Joint Government and Humanitarian Partners’ Revised Humanitarian Requirements Document for South and South­eastern Parts of the Country

April 12, 2011 Addis Ababa

Table of Content

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 3

INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ...... 4 1. FOOD AND NON-FOOD REQUIREMENTS ...... 6

1.1 RELIEF FOOD NEEDS ...... 6 1.2 TARGETED SUPPLEMENTARY FEEDING PROGRAMME ...... 6 1.3 NON-FOOD NEEDS ...... 7 1.3.1 WATER AND SANITATION (WASH) ...... 7 1.3.1.1 SECTORAL ANALYSIS ...... 7 1.3.1.2 RESOURCE REQUIREMENT ...... 7 1.3.1.3 COORDINATION ...... 8 1.3.2 AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK ...... 9 1.3.2.1 SECTORAL ANALYSIS ...... 9 1.3.2.2 REQUIREMENTS AND RESPONSE MODALITIES ...... 10 1.3.3 HEALTH AND NUTRITION SECTOR ...... 13 1.3.3.1 SECTORAL ANALYSIS ...... 13 1.3.3.2 REQUIREMENT FOR HEALTH AND NUTRITION INTERVENTIONS AND PLANNED RESPONSES ...... 14 1.3.3.3 COORDINATION ...... 17 ANNEXES ...... 19

2 Executive Summary

Attributed to the impact of the La Niña episode, poor performance of the 2010 deyr/hagaya rains (October to December), compounded with low availability of water reserves has led to a drought situation in most southern and south‐eastern lowlands of the country. Despite ongoing efforts to tackle the consequences of the developing situation, the findings of recent assessments and monitoring data indicate that shortages of water and pasture, in particular, have become critical in most areas. The situation is likely to be further aggravated by the continued below‐normal rains in the current March to May 2011 main pastoral rainy season.

In order to effectively address current and potential emergency and recovery needs in the drought affected areas of the southern and south‐eastern parts of the country, the sectoral needs and associated requirements identified in the 2011 Humanitarian Requirements Document (HRD) for these areas have been updated. According to the revised resource requirements associated with the increasing needs identified, an estimated USD 75,030,109 is required to respond to food and non‐food needs during the months of April and May 2011 as summarized in Table 1 below.

Table 1: Summary of Humanitarian Requirement in the lowland drought affected areas in Somali, Oromia and SNNP regions

Sector Requirement Additional Available Net indicated in February Requirements resources Requirement 2011 HRD (USD) (USD) (USD) (USD)

Relief Food

General Ration: 41,107,052* 12,297,625 8,521,800 44,882,877

Gross: 76,292 MT

Supplementary 4,018,153* 1,147,898 0 5,166,051 (EOS/TSF) Food

Agriculture 3,740,000* 7,062,728 486,370 10,316,358

Waterand Sanitation 4,601,402* 6,015,215 2,274,878 8,341,739

Health and Nutrition 24,927,059** 7,367,191*** 1,044,107 6,323,084

Grand total 75,030,109

* 2011 HRD (January to June) requirement for the three regional states. ** 2011 HRD (January to June) requirement for the all regional states. *** Outstanding requirement in the three drought affected lowland areas.

3 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

Adverse impact of the moderate to strong La Niña episode on the seasonal rains, which has resulted in drought conditions, continue to be witnessed expanding to more areas. The poor performance of the 2010 deyr/hagaya rains (October to December) has led to critical water and pasture shortages in the south and south eastern parts of the country. There is a growing threat that the situation may be further exacerbated by continued below‐ normal rains in the current March to May main rainy season as the prevailing La Niña episode is expected to continue through June 2011, according to the National Meteorological Agency (NMA) forecast.

The poor performance of the rains, further aggravated by the low availability of water reserves due to lack of adequate catchment capacity, siltation and/or damages to water collection points resulting from flooding during the main rainy season kiremt (June to September) rainy season, has impeded adequate replenishment of surface and groundwater sources resulting in severe water shortage. The growing pasture and water shortage in the drought affected areas compounded by the long distance livestock trek in search of water has led to the deterioration of livestock body condition and subsequent decline in productivity. With the likely progression of the drought, heightened risks of malnutrition and other health problems related to the drought are also anticipated.

As part of the response efforts, relief food as well as non‐food interventions such as water tankering; commercial de‐stocking, animal feed supply, and vaccination and treatment of livestock; and measles supplementary immunization campaigns are underway. Despite the ongoing efforts of government and its humanitarian partners (donors, NGOs, UN agencies) towards addressing immediate needs identified in the February 2011 HRD, which substantially contributed to save lives and livelihoods of the affected population, findings of the recent assessments, analysis and interpretation of current monitoring data indicated that shortages of water and animal feed in particular remain critical in most areas. The situation is of particular concern as it is likely to be further aggravated by the continued impact of La Niña episode through belg/gu 2011.

The situation, therefore, calls for further enforcement of coordination and increase of preparedness and response by mobilizing additional resources. Taking cognizance of this fact, DRMFSS has activated the Multi Agency Coordination (MAC) forum, which has been the coordinating body at the national level the drought response. Incident command posts have been established in Yabello woreda Borena zone in Oromia Region and and zones of , comprising DRMFSS, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Water and Energy, and the respective sectoral bureaus to strengthening monitoring and coordination of responses.

Following the activation of MAC, respective line ministries were tasked with the preparation of a special response plan for drought affected areas of south and south‐eastern parts of the country by analyzing and reviewing existing monitoring data and reports generated through recent rapid assessments against interventions identified in the February 2011 Humanitarian Requirements Document (HRD) and also by taking into account the NMA’s weather forecast for the upcoming belg 2011.

4 This response plan, therefore, aims to estimate additional sectoral needs and ensure those needs are fully addressed. The plan also guides the government and partners to concentrate their efforts and resources on timely and adequately addressing the identified needs of the affected population in south and south‐eastern parts of the country.

