to to put an enormous pressure on Gaza’s already overstretched one million Palestine refugees; the creation of short-term health system. Between January and September 2019, the employment opportunities for vulnerable households; percentage of applications for medical permits to travel emergency health interventions, including support to outside Gaza approved by the Israeli authorities stood at 66 vulnerable patients in need of secondary and tertiary health per cent, representing a slight improvement as compared with care; and the delivery of mental health and psychosocial the year prior (60 per cent), but still denying many vulnerable support (MHPSS) activities through UNRWA schools and patients access to specialized treatment not available in Gaza. health centres (HCs). Funding is also sought for Education in The socio-economic situation in Gaza remained bleak, as Emergencies (EiE) and protection and neutrality interventions. a direct result of the severe economic contraction that In the West Bank, UNRWA emergency activities will remain continued. Unemployment rates in the territory are by some focused on alleviating food insecurity amongst the most margin the highest recorded anywhere in the world, as has vulnerable Palestine refugee and on ensuring critical been the case throughout much of the first two decades of the protection services to vulnerable refugees impacted by 21st century. Large proportions of the population are living protection threats due to the on-going occupation. In in poverty and food insecurity and remain dependent on aid partnership with the World Food Programme (WFP), the handouts. The situation is further compounded by ongoing Agency will deliver food parcels to 37,000 individuals from internal political instability. Bedouin and herder communities and will provide emergency In the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, Palestine refugees cash assistance to 3,573 abject poor refugee households are facing precarious socio-economic conditions as a inside and outside camps. Protection threats will be mitigated consequence of the occupation and the associated movement through monitoring, documenting and reporting on alleged restrictions imposed on Palestinians. This regime limits access violations of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and to land, property and essential services, constraining livelihood International Human Rights Law (IHRL) affecting refugees opportunities and curbing the potential for economic growth. and through the provision of targeted assistance to identified In 2019, security operations conducted by the ISF in the vulnerable refugees through UNRWA Crisis Intervention West Bank, including East Jerusalem, have continued, often Model. involving the use of live ammunition and tear gas, resulting in Within an extremely constrained funding environment, it is casualties, serious psycho-social impacts and damage to land more crucial than ever to ensure predictable and sufficient and property. Israeli settlements, established in contravention funding to UNRWA emergency interventions in 2020, in of international law in the West Bank, including East order to address the priority humanitarian needs of Palestine Jerusalem, have continued to expand throughout the year. In refugees in Gaza and the West Bank. Any further reductions 2019, UNRWA registered a worrying increase in demolitions in emergency funding could have a detrimental impact on of Palestinian homes and damage to property, as well as in the human security of Palestine refugees, with potentially the number of Palestinians forcibly displaced, with refugees destabilizing effects on the oPt. The humanitarian problems disproportionately affected. faced by Palestine refugees today must be addressed as a matter of shared responsibility, pending a just and lasting united nations relief and works agency for palestine refugees in the near east 2

solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, including the health and psychosocial assistance and monitoring, reporting Palestine refugee question, in accordance with international and advocacy. law, including relevant UN General Assembly Resolutions. Strategic Priority 3: Effective management and coordination In 2020, the UNRWA emergency appeal for the oPt will be of the emergency response is ensured to safeguard the guided by the following strategic priorities: effectiveness, efficiency and neutrality of programme delivery. Strategic Priority 1: Crisis-affected Palestine refugee households facing acute shocks have increased economic access to food through food aid, Cash-for-Work (CfW) and e-cards targeting the most vulnerable households. Strategic Priority 2: Palestine refugees maintain their access to critical services and assistance, including education and health and are protected from the most severe impacts of hostilities and violence through the provision of mental

A CfW beneficiary employed in an UNRWA installation © 2019 UNRWA Photo by Khalil Adwan 3 2019 oPt emergency appeal 3 2019 oPt emergency appeal 33 20192020 oPt oPt eme emergencyrgency appeal appeal 20202020 oPtoPt eme r gency 2020 appeal oPt emeemerrgencygency appealappeal

981,361 Palestine refugees currently receiving ts PUNalesRWAtine eme refurgeesgency curr foeondt asly sreiscteiviancneg ts eme n 1.9 million 981,361 UNPaRWAlestine eme refrugegeesncy curr fooedn astlys irsetancceivieng ts refugees live below the abject-pove3 rty total1.9 Palestinian million population 981,361 UNRWA emergency food assistance eme n

596,817 equi r total 1.9Palestinian million population rlineefugees live below the abject-poverty eme n 73% 19% 1 596,817 equi r Gaza total Palestinian51.5% population linerefugees live below the abject-poverty registered female youth 73% (15-2419% yrs) 596,817 line equi r Gaza refugees 51.5% unemployment rate regis73%tered female youth19% 45% funding r US$ 145,393,000 Gaza refugees 51.5% (15-24 yrs)2 registered female youth 45% unemployment rate funding r refugees (15-24 yrs) 45% unemployment rate US$ 145,393,000 funding r US$ 145,393,000

individuals from Bedouin and herder ts icndomivimduuanlistie frsom in nBedeedou ofin eme andr gehencyrder f ood

37,000 ts caiondsmsisivimtaduunncaietiels fsr omin n eeBedd ouof iemen andrge hencyrder fo od eme n 2.9 million 37,000 ts acsosismtamnucneities in need of emergency food

total Palestinian population 37,000 eme n 2.9 million refugee unemployment rate 15% assistance equi r t Bank total 2.9Palestinian million popul19%ation eme n 28.5% 4 refugee unemployment rate 49% 15% equi r t Bank registteotalred Palestinian populyouthation female 19% refugee unemployment rate e s 28.5% refugees 49% (15-24 yrs) 15% Palestine refugees forcibly displaced in equi r t Bank registered youth 28.5% female 19% 249 US$ 9,343,140 e s 49% (15-24 yrs)5 Palestinethe West refugeesBank, including forcibly East displaced Jerusalem in funding r

W refugees registered female youth US$ 9,343,140

e s 249 in 2019

refugees (15-24 yrs) thePalestine West Bank, refugees including forcibly East displaced Jerusalem in funding r W

249 US$ 9,343,140

inthe 2019 West Bank, including East Jerusalem funding r W in 2019 total funding requirements: US$ 155,080,795 total funding requirements: US$ 155,080,795 tproogtrammeal rfundingequirements requirements:gaza west US$bank un155,080,795rwa hq subtotal pstrroagtergammeic priori requity 1 rements gaza west bank unrwa hq subtotal stprraoteggrammeic priori rtequiy 1 rements gaza west bank unrwa hq subtotal emergency food assistance 95,000,000 2,230,567 131,284,673 emestratregengicc prioriy cash-ty f1or-work 30,000,000 emergency food assistance 95,000,000 2,230,567 131,284,673(85%) emeemergencyemergenrgenccyy cash-cash food fassistance oassistanr-workce 30,000,00095,000,000 4,054,1062,230,567 131,284,673 emergencysubemetotalrgency cash cash- assistancefor-work 125,000,00030,000,000 4,054,1066,284,673 (85%) substemergencyrattotalegic priori cashty 2assistance 125,000,000 6,284,6734,054,106 (85%) stemergencysubratetotalgic priori healthty 2 125,000,0004,828,000 6,284,673 strategic priority 2 emergencyeducation in health emergencies 4,828,0003,220,000 19,021,365 mentalemergency health health and psychosocial support 7,000,0004,828,000 education in emergencies 3,220,000 19,021,365(12%) mentalprotectioneducation health in emergencies and psychosocial support 7,000,0001,200,0003,220,000 2,773,365 19,021,365 mental health and psychosocial support 7,000,000 (12%) protection 1,200,000 2,773,365 (12%) subprotectiontotal 16,248,0001,200,000 2,773,3652,773,365 substrattotalegic priority 3 16,248,000 2,773,365 stcsubooratretdinotalgica priorition andty 3 management 16,248,0001,400,000 2,773,365285,102 344,655 cneutstoorardintrealigaictytion priori andty manageme3 nt 1,400,000245,000 285,102 344,655 4,774,757 neutsacoofetrydinali andtyation secu andrity management 2,500,0001,400,000245,000 285,102 344,655 4,774,757 (3%) 4,774,757 saneutfetyr aliandty security 2,500,000245,000 (3%) subsafettotaly and security 4,145,0002,500,000 285,102 344,655 (3%) subtotaltotal 145,393,0004,145,000 9,343,140285,102 344,655344,655 155,080,795 tsubotaltotal 145,393,0004,145,000 9,343,140285,102 344,655344,655 155,080,795 total 145,393,000 9,343,140 344,655 155,080,795 united nations relief and works agency for palestine refugees in the near east 4 context and needs analysis Gaza In Gaza, Palestine refugees continue to face a socioeconomic World Bank, economic activities in Gaza contracted by seven and humanitarian crisis. This is a direct consequence of the per cent in 2018, the deepest economic downturn Gaza has protracted Israeli land, air and sea blockade, which will enter witnessed that is not a result of a conflict.11 This has given rise its fourteenth year in June 2020, coupled with cycles of to even more despair amongst the population, especially the hostilities and violence, political instability and restricted entry young. The unemployment rate stood at 45.1 per cent during and exit at Rafah border crossing with Egypt. In 2019, security the third quarter of 2019, while it was 38.8 and 43.1 per cent in remained highly volatile, with recurring incursions and 2017 and 2018 respectively.12 airstrikes by the Israeli security forces (ISF), alongside the firing On the political level, key steps towards ending the decade- of rockets by militants, and frequent demonstrations along long political divide between Fatah and Hamas failed to the perimeter fence separating the Gaza Strip and Israel. The materialize in 2019, despite the reconciliation deal signed GMR demonstrations, which started on 30 March 2018, have between Hamas and Fatah in October 2017. continued in 2019. Although levels of violence and casualties have decreased as part of a fragile and unofficial ceasefire The Palestinian Authority’s (PA) financial crisis and the deal between Israel and Hamas, at the time of writing Friday suppression by Hamas’ security forces of popular dissent demonstrations continued to attract thousands of participants, exacerbated political uncertainty. A public service delivery and ISF routinely responded with live ammunition resulting in crisis, compounded by a 30-50 per cent reduction in salaries to frequent injuries and occasional deaths. As of 30 September PA employees directly affecting approximately 62,000 Gaza- 2019, 210 Palestinians and one Israeli have been killed in the based civil servants and their families, as well as reductions context of the GMR demonstrations, and 35,318 Palestinians, in social assistance, continue to increase the feelings of including 8,340 children, and seven Israelis have been injured⁶ frustration and despair.13 During the same period, 105 Palestinians and five Israelis were Last year, Qatar continued to fund the increased supply of killed in other circumstances.⁷ diesel fuel to the Gaza Power Plant (GPP), resulting in increased Caring for the injured, including 1,700 people with shattered availability of electricity in Gaza from 4-5 hours a day during limbs⁸ at risk of amputation, has placed enormous pressure most of 2018 to nearly 12-15 hours a day on average in 2019. on Gaza’s already crumbling health system that has also had However, electricity supplied through Israeli lines and the GPP to contend with: (i) severe shortages of electricity, medical combined still meets less than half of Gaza’s power demands.14 supplies and equipment; (ii) a continuing salary crisis Access to clean water remains at crisis level, and despite a affecting government employees, including medical staff; and slightly improved desalination capacity from 2,212 m3 per day (iii) access and movement restrictions affecting vulnerable in 2018 to 2,529 m3 of water per day as of September 2019, patients requiring health care not available in Gaza (66 per almost 97 per cent of Gaza's domestic groundwater supply cent of patient applications to depart via Erez were approved remains unfit for consumption.15 Consequently, dependency between January and September 2019). Within this context, on trucked water continued to place a strain on households. as a primary health care (PHC) service provider for Palestine Pollution levels associated with the flow of untreated refugees in Gaza, UNRWA has had to respond to increased wastewater into the Mediterranean Sea also remain far above emergency health needs at its 22 health centres, with the international standard of 60 mg/litre levels, although they patients, including many children, often presenting severe decreased to 179 mg/litre Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) in and long-term needs for injury care, rehabilitation through 2019 from 232 mg/litre BOD in 2018. physiotherapy, and psychosocial support.⁹ Together, these factors result in an ever increasing number of The effects of the GMR-related violence on school-aged Palestine refugees in Gaza in need of UNRWA humanitarian children have also been significant. Since the start of the GMR, assistance. However, the financial challenges faced by the UNRWA school principals have recorded the deaths of 13 Agency continue to put at risk the Agency’s ability to sustain students aged between 11 and 16 years, while 227 students the provision of this vital assistance. Donor support to UNRWA have also been recorded by their school as injured (most were emergency operations in Gaza at these critical times is more aged between 13 and 15 years, but some were as young as 7 crucial than ever to ensure that the most vulnerable Palestine years old). Most students have missed at least two weeks of refugees continue to receive the needed support. school as a result of their injuries, with some students requiring much longer absences (up to 65 school days in one instance).1⁰ The increase in poverty in Gaza and the high dependency on social assistance has been driven by the extreme volatility of its economy, characterized by short periods of growth followed by prolonged and deep recessions. According to the 5 2020 oPt emergency appeal

