KOREA's LITERARY TRADITION 27 Like Much Folk and Oral Literature, Mask Dances Ch'unhyang Chòn (Tale of Ch'unhyang)
Korea’s Literary Tradition Bruce Fulton Introduction monks and the Shilla warrior youth known as hwarang. Corresponding to Chinese Tang poetry Korean literature reflects Korean culture, itself and Sanskrit poetry, they have both religious and a blend of a native tradition originating in Siberia; folk overtones. The majority are Buddhist in spirit Confucianism and a writing system borrowed from and content. At least three of the twenty-five sur- China; and Buddhism, imported from India by way viving hyangga date from the Three Kingdoms peri- of China. Modern literature, dating from the early od (57 B.C. – A.D. 667); the earliest, "Sòdong yo," 1900s, was initially influenced by Western models, was written during the reign of Shilla king especially realism in fiction and imagism and sym- Chinp'yòng (579-632). Hyangga were transcribed in bolism in poetry, introduced to Korea by way of hyangch'al, a writing system that used certain Japan. For most of its history Korean literature has Chinese ideographs because their pronunciation embodied two distinct characteristics: an emotional was similar to Korean pronunciation, and other exuberance deriving from the native tradition and ideographs for their meaning. intellectual rigor originating in Confucian tradition. The hyangga form continued to develop during Korean literature consists of oral literature; the Unified Shilla kingdom (667-935). One of the literature written in Chinese ideographs (han- best-known examples, "Ch'òyong ka" (879; “Song of mun), from Unified Shilla to the early twentieth Ch'òyong”), is a shaman chant, reflecting the influ- century, or in any of several hybrid systems ence of shamanism in Korean oral tradition and sug- employing Chinese; and, after 1446, literature gesting that hyangga represent a development of written in the Korean script (han’gùl).
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