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1. FOOD AND NON‐FOOD REQUIREMENTS

1.1 Relief Food Needs

A total 2,059,191 people in the La Niña induced drought affected lowland areas of Somali, Oromia and SNNP regions face food insecurity requiring assistance, which were initially identified in the 2010 meher seasonal assessment and further updated through subsequent assessments. In response to these, DRMFSS is building preparedness to mitigate the food shortage in these areas. The total quantity required to address these requirements for the two month period from April to May 2011 is 76,292 MT of food, which is estimated to cost USD 53,404,677.Considering the available resources valued USD 8,521,800,the net requirement is USD 44,882,877.

Table 2: Total Food Requirement of drought affected pastoral and agro‐pastoral communities by Region (April‐May/2011)

Region Beneficiary Food Requirement( Mt ) Cost (USD) Number Cereal Supplementary Oil Pulses Total food Oromia 679,209* 20,375.76 2139.45 611.27 2037.58 25164.06 17,614,844.52 Somali 1,300,000** 39000 4095 1170 3900 48165 33,715,500.00 SNNP 79,982*** 2399.46 251.94 71.98 239.95 2963.33 2,074,333.17 Total 2,059,191 61,775 6,486 1,853 6,178 76,292 53,404,678.00 * The beneficiary number includes drought affected people in Borena, Arsi, Bale, Guji, East and West Hararghe; ** The total number of beneficiaries identified in the 2010 meher assessment and an additional 210,752 from PSNP have been considered; *** Drought affected people in South Omo, Derashe Special Woreda and Konso.

1.2 Targeted Supplementary Feeding Programme

The WFP/DPPB TSF programme continues to suffer funding constraints that in 2010 has led to contingency measures such as provision of only one round of supplementary food (3‐months ration as opposed to six‐month) in response to EOS screening. Under the same measure, it was agreed to maintain the CBN woredas (which conduct quarterly screenings) on quarterly distributions. This year, the programme faces an overall 66 percent shortfall in funding: hence the contingency measures are still in place for the regular TSF programme and of course WFP has no additional resources to cover emergency needs.

A total of USD 1,147,898 will be needed to fund management of MAM in the drought affected low land woredas with TSF programme.

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1.3 Non‐Food Needs

1.3.1 Water and Sanitation (WASH)

1.3.1.1 Sectoral Analysis The seasonal rainfall is the most important factor in replenishing surface and groundwater sources in lowland pastoral areas. The performance of the 2010 hagaya/deyr rains was poor in the southern, south‐eastern, and eastern lowlands of the country. As a consequence, surface water sources (rivers, streams, ponds, birkas, eelas), which are the primary source of water for human and livestock began to be depleted as early as November 2010 and have now almost all dried up.

In response, water trucking has been ongoing since November 2010, covering an ever wider area as more and more woredas report severe water shortages. At this point, water trucking is the top priority for intervention to sustain the lives and livelihoods of the drought‐affected population and mitigate the effects of the drought. In addition to the water trucking, emergency rehabilitation and maintenance of non‐functioning water supply schemes, especially boreholes, is of the utmost priority. Ongoing activities have been funded by the government and donors, but large gaps in the required response continue to be observed due to factors including shortage of trucks and the high and rising price of water, distance from water points to delivery points, and lack of materials and equipment for maintenance and rehabilitation of defunct water supply schemes (submersible pumps, generators, water storage materials, water purification chemicals, spare parts, sectoral trained personnel and financial shortage) to perform the activities.

In many parts of the drought affected areas groundwater is also slowly depleting, resulting in declining yields and subsequent drying‐up of hundreds of shallow wells and lowering of static water levels in deep wells. Higher demand for water has put enormous pressure on functioning water schemes, resulting in the failure of many schemes with many others on the verge of failure. Water scarcity, poor sanitation and hygiene coupled with food shortage are expected to enhance vulnerability to disease and mortality levels of affected communities. The lack of adequate potable water has forced people to use contaminated water which may result in the spread of water and sanitation related diseases. Urgent assistance is needed to scale up the relief operations to provide water and sanitation as a critical component.

1.3.1.2 Resource Requirement In calculating the resources required for the two‐month period, the following planning documents were utilized: HRD 2011; Regional Contingency Plans and; and situation update from regional water bureaus. The two month WASH requirements for the drought affected areas in the lowlands of Somali, Oromia and SNNP are summarized in Table 3 below.

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Table 3: WASH Sectoral Requirements

Region & Maintenance Water Water Capacity Total Available Gaps Beneficiary and trucking purification building, Requirement Resources number* Rehabilitation and community of defunct disinfection, and water supply sanitation & mobilization schemes hygiene monitoring supplies evaluation Oromia 1,246,098 540,336 419,938 104,985 2,311,357 179,257 2,132,100 ‐974,466 Somali 450,499 2,109,568 360,399 90,100 3,010,566 533,347 2,477,219 ‐685,000 SNNP 382,205 191,103 152,882 38,221 764,411 358,515 405,896 ‐38,064 Total 2,078,802 2,841,007 933,219 233,306 6,086,334 1,071,119 5,015,215

* Services indicated in column 2,3 4 & 5 are in most cases complementary to each other, hence the beneficiary number calculation taken into account the dependency of one service by others.

1.3.1.3 Coordination Capacity Building Requirements

Emphasis will be given to strengthen institutional capacity of the water sector / Emergency WASH Coordination Units at federal, regional and woreda levels through deployment of appropriate staff and the prepositioning of necessary equipment for emergency WASH response such as plastic water tankers, pillow tankers, EMWAT kits, water collection and storage equipment and water treatment chemicals. In addition, training and other capacity building activities will be undertaken for staff of the water sector, WASH partners and community members to ensure improved systems of early warning, coordination and response including promotion of sanitation and hygiene supplies.