West Bank environs of Jerusalem and in the south - property damage, severe societal stress and at times fatalities. During the first The impact of the occupation continues to be felt on a daily nine months of 2019, at least 1,156 Palestinians were injured basis by the entire Palestinian population of the West Bank, and 25 were killed, among them 10 refugees, including four including over 853,00016 Palestine refugees registered with children. Of the total fatalities, 23 were caused by the ISF, UNRWA. while two were perpetrated by settlers.19 Throughout 2019, socio-economic conditions in the West Forced displacement and the risk of forced eviction and Bank remained difficult, with Palestine refugees often the forcible transfer contrary to international law remain key most affected. Unemployment rates remained higher for protection concerns. Displacements have increased at an Palestine refugees (15 per cent during the first half of the alarming rate in the first nine months of 2019 compared year) than non-refugees (13 per cent), with joblessness with the same period in 2018, with a 70 per cent increase rising to 20 per cent for those living in refugee camps.17 In in overall displacements, and a 67 per cent increase in 2018, UNRWA completed a re-assessment of its emergency refugee displacements. Palestine refugees continue to be caseloads and identified 65,610 Palestine refugees18 living disproportionately affected, accounting for around 41 per beneath the abject poverty line of US$ 1.79/day. This situation cent of those displaced in the first nine months of 2019, is expected to persist due to movement restrictions resulting while they only represent 25 per cent of the total population. from checkpoints and the permit regime associated with the Between January and September 2019, 249 Palestine refugees occupation and the construction of the barrier that constrain were displaced in the West Bank. Of these, 172 were female, livelihood opportunities and limit access to land, markets, including 73 girls under the age of 18. Children accounted and essential services, including education and primary for 49 per cent of all refugees displaced during this period. health care. Demolitions remain a major trigger of forced displacement Based on its monitoring and documentation, UNRWA has and dispossession. In 2019, UNRWA recorded reports of a 42 identified four major protection concerns affecting Palestine per cent increase in overall demolitions, with demolitions refugees: (i) injury, permanent disability or death as a result of refugee-owned structures increasing by 24 per cent.20 A of use of excessive force by Israeli Security Forces (ISF) during total of 125 Palestine refugee structures were demolished by security operations; (ii) forced displacement and risk of Israeli authorities in the first nine months of 2019, all of them forcible transfer due to the presence and expansion of illegal due to a lack of Israeli building permits.21 Israeli settlements; (iii) restrictions on freedom of movement; Displacement and property damage have a particularly and (iv) widespread exposure of children to violence. Regular detrimental impact on women, girls and persons with security operations conducted by the ISF in the West Bank, disabilities. Following house demolitions, families often including East Jerusalem, continued throughout 2019 and move in with extended family and relatives, giving women are expected to persist in 2020. These operations often result less control over their time and the household whilst in live ammunition injuries, excessive tear gas exposure – overcrowding and dependence exposes them to an increased particularly in the frontier villages and refugee camps in the risk of family discord and violence. planning scenario: assumptions Gaza-Specific Planning Assumptions • The energy crisis, the severe deficit affecting the public sector, and civil unrest will continue, imposing increased • Gaza will remain under blockade and restrictions on pressure on UNRWA to deliver assistance and services, the movement of people and goods will continue. especially in the health and education sectors, with an Temporary or limited relaxations of the blockade will not increasing number of patients and students. be sufficient to produce meaningful economic recovery. • The security situation will remain volatile with recurring The Gaza Reconstruction Mechanism (GRM) will continue incidents of violence and other protection concerns to facilitate the entry of construction materials into Gaza affecting Palestine refugees as a result of lack of compliance under close supervision. Restrictions will continue to with standards under international humanitarian law (IHL) make it difficult for Palestinians requiring urgent medical and international human rights law (IHRL). treatment outside the Gaza Strip to travel. • The funding environment for the implementation of • No significant economic recovery in Gaza will take UNRWA emergency activities in Gaza is expected to place; unemployment will remain high, especially for remain constrained. To ensure that Palestine refugees youth and women; and economic access to food limited. are able to meet their basic needs, under this EA, UNRWA The number of food-insecure Palestine refugees in need of will prioritize life-saving humanitarian interventions, support from UNRWA will continue to increase in light of specifically those related to Food Assistance, Mental Health deepening poverty levels. and Psychosocial Support, Cash for Work, and Emergency united nations relief and works agency for palestine refugees in the near east 6

Health in line with the strategic priorities of the inter- the daily lives of Palestine refugees in the West Bank. agency Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP). These critical This will result in a continuing demand for emergency humanitarian interventions will remain a priority for assistance from UNRWA, as well as a continuous need UNRWA fundraising efforts in 2020. for monitoring, reporting and advocacy for their protection. Refugees living in densely populated camps West Bank-Specific Planning are particularly vulnerable and expected to be affected Assumptions by the use of force following confrontations in the camps, • Demolition of Palestinian structures and property and the use of tear gas and live ammunitions. displacement of Palestinians from their property and • Local community cooperation, most notably through land; the advancement of new settlement housing units Camp Service Committees (CSCs), will play a crucial role in Area C contrary to international law; and the expansion in facilitating continuous UNRWA operations in the camps contrary to international law of current settlements without any service and activity disruptions. along with the continued construction of the barrier are • Humanitarian space for, and independence of, UNRWA expected to remain a challenge in 2020. Refugees in Area operations in East Jerusalem may continue to be C will continue to face challenges due to restricted access threatened by interference and possible obstruction to their livelihoods and basic services such as health care. impacting the Agency’s schools and installations and Bedouin and herder communities, whose traditional way delivery of critical health, relief and sanitation services to of life is threatened, will continue to be both isolated and thousands of refugees. vulnerable and their food insecurity will remain high. • Constraints on Palestine refugee access to UNRWA • Rural communities, in particular in Area C, will continue services, as well as constraints on UNRWA staff access to suffer from an increasingly coercive environment. to their duty stations within the West Bank, may increase Refugee Bedouin residents of Khan al-Ahmar and other as a result of movement restrictions associated with any communities in the Jerusalem periphery will continue purported Israeli annexation of land within the West to face potential imminent threats of demolition of Bank, including settlement blocks, affecting the Agency’s their communities and possible forced transfer. Refugee ability to deliver services and assistance. residents of Hebron H2 will witness an increased risk of • The Israeli permit regime will continue to be enforced, social isolation due to check points within the city and affecting the ability of staff members to move freely movement restrictions, with negative impacts on their between areas that require Israeli permits, including socioeconomic opportunities. movement between East Jerusalem and other parts of • The high number of protection threats to Palestine the West Bank. refugees related to the occupation – including threats • The funding environment for the implementation of to the rights to life, liberty, and security, and damage to UNRWA emergency activities in the West Bank is expected private property, economic assets, and health from the to remain constrained. use of lethal and non-lethal force in ongoing military and policing operations– is expected to continue, affecting

