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Home , Changdeokgung, Chuseok, Kim Gu, Korean architecture, Korean art, Ondol

QUID 2017, pp. 366-372, Special Issue N°1- ISSN: 1692-343X, Medellín-Colombia

ASPECTS OF KOREAN CULTURE THAT HAVE TO BE INTRODUCED IN RUSSIA

(Recibido el 09-06-2017. Aprobado el 31-08-2017)

Young Cheol Ko Alina Ilshatovna Khuzina Kazan Federal University, Institute of International Kazan Federal University, Institute of International Relations, History and Oriental Studies Relations, History and Oriental Studies [email protected] .

Abstract. Historically every country has its own peculiar culture. As far as now we are living in 21st century when the international economic and political relations between two countries is getting developed, mutual culture understanding is greatly important for further successful cooperation.

In addition, there is a great raise of learners, so the knowledge of some Korean cultural aspects can improve effectiveness of language studying process.

This study provides research of all information that is existing in Russia about Korean culture, its results and introduction of some crucial aspects of Korean culture that are still not published but have to be known in Russia and includes important cultural aspects for Korean people, special materials found on the Russian internet contained information about Korean culture and a collection of important cultural aspects, which need to be introduced in Russia.

In order to implement the main task of the study, and internet resources, some dissertations, articles, travel guide books found on Russian Internet and devoted to Korean culture were thoroughly researched.

According to the results of implemented research, firstly, it needs to provide comprehensive Korean language materials, including tutorials, introduction of Korean literature, Korean customs, and samulnori, Korean TV-shows and k-pop, Korean traditional paper art, Korean traditional dance, clothes (), and tea ceremony, taekwondo, Korean traditional house () and traditional heating system (ondol), traditional confessions and oblation ceremonies, the traditional idea of veneration of parents and family culture, Chinese medicine and other aspects of Korean culture need to be introduced.

Keywords: culture, Korean culture, traditional culture, spiritual culture, cultural pattern, living culture, .

Citar, estilo APA: Young Cheol Ko Y. & Khuzina, A. (2017). Aspects of Korean culture that have to be introduced in Russia. Revista QUID (28), 366-372 1. INTRODUCTION 3. RESULTS

The head of provisional government, who was also According to the results, due to efforts of Russian a fighter for independence and initiator of researches, the material about Korean culture and democratic ideas Gu once said: “I wish our presented in Russia contains such aspects as country become the most beautiful country in the Korean thought, , customs and recreational world. I do not want it to be the most powerful or activities, art, literature, dance, music. richest... my hurt is bleeding because of invasion, so we are not eager to invade. Our buoyancy is to In the table below (Table 1), you can find the live our life prosperously; our mightiness is just to material, which has to be researched and presented defend our land against invasion. I do not wish my in Russia. country imitate other cultures, I want to create unique and high original culture” (Kim Gu, 2008). Table 1: Aspects of Korean culture that have to be presented in Russia According to the Kim Gu’s opinion, culture is an extremely important element which forms human’s Field Contents Elucidatory notes identity and essence. It includes all the aspects of Korean alphabet, Publication of proper human life, reflects pre-social culture of ethnics ways of Korean teaching materials for Korean language groups and culture of well-organized nations. language education, Korean language Hanja learners in Russia In the era of globalization in order to establish (traditional Introduction and close and stable cooperation in different spheres three-verse Korean research of Korean Korean literature between countries it needs to know partner- poem), poetry, classic and modern country’s culture for reaching efficiently visible novels, essays literary works effectiveness. That is why understanding of Korean Korean customs, Korean customs and Traditions, Solar term holidays, Solar term, culture by Russian people has a great value to traditional games seasonal customs knowledge of people’s life and can bring seasonal customs convenience in relations between countries. Gugak (Korean classical music), folk Korean music Pansori, Samulnori In addition, it is not proper to ignore the fact that in songs, pansori, masked dance case Russian people have some knowledge about Korean culture, learning language also can become K-pop, movies, Popular culture Movies, serials, songs animation, online much easier and effective. games etc. , Korean traditional art, ceramics, , 2. METHODS hanji, origami hanji This study contains literature researches and Royal dance, folk dance, mask dance, Korean dance materials found on the Internet. In order to ritual dance, creative calculate the percentage statistical data was used. dance.