Coordination Arrangements

The federal and regional level emergency WASH taskforces will continue to function in an organized manner, so that exchange on updates and sharing of information, particularly implementation of community‐based interventions (mitigation, reporting and response), and continued gap analysis will be strengthened. It is also vital to strengthen coordination with other sectoral taskforces to improve the sharing of similar information on early warning and response. Ad hoc coordination mechanisms will be initiated /revitalized at regional and lower levels to ensure regular sharing of data/information on early warning and status of response. In addition, cross‐ border coordination mechanisms will be strengthened /initiated/ to address sharing of information and

8 experiences among government sectors and humanitarian partners operating in neighboring countries including securing access to water points for tracking.

Implementation Modalities

The water sector in collaboration with the DRMFSS and the health sector (through EHNRI) will play a lead role in the coordination of the implementations of emergency water and sanitation interventions. Water and Health Bureaus, NGOs operating in each region, UN agencies, private and public water works enterprises will be actively involved in the implementation. Emphasis will be given to fully involve woredas in the implementation process. In this regard, capacity of woredas will have to be increasingly strengthened.

Donor support can be channeled through government’s system that is already in place for monitoring follow up, reporting and accounting and/or through other partners. It is important to ensure proper implementation of planned/approved activities. Efforts will continue to be made to ensure adherence of response to the requirement and improve submission of reports by partners involved in emergency response to the sector at each level. Allocation of funds/resources will be made available according to the prioritized actions based on the assessment.

1.3.2 Agriculture and Livestock

1.3.2.1 Sectoral Analysis The depletion of pasture and water in the drought affected lowland areas in Somali, Oromia and SNNP regions has resulted in early migration of livestock to a relatively better off areas, which has put pressure on existing limited resources. The situation has been further aggravated by influx of livestock from neighbouring areas of Kenya and Somalia. The drought situation compounded by large lumber of distances livestock are trekked has led to deterioration of livestock body condition and productivity.

The planned sectoral interventions encompasses facilitation of commercial de‐stocking, slaughter de‐stocking, livestock feed supply, animal health and seed provision. An estimated USD 10.4 million is required to undertake the planned agricultural interventions in the lowland drought affected areas in Somali, Oromia and SNNP region as indicated in Table 4 below.

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Table 4: Emergency and Recovery Agricultural Requirements for April to May 2011

Intervention/Acti Requirement Additional Available Net Requirement vities indicated in requirement for resource (USD) February 2011 current situation (USD) HRD (USD) * (USD)

Facilitation of 100,000 50,000 ‐ 150,000 commercial de‐ stocking

Slaughter de‐ ‐ 2,117,647 ‐ 2,117,647 stocking

Livestock feed 2,211,000 3,555,497 351,076 5,415,421

Animal health 729,000 845,722 135,294 1,439,428

Seed 700,000 493,862 ‐ 1,193,862

Total 3,740,000 7,062,728 486,370 10,316,358

* Requirements for the drought affected lowland areas in Somali, Oromia and SNNP regions for the period January to June 2011

1.3.2.2 Requirements and Response Modalities

Drought Cycle Management (DCM) model

The Drought Cycle Management (DCM) model helps in the phasing of livestock relief interventions, which the NMA forecast indicates will be needed to mitigate and respond to the impacts of the La Niña conditions through the end of the year. Among the major interventions under the DCM are: commercial and slaughter de‐stocking, animal heath, grain price stabilization, and livestock feed supplementation. Donors are encouraged to fund longer‐term interventions that will support drought‐affected pastoral areas through the short rainy season (October to December 2011), so that communities receive appropriate, coordinated and phased livelihood support throughout the duration of the current La Niña episode.

Community participation

The success of the planned interventions relies on the rich indigenous community‐based knowledge of livestock husbandry, health, drought coping mechanisms and natural resource management. The plan also recognizes the important role that can be played by the woreda administration, cooperatives and different development agents and NGOs working in the respective areas.

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Targeting of interventions

Targeting interventions at the local level will be the responsibility of the relevant federal, regional, zonal and woreda bureaus within the outlined action plan (see Table 6 below). The action plan identifies and briefly outlines the phasing of appropriate interventions. Based on this, the regions, zones and woreda administrators will develop specific plans and operate in collaboration with partner agencies, including NGOs. Accordingly, monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment will be led by DRMFSS and the regional authorities, with partner agencies.

De‐stocking approaches The DRMFSS‐led national Agriculture Task Force (ATF) follows two approaches to de‐stocking of livestock: commercial and slaughter de‐stocking. Generally, commercial and slaughter de‐stocking activities provide cash to drought‐affected pastoral households which can be used to purchase food, pay for health care and purchase livestock feed for core breeding stocks. According to this plan, commercial de‐stocking and market support activities will be given priority in order to reduce the number of livestock that would otherwise perish due to the current drought conditions and relieve pressure on water and pasture supplies for remaining livestock. The total estimated number of cattle that should be de‐stocked from the three regional states hit by drought is some 1,045,000. However, the cattle body condition and market availability would dramatically reduce this figure.

Commercial de‐stocking, or accelerated livestock off‐take: to facilitate and encourage the commercial de‐ stocking of 88,000 cattle from Borena zone, an initial 12,000 cattle have been relocated to Adama and Mojo feed lots as a pilot, many of which are already at export weight, waiting for market outlet. Similar efforts will soon expand to Somali and SNNP regions. An activity plan to effect commercial and slaughter de‐stocking and other interventions has been prepared for Oromia Region (See Table 6); detailed activities will also be prepared by the other affected regions in collaboration with zonal and woreda officials. Off‐take will be monitored and DRMFSS will receive monthly reports on the rate of off‐take achieved. Delay in securing export markets will affect the demand for drought affected cattle and result in poorer profit margins for exporters.