House demolished by the ISF and Jerusalem municipality on 11 February 2019 in Al Walaja village resulting in the displacement of seven individuals, including two children. UNRWA provided emergency cash assistance for rent and to replace personal belongings lost in the incident. © 2019 UNRWA, Photo by Firas Shedadeh 7 7 7 p77rog2020r ammeoPt emergency appeal requirements programme requirements pprorgrogamme requiammerements requirementsgaza west bank unrwa hq subtotal programme requirements gaza west bank unrwa hq subtotal stprroagtegicramme priori requity 1:reme nts gaza west bank unrwa hq subtotal stemeprroagtregicrgenammec prioriy food requit yassistan 1:reme nctse 95,000,000gaza 2,230,567west bank22 unrwa hq- subtotal strategic priority 1: 22 emergency fcash-ood assistanfor-workce 95,000,00030,000,000 2,230,567 22 - stemeratregicgenc prioriy foodt yassistan 1: ce 95,000,000 2,230,567 - emergency cash-cash assistanfor-workce 30,000,000 4,054,106 - emergency cash-food assistanfor-workce 30,000,00095,000,000 2,230,56722 - emesubtrotalgency cash assistance 125,000,000 4,054,1066,284,673 - 131,284,673 emergency cash-cash assistanfor-workce 30,000,000 4,054,106 - subtotal 125,000,000 6,284,673 - 131,284,673 emestsubrattrotalegicgenc prioriy casht yassistan 2: palestinece refugees maintain a125,000,000ccess to critical servic es4,054,1066,284,673 and are protected from the most- sev131,284,673er impacts of sthostilitiesrategic prioriand violenty 2: cpalestinee refugees maintain access to critical services and are protected from the most sever impacts of stsubrattotalegic priority 2: palestine refugees maintain a125,000,000ccess to critical24 services6,284,673 and are protected from the most- sev131,284,673er impacts of hostilitiesemergenc andy health violence 4,828,000 hostilities and violence 2425 emestratregicgenc prioriy healthty 2: palestine refugees maintain ac4,828,000cess to critical24 services and are protected from the most sever impacts of educemeragentionc yin health emergencies 3,220,0004,828,000 - hostilities and violence 2526 education in emergencies 3,220,000 25 - mental health and psychosocial support 7,000,00024 - educemeragentionc yin health emergencies 3,220,0004,828,000 - 26 1727 meprontetalction health and psychosocial support 7,000,0001,200,00026 2,773,365 - mental health and psychosocial support 7,000,00025 - education in emergencies 3,220,000 1727 - protection 1,200,0001727 2,773,365 - 26 pmerontetalction health and psychosocial support 7,000,0001,200,000 2,773,365 - subtotal 16,248,000 1727 2,773,365 - 19,021,365 protection 1,200,000 2,773,365 - subtotal 16,248,000 2,773,365 - 19,021,365 subtotal 16,248,000 2,773,365 - 19,021,365 strategic priority 3: stsubratotalegic priority 3: 28 16,248,000 2,773,365 - 19,021,365 cstoorartdinegication priori andty manageme 3: nt 1,400,000 285,102 344,655 28 cneutoordinraliatytion and management28 1,400,000245,000 285,102 344,655 cstoorartdinegication priori andty manageme 3: nt 1,400,000 285,102 344,655 neutrality 245,000 emergency preparedness 28 2,500,000 cneutoordinraliatytion and management 1,400,000245,000 285,102 344,655 emergency preparedness 2,500,000 neutemerrgenalitycy preparedness 2,500,000245,000 subtotal 4,145,000 285,102 344,655 4,774,757 emergency preparedness 2,500,000 subtotal 4,145,000 285,102 344,655 4,774,757 subgrandtotal total (US$) 145,393,0004,145,000 9,343,140 285,102 344,655 155,080,7954,774,757 grand total (US$) 145,393,000 9,343,140 344,655 155,080,795 subgrandtotal total (US$) 145,393,0004,145,000 9,343,140 285,102 344,655 155,080,7954,774,757

grand total (US$) 145,393,000 9,343,140 344,655 155,080,795 united nations relief and works agency for palestine refugees in the near east 8 united nations relief and works agency for palestine refugees in the near east 8 gaza:gaza: ovoverviewerview

November 2019

KEY FACTS ON REFUGEES Refugee distribution

Gaza population1.9 million rafah north gaza 16.3 % 18.3 % Erez

0.6 million refugees reside in 8 camps khan younis 17.1 % Jabalia gaza camp 1.4 million registered refugees 28.2 % Beach middle area camp Where do Palestine 19.9 % refugee refugees live in other 41.5% camps Nahal Oz Gaza? areas 58.5% Karni

Source: UNRWA Quarterly Registration Bulletin- Q3 2019

Nuseirat camp Bureij camp Maghazi Deir El-Balah camp camp FOOD SECURITY

68% of households are food insecure Khan Younis Source: SefSec Survey 2018 camp

UNEMPLOYMENT Rafah camp

45 % unemployment rate in Gaza

Source: PCBS Labour Force Survey Q3 2019 Sufa Rafah

ELECTRICITY SHORTAGE Kerem Shalom open check points 11.9 hours of electricity supply per day (on average) in Gaza in 2019 closed check points

Source: OCHA, OCHA Early Warning Indicators, September 2019

WATER POLLUTION GDP PER CAPITA POVERTY

During the second quarter of 2019, GDP per capita in Poverty among individuals in Gaza increased from Gaza was US$ 343 – a 4.2 per cent decrease as 38.8 % in 2011 to 53.0 % in 2017 compared with the first quarter 2019. 500 53.0 % 400 US$ 358 38.8 % US$ 343 300 The ﬂow of wastewater directly into the Mediterranean Sea averages 158 mg/litres per day as compared to the international standard of 200 60 mg/litres per day. Electricity cuts and the blockade have 100 signiﬁcantly reduced the desalination capacity with negative consequences on access to clearn water and increased health risks. 0 2011 2017 Q1 2019 Q2 2019 Source: OCHA, OCHA Early Warning Indicators, September 2019 Source: PCBS Source: PCBS Levels of Living, 2017 9 2020 oPt emergency appeal gaza: sector-specific interventions

strategic priority 1:

crisis-affected palestine refugee households facing acute shocks have increased economic access to food united nations relief and works agency for palestine refugees in the near east 10

Emergency Food Assistance

Outcome: The severity of refugee food insecurity is tempered. Output Indicator Target

Refugee households 1,000,000 living in poverty meet (498,000 female; Number of refugees receiving emergency food assistance their most basic food 502,000 male) requirements

Access to food in Gaza remains a challenge for a majority (RSSP), will continue to regularly monitor the quality of the of refugees struggling with deteriorating socio-economic food distributed to beneﬁciaries, including through focus conditions. To mitigate food insecurity, UNRWA will provide group sessions and regular communication with beneﬁciaries. emergency assistance to around 1,000,000 Palestine refugees Eligibility for emergency food assistance is determined (approximately 200,000 families) who lack the financial through a poverty assessment survey (PAS) conducted by means to cover their basic food needs, including around Agency social workers during family home visits. This system 40,000 persons with disabilities and 17,000 female-headed captures essential household characteristics such as age, households. Within this caseload, UNRWA will assist around gender, housing conditions, household composition, health 620,000 abject poor refugees living on less than US$ 1.74 per and education characteristics, attachment to the labour force, person per day, and around 380,000 absolute poor refugees and asset ownership. UNRWA targeting also pays attention to living below the US$ 3.87 poverty line. Eligible refugee vulnerable groups that may not be able to access emergency families will receive a food basket every quarter which food assistance through regular channels, such as wives in includes a range of basic food commodities.29 Quantities polygamous marriages, divorced, separated, or abandoned of each item are determined by the poverty status category women. and household size. Rations will be distributed through ten In 2020, in light of the increased caseload and constrained UNRWA distribution centres across the Gaza Strip. In 2020, funding environment, UNRWA will review its methodology for logistic and programme staff will continue to be needed to assessment, eligibility for and monitoring of food assistance. ensure an effective and timely distribution to all refugees in Possible modifications to this intervention will be explored as need. appropriate to better respond to the increased demand and The UNRWA Monitoring and Evaluation team, in close ensure that most vulnerable Palestine refugees continue to coordination with the Relief and Social Services Programme receive the necessary support to meet their vital needs.

Emergency Cash-for-Work

Outcome: The severity of refugee food insecurity is tempered. Output Indicator Target Number of workdays generated 2,150,000 Palestine refugees earn wages to Number of full-time equivalents created 7,500 cover their basic food needs Number of refugees benefiting from short-term CfW 21,000 Total value provided to CfW beneficiaries US$ 26,000,000

Through its CfW programme, UNRWA will support refugees benefit indirectly. coping with exceptionally high unemployment and The short-term job opportunities will include unskilled, poverty levels in Gaza, and will mitigate food insecurity skilled, and professional positions, with a majority being through offering short-term employment opportunities unskilled positions. Priority will be given to applicants from to approximately 21,000 food-insecure Palestine refugees. households that have been assessed as abject poor. Other These will equal more than 2,150,000 workdays and will inject criteria such as applicants’ skills and qualifications, location, over US$ 26 million into refugee households, generating age and gender will also be taken into consideration. Only 7,500 full-time job equivalents (FTEs), contributing to the one member of a given household is eligible for cash for mitigation of poverty through a temporary reduction in work contract at a time. UNRWA aims to provide 40 per unemployment. An estimated 101,000 dependents will cent of skilled and professional job opportunities to women, 11 2020 oPt emergency appeal

and about 40 per cent of all CfW opportunities to youth Under the 2020 EA, UNRWA is seeking increased financial (18 to 29 years old). In order to ensure that the benefits support to CfW interventions as compared with the 2019 of this intervention are spread widely across the refugee EA, given the deteriorating socio-economic conditions that community, contracts for unskilled positions are offered for continue to have a negative impact on the life of Palestine a period of three to four months and contracts for skilled refugees in Gaza. In 2019, UNRWA recorded a three-fold positions are offered for a period of up to nine months. increase in the number of new applications for short-term CfW positions will be located in a number of locations employment, reflecting exceptionally high unemployment throughout Gaza, including UNRWA installations, partner rates and confirming the high demand for temporary job community-based organisations (CBOs), non-governmental opportunities. Currently, the average waiting time for a organisations (NGOs), and other service providers. UNRWA family on the CfW waiting list is over four years. CfW monitoring team, in coordination with field programmes and departments, will ensure appropriate placement of refugees and will monitor work attendance and performance.