Traditional Korean Hanbok Hanbok In order to make a study of Korean culture field a clothes survey of bibliography and Internet recourses devoted to Korean culture was taken. In order to Kimchi, cooking, tea ceremony, implement the survey of materials published in (red pepper paste), Kimchi, tea ceremony Russia we used “Korean culture” keywords and (soybean studied all the dissertations, articles, booklets and paste), soy sauce travel guidebooks on Russian Internet since 1 June 2017 until 31 July 2017. Researched materials Taekwondo, martial arts, Korean Sport Taekwondo were analyzed and put in order according to the wrestling, glaive, foot subject of research. In order to get study item’s volleyball frequency, statistic of percentage was taken.

The study has been taken in the period since 1 June 2017 to 31 July 2017. As far as Korean government tries to maintain Hanok (Korean style- house; thatched Korean traditional style, it is getting its own house, shingle-rooted Hanok and ondol representativeness and . In view of this, Korean house, tile rooted culture house), ondol Korean alphabet, cuisine, music and others, which (Korean floor heating can be involved in globalization, are becoming a system) whole brand (The traditional Korean house, n. d).

Shamanism, If to take an analysis of such materials as general (ancestral rites, summary called “Theory of Korean culture” (Park family clans and Folk , Korean religions Young Sun, 2017) by professor of names), , ancestor worship Catholicism, University Park Young Sun (2008), “An Protestantism, encyclopedia of Korean culture” (Suh Cheong-Soo, Korean religions 2014) by Suh Cheong Soo (2014), “Korean culture in full view” (Cho Dong Il & Lee Eun Suk, 2017) Filial piety thoughts, Filial piety thoughts, Korean thought community spirits family culture by Cho Dong Il and Lee Eun Suk (2017) it is possible to get acquainted with theory of Korean Acupuncture, culture. The table below represents analysis results moxibustion, Korean medicine Korean medicine cupping, chuna of these three books (Table 2). treatment, gigong, oriental treatments Tab. 2 Coverage of Korean culture UNESCO world Cultural asserts of Cultural assets heritage and cultural each district Part Field Sections assets

Go period and period, Three kingdoms Increase in the number of Russian researchers period, Unified period, 1. Korean history , Koryo Dynasty, interested in Korean culture plays a great role in its Joseon Dynasty, the period development in Russia. of Japanese occupation, Independence period 4. DISCUSSION

Ideological and religious We are going to survey Korean literature, identity, symbolism and , religion, cuisine, traditional clothes 1. Korean history 2. Identity of identity, political and social and culture Korean culture identity, emotional identity, and peculiarities of living and features of Korean organizational identity, low art. Moreover, we are going to overview all the and institutional identity aspects of inherited Korean culture that need development in modern time. Korean language (specialty of Korean letter study, 3. Culture of Speaking about Korean culture in general, we can phonological specialty etc.), Korean language classify it into 3 categories such as moral, material Korean literature (classical and living culture (, 2017). literature, modern literature)

Music, art, dance, theatre, 4. Korean art 1. Moral culture: folk games, holidays, solar term, movies seasonal customs, Korean medicine etc. Nature and climate, roads 1. Korean nature and transport 2. Material culture: buildings, books, paintings, , crafted products and others are Tangible cultural properties considered as types of cultural products. According 2. Korean nature and tourism resources, archeological materials such cultural assets as and natural intangible cultural treasures palaces and Royal shrine, in cultural treasures 2. Korean cultural (regional groups: , treasures Busan/Gyeongsangnam-do, Suwon, temples, sites (Gochang, Hwasun, /Gyeongsangbuk-do, Ganghwa), and etc. have historical value. /Gyeongi-do, Jeju- do, others. 3. Living culture: cuisine (kimchi, traditional tea etc.), hanbok, household items (ceramics, fire etc.). Tombs, The Korean wave, Korean Historic Monuments and 3. Korean culture serials, popular songs, Sites in Kaesong in the world: 1. Korean wave movies, comics, animation, Korean wave online games etc.

Books presented above covered almost all cultural The first introductory material about Korea in aspects, excepting science and technology, Russia is considered the work by the first Russian economy and sport. That is why this study is ambassador to (1675-1678) Nikolay, who oriented on all the aspects of Korean culture described situation of Korean cities and region in excepting Korean history, geography and language. embassy (Ursul, 1980).