Slaughter de‐stocking: It is commonly accepted that slaughter de‐stocking takes place later in the drought cycle, when traders are no longer purchasing emaciated animals for fattening and sale to local butchers or for export. However the ATF is recommending immediate slaughter de‐stocking interventions to take drought affected cattle off the market as live animal exporters do not trade this category of animal for export. To slaughter 40,000 unproductive cattle and distribute their meat for the needy a total of 2,117,647 USD is required (Annex 1).

Animal Health The provision of veterinary services during drought is an important strategy to protect livestock as they become more susceptible to disease as their body conditions deteriorate. Therefore, livestock which are exposed to drought‐induced diseases should be treated as early as possible. For prevention and treatment of more than 1,998,310 livestock in the three regional states a total budget of USD 1,204,428 is needed. (Annex 1)

Livestock Feed Supplementation Livestock feed supplementation has been proven to be appropriate intervention in pastoral areas in recent years. Pastoral households who have the capacity to purchase feed for their livestock can access it through private traders and cooperatives. This plan, however, aims to address poor pastoral households that need support to preserve breeding stock. In order to support 116,646 breeding stocks with livestock feed in the three regional states a total budget of 4,058,421 USD is proposed. (Annex 1).

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Emergency Seed

In order to enable smallholder farmers who were affected by /agro‐pastoralists to pursue crop production in the current belg/gu and upcoming kiremt/deyr seasons, provision of good quality seed including chickpea, haricot bean, maize, potato, sorghum, teff and wheat is required. The planned intervention aims to address 84,696 affected household and cover 26,816 hectares of land with 1,271MT of improved seed. A total of USD 493,862 is required for the emergency seed supply intervention

Table 5: Activity plan to effect commercial and slaughter de‐stocking, supply of supplementary feed and animal health issues in Borena and Guji zones of Oromia Regional state

Activities Time of accomplishment Responsibility

Starting Ending

Consulting meeting with live animal April 22 April 22 EMDTI, DRMFSS exporters, National bank of (NBE), Ministry of defence (MoD), export abattoirs (ELFORA, Abergelle) and Addis Ababa abattoir to shsre responsibiolities and to facilitate commercial destocking

Arrange selected market places for a April 25 May 4 EMDTI, DRMFSS, Oromia visit in Borena zone for live animal Market Agency (OMA), , exporters, MoD, export abattoir to Oromia Cooperative agency facilitate the destocking process (OCA)

Facilitate issue of finance for live animal April May EMDTI, DRMFSS, FAO, OMA, export and cooperatives in OCA, Oromia Pastoral collaboration with NME commission (OPC)

Facilitate live animal movement and April DRMFSS, EMDTI, OMA, transportation Ministry of Transport, Customs & Inland revenue Authority

FAO to develop a Concept Note to April APRIL FAO, DRMFSS, Oromia DPPC, share with the World Bank and Donor OAB, Ministry of agriculture Group to consider destocking and (MoA) (Extension Directorate), livestock distribution for fattening and sale to PSNP household as part of the HABP

12 1.3.3 Health and Nutrition sector

1.3.3.1 Sectoral Analysis

The Health and Nutrition sectoral response plan aims to respond to the current drought situation, reported from 85 woredas in Oromia (36), Somali (41) and SNNPR (8). The estimated population of the affected woredas is 7million* (entire population) of which 1,075,122 are children below the age of five years.

An integrated nutrition and health response has already been initiated through the regions, but additional support is required as the geographic coverage of the drought is increasing and expected to further worsen, as per the NMA forecasts. Heightened risk of waterborne disease outbreaks and other health problems related to the drought situation is anticipated. Some of the most immediate health risks include Acute Watery Diarrhea (AWD), Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM), Measles, Malaria, Meningitis and other acute febrile illnesses and water‐borne diseases. Accordingly, preparation to predict, prevent and control outbreaks of these diseases is critical. In order to do this, strengthening of the surveillance system and continuous assessment of the situation is needed.

The purpose of this response plan is to ensure the health and nutrition sector capacity for the timely and proper implementation of health and nutrition interventions in order to minimize the health impact of the drought.

Table 6: Health and Nutrition Requirement Summary

Intervention area Beneficiary Requirement Available Net requirement Number in USD in USD in USD Measles outbreak management 1,059,448 2,718,112 2,728,483 Meningitis and other AFI 72,413 245,405 245,405 Management Severe Acute Malnutrition 30,108 2,961,295 2,961,295 Management Management of AWD 14,483 129,445 129,445 Management of Malaria 362,064 1,128,515 1,031,389 Surveillance ,case management and 7,167,483 155,249 129,314 operational cost Monitoring & Evaluation Regional NA 16,452 ‐ 16,452 Level Monitoring & Evaluation‐ National NA 12,718 12,718 ‐

**Note that all the beneficiaries and the requirements indicated here are parts of the HRD of the period January to June 2011 drought.

13 Total 7,367,191 1,044,107 6,210,394

1.3.3.2 Requirement for Health and Nutrition Interventions and Planned Responses

• Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) Children in the drought affected area are at heightened risk of Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM), which must be addressed in a timely manner. SAM cases will be managed using the national guideline† for management of SAM and management of SAM using mobile teams guideline‡ (appropriate for pastoralist areas) to prevent further deterioration and mortality associated with malnutrition. The time frame for the nutrition response is estimated based on NMA projection that the La Nina effect will last up to July 2011. Thus, all nutrition responses have to span up to December to ensure that children and other vulnerable groups will be covered with nutrition services during the La Niña affected period.

Because of relatively better reporting rates (over 85 percent in Oromia and SNNPR), the number of cases for Oromia and SNNPR has been estimated based on the December 2010 admission trends with a projected 5 percent increase per month for six months (March –August). This is a similar factor to that used in estimating TFP beneficiaries for the January to June 2011 HRD. Based on this, 13,137 and 2,976 TFP beneficiaries are estimated for Oromia and SNNPR respectively over a period of 6 months (March‐August 2011).