Emergency Health

Outcome: Crisis-affected refugees enjoy their right to health. Output Indicator Target Crisis-affected refugees have access Number of poor refugees receiving secondary or tertiary 7,200 to secondary and tertiary health care healthcare Number of patients provided with life-saving medicines 4,500 Crisis-affected refugees have access Number of emergency surge staff hired to cope with to primary health care 45 increasing demand in UNRWA health centres Vulnerable refugee students receive Percentage of identified students provided with necessary 100% medical support assistive devices and tools based on screenings

The high number of casualties in the context of the “Great respond to patients presenting emergency short- term medical March of Return” demonstrations has increased the burden needs. The Agency will provide life-saving medicines to 4,500 on an already struggling public health sector in Gaza, with a cases requiring urgent medical attention and emergency surge negative impact on its ability to deliver essential health care staff will continue to address health needs, including those services. Currently, the average waiting time for elective surgery resulting from the GMR demonstrations, through injury/post- is approximately 12 months. Moreover, Palestine refugees operative care, physiotherapy and psychosocial support. requiring hospital treatment find it increasingly difficult to It is expected that school health team screenings will assess cover the cost of secondary and/or tertiary healthcare as a around 97,000 students (46,000 girls and 51,000 boys) to identify consequence of the prevailing socio-economic conditions students with special learning support needs. The Agency will in Gaza. In order to alleviate the burden on the public health provide students in need with medical treatment and assistive services and to ensure refugees’ access to secondary and devices, such as hearing aids, eye glasses and counselling as tertiary healthcare, UNRWA will continue to offer subsidies to required. 7,200 patients in support of such care at non-Agency facilities. Funding under the 2020 EA will ensure that the 22 UNRWA health centres in the Gaza Strip are adequately supplied and staffed to 16 gaza’s “great march of return”, one year on

A group of young refugees who injured in the GMR receiving physiotherapy services at the UNRWA clinic in Jabalia camp. © 2019 UNRWA Photo by Hussein Jaber conclusion In the twelve months of GMR demonstrations, more The GMR is symptomatic of the rising level of frustration Palestinians have been injured than during the 2014 Gaza and despair among Palestinians living in the Gaza Strip who hostilities, more Palestinians have been killed than during have endured 12 years of blockade, more than 50 years of the 2012 Gaza hostilities , and responding to the violence occupation and, for Palestine refugees, 70 years of a lack of has brought an already strained health system to the brink a just and lasting solution to their plight. There is no one of collapse. UNRWA has witnessed first-hand the profound in Gaza untouched by these effects which have restricted impact on the lives of Palestine refugees (including children) the movement of people and goods, devastated the Gaza who make up the majority of Palestinians in Gaza, as well as economy, and resulted in record high unemployment and the immense pressure it has placed on the Agency’s services.xi rising dependency on food aid. Use of force in response to GMR demonstrations in the past twelve months and the resulting Serious concerns have been raised about the excessive use of physical and psychological consequences, have compounded force deployed by the ISF in circumstances where individuals xii an already severe situation for those in Gaza. are unarmed and pose no imminent or serious threat. The consequences are seen both in the shockingly high number of While UNRWA will continue to provide services in Gaza in casualties and in the very personal accounts of lives changed accordance with its mandate, it is clear the situation is not forever. It should be noted that the use of live ammunition sustainable. Political solutions, including a just and lasting pre-dates the GMR in Gaza and affects also the West Bank solution to the plight of Palestine refugees, are urgently where the ISF have increasingly used live ammunition needed. against Palestinians in recent years in response to protests and demonstrations, and during operations including in and xiii around refugee camps. UNRWA reiterates its long-standing call for accountability for violations of international law, including with regard to the excessive use of force. Failure to bring such accountability, risks a cycle of impunity that will place further lives at risk across the entire occupied Palestinian territory. united nations relief and works agency for palestine refugees in the near east 14

Education in Emergencies

Outcome: The effects of the blockade, poverty and violence are countered through a supportive learning environment where refugee students can realize their potential. Output Indicator Target The quality of teaching and 70,000 Number of UNRWA students who have attended at least one learning is sustained, including (36,500 male; UNRWA catch-up class during crisis 33,500 female) 282,000 Barriers to access learning are Number of students provided with at least one item of material (136,500 female; reduced support to enable them to access education at UNRWA schools 145,500 male)

The deteriorating socio-economic situation, electricity minimum academic standards in Arabic and mathematics. shortages, recurrent hostilities and the blockade continue Support teachers will check students’ work, monitor students to have a deleterious impact on the learning environment with additional learning support, communicate with parents for Palestine refugee children in Gaza. In these challenging and school management, encourage and motivate students, circumstances, UNRWA will continue to ensure that Palestine follow up students’ homework and assignments and liaise with refugee children and youth have access to inclusive, equitable, regular teachers on catch-up plans. quality and safe education in line with its Agency-wide EiE In light of deepening poverty, many parents struggle to approach. contribute what is needed to support the learning and well- During the 2019/20 school year, 282,360 students (145,867 being of their children in school. In response, and to safeguard boys and 136,493 girls) enrolled in 276 UNRWA schools in children’s right to education, UNRWA will provide 282,000 Gaza, of which 70 per cent operate on a double-shift basis. students with the necessary basic stationery and other back-to- As part of its EiE interventions, in 2020, UNRWA will recruit school materials. and train 600 support teachers to provide learning support to 70,000 students in grades 3 and 4 who are struggling to meet

Mental Health and Psychosocial Support

Outcome: The psychosocial well-being of Palestine refugees is enhanced Output Indicator Target Number of students receiving individual counselling 14,000 (6,900 female; UNRWA students and parents 7,100 male) receive psychosocial support at Number of students receiving group interventions 12,000 UNRWA schools (5,900 female; 6,100 male) Number of public awareness sessions for parents held 1,600 Number of adults receiving individual counselling 6,300 (4,700 female; 1,600 male) Families and communities receive Number of adults receiving group interventions 2,000 psychosocial support at UNRWA (1,500 female; health centres 500 male) Number of psychoeducation or awareness sessions for adults 1,000 held

The protracted humanitarian crisis, coupled with the impact of counselling in schools, in line with the Agency’s inclusive the violence related to the GMR demonstrations and recurrent education approach to the provision of psychosocial support. hostilities, continue to have a significant and deleterious impact The Agency will also organize structured parent awareness on the well-being of Palestine refugees in Gaza. The World sessions to promote positive parenting and positive family lives Health Organization (WHO) estimates that approximately to increase coping capacity and resilience of adults. 210,000 people in the Gaza Strip (or over 10 per cent of the population) suffer from severe or moderate mental health Through health counsellors in 22 UNRWA health centres, critical problems and about 54 per cent of Palestinian boys and 47 support will be provided to patients who present mental health per cent of Palestinian girls aged six to 12 years reportedly needs requiring focused and structured counselling. Counsellors have emotional and/or behavioural disorders.30 In this context, deal primarily with women (80 per cent of all cases), including maintaining the UNRWA MHPSS network in schools and health those experiencing domestic and gender-based violence (32 centres at full-time capacity will remain a top priority for the per cent of all cases) and play an important role in addressing Agency in 2020. cases of GBV in coordination with UNRWA legal counsellors. The Agency will ensure that school counsellors are deployed Psychosocial support at UNRWA health centres is based on a to all 276 UNRWA schools across the Gaza Strip to identify and comprehensive, structured and person-centred model of care, support students who are experiencing psychosocial problems and includes psychosocial education sessions, focused support and protection threats through individual and targeted group through group counselling, as well as individual counselling. united nations relief and works agency for palestine refugees in the near east 16

Protection

Outcome: Protection of Palestine refugees’ human rights is enhanced. Output Indicator Target Number of protection cases receiving individual case 1,000 The protection needs (GBV, child management support protection and needs arising from Percentage of protection cases (including GBV) provided with 100% the GMR) of the most vulnerable targeted cash assistance Palestine refugees are responded Number of briefings on the protection context, including to protection concerns related to the GMR, provided to members 25 of the international community Number of staff members trained on protection, safe 300 identification and referral, and case management Vulnerable Palestine refugee Number of children with disabilities receiving protective and 1,000 children and women are specialized educative support provided with special protection Number of GBV survivors receiving legal advice and social 5,000 interventions through CBOs interventions

Poverty, the consequences of recurrent hostilities, displacement, To mitigate and respond to the mounting protection risks political instability, weak protection systems, sub-standard and impacts, UNRWA will maintain its protection capacity and housing and overcrowding continue to increase protection processes within programmes and services and will strengthen vulnerabilities in Gaza, especially for women, children and inter-programme coordination and cooperation and referral persons with disabilities. The GMR demonstrations and the systems. Particular attention will be placed on responding to response thereto, including the excessive use of force contrary GBV and on promoting child protection, including addressing to applicable standards under international law, have also had issues related to child labour, child marriage, reintegrating a significant impact in terms of the protection risks of Palestine children who dropped out back into the classroom, assisting refugees. children with disabilities and respond to needs related to the 17 2020 oPt emergency appeal

impact of the GMR demonstrations on children. including the provision of cash subsidies, beneficiary vouchers, capacity-building advice and assistance to local organizations, The training of front-line staff will continue across all UNRWA initiatives supporting greater inclusion in current UNRWA programmes, focusing on protection principles, referral programming, and/or deployment of temporary staff through systems, and GBV in emergency situations. UNRWA will also UNRWA CfW Programme. raise awareness about the protracted humanitarian crisis in Gaza and in particular the impact of the GMR on the rights In order to assist vulnerable women in need of legal aid of Palestine refugees, through active engagement in inter- services, including survivors of GBV, UNRWA will support agency coordination systems. The Agency will brief foreign the provision of legal counselling and legal representation, delegations visiting Gaza on the humanitarian and protection as well as other social interventions to approximately 5,000 environment and will advocate for efforts to ensure greater Palestine refugee women in partnership with community- respect for Palestine refugee rights. based Women Programme Centres (WPCs). In addition, WPCs will be supported to raise awareness and involve Palestine In 2020, UNRWA will support special protection interventions, refugee communities in the protection of women against including through selected Community-Based Organizations GBV, to enhance both response and prevention. Support by (CBOs) and other non-governmental organizations (NGOs), UNRWA will be provided through cash subsidies or grants to for approximately 1,000 refugee children with disabilities. selected WPCs and experts and/or deployment of temporary UNRWA is currently reviewing its support modalities to CBOs, professional staff through the UNRWA CfW programme. united nations relief and works agency for palestine refugees in the near east 18 west bank: overview

