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Schoolbooks of the Palestinian Authority (PA): the Attitude to the Jews, to Israel and to Peace

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Schoolbooks of the Palestinian Authority (PA): the Attitude to the Jews, to Israel and to Peace Schoolbooks of the Palestinian Authority (PA): The Attitude to the Jews, to Israel and to Peace December 26 , 2017 No recognition of the existence of the State of Israel: the map of the countries of the Arab homeland as it appears in a PA textbook published in 2017. Palestine appears on the map with the Palestinian flag. Israel is not mentioned. The textbook is called National and Social Fostering, for the fourth grade, Part One (2017), p. 7. Overview A comprehensive study was recently issued on PA schoolbooks' attitude to the Jews, Israel and peace. The study covers PA schoolbooks published in the past four years (the PA has not yet completed issuing new textbooks). The study was conducted by Dr. Arnon Groiss and Dr. Ronni Shaked from the Truman Institute at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. It was undertaken at the request of the Center for Near East Policy Research and was recently issued in Hebrew by the Center in conjunction with the Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies at Bar Ilan University. The study was made possible by a grant from the Wiesenthal Center in Los Angeles. 259-17 2 According to the findings of the study, PA schoolbooks' attitude to the Jews, Israel and peace is based on three fundamentals: de-legitimization, demonization and indoctrination to violent struggle. There is no call for peace or coexistence with neighboring Israel. A Palestinian narrative has been constructed based on the fundamentals. It represents the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in a distorted manner historically and does not leave any hope for ending it in peaceful coexistence of the two parties involved. The findings are consistent with other studies of Palestinian textbooks conducted in the past decade (some of which were issued in Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center bulletins). The studies repeatedly show a deep-rooted hostility to Israel in the Palestinian educational system. It is a function of the Palestinian ethos on which generations of Palestinians have been educated, including the present generation. The Palestinian ethos had led to a culture of hatred for the State of Israel and the Jewish people, thus fueling terrorism, violence and incitement against Israel. Dr. Reuven Erlich (Res. Colonel) Head of the Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center 259-17 Schoolbooks of the Palestinian Authority (PA): The Attitude to the Jews, to Israel and to Peace Study, Compilation and Translation by Dr. Arnon Groiss and Dr. Ronni Shaked Editing and Conclusion by Dr. Arnon Groiss (September 2017) Executive Summary The present research covers the expressions of the attitude to the Jewish-Israeli "other", and to the issue of peace with it, found in the most updated schoolbooks issued by the Palestinian Authority for use in all schools in the West Bank and Gaza, and also in East Jerusalem schools that follow the PA curriculum. The said schools are both governmental and non-governmental, that is, schools operated by the various Christian churches, the Islamic charity associations, private organizations, and the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA). 201 textbooks of various school subjects, taught in grades 1-12, were examined and all forms of text, including language exercises, assignments and footnotes, as well as photographs, illustrations, maps, tables and graphs have formed the source material of this research. 77 of the books checked were published in the years 2016 and 2017, as part of an ongoing project initiated by the PA with a view to renewing its entire curriculum. The authors of this research strongly believe that a meaningful peace must start with education: the younger generation on both sides of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict should be given a chance to understand the wider background of the conflict in which their societies are entangled and be shown the mutual benefits of its peaceful resolution. That entails a clear-cut recognition of the adversary, alongside a respectful description of its identity, beliefs and interests. The sole purpose of this research is the promotion of peace education on both sides, and the authors hope to add to the present research a similar one on Israeli schoolbooks soon. The findings of this research show that the PA schoolbooks' attitude to Jews, Israel and peace is based on three fundamentals: De-legitimization, demonization and indoctrination to violent struggle instead of peace. Based on these fundamentals, a narrative has been built that presents the conflict in a distorted manner historically, and does not leave any hope for ending it in a peaceful coexistence of the two parties involved, with grave implications as far as their future, and their children's future, is Groiss-Shaked, PA Schoolbooks, 2017 1 concerned. These findings also reveal the PA's goals on the long run and the extent of UNRWA's involvement in pursuing