For Somali region, with generally low coverage of TFP services and below 80 percent reporting rate for December 2010, using TFP admission trends would grossly underestimate the TFP beneficiaries on the ground. Instead, the number of TFP beneficiaries for Somali region has been estimated using 2.7 percent SAM prevalence (plausible SAM levels in the Somali context and also reported from previous surveys). Multiplying this level on the total under‐five population of 433,219 in the 41 woredas in Somali region, brings a plausible TFP beneficiaries estimated to be around 11,700.

Thus, an overall estimated 27,813 SAM cases will need life saving nutrition interventions to improve their nutritional status and prevent them from mortality associated with malnutrition. Because of social and implementation factors, it is estimated that the response is likely to reach (coverage) 80 percent of targeted population that is equivalent to 22,250 SAM cases.

Meanwhile, 90 percent of the 1,075,122 (967,610) under‐five population in the three regions are estimated to require screening and provision with Vitamin A supplementation and de‐worming once in six months as part of SAM management and prevention measures.

• Measles It is anticipated that the measles outbreak, which has already affected some drought‐affected and neighboring woredas will expand to the drought hit woredas. This proposal intends to assist 52,872 beneficiaries (assuming 5% of children under 5 years get sick) residing in the 85 drought‐affected woredas.

† FMOH: Protocal of management of Severe Acute Malnutrition; March 2007 ‡ Somali RHB/UNICEF, Guideline on the management of severe acute malnutrition using mobile teams; August 2008 14 However, all children under 5 living in the affected woredas will be covered with vaccines, through expanded supplementary immunization activities (SIA).

As a response to the anticipated outbreak, ensuring the availability of life saving drugs and supplies and their pre‐positioning at the woredas level is essential.

• Acute Watery Diarrhoea Most of the drought affected woredas have a previous history of AWD outbreaks, increasing the risk that the drought situation re‐introduces the disease. Due to shortages of clean drinking water, the community is liable to use water from unsafe sources, including from rivers. During rainy days, it is also possible that people consume surface water collected in catchment areas without treatment. The consumption of water from these sources will expose the community to AWD. Some 15,000 people are at risk of being affected by AWD. In addition to the mitigation measures taken by MOWE through distribution of safe and clean water, and chemicals for household water treatment, resources required for treatment of AWD cases should be pre‐positioned throughout the drought‐affected areas.

• Malaria Almost all the woredas affected by the drought are also known malaria endemic areas. Due to interruption of rivers and streams, pools in water bodies could become mosquito breeding sites. In addition, the intermittent rain that is expected will create other mosquito breeding sites. It is anticipated that about 5% of the population of the affected woredas (362,000 people) will be affected by malaria. Therefore, health facilities and woredas will need to be stocked with anti‐malarial drugs and diagnostic kits. This resource will be provided through regular malaria program.

• Acute febrile illnesses (Meningitis, Relapsing fever & Typhoid fever etc) Inadequate clean water supplies will aggravate already‐poor hygiene and sanitation in the drought‐affected areas and lead to outbreaks such as relapsing fever and typhoid fever. These diseases require prompt case investigation and management. This response plan anticipates an estimated 72,412 beneficiaries in drought affected communities will need treatment for such diseases. Therefore, adequate antibiotics that are life saving should be pre‐positioned.

• Strengthening Disease Surveillance and case management at all levels Regular disease surveillance will be strengthened to support the health system at all levels. This will be done by assigning additional staff to oversee the drought affected woredas and increased the frequency of communication with health offices in each woreda. Daily situation analysis will be conducted in each woreda and decisions on response will be made accordingly. Routine surveillance and daily reporting will be conducted especially in the affected woredas.

As the need arises, supporting the case management in disease outbreaks is a crucial component of the planned interventions. In this regard, human resources will be mobilized by the regional, zonal and woreda health offices, with this plan including some associated financial and logistic issues. Technical issues related to case management, including capacity building, will be responded to depending on the need that arises in the affected woreda or zone.

15 Case management will involve health workers, who will require some orientation and also need to be mobilized from different zones and woreda within the region. If the region is not in a capacity to do so, inter‐regional mobilization will be resorted to.

With respect to nutrition, TFP reports based on the F/MOH format will be collected routinely and analyzed on a monthly basis from all TFP sites (TFU and OTP) either supported by the RHBs or with partners (NGOs). Performance of the nutrition response will be monitored using standard indicators as recommended by the Sphere standards and the national guideline for SAM management (F/MOH 2007 and the emergency nutrition intervention 2004). To monitor admission trends on a weekly basis, where necessary, information for selected indicators such as new admissions and number of TFP reporting sites will be collected. Such data and information will inform the government and partners on the evolving nutrition situation in those woredas where the situation is stable, improving or deteriorating and make appropriate decisions in a timely manner.

• Implementation Approach and Sectoral M&E (Strategies for current responses) The health intervention will be proceed in two directions. As previously indicated, already affected populations and people who migrated with livestock and are currently concentrated on certain locations are labeled as priority groups needing immediate response without delay.

The second tactic constitutes preparedness activities like strengthening surveillance and prepositioning surge stocks at the regional/ woreda levels: in the event of disease outbreaks, the drugs and medical supplies can be mobilized.

The response package will consider the cost of providing the resources at federal level and transporting at least 50 per cent of the requirement to the regional health offices for immediate action. Replenishment will be conducted according to the situation at the affected woreda and zonal levels. The mobilization of support within the region will be handled by the RHBs.

Surveillance remains the backbone of the intervention. PHEM will utilize the ongoing surveillance system, strengthening its capacity in the process. In this regard, PHEM at federal and regional levels will support PHEM at zonal and woreda levels. Daily communication with the affected sites will be ensured by the zonal and regional PHEM.