UNRWA West Bank – Humanitarian Needs and Response – 2020 November 2019

The impact of the Israeli military occupation of the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, continues to be felt on a daily basis by Palestine refugees: PROTECTION CONCERNS as of 30 September 2019 continuous Israeli Security Force (ISF) operations throughout the West Bank, including in and around camps, exposing Palestine refugees and non-refugees Jenin Over 1,290 Israeli security operations across the West Bank, of alike to the risk of injury and death, and an increasingly coercive environment which 166 occurred in and around refugees camps. for those living in Area C and East Jerusalem, with restrictions imposed by the Government of Israel on access to land and property. 66% of confrontations in camps used tear gas, 31% of all injuries in camps are attributed to live ammunition

West Bank Facts and Figures Tulkarm Nur Shams Far'a Risk of forcible Displacement 853,818 registered refugees in the West Bank (Khan Al-Ahmar Abu al Helu) as of 30 September 2019 Camp No.1 Askar The community is considered to be one of the most vulnerable due to the high Camps Balata risk of displacement, especially after the latest court decision approving the 30% demolition and transfer of the community. Where do Palestine refugees live in West Bank? Other areas 60% 10% 188 Bedouin individuals (53% of which are children) are at risk of Area C displacement 95% of community residents are registered refugees 28.5% 49.6% 19% registered Females Youth More than 60% Individuals in Bedouin communities are food refugees 15 - 24 Years insecure, which increases their vulnerabilities Deir 'Ammar Jalazone FOOD SECURITY RESPONSE UNDER THE EA 2020 Am'ari Ein el-Sultan Kalandia PROTECTION 65,610 refugee individuals in the West Bank are living Aqbat Jaber on less than $1.79/day US$ 2.77 million

East Shu'fat UNRWA Protection Department: Three unique and central protection roles for Palestine Jerusalem refugees in the oPt: 16% of refugees living in the West Bank are below 1 Monitoring and documenting protection violations affecting Palestine refugees. the poverty line Aida 2 Regular engagement with duty bearers and others to prevent and reinforce accountability Beit Jibrin for alleged violations of international law: Dheisheh 20% refugee unemployment rate inside camps efugee am a. Conducting civil-military engagement with relevant stakeholders (average 3 eouns times/week); ommunty Arroub b. Direct protection advocacy Checkpoints HEALTH UN accessibility 3 Providing emergency cash assistance and case management to Palestine refugees affected aae by forced displacement , military operations and settler violence. oance ase artha rench ommerca ther oa gate estrcte FOOD SECURITY hecont naaae More than 40 refugee Fawwar rmstce ne 705 reen ne US$ 4.05 million US$ 2.23 million communities face challenges in oa arrer Closures West Bank Barrier in West Bank 3,573 abject poor refugee households onstructe, ner accessing health services arthmoun 37,000 food insecure arta onstructon 25,330 refugee individuals inside and individuals from Bedouin communities checont roecte outside camps provided with emergency oa oc rea , are provided with emergency food cash assistance (E-Card) rea assistance through the joint programme 19 2020 oPt emergency appeal west bank: sector-specific interventions

strategic priority 1:

crisis-affected palestine refugee households facing acute shocks have increased economic access to food united nations relief and works agency for palestine refugees in the near east 20

Emergency Food Assistance

Outcome: The severity of refugee food insecurity is tempered. Output Indicator Target Food insecure refugee households are Number of individuals benefiting from joint WFP-UNRWA provided with the means and knowledge to food distributions for vulnerable Bedouin and herder 37,000 meet their most basic food requirements communities in Area C

Under the 2020 EA, food insecure Bedouin and herder people of their homes and disrupt their livelihoods, leading to communities in Area C will be provided with in-kind food entrenched poverty and increased aid dependency. Over the assistance through an existing cooperative arrangement years, beneficiaries have repeatedly stressed the importance of between UNRWA and WFP. In this regard, 37,000 individuals the food assistance programme and its considerable positive from the Bedouin and herder communities will receive food impact on their daily lives. parcels on a quarterly basis, with food items procured by WFP Due to the high vulnerability of this community and their and distributed by UNRWA. These communities are amongst dependency on UNRWA and WFP to meet their food security the most vulnerable populations in the West Bank with food needs, the Agency will continue to prioritize this life-saving insecurity levels exceeding 60 per cent for Bedouin refugees, intervention under its 2020 EA. UNRWA will work closely with in comparison with 16 per cent for Palestine refugees overall in WFP to better assess the needs of the Bedouin and herder the West Bank. Their vulnerability is severely aggravated by the communities and provide support to households affected by threat of demolitions and forcible displacement, which deprive protection threats and forcible displacement.

Emergency Cash Assistance

Outcome: The severity of refugee food insecurity is tempered. Output Indicator Target Number of abject poor refugee households in the West Bank (in rural, urban areas and in the 19 camps) receiving cash assistance through the 3,573 Abject poor refugees e-card modality receive emergency cash Number of abject poor refugee individuals in the West Bank (in rural, 25,330 assistance to cover their urban areas and in the 19 camps) receiving cash assistance through the (12,344 female, basic needs e-card modality 12,986 male) Total value disbursed as cash to abject poor refugee households US$ 3,546,200

In 2020, UNRWA will seek to provide unconditional and as household composition (e.g. the number of elderly and non-restricted cash assistance through its e-card modality persons with disabilities, and female-headed households). to 3,573 abject poor refugee households (around 25,330 Each household identified receives 125 New Israeli Shekels individuals, 12,344 female and 12,986 male) in the West (ILS) (approx. US$ 35) per person per quarter. Since the Bank inside and outside its 19 refugee camps. This modality introduction of the e-card modality in 2016, UNRWA has provides cash to vulnerable refugees who live on less than improved the efficiency of the programme and has developed two dollars a day, through bank debit cards in partnership specific tools to monitor its implementation. According to with the Bank of Palestine. the information collected through the Agency’s quarterly post-monitoring reports, emergency cash assistance has Beneficiaries are targeted following assessments by UNRWA contributed to alleviating food insecurity amongst vulnerable social workers. The poverty level of the households is assessed households and has assisted in mitigating vulnerabilities. using a Proxy Means Test Formula (PMTF). In addition to Feedback from beneficiaries has indicated that the new consumption levels, this formula takes into consideration e-card modality provides for more freedom of choice and a other aspects of vulnerability, such as the presence of protection of their dignity. chronic diseases, housing characteristics, education and health characteristics, attachment to the labour force, as well 21 2020 oPt emergency appeal

Protection

Outcome: Refugees receive enhanced protection from the immediate and most serious effects of occupation-related policies, practices and hostilities, respect for IHL and IHRL is promoted, and abuses are mitigated. Output Indicator Target Percentage of external stakeholders who report awareness raised Systematic follow up to alleged and intention to take action, or who take a concrete action as a result 40% violations of IHL and other of UNRWA advocacy interventions applicable standards Percentage of documented incidents for which UNRWA obtains 65% informed consent that are presented to the relevant authorities International delegations are Number of protection (advocacy) interventions, including formal better informed to advocate on letters, concerning protection issues undertaken by UNRWA 80 the protracted crisis affecting targeting external actors and duty bearers refugees Percentage of vulnerable refugee households impacted by The risk of forced displacement protection threats who re-establish the physical safety and security 50% of vulnerable communities of their residence after receiving emergency cash assistance is reduced and their coping Percentage of refugee households affected by demolitions/ capacities are increased evictions who re-establish stable accommodation at the cessation of 50% interventions 31

Through its protection programme, UNRWA aims to ensure ely advocate for their rights and (ii) catalyse other actors that protection threats affecting Palestine refugees in the West towards actions that advance the protection of refugees, Bank are prevented and mitigated in accordance with the through the development of targeted and strategic analysis Agency’s mandate, including through advocacy, assistance and reporting. In parallel, the Agency will intervene with and access to services. The Agency will engage with duty- relevant authorities to promote compliance with applicable bearers to promote compliance with applicable standards standards. under IHRL and IHL and to engender practices amongst duty In response to forced displacement due to home demolitions, bearers that prevent the exposure of Palestine refugees to evictions and damage caused to private property during law protection threats such as the risk of injury, disability and enforcement/military operations and incidents involving death as a result of use of force (including the use of live Israeli settlers, UNRWA will provide emergency support to ammunition), displacement and/or forcible transfer, settler affected refugee families through the Crisis Intervention violence, restrictions on freedom of movement and access to Model, whereby: (i) cash assistance will be provided to humanitarian assistance. Advocacy efforts will include field support temporary housing for the displaced or as a means to visits and briefings for diplomats and other members of the rebuild damaged private property to avoid the use of negative international community to mobilise action on protection coping mechanisms; and/or (ii) based on needs assessments issues affecting Palestine refugees, as well as engagement conducted by protection social workers, referrals will be in international protection advocacy and with international issued so that affected refugees can access internal/external human rights system mechanisms. Further, UNRWA will work specialized services, including health care, psychosocial and to: (i) reinforce the capacity of refugee communities to effectiv- legal support.