these goals. De-legitimization of the Jews is expressed by non-recognition of their being a nation having rights in the country they regard as their ancient homeland. Rather, their attachment to it is described as "greedy ambitions (atma')". Their national movement - Zionism - is portrayed as a colonialist movement in the service of Western Imperialism aiming at gathering the world's Jews in the country and expelling the Palestinians from it. It is thus presented as an existential threat. The new 2017 schoolbooks even change the conflict's name from "the Arab-Israeli conflict" into "the Arab-Zionist conflict", probably with a view to presenting the conflict to the students as a struggle for mere existence, which makes the possibility of ending in peaceful coexistence less likely. Before 2016, there were very few references in the PA schoolbooks to the Jews' presence in the country in antiquity, while the Palestinians were described in those books as descendants of the ancient Canaanites who were presented as originally Arab. The Palestinians' "Canaanite connection" has been discarded in the 2016-2017 books, but the argument of the Canaanites' Arab ethnicity has been retained, thus creating an impression that the Arabs preceded the Jews in the country in antiquity as well. Moreover, the new schoolbooks have omitted the few former references to the Jewish past in the country and now argue, instead, that Jews' historical claims regarding their presence there in antiquity are false. The Jewish holy places, such as the Wailing Wall in Jerusalem, the Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron and Rachel's Tomb in Bethlehem, are not recognized as such. Rather, they are presented in the books as Muslim holy places usurped by the Jews. The text of a 2017 books even leaves the impression that the Wailing Wall and the Jewish synagogues in the Old City of Jerusalem were actually invented by "the Zionist Occupiers" in 1967 and did not exist there in the past. The 6 million Jews living in the country are not counted among its inhabitants - contrary to millions of Palestinians who live abroad. Their cities are not shown on the map except rarely, as foreign settlements. Even the Jews' national language - Hebrew - is erased, literally, from a British Mandate stamp reproduced in a PA textbook, and in another case it is presented as a threat to Jerusalem's Arab character, while the Jewish inhabitants of the city are presented as occupiers and infiltrators. The Jews' presence in today's Palestine is thus presented as illegitimate and, by implication - temporary. That is actually the basis of the "Right of Return" argument: The foreign Jews should leave and the legitimate inhabitants, that is, the descendants of the Palestinian refugees who live abroad, should return and take their place. The Jews' state - Israel - is not recognized as a sovereign state and its name does not appear on maps, except for one case in which it is depicted as an occupying entity since 1948. Israel is sometimes replaced by Palestine as the sovereign state in the region both in text and on maps, and the latter is supposed to cover all of Israel's territories after their liberation from occupation. Regions, sites and cities within Israel's pre-1967 borders are presented exclusively as Palestinian, even as occupied, and instead of the term "Israeli territory" the books often use circumlocutions such as Groiss-Shaked, PA Schoolbooks, 2017 2 "the Lands of 1948", "the Interior" and "the Green Line". Moreover, since 2016, the name "Israel" has disappeared from most texts, even the demonizing ones, and has been replaced by the expression "Zionist occupation" - probably with a view to removing from the books the remnants of Palestinian recognition of Israel by virtue of the Oslo Accords. Demonization: Jews are demonized in the PA schoolbooks as enemies of Islam's revered prophets, namely, Moses, Jesus and Muhammad, which automatically places them in the camp of the forces of evil and prepares for their further demonization within the context of the conflict. The PA schoolbooks attribute to the Jews who immigrated to Palestine in the 19th century intentions of exterminating the Palestinian inhabitants and portray them as an existential threat to the Palestinian individual. They are de-humanized as wolves and snakes in this context. This very line continues in the 2016-2017 books as well (the expression "Devil's aides", for instance). Israel is severely demonized by means of over thirty accusations found in the books, starting with its usurpation of Palestine and the expulsion of the original inhabitants, through massacres, murder of Palestinian children, assassination of Palestinian leaders, aggression against neighboring Arab states, destruction of Palestinian cities and villages, desecration of Muslim and Christian holy places, mass arrests, attempts at the elimination of Palestinian identity and cultural heritage, besieging the Palestinians by the separation fence, damaging Palestinian economy and harming Palestinian society, and ending in perpetuating the state of ignorance among Palestinians and responsibility for intra-family violence and drug abuse in Palestinian society.
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