Nutrition response will be implemented through nutrition cluster partners using two approaches. 1) Strengthening nutrition services (increasing coverage of TFP services/sites and beneficiaries, support to logistics, capacity building of the existing health staff and recruiting new staff where the existing human resources is found to be inadequate, etc). 2) NGOs have already expressed their commitment to cover 86 percent of the (66 of the 77) La Nina affected woredas in Somali and Oromia regions. Efforts are going on to gain commitment of partners in SNNPR. Both the two approaches mentioned above will be implemented as per national guidelines for SAM management (2007 and 2008). 3) As mentioned earlier, since La Nina effect is projected to last up to July, the nutrition cluster/sector recommends that all planned interventions should extend up to August 2011. Apart from TFP, partners will also implement TSF 16 interventions in their respective woredas by signing MOU with WFP and regional DPPBs as per current arrangements.

Currently partners are preparing nutrition response proposals for donor funding, which will be reviewed by the nutrition cluster in coordination and ENCU/DRMFSS prior to implementation and/or funding to ensure the proposals are technically sound as per national guidelines.

During this critical period, review of proposals will be accelerated to avoid delay and ensure timely response. In this regard, all partners have been requested to strengthen and expand/initiate nutrition responses immediately in order to mitigate and prevent likely increased cases of malnutrition in those woredas rather than waiting for the situation to get serious or critical.

TFP supplies (ready to use therapeutic food and routine drugs for management of SAM) will be centrally procured by UNICEF as it has been done before. Partners will be accessing the supplies either through the RHB (current practice/arrangement) or directly depending on which is more efficient after consultation with the respective RHBs.

• Monitoring and Evaluation The overall monitoring activities will be handled by the region in coordination with the federal PHEM office and the PHEM task force. Apart from daily reporting, weekly reports on the overall intervention and progress will be institutionalized. The woreda level task force will be capacitated to monitor the interventions with checklists which will be forwarded to the region and center. Central Health Partners will organize intervention monitoring teams and visit the affected regions once per month for the verification purpose.

In addition to the monthly/weekly updates, standard emergency nutrition surveys will be conducted as per national guidelines at the beginning to provide baseline information and monitor the effectiveness/impact of the nutrition response. It is estimated that about one third of the 85 woredas will be surveyed to provide empirical evidence based on which decision will be made. Emergency nutrition surveys are usually conducted by NGOs after review of their technical capacities in terms of human resources and quality assurance of the proposal approved by the ENCU/DRMFSS.

1.3.3.3 Coordination PHEM will work closely with the PHEM TF members. The task force will ensure the availability of resources, support in resource mobilization, participate in surveillance and give technical guidance. Information will be shared according to the TOR for the PHEM task force. Emergency nutrition response will be coordinated by the ENCU/DRMFSS as it currently done working closely with the Multi Agency Nutrition Task Force (MANTF) forum through the nutrition cluster approach. Ad hoc MANTF meetings will also be called as and when required in additional to the bilateral coordination meetings with respective partners.

17 Overall coordination captivates will be chaired by the PHRM directorate or any represented personnel form PHEM office. Bi‐weekly meetings will be conducted to assess situation and take agreed actions and decisions. Extraordinary meetings can also be arranged depending on new and alarming situation being reported from the regions.

18

ANNEXES Annex 1: Slaughter De‐stocking, Animal Health and Animal Feed Requirements

Additional Requirement requirement Available Net Target Region indicated in for current resource Requirement livestock HRD (USD) situation (USD) (USD) (USD)

A. Slaughter Destocking

Oromia 30,000 ‐1,235,294 0 1,235,294

Somali 10,000 ‐882,353 0 882,353

Total 40,000 ‐2,117,647 0 2,117,647

B. Animal Health

Oromia 577,310 235,000 845,722 135,294 945,428

SNNPR 1,165,000 198,000 ‐ 0 198,000

Somali 256,000 296,000 ‐ 0 296,000

Total 1,998,310 729000 845,722 135,294 1,439,428

C. Animal Feed

Oromia 56,646 944,000 1,924,497 351,076 2,517,421

SNNPR 10,000 0 828,000 0 828,000

Somali 50,000 1,267,000 803,000 0 2,070,000

Total 116,646 2211000 3,555,497 351,076 5,415,421

Grand Total 8,972,496

19 Annex 2.

List of Food Requirement by woreda for the months of April‐ May/2011

Duration Food Requirement( Mt ) Beneficary of Starting Region Ad.Zone Woreda Number assistance Month Cereal Supp.Food Oil Pulses Total