A home demolition in Jerusalem which resulted in the displacement of six refugees. UNRWA provided emergency cash assistance for rental costs and to replace personal belongings lost in the incident. © 2019 UNRWA photo by Firas Shedadeh united nations relief and works agency for palestine refugees in the near east 23 gaza, west bank and headquarters

Coordination and Management and Safety and Security

Outcome/Output Indicator Baseline Target Draft mid-year Emergency Appeal Progress report issued within 120 days of the end of the reporting 120 days 120 days The response, as funded, is period effectively implemented and Draft annual Emergency Appeal Report issued within 120 days 120 days managed 120 days of the end of the reporting period Emergency Appeal implementation is reviewed 2 reviews 2 reviews through mid-year and annual results reviews

UNRWA requires additional capacity to reinforce the planning, UN Agencies and NGOs. management, monitoring and evaluation of emergency At the headquarters (HQ) level, the Department of Planning is interventions, ensure the safety and security of staff and responsible for the planning and coordination of emergency refugees and safeguard the neutrality of its facilities. This is response activities. Under the 2020 EA, a senior emergency vital for the efficient and effective delivery of services and officer will oversee planning, monitoring and reporting to maintain and further develop capacity to respond to activities.32 Reporting will be managed through an online rapid-onset emergencies. To improve the safety of UNRWA results-based monitoring (RBM) system that allows the Agency personnel, the Agency requires continued and strengthened to track actual results against planned priorities on a quarterly capacity to: (i) support the management and training efforts basis, facilitating regular consolidated reporting. UNRWA will of the Department of Security and Risk Management and also maintain other HQ functions in support of emergency the respective Field Security and Risk Management Offices operations, such as data analysis for emergency programmes and (ii) deploy an appropriate guard force to address implemented by the Agency’s Department of Relief and Social security and other risks. Resources are also needed to ensure Services, and engagement with international human rights effective coordination with other humanitarian organisations, mechanisms and other legal support led by the Department bilaterally and through established multi-agency structures, of Legal Affairs. including the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT), the clusters,

Emergency Preparedness

Outcome: Reduced losses in lives and in the social, economic and environmental assets of refugee communities Output Indicator Target Number of staff trained on emergency preparedness and 1,026 (Gaza) response The Agency has adequate Number of staff trained on early recovery 342 (Gaza) response capacity to address Number of refugee households covered by available emergency 100 refugee protracted crises and sudden- stocks households onset emergencies (West Bank) Number of staff trained in emergency preparedness and 75 response (area level) (West Bank)

UNRWA will strengthen its emergency preparedness and ed ‘dual-use’ that support the operation of the emergency risk management capabilities in Gaza and the West Bank programme.33 through a continued focus on warehouse stockpiling, staff In the West Bank, UNRWA will continue to strengthen its training, engagement in inter-agency preparedness and emergency preparedness and response (EPR) capacity, planning activities, and the refinement and testing of internal building on achievements over the last few years around mechanisms and protocols. This will include the development emergency preparedness and contingency plans and in and maintenance of functional rosters to ensure effective and close coordination with other UN agencies and government timely responses; strengthening preparedness in the areas authorities. UNRWA in the West Bank will make sure that of emergency WASH, food and non-food items (NFIs); and effective plans are in place to guarantee business continuity continuous coordination with the Israeli authorities for the and to respond to increased humanitarian needs in the event importation of necessary materials, including those consider- an emergency, due to a natural disasters or a political event. united nations relief and works agency for palestine refugees in the near east 25

In 2020, based on lessons learned from a simulation exercise ly winter storms), the West Bank will provide NFIs as required conducted in 2019 involving WBFO and UNRWA HQ, the to affected vulnerable households. Finally, the field will also Agency will aim to further strengthen its emergency structure focus on risk mitigation, through maintenance and small and coordination mechanisms, as well as to conduct simulation upgrades of camp infrastructure, especially in relation to exercises at area level to strengthen the preparedness of the sewerage networks and storm water channels. area offices. In response to small scale natural disasters(most-

Neutrality: West Bank

Output Indicator Target Percentage of installations monitored bi-annually 100% Percentage of new staff members receiving training on the use of Installation inspections and 100% social media (on-line training) sensitization training and Number of neutrality/sensitization training sessions for new staff management reviews are carried 4 members joining the Agency out to safeguard neutrality Percentage of recorded issues that are incompatible with the 100% Agency’s neutrality framework with an initial follow up

Safeguarding neutrality remains critical for the continued and followed up by senior management. operational effectiveness and safety of staff, beneficiaries and Staff understanding of neutrality, particularly Senior Area UNRWA facilities. In accordance with the Agency’s regulatory Staff and Installation Managers, will also be strengthened by framework and standard operating procedures, neutrality in providing technical advice (including in response to issues Agency installations will be monitored twice a year by senior and breaches) and training of new staff on neutrality and the field staff, who will also follow up on breaches documented. appropriate use of social media. Issues that are incompatible with the Agency’s neutrality framework that represent a specific concern will be tracked 26 2020 oPt emergency appeal

Neutrality: Gaza

Output Indicator Target Percentage of installations monitored biannually 100% Installation inspections are carried Percentage of recorded issues that are incompatible with the out to safeguard neutrality 100% Agency’s neutrality framework with an initial follow up