The next table presents all the found materials Later, in 2016, D.S. Bilyalova presented a book which were published in Korea (Table 3). called “Analysis of Korean, Japanese and Chinese history and its study in Russian textbooks”. Table 3: Aspects and contents of Korean culture «Russian school history textbooks contain Content which is information about development of countries in being frequently № Aspects Contents Asian region. However, if to speak about introduced information about Korean history, there is abroad 1 Korean language Korean alphabet, Hanja Korean language comparatively less amount of it and it is often 2 Korean literature Legends, sijo, novels described in relation to Japanese and Chinese Old and modern customs, historical events… Overall, Russian textbooks Korean customs folk games (baduk, jangi, contain a little amount of information devoted to 3 and traditional yunnori etc.), holidays (new games year, ), Solar term, political treaties and economical contracts, Korean seasonal customs economic development. However, there is no National music, folk songs, 4 Korean music Samulnori description of Korean culture» (Bilalova, 2016). pansori, masked dance Korean wave, K- 5 Popular culture Movies, serials, songs pop The extract of the research devoted to Korean Korean paintings, ceramics, 6 Korean art Origami calligraphy, hanji history textbooks that describe materials about Royal dance, folk dance, Russia researched by Young Cheol Ko in 2016 is 7 Korean dance mask dance, ritual dance, as follows. «Korean history textbooks have creative dance Korean traditional materials devoted to Russian history, international 8 Hanbok clothes relationship between Russia and Korea since 19th Kimchi, cooking, tea century» (Young Cheol Ko, 2016). ceremony, gochujang (red Bibimbab, 9 Korean cuisine pepper paste), doenjang , kimbap (soybean paste), soy sauce The extract from research implemented within the Taekwondo, martial arts, 10 Sport Korean wrestling, glaive, period from 17 June 2017 until 31 July 2017 is foot volleyball given below. «All materials were taken from Hanok (Korean style-house; electronic resources in open access, links are thatched house, shingle- Korean 11 rooted house, tile rooted attached in footnotes: online library of dissertations architecture house), ondol (Korean floor (Electronic library of dissertations, n. d), science heating system) Shamanism, Confucianism library of dissertations (Scientific library of Buddhism, (ancestral rites, family clans Korean shamanistic dissertations, n d). Using the catalog search, we 12 and names), Buddhism, confessions rituals, ancestor input special keyword “Korean culture”. In the first Catholicism, Protestantism, worship Korean religions electronic resource, we managed to find 2077 Filial piety thoughts, 13 Korean thought documents, 67 documents of which are the most community spirits 14 Korean medicine Korean medicine suitable for the chosen topic. The second electronic Grotto and resource showed 4584 documents, but the number Temple, of suitable materials without reiteration is 6» Temple Janggyeong Panjeon, Shrine, (Electronic library of dissertations, n. d). Palace Complex, Hwaseong Fortress, Historic The number of all materials presented as follows UNESCO world 15 Areas, Gochang, Hwasun heritage (13) (Table 4). and Ganghwa Dolmen Sites, Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty, Historic Villages of Table 4: Number of materials devoted to Korean culture Korea: Hahoe and Yangdong, , Baekje Historic Areas, Complex of Books Dissertations Articles Korean Total (2%), UNESCO world introductory heritage (1%) were shown as less introduced books comparing with other fields. Materials such as guidance books, different booklets are forming 6%. 38 73 76 8 195 Korean cuisine and Korean medicine did not get any development.

In order to introduce Korean culture to Russian Based on this, we have compiled a table for a brief people it is not proper just to translate it into introduction to the content of these literature Russian or transform the image of Korean culture sources. Analysis results of found material according their preference. The best way is to show presented as follows (Table 5). the dynamic aspects of Korean popular culture such as Korean TV-shows or K-pop those are Table 5: Analysis results of materials devoted to Korean gaining popularity around the world. culture published in Russia Classification Usage of language and culture express the way of Introdu Dissert № Aspect Books/ Article ctory Tota thinking, special peculiarities of language and ations/ % % s/% books/ l % special cultural qualities such as way of thinking, % feelings, behavior (Jung Il Young, 2009). What is Korean 1 - 2-mar 5-jul - 7 4 language more, during social communicational activity Korean 2 jul-21 ¾ oct-13 - 20 10 knowledge of cultural peculiarities in the language literature Korean can raise the level of understanding of proverbs customs and may- 3 ¾ 19/25 - 27 14 and neologism (Lee Sook, 2003). traditional 13 games Korean 1. SUMMARY 4 - 14/19 - - 14 7 music Popular 5 2-may 1-ene - - 3 2 culture Today it is very important for both countries to 6 Korean art 3-ago oct-14 oct-13 - 23 12 understand each other’s culture in order to build Korean 7 1-mar 15/20 - - 16 8 dance stable economic, political and social relationship. Korean 8 traditional - 1-ene 3-abr - 4 2 The main task of this study is to learn the level of clothes Korean Korean culture spreading in Russia and by means 9 - - - - 0 0 cuisine of that find out what aspects of Korean culture 10 Sport 2-may 2-mar 3-abr - 7 4 need to be known. The content of research is based Korean 11 1-mar - 2-mar - 3 2 architecture on the material devoted to Korean culture existing Korean 12 oct-26 5-jul 14/18 - 29 15 in Russia via data survey on the Internet and confessions Korean cultural aspects that are stressed in Korea. 13 3-ago 17/23 oct-13 - 30 15 thought Korean 14 - - - - 0 0 medicine In order to implement the main task of the study, UNESCO Korean literature and internet resources, some world 15 - - - 1-dic 1 1 dissertations, articles, travel guide books found on heritage (13) Russian Internet and devoted to Korean culture Whole 16 4-nov - - jul-88 11 6 were thoroughly researched. contents 38/100 73/100 76/100 8/100 100 Total 195 % % % % % According the results of implemented research, On the base of results, we can make following first, it needs to provide comprehensive Korean conclusion. language materials, including Hanja tutorials, introduction of Korean literature, Korean TV-