Oromiya Arsi Robe 8000 2 April 240 25.2 7.2 24 296.4

Oromiya Arsi Tena 4000 2 April 120 12.6 3.6 12 148.2

Oromiya Arsi Tiyo 2000 2 April 60 6.3 1.8 6 74.1

Oromiya Arsi Chole 5880 2 April 176.4 18.522 5.292 17.64 217.854

Oromiya Arsi Guna 12000 2 April 360 37.8 10.8 36 444.6

Oromiya Arsi Sude 13000 2 April 390 40.95 11.7 39 481.65

Oromiya Arsi Jeju 11665 2 April 349.95 36.7448 10.4985 34.995 432.18825

Oromiya Arsi Munesa 8800 2 April 264 27.72 7.92 26.4 326.04

Oromiya Arsi Diksis 8852 2 April 265.56 27.8838 7.9668 26.556 327.9666

Oromiya Arsi Limu Bilbilo 10000 2 April 300 31.5 9 30 370.5

Oromiya Arsi Hinkolo Wabe 8000 2 April 240 25.2 7.2 24 296.4

Oromiya Bale Gasara 8430 2 April 252.9 26.5545 7.587 25.29 312.3315

Oromiya Bale Agarfa 6678 2 April 200.34 21.0357 6.0102 20.034 247.4199

Oromiya Bale Ginir 12236 2 April 367.08 38.5434 11.0124 36.708 453.3438

Oromiya Bale Goro 6934 2 April 208.02 21.8421 6.2406 20.802 256.9047

Oromiya Bale D/Kachen 5000 2 April 150 15.75 4.5 15 185.25

20 Oromiya Bale Sewena 5000 2 April 150 15.75 4.5 15 185.25

Oromiya Bale L/Hida 9968 2 April 299.04 31.3992 8.9712 29.904 369.3144

Oromiya Bale Meda Wolabu 5000 2 April 150 15.75 4.5 15 185.25

Oromiya Bale Delo Mena 6000 2 April 180 18.9 5.4 18 222.3

Oromiya Bale Harena Buluk 7000 2 April 210 22.05 6.3 21 259.35

Oromiya Borena Abaya 10392 2 April 311.76 32.7348 9.3528 31.176 385.0236

Oromiya Borena Bule Hora 7267 2 April 218.01 22.8911 6.5403 21.801 269.24235

Oromiya Borena Dhas 5604 2 April 168.12 17.6526 5.0436 16.812 207.6282

Oromiya Borena Dillo 6813 2 April 204.39 21.461 6.1317 20.439 252.42165

Oromiya Borena Dire 8618 2 April 258.54 27.1467 7.7562 25.854 319.2969

Oromiya Borena Galana 4107 2 April 123.21 12.9371 3.6963 12.321 152.16435

Oromiya Borena Teltele 4960 2 April 148.8 15.624 4.464 14.88 183.768

Oromiya Borena Moyale 11689 2 April 350.67 36.8204 10.5201 35.067 433.07745

Oromiya Borena Arero 6055 April 0 0 0 0 0

Oromiya Borena Melka Soda 5330 April 0 0 0 0 0

Oromiya Borena Mio 8301 2 April 249.03 26.1482 7.4709 24.903 307.55205

Oromiya Borena Yabelo 6228 2 April 186.84 19.6182 5.6052 18.684 230.7474

Oromiya Borena Dugda Dawa 5536 2 April 166.08 17.4384 4.9824 16.608 205.1088

Oromiya Guji Saba Boru 17592 2 April 527.76 55.4148 15.8328 52.776 651.7836

Oromiya Guji Goro Dolo 19694 2 April 590.82 62.0361 17.7246 59.082 729.6627

Oromiya Guji Liben 14610 2 April 438.3 46.0215 13.149 43.83 541.3005

21 Oromiya Guji Wadera 10397 2 April 311.91 32.7506 9.3573 31.191 385.20885

Oromiya E Hararghe Babile 6000 2 April 180 18.9 5.4 18 222.3

Oromiya E Hararghe Bedeno 7000 2 April 210 22.05 6.3 21 259.35

Oromiya E Hararghe Chinaksen 10000 2 April 300 31.5 9 30 370.5

Oromiya E Hararghe Deder 4000 2 April 120 12.6 3.6 12 148.2

Oromiya E Hararghe Fedis 5000 2 April 150 15.75 4.5 15 185.25

Oromiya E Hararghe Girawa 8000 2 April 240 25.2 7.2 24 296.4

Oromiya E Hararghe Golo Oda 9000 2 April 270 28.35 8.1 27 333.45

Oromiya E Hararghe Goro Gutu 5000 2 April 150 15.75 4.5 15 185.25

Oromiya E Hararghe Gursum 6000 2 April 180 18.9 5.4 18 222.3

Oromiya E Hararghe Haro Maya 4000 2 April 120 12.6 3.6 12 148.2

Oromiya E Hararghe Jarso 3000 2 April 90 9.45 2.7 9 111.15

Oromiya E Hararghe Kersa 5000 2 April 150 15.75 4.5 15 185.25

Oromiya E Hararghe Kombolcha 3000 2 April 90 9.45 2.7 9 111.15

Oromiya E Hararghe Kurfa Jele 6000 2 April 180 18.9 5.4 18 222.3

Oromiya E Hararghe Melka Balo 7000 2 April 210 22.05 6.3 21 259.35

Oromiya E Hararghe Meta 6000 2 April 180 18.9 5.4 18 222.3

Oromiya E Hararghe Meyu 5000 2 April 150 15.75 4.5 15 185.25

Oromiya E Hararghe Midega 10000 2 April 300 31.5 9 30 370.5

Oromiya E Hararghe Kumbi 7000 2 April 210 22.05 6.3 21 259.35

Oromiya W Hararghe Anchar 3000 2 April 90 9.45 2.7 9 111.15

22 Oromiya W Hararghe Boke 5000 2 April 150 15.75 4.5 15 185.25

Oromiya W Hararghe Chiro 6000 2 April 180 18.9 5.4 18 222.3

Oromiya W Hararghe Darolebu 5000 2 April 150 15.75 4.5 15 185.25

Oromiya W Hararghe Doba 5000 2 April 150 15.75 4.5 15 185.25

Oromiya W Hararghe Gemechis 5000 2 April 150 15.75 4.5 15 185.25

Oromiya W Hararghe Goba Koricha 7500 2 April 225 23.625 6.75 22.5 277.875

Oromiya W Hararghe Habro 8000 2 April 240 25.2 7.2 24 296.4

Oromiya W Hararghe Hawi Gudina 5000 2 April 150 15.75 4.5 15 185.25

Oromiya W Hararghe Kuni 8000 2 April 240 25.2 7.2 24 296.4

Oromiya W‐Hararghe Mesela 7000 2 April 210 22.05 6.3 21 259.35

Oromiya W Hararghe Mieso 7000 2 April 210 22.05 6.3 21 259.35