In 2020, safeguarding neutrality will remain critical for the rdance with the Agency’s regulatory framework and standard continued operational effectiveness and safety of staff, operating procedures and the UN Humanitarian Principles. beneficiaries and UNRWA facilities in Gaza. Given the political Neutrality in Agency installations will be monitored twice a context and challenges arising from the situation in Gaza, this year by field staff. All neutrality issues will be documented and can involve sensitive issues and provoke strong community followed up. Issues that are incompatible with the Agency’s reactions requiring continual monitoring, engagement and, neutrality framework that represent a specific concern will be where necessary, robust engagement at an installation level. tracked and followed up by senior management. The Agency remains committed to ensuring neutrality in acco- 27 2020 oPt emergency appeal Monitoring Close monitoring of the political Close monitoring analysis, trends environment, and early incidents protection of factors can trigger that identification an escalation Regular use of the Security Information (SIMS), including Management System of ongoing collection and coordination the UN Securitysecurity through data and UN Security Team Management Cell Daily media reviews with the DepartmentEngagement of External Relations and track to (ERCD) Communications income/pledges diversify with ERCD to Engagement the EA to donors and donor income Monitoring of service and interruptions satisfaction and reactionsrefugee • • • • • • Mitigation / Coping Mechanisms / Coping Mitigation Gaza Field Office and the West Bank Field Officeemergency West Bank strengthen their to continue (WBFO) Office and the Gaza Field A thoroughly systems. of relevant and improvement the review capacity through response and rapid WBFO integrated GFO and will strengthen SOPs manual and related emergency response reviewed during the emergency phase. and coordination management thereby, capacities during emergencies, and administrative logistical existing can access UNRWA capacity a surge mechanism during a crisis. providing emergency supply lists, such as updated in place, steps minimum-preparedness WBFO have GFO and roster. emergency staff Agency’s the staff lists and the abilitycritical/essential to utilize (UNCT)/UnitedTeam Department Nations of Country Nations with United coordinates UNRWA WBFO Both GFO and and efficiency. Security maximum coverage ensure (UNDSS) to and Safety workshops. actively participate and emergency in inter-agency simulations preparedness/response Department of Security UNRWA closely and and RiskThe with UNDSS to Management works pre-emptive possible, where the political and security allow, monitor to situation continuously escalations. planning for Security staff supportfor incoming risk, reduce to the briefings conduct both that and behaviour the Agency. individual and to are against children SEA and violence issues such as GBV, addressing Cross-cutting initiatives plans and processes emergency response into mainstreamed and advocacy mobilization resource effective More Regularto donors briefings outreach/communication Community rationalization Resource Contingency planning • • • • • • • • • • • • Consequences Increased humanitarian needs and vulnerabilities refugees among Palestine Increase in protection including GBV, issues, against SEA and violence of IHL/ violations children, injuries and IHRL, fatalities, law people detained due to or operations enforcement armed conflict restrictions in the Tightened goods of people, movement and services in and out of the Gaza Strip and access Bank West restrictions in the including East Jerusalem Service delivery refugees to and/or serviceinterrupted most to is not delivered beneficiaries vulnerable Not meeting expected reduction in due to results donor assistance impact on public Negative of UNRWA perceptions staff/service to Threats delivery • • • • • • • • • • • • Event Escalated conflict in Escalated Gaza Bank (local and West and the leading in origin) regional humanitarian increased to vulnerability and possible UNRWA to interruptions services/assistance. in IHL and increase Escalation affectingand IHRL violations and refugee refugees Palestine of as incidents as well camps, against SEA and violence GBV, children. Government Inability of the PA civil salaries to provide to servants, with subsequent security and service delivery implications. to funding level Inadequate meet rising needs talks, suspension of peace The lead donors could if sustained, their long-term reconsider to commitment Hazards • • • Strategic • • annex i: risk register annex united nations relief and works agency for palestine refugees in the near east 28 Monitoring Monitoring/documenting of key issues Monitoring/documenting the union and of messaging to donors on key to Updates Agency affecting developments operations of business continuity review Periodic plans Regular and interaction with the communication and Executive Commissioner-General Office. through Regular updates Office with Field communication management of staff and review monitoring Periodic survey results WBFO Monthly meetings in GFO and Unit, Finance EA Office, with Projects and DeputyDirector to Directors challenges and consider view trends, solutions identify Quarterly monitoring results-based of the (RBM) of the effectiveness of EA programmes implementation and timely corrections undertaken budget and plan is from if deviation detected periodic In with ERCD, consultation with the donor communication of funding community on the status and critical needs • • • • • • • • • • Mitigation / Coping Mechanisms / Coping Mitigation UNRWA HQ and field office management have regular meetings with the Area Staff Unions to discuss Staff Unions Area regular meetings with the have management HQ and field office UNRWA concern. specific issues of staff locations remote to relocating are capable of In case of industrial action, both offices within 48 hours, with necessary support. to ensure with stakeholders (staff and institutional partners)Regular updates provided are requirements. and structural reorganization understanding of reforms supervisors, between consultations supervisees representatives, Through and Human Resources staff dialogue is promoted. constructive for tool WBFO staff as a for GFO and and use of staff portal to and social media platforms Access with staff communication effective AVAC. SEA and of GBV, in the prevention programming Ensuring effective particularlyMaintain up-to-date practices, management of a the implementation resource system. Planning Resource Enterprise comprehensive and guidelines procedures and financial policies, in procurement and periodic training Conduct regular processes. and procurement expenditure in staff involved for and financial risks. and correct operational identify to and audited monitored are systems UNRWA on the necessity of and elaborate ERCD to with donors by and ad-hoc engagement bilateral Continued financial support.continued with benefits associated • • • • • • • • • • Consequences Industrial action resulting of servicein interruption delivery Misuse and of materials assets their Donors reduce contributions viability of projects/ Financial compromised programmes Dissatisfaction among UNRWA towards beneficiaries perception negative due to and operations of UNRWA cuts potential • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Event Employee dissatisfaction Employee of perceived as a result (or actual) emergency as well cutbacks, programme as dissatisfaction towards conditions employment about service quality Protests the Reputational risk to Agency if duty bearers be ensuring not seen to with UNRWA compliance in regulatory framework of SEA prohibition to regards and violence risksFiduciary in operational implementation Reputational risk impacts donor support UNRWA to Operational • • • Financial • • 29 2020 oPt emergency appeal Monitoring Tracking and analysis of neutrality and analysis Tracking installations in UNRWA violations of staff members record updated An on humanitarian principles, trained is kept. including neutrality, and follow-up Media analysis Regular donor contact surveysResults of internal and sources non-UNRWA from evaluations as partrecorded expectations Staff of design appeal programme SIMS reporting and on incidents complaints and follow incidents Neutrality-related tracked. up are on case investigations DIOS data • • • • • • • • • Mitigation / Coping Mechanisms / Coping Mitigation Controls are in place to protect against the misuse of UNRWA assets for criminal, political or military criminal, assets for against the misuse of UNRWA protect to in place are Controls protects In addition, the car log system for. and accounted activity is present all equipment ensure to against theft/misuse of Agency vehicles. workshops on neutrality/ and annual/biannual presentations communications, through outreach Staff access/protection. on UN privileges and includes training staff that newly-hired for inductions provided are Proper including neutrality. immunities and the UN humanitarian principles, identified are breaches and where investigated are neutrality breaches concerning Allegations Regulatorydisciplinary Framework. action with the Agency’s is undertaken in accordance incursions), GFO and parties third by installation (e.g. In in an UNRWA the case of a neutrality breach interlocutors. relevant in writing to protested Incidents are in place. reporting procedures WBFO have with other UN agencies. sometimes jointly Interventions conducted with key interlocutors, are meetings with include regular plans that communication and implements Agency updates The Palestinian Camp Service and the Committees Staff Unions, Area WBFO GFO and beneficiaries, Authority (PA). stronger through is improved Transparency addressed. and stakeholder concerns is sought Feedback engagement. community-level has improved This net programme. the social safety to mechanism related a feedback WBFO operates It which to also limits the extent camp level. especially at frustration, transparency and has reduced regarding complaints to/deal with exposed are staff camp servicefront-line and other officers emergency assistance. programmes, for other beneficiaries has been identified toward a lack in accountability However, to make feedback mechanism, its working WBFO is to improve beneficiary to contributing frustration. in place. are procedures and systematic trusted that sure Unit conducts beneficiary independent GFO Monitoring and Evaluation The satisfaction surveys that and improves groups among target of discontent of areas awareness management both increase and targeting. effectiveness explaining their service contact with beneficiaries, rights, regular access WBFO maintains GFO and The cuts implemented. any for as the reasons as well poverty-targeting to identify refine its mechanism Office to enables the Field PAS GFO-reformed The rapid, is more new povertyThe system assessment families. and most marginalized poorest Gaza’s appeal mechanism. and fair includes a robust accurate their that in order to senior management fed back beneficiaries is collected from Information managed. expectations can be positively issues and on broad programmes DUA/CG/ through channel is utilized YouTube UNRWA The refugees. questions from broader answering ensure to stream with communities/outreach communication has dedicated GFO communications refugees. dialogue with of flow two-way better with the Security Officer coordination through security is ensured and monitoring management Field and links with UNDSS. provides that (CwC) Communities with Communications efforts outreach through GFO increased of activities, service and rationale rights access on UNRWA information to access greater refugees account and taken into heard are voices while also ensuring refugees’ funds, distribution of available of humanitarian services. the provision to in decision-making related processes Refugee Committees meetings with Palestinian GFO regular • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Consequences Death or injury of refugees services/UNRWA accessing staff financial Donors reduce support as a Reputation of UNRWA actornon-neutral creates mistrust among partners and beneficiaries Incursions in UNRWA general create installations insecurity in the refugee community Unstable/unfavorable community relationships Obstruction of service delivery the beneficiaries for to staff of UNRWA Exposure and compromising threats for and retaliation situations Mistrustreporting. towards among Palestine UNRWA who do not receive refugees the expected support • • • • • • • Event Real or perceived breach breach Real or perceived neutrality as a of UNRWA humanitarian actor Beneficiaryexpectations go a perceived unmet due to (or actual) in decrease humanitarian assistance Lack of trust in reporting systems of harmful cultural Persistence practices Sociopolitical • • • • united nations relief and works agency for palestine refugees in the near east 30 Monitoring Clear external reporting on the impact of access deliverybarriers on programme authorities with the Israeli Regular communication and trends of incidents Analysis events identify to Monitoring the environment restrictions on the in more result could that Gaza of goods between and Israel movement Monitoring of the media and dialogue with local actorseconomic of incidents analysis and ensure Record contacts with key stakeholders, Maintain regular including donors and if required, Depending on the case, publicly communicate with other humanitarian partnersCollaborate and of the political environment in monitoring of factors can triggerearly an that identification escalation Regular use of the Security Information (SIMS), including ongoing Management System of security data collection and coordination Team the UN Securitythrough Management Daily media reviews • • • • • • • • • • • Mitigation/Coping Mechanisms Mitigation/Coping Procurement, coordination and logistics processes are flexible and quickly flexible are adapted processes and logistics coordination Procurement, import in arrival the impact increased of minimize to of delays to barriers in order commodities. and delivery consideration take into processes procurement for Timelines final delivery minimize to and distribution delays. in order delays unforeseen undertakes authorities allow see the Israeli that steps UNRWA necessary, Whenever Gaza. into humanitarian relief unhindered use their communitySupport and donors to the international from is sought into of humanitarian assistance access the unhindered for position in advocating Gaza. that ensure part planning, and business continuity As of preparedness maintained. are items of essential levels stock predetermined to highlighted interventions are humanitarian purposeThe and neutrality of UNRWA stakeholders the Agency’s for channels with stakeholders who advocate Open communication humanitarian mandate and mandate on the UNRWA provided Close observance reminders of and constant of work scope on incidents inform to and installations Reporting all programmes mechanisms from activities on UNRWA representatives government by of interference with all staff review/reminders Briefings and inductions regular with new staff and interventions on the humanitarian purpose of UNRWA the political and security with UNDSS, closely monitor to situation In coordination pre-emptive possible allow contingency planning and where strengthen planning escalations. for (UNCT)/UnitedTeam Nations Country Nations with United coordination Continued and Department of Security maximum coverage ensure (UNDSS) to and Safety efficiency. capacities during and administrative logistical existing can access UNRWA capacity a surge mechanism during a crisis. providing thereby emergencies, • • • • • • • • • • • • • Consequences Implementation of UNRWA projects Implementation of UNRWA ceased or is delayed is significantly and equipment limited due to supplies in the implementation Delays of activities, with possible cancellations and of violence escalation Possible conflict in to increased Gaza due division internal of restrictions tightening Further goods of people, in the movement and services in and out of the Gaza Strip of socioeconomic Deterioration in Gaza among refugees conditions on pressure in increased resulting and humanitarian actors UNRWA • • • • • Event Event Restrictions Israeli imposed by for authorities on access Gaza supplies to UNRWA political Attempted in UNRWA interference activities of the political Worsening West Gazadivide between and Bank Risksto GFO Specific Sociopolitical • • • 31 2020 oPt emergency appeal Monitoring Monthly price monitoring system (collection of system monitoring Monthly price commodities) key food for prices of socio-economic using PCBS indicators Tracking poverty accounts, national on labour force, data as other primary as well and prices, and secondary sources other humanitarian by provided Information actors with GRM engagement tracker, Monthly Shelter stakeholders report installation internal UNRWA other humanitarian by provided Information actors • • • • • • Mitigation/Coping Mechanisms Mitigation/Coping Implementation of intensive reforms designed to improve efficiency in beneficiary improve to designed reforms Implementation of intensive identified. only the abject poor are where or absolute targeting a proxy‐means solely through beneficiaries targeted in Gaza are UNRWA benchmarking best practice. mechanism in line with international the Agency conducts a large‐scale Survey, Assessment the Poverty Through to and respond best capture caseload to assistance its food for process reassessment affect their ability with unexpectedto meet shocks that the needs of families coping basic caloric requirements. of anticipation better ensure processes procurement Strengthened/planned prices. and thus lower requirements vital and life-saving that and planning effortsto ensure Sustained fundraising services be provided to continue repair/reconstruction. for self-help funding effortsto secure Enhanced needs. construction meet shelter to use of contracted Possible construction projects UNRWA’s for with COGAT Close coordination sustainable solutions (e.g. on environmentally and investment Increased focus solar panels) plants, desalination flooding counter such as those to measures, Prevention stakeholders on solutions of local and international and engagement Advocacy the crisis around • • • • • • • • • • • • Consequences Increased needs among Palestine Increased needs among Palestine refugees. Market obliges the Agency volatility of activities the scope or reduce to adjust the number of beneficiaries. the Agency shortfalls force Funding changes in its implement to emergency activities Increased monitoring/ UNRWA for costs implementation stalled over frustration Public recovery/reconstruction irreversible. crisis becomes Water actors international taken by Steps refugees. do not equally benefit use makeshift power Families risk. put them at solutions that • • • • • • • • Event Event Decline in purchasing Decline in purchasing high and persistent power and rates unemployment in local prices rising food markets reduction in Further emergency funding affecting the ability provide to humanitarian assistance the effective Disruption to functioning of the Gaza Reconstruction Mechanism (GRM) of environmental Worsening the energy due to problems crisis Financial • • • Environmental • united nations relief and works agency for palestine refugees in the near east 32 Monitoring Quarterly of each project/programme monitoring RBM system the UNRWA through household and labour market analysis Economic, or other actors UNRWA conducted by active and discussions through trends Following Security SectorWBFO in the Food participation of Security Unit Analysis and Food Internal reporting bi-weekly protection and trends incidents on relevant analysis Quarterly of each project/programme monitoring RBM system the UNRWA through EA reportingReview through mechanisms the UNRWA through monitoring Daily access Radio Room and reporting incidents. Documentation of access the through Monitoring and follow-up and inter- Group Working International Protection UNCT e.g. agency forums, • • • • • • • • • Mitigation/Coping Mechanisms Mitigation/Coping Strategy developed/being implemented to to implemented developed/being Strategy on aid dependence beneficiaries from move more through empowerment economic towards and an emphasis on sustainable programming and self-reliance. livelihoods its update In to 2020 the Agency will continue to field assessments, caseload based on regular emergency that services make sure provided Improved the most vulnerable. to provided are of proxy- capacitytargeting and improvement food-insecure/vulnerable for data means testing are ensuring the most vulnerable households, prioritized. protection Agency international maintains The continuous to ensure and neutrality staff especially in reporting and advocacy, monitoring, diplomacycivil/military and private coordination authorities on the ground. with Israeli provide to crisis intervention unit continues The facing IHL and IHRL refugees to assistance settler of demolitions, as a result violations and militaryviolence operations. Quarterly and Management Reviews UNRWA to in place semi-annual Results are Reviews implementation programme periodically monitor progress. work with staff mainstreaming Protection deliveryto ensure and beneficiaries programmes of services in line with and accountability standards. international authorities on access/ WBFO liaises with the Israeli protection international issues through protection issues In some instances, and neutrality officers. EO with of the UNRWA the level at raised are with other UN times jointly counterparts, at Israeli agencies. activitiesteams implement Specific programme C, including in closed military on a in Area areas, and feedback monitoring basis and ensure regular loops. the Humanitarian Country has adopted UNRWA and is a member of Policy C Framework Area Team task force. the East-Jerusalem level the Field set up at Taskforce East Jerusalem the quality of service strengthen with the aim to together delivery in its schools and health centres, with legal counsel. with close engagement • • • • • • • • • • Consequences Increased food insecurity and povertyIncreased food among refugees Palestine Difficulties in meeting humanitarian needs due funds and decreasing power, less purchasing to numbers in need growing risk of forced threats, Increased protection on humanitarian need and reliance displacement, humanitarian assistance in of refugees and frustration Increased tension Bank, including East Jerusalem in the West the of serviceevent cuts services on the impactLimited of UNRWA and refugees needs of Palestine immediate resilience to contribution limited Disruptions in service / the ability of provision servicesto deliver staff UNRWA C Obstruction structures in Area of donor-funded the lack of building permits due to / major maintenance reconstruction Obstacles to C in East Jerusalem / Area installations of UNRWA the lack of permits due to facilities in East- Restriction UNRWA to of access services in East Jerusalem / suspension of UNRWA Jerusalem • • • • • • • • • Event Event Further economic deterioration in the West West in the deterioration economic Further Bank, including East Jerusalem and decline in high unemployment due to power purchasing in global and local prices and rising food rates markets affecting Increased IHL and IHRL violations especially camps, and refugee refugees Palestine and settler violence demolitions, to related military operations. implementation risksFiduciary in operational to the needs of refugees to respond to Failure and further their conditions build their improve resilience the Israeli of and rules imposed by Practices affect the occupation to authorities related implement effectively to the ability of UNRWA C, including in Area emergency programming in closed military as in areas as well areas blocks. settlement by surrounded in presence UNRWA’s around Increased tensions abilityto operate UNRWA’s affect East-Jerusalem to due affected and dialogue are tensions Political or actual of a perceived perception the negative services reduction in UNRWA Risks Specific to WBFO Risksto Specific Programmatic • • • Strategic • Socio-political • • • 33 2020 oPt emergency appeal Monitoring Mitigation/Coping Mechanisms Mitigation/Coping In 2019, UNRWA conducted a field level simulation simulation conducted a field level In 2019, UNRWA capacity business continuity test in to exercise with area case of an emergency and will continue capacity-building activitieslevel in 2020. West In the plans at 2018-19, business continuity developed/ were Area levels Office and Bank Field plans in with relocation together strengthened, case of an emergency. • • Consequences Event Event Risks Specific to WBFO Risksto Specific Socio-political united nations relief and works agency for palestine refugees in the near east 34 endnotes