shows and k-pop, movies and comics, Korean The most frequently introduced part of Korean traditional paper art, clothes (hanbok), kimchi and culture in Russia includes such aspects as and other aspects of Korean culture thought (15%), religion (15%), customs and need to be introduced. traditional games (14%), art (12%), literature (10%), dance (8%), music (7%). Such aspects of Korean culture as Korean language (4%), Sport (4%), popular culture (2%), Korean clothes (2%), 2. CONCLUSIONS Daum (2017). The traditional culture that we will inherit and develop, Retrieved 13 July 2017 Based on implemented study of Korean cultural from: aspects and materials presented in Russia we can http://tip.daum.net/question/96287273?q=%ED make following conclusion. %95%9C%EA%B5%AD+%EB%AC%B8%E D%99%94%EC%9C%A0%ED%98%95 During globalization era, we can see not only political and economic, but also social and cultural Park Young Sun (2017). Korean culture that we changes. Now everyone freely can use news, really have to know. Seoul: Hyeonamsa, pp. 5- movies, television, advertisement, popular music 658, and others. Now cultural production, consumption and distribution form international system that is Suh Cheong-Soo (2014). Encyclopaedia of Korean why modern culture and life style is speedy Culture, Seoul: Hancebon, pp. 15-622. expanding around the world. Cho Dong Il & Lee Eun Suk (2017).Korean culture These days, the number of foreigners who want to in full view, Seoul: Pureun sasang, pp. 7-312, learn Korean is rapidly increasing around the 2017. world. Language includes the mindset, lifestyle and cultural traditions of people who are using it. Ursul, D. T. (1980). Nikolay Gavrilovich Milesku Foreigners learn many honorific forms in Korean Spafary, : Thought, 192. language depending on the speaker and listener’s status, or learning how to respect Korean seniors Bilalova, D. S. (2016). Analysis of Korean, by means of understanding complicated Korean Japanese and Chinese history and its study in address terms. Therefore, language education Russian textbooks. Seminar "Tatarstan-Korea: includes a kind of cultural education. development of school education" for teachers of primary, secondary and senior schools of the In order to resolve this, there is a great necessity if Republic of Tatarstan in ”, efforts by Korean scholars and governmental Kazan: KFU, pp. 17-35. associations related to Russia. Young Cheol Ko (2016). Analysis of the content of What is more, in-depth research needed to cover Korean Korean textbooks on the theme of specific details of Korean culture that have not Russia and the Republic of Tatarstan. Seminar been discussed in this study. "Tatarstan-Korea: Development of School Education" for primary, secondary and senior ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS teachers of the Republic of Tatarstan in Korean studies, Kazan: KFU, pp. 36-62. The work is performed according to the Russian Government Program of Competitive Growth of Electronic library of dissertations. Retrieved 13 Kazan Federal University. July 2017 from: http://www.dissercat.com/

This work was supported by Seed Program for Scientific library of dissertations, Retrieved 13 Korean Studies through the Ministry of Education July 2017 from: http://cheloveknauka.com/, of Republic of Korea and Korean Studies free, Checked on July 13, 2017. Promotion Service of The Academy of Korean Studies (AKS-2016-INC-2230003). Jung Il Young (2009). The importance of cultural education in effective foreign language learning, REFERENCES 19, pp. 535-562.

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