Oromiya W Hararghe Tulo 5000 2 April 150 15.75 4.5 15 185.25

Oromiya W Hararghe Burka Dimtu 7000 2 April 210 22.05 6.3 21 259.35

Orommia Addtional 121656 2 April 4507

Oromia Total 679,209 25,164

Somali Jigjiga 74048 2 April 2221.44 233.251 66.6432 222.144 2743.4784

Somali Jigjiga Jigjiga 63259 2 April 1897.77 199.266 56.9331 189.777 2343.74595

Somali Jigjiga 7202 2 April 216.06 22.6863 6.4818 21.606 266.8341

Somali Jigjiga Babile 0 2 April 0 0 0 0 0

Somali Jigjiga Gursum 0 2 April 0 0 0 0 0

23 Somali Jigjiga 0 2 April 0 0 0 0 0

Somali 0 2 April 0 0 0 0 0

Somali Shinile 0 2 April 0 0 0 0 0

Somali Shinile 22521 2 April 675.63 70.9412 20.2689 67.563 834.40305

Somali Shinile Mieso 0 2 April 0 0 0 0 0

Somali Shinile Shinile 0 2 April 0 0 0 0 0

Somali Shinile 0 2 April 0 0 0 0 0

Somali Gode 35760 2 April 1072.8 112.644 32.184 107.28 1324.908

Somali Gode 19863 2 April 595.89 62.5685 17.8767 59.589 735.92415

Somali Gode East Imey 28685 2 April 860.55 90.3578 25.8165 86.055 1062.77925

Somali Gode 14190 2 April 425.7 44.6985 12.771 42.57 525.7395

Somali Gode Gode 38560 2 April 1156.8 121.464 34.704 115.68 1428.648

Somali Gode 17069 2 April 512.07 53.7674 15.3621 51.207 632.40645

Somali Gode 0 2 April 0 0 0 0 0

Somali Cherati 33419 2 April 1002.57 105.27 30.0771 100.257 1238.17395

Somali Afder Barey 32112 2 April 963.36 101.153 28.9008 96.336 1189.7496

Somali Afder Elekere 21909 2 April 657.27 69.0134 19.7181 65.727 811.72845

Somali Afder Gorobaqaqsa 13517 2 April 405.51 42.5786 12.1653 40.551 500.80485

Somali Afder Guradamole 21350 2 April 640.5 67.2525 19.215 64.05 791.0175

Somali Afder 11225 2 April 336.75 35.3588 10.1025 33.675 415.88625

Somali Afder West Imey 7274 2 April 218.22 22.9131 6.5466 21.822 269.5017

24 Somali Afder Kersa Dula 21102 2 April 633.06 66.4713 18.9918 63.306 781.8291

Somali Afder 24754 2 April 742.62 77.9751 22.2786 74.262 917.1357

Somali Liban 9854 2 April 295.62 31.0401 8.8686 29.562 365.0907

Somali Liban 55475 2 April 1664.25 174.746 49.9275 166.425 2055.34875

Somali Liban Hudet 5057 2 April 151.71 15.9296 4.5513 15.171 187.36185

Somali Liban Moyale 92919 2 April 2787.57 292.695 83.6271 278.757 3442.64895

Somali Dagahbur 27281 2 April 818.43 85.9352 24.5529 81.843 1010.76105

Somali Dagahbur 48806 2 April 1464.18 153.739 43.9254 146.418 1808.2623

Somali Dagahbur Dagahmadow 23872 2 April 716.16 75.1968 21.4848 71.616 884.4576

Somali Dagahbur Gashamo 7654 2 April 229.62 24.1101 6.8886 22.962 283.5807

Somali Dagahbur Degahabur 0 2 April 0 0 0 0 0

Somali Fik 17005 2 April 510.15 53.5658 15.3045 51.015 630.03525

Somali Fik 38134 2 April 1144.02 120.122 34.3206 114.402 1412.8647

Somali Fik 25411 2 April 762.33 80.0447 22.8699 76.233 941.47755

Somali Fik 38112 2 April 1143.36 120.053 34.3008 114.336 1412.0496

Somali Fik 15621 2 April 468.63 49.2062 14.0589 46.863 578.75805

Somali Fik Selehad 22822 2 April 684.66 71.8893 20.5398 68.466 845.5551

Somali Fik Legehida 10454 2 April 313.62 32.9301 9.4086 31.362 387.3207

Somali Fik Meyu Muluke 5318 2 April 159.54 16.7517 4.7862 15.954 197.0319

Somali Warder 4702 2 April 141.06 14.8113 4.2318 14.106 174.2091

Somali Warder 2134 2 April 64.02 6.7221 1.9206 6.402 79.0647

25 Somali Warder Galadi 22296 2 April 668.88 70.2324 20.0664 66.888 826.0668

Somali Warder Warder 12133 2 April 363.99 38.219 10.9197 36.399 449.52765

Somali Korahe Dobowein 20337 2 April 610.11 64.0616 18.3033 61.011 753.48585

Somali Korahe Kebridahar 27229 2 April 816.87 85.7714 24.5061 81.687 1008.83445

Somali Korahe Sheygosh 35591 2 April 1067.73 112.112 32.0319 106.773 1318.64655

Somali Korahe Shilabo 13212 2 April 396.36 41.6178 11.8908 39.636 489.5046

Somali PSNP beneficary 210,752 2 April 6323 664 190 632 7808

Somali Total 1,300,000 39000 4095 3900 632 48164

SNNP South Omo Bena 8000 2 April 240 25.2 7.2 24 296.4

SNNP South Omo Male 11866 2 April 355.98 37.3779 10.6794 35.598 439.6353

SNNP South Omo Dasenche 10199 2 April 305.97 32.1269 9.1791 30.597 377.87295

SNNP South Omo Gangatom 10199 2 April 305.97 32.1269 9.1791 30.597 377.87295

SNNP South Omo Selamago 7058 2 April 211.74 22.2327 6.3522 21.174 261.4989

SNNP South Omo Hamer 5270 2 April 158.1 16.6005 4.743 15.81 195.2535

SNNP S.Woreda Derashe 6890 2 April 206.7 21.7035 6.201 20.67 255.2745

SNNP S.Woreda Konso 20500 2 April 615 64.575 18.45 61.5 759.525

SNNP Total 79,982 2399.46 251.943 71.9838 239.946 2963.3331

Grand Total 76,292

26