1. PCBS, Estimated Population in Palestine Mid-Year by Governorate,1997-2021 2. Of total registered people in Gaza. UNRWA registration statistics Bulletin, Q3 2019 3. Palestine refugees currently receiving UNRWA emergency food assistance, as of June 2019. 4. PCBS, Estimated Population in Palestine Mid-Year by Governorate,1997-2021 5. UNRWA registration statistics Bulletin, Q3 2019 6. As of June 2019. 7. UNRWA registration statistics as of 5.01.2020 PCBS Labour Force Survey Q3 2018. 8. https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-snapshot-casualties-context-demonstrations-and-hostilities-gaza-30- mar-2018-2 9. This includes fatalities and injuries reported as a result of airstrikes, tank shelling, opening of fire in the Access Restricted Areas on land and sea, incidents of attempting to infiltrate into Israel, incursions and land levelling activities. 10. https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/hundreds-wounded-gaza-protesters-risk-limb-amputation- without 11. See UNRWA report “Gaza’s Great march of Return one year on” https://www.unrwa.org/sites/default/files/content/ resources/gaza_gmr_one_year_on_report_eng_final.pdf 12. See UNRWA report “Gaza’s Great March of Return: One Year On” https://www.unrwa.org/sites/default/files/content/ resources/gaza_gmr_one_year_on_report_eng_final.pdf 13. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2019/04/17/world-bank-calls-for-reform-to-the-dual-use-goods- system-to-revive-a-stagnant-palestinian-economy 14. In 2019, PCBS updated the methodology employed for labour statistics based on the Revised ILO Standards ICLS-19th to measure unemployment rate. Unemployment rate in Gaza during Q3 2018 was 54.9 per cent using the previous method (PCBS Q3 2018 report) which equals to 45 per cent using the revised method (PCBS Q3 2019 report). The percentages mentioned in this document are in line with the following PCBS report (http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/portals/_pcbs/ PressRelease/Press_En_7-11-2019-LF-en.pdf) 15. The resulting impact on purchasing power within the economy was partially offset by cash payments to some 94,000 vulnerable families in Gaza and partial payment of salaries by Hamas to nearly 25,500 civil servants through Qatari funds. 16. https://www.ochaopt.org/content/improvements-gaza-electricity-supply 17. https://www.ochaopt.org/sites/default/files/early_warning_indicator_september_2019.pdf 18. As of Q3 2019 19. UNRWA West Bank Monitoring and Evaluation Department (Q3 2019), “Information and Statistics Update”. 20. UNRWA West Bank Relief and Social Services Programme (October 2019) 21. UNRWA West Bank Protection and Neutrality Department (October 2019) 22. Ibid. 23. Ibid. 24. In the West Bank, the EA budget under emergency food assistance is US$ 2,230,567 higher than the amount listed in the HPC funding requirement for 2020. This is because, for the HPC, the joint WFP-UNRWA food security intervention targeting Bedouin communities was submitted by WFP. 25. In Gaza, the EA budget under CfW is US$ 10,000,000 higher than the amount listed in the HPC. This is due to the inclusion of 7,000 additional beneficiaries in the EA intervention. 26. In Gaza, the EA budget under emergency health is US$ 1,580,600 higher than the amount listed in the HPC. This is due to the inclusion, in the EA, of additional interventions to cover the needs of Palestine refugees and the provision of medical 35 2020 oPt emergency appeal

support to vulnerable refugee students. 27. In Gaza, the EA budget under EiE is US$ 106,800 higher than the HPC. This is due to the inclusion, in the EA, of a higher caseload of students targeted with learning materials and stationary. 28. In Gaza, for the HPC, MHPSS requirements have been submitted as part of the emergency education and emergency health projects and not as a standalone project sheet. 29. In Gaza, the EA budget under protection is US$ 1,000,000 higher than the amount listed in the HPC. This is due to the inclusion, in the EA, of additional requirements related to the implementation of protection activities delivered through CBOs. 30. UNRWA coordination and management requirements for Gaza and the West Bank, including neutrality, emergency preparedness and safety and security are not included in the HPC as these costs are not eligible under the HPC. 31. As of Q4 2019, the food basket for abject poor includes flour, rice, sugar, sunflower oil, whole milk, red lentils, chickpeas and canned fish. 32. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/WHO_Right_to_health_2018_Web-final.pdf 33. Stable accommodation refers to those assisted who report that they believe they will be able to remain in their current accommodation for up to 12 months after the protection incident (e.g. military operation, settler violence and/or demolition). 36 2020 oPt emergency appeal

وكالة األمم المتحدة إلغاثة وتشغيل united nations relief and works agency الالجئين الفلسطينيين في الشرق األدنى for palestine refugees in the near east

department of planning unrwa headquarters - amman po box 140157, amman 11814 jordan Tel: +962 (6) 580 2512 www.unrwa.org دائرة التخطيط األونروا - عمان العنوان البريدي :ص.ب: 140157 ، عمان 11814 األردن هـ : ٥٨٠2512 )٦ ٩6٢+(

department of planning unrwa headquarters - amman po box 140157, amman 11814 jordan

t: (+962 6) 580 2512