DOCSLIB.ORG

العدد 17 - المجلد الخامس - صيف 2016 Issue 17 - Volume 5 - Summer 2016

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
العدد 17 - المجلد الخامس - صيف 2016 Issue 17 - Volume 5 - Summer 2016 العدد 17 - المجلد الخامس - صيف 2016 Issue 17 - Volume 5 - Summer 2016 ﻻ ِّتعبر آراء َّالكتاب بالضرورة عن اتِّجاهات َّيتبناها »المركز العربي لﻷبحاث ودراسة السياسات« َح ِق َيق ُة َّالت ِار ِيخ أَ َّن ُه َخ َ ٌب َعن ْاالج ِت َم ِع اإلِ ْن َس ِ ِّان َّال ِذي ُه َو ُع ْم َر ُان َالعالَ ِم، َو َما َي ْع ِر ُض لِ َط ِب َيع ِة َذلِ َك ُالع ْم َر ِان ِمن َاأل ْح َو ِال ِم ْث ِل َّالت َو ُّح ِش َو َّالتأَ ُّن ِس َو َالع َص ِب َّي ِات َوأَ ْص َن ِاف َّالت َغ ُّل َب ِات لِ ْل َب َ ِش َب ْع ِض ِه ْم َع َل َب ْع ٍض، َو َما َي ْن َش ُأ َع ْن َذلِ َك ِمن المُ ْل ِك َو ُّالد َو ِل َو َم َر ِات ِب َها، َو َما َي ْن َت ِح ُل ُه َالب َ ُش ِبأَ ْع َملِ ِه ْم َو َم َس ِاع ِيه ْم ِمن َالك ْس ِب َو ْال َم َع ِاش ْوال ُع ُل ِوم َو َّالص َن ِائ ِع، َو َس ِائ ِر َما َي ْح ُد ُث ِف َذلِ َك ْال ُع ْم َر ِان ِب َط ِب َيع ِت ِه ِمن َاأل ْح َو ِال.... َو َكأَ َّن َه َذا ِع ْل ٌم ُم ْس َت ِق ٌّل ِب َن ْف ِس ِه. َفإِ َّن ُه ُذو َم ْو ُض ٍوع َوهو ُالع ْم َر ُان ْال َب َ ِش ُّي َو ْاالج ِت َم ُع اإلِ ْن َس ِ ُّان؛ َو ُذو َم َس ِائ َل، َوهي َب َي ُان َما ُي ْل ِح ُق ُه ِمن ْال َع َو ِار ِض َوا ْ َأل ْح َو ِال لِ َذ ِات ِه َو ِاح َد ًة َب ْع َد ُأ ْخ َرى. َو َه َذا َش ْأ ُن ُك ِّل ِع ْل ٍم ِمن ْال ُع ُل ِوم َو ْض ِع ًّيا َك َان أَ ْو َع ْق ِل ًّيا.... ْاالج ِت َم ُع اإلِ ْن َس ِ ُّان َ ُض ِور ٌّي. َو ُي َع ِّ ُب ْال ُح َك َم ُء َع ْن َه َذا ِب َق ْولِ ِه ْم: "اإلِ ْن َس ُان َم َد ِ ٌّن ِب َّالط ْب ِع"، أَ ْي َال ُب َّد لَ ُه ِمن ْاالج ِت َم ِع َّال ِذي ُه َو الَ َد ِن َّي ُة ِف ْاص ِط َل ِح ِه ْم َوهو َم ْع َنى ْال ُع ْم َر ِان.... ُث َّم إِ َّن َه َذا ْاالج ِت َم َع إِ َذا َح َص َل لِ ْل َب َ ِش َك َم َق َّر ْرَن ُاه َو َت َّم ُع ْم َر ُان َالعالَ ِم ِب ِه ْم، َفل ُب َّد ِم ْن َو ِاز ٍع َي ْد َف ُع َب ْع َض ُه ْم َع ْن َب ْع ٍض؛ لِ َم ِف ِط َب ِاع ِه ْم ْال َح َي َو ِان َّي ِة ِمن ْال ُع ْد َو ِان َو ُّالظ ْل ِم... َف َي ُك ُون َذلِ َك ْال َو ِاز ُع َو ِاح ًدا ِم ْن ُه ْم َي ُك ُون لَ ُه َع َل ْي ِهم ْال َغ َل َب ُة َو ُّالس ْل َط ُان َو ْال َي ُد ْال َق ِاه َر ُة؛ َّحتى َال َي ِص َل أَ َح ٌد إِ َل َغ ْ ِي ِه ِب ُع ْد َو ٍان؛ َو َه َذا ُه َو َم ْع َنى ْال ُم ْل ِك.... َو َت ِز ُيد ْال َف َل ِس َف ُة َع َل َه َذا ْال ُ ْب َه ِان... أَ َّن ُه َال ُب َّد لِ ْل َب َ ِش ِمن ْال ُح ْك ِم ْال َو ِاز ِع... ِب َ ْش ٍع َم ْف ُر ٍوض ِم ْن ِع ْن ِد ِالله َي ْأ ِت ِب ِه َو ِاح ٌد ِمن ْال َب َ ِش؛ َوأَ َّن ُه َال ُب َّد أَ ْن َي ُك َون ُم َت َم ِّي ًزا َع ْن ُه ْم ِبَا ُي ِود ُع ُالله ِف ِيه ِم ْن َخ َو ِّاص ِه َد َاي ِت ِه لِ َي َق َع َّالت ْس ِل ُيم لَ ُه َو ُالقب ُول ِم ْن ُه، َح َّتى َي ِت َّم ْال ُح ْك ُم ِف ِيه ْم َو َع َل ْي ِه ْم ِم ْن َغ ْ ِي إِ ْن َك ٍار َو َال َت ْز ِي ٍيف. َو َه ِذ ِه ْال َق ِض َّي ُة لِ ْل ُح َك َم ِء َغ ْ ُي ُب ْر َه ِان َّي ٍة َك َم َت َر ُاه؛ إِذ ْال ُو ُج ُود َو َح َي ُاة ْال َب َ ِش َق ْد َت ِت ُّم ِم ْن ُد ِون ذلِ َك ِبَا َي ْف ِر ُض ُه ْال َح ِاك ُم لِ َن ْف ِس ِه، أَ ْو ِب ْال َع َص ِب َّي ِة َّال ِتي َي ْق َت ِد ُر ِب َها َع َل َق ْه ِر ِه ْم َو َح ْم ِل ِه ْم َع َل َج َّاد ِت ِه. ابن خلدون، ّاملقدمة َح ِق َيق ُة َّالت ِار ِيخ أَ َّن ُه َخ َ ٌب َعن ْاالج ِت َم ِع اإلِ ْن َس ِ ِّان َّال ِذي ُه َو ُع ْم َر ُان َالعالَ ِم، َو َما َي ْع ِر ُض لِ َط ِب َيع ِة َذلِ َك ُالع ْم َر ِان ِمن َاأل ْح َو ِال ِم ْث ِل َّالت َو ُّح ِش َو َّالتأَ ُّن ِس َو َالع َص ِب َّي ِات َوأَ ْص َن ِاف َّالت َغ ُّل َب ِات لِ ْل َب َ ِش َب ْع ِض ِه ْم َع َل َب ْع ٍض، َو َما َي ْن َش ُأ َع ْن َذلِ َك ِمن المُ ْل ِك َو ُّالد َو ِل َو َم َر ِات ِب َها، َو َما َي ْن َت ِح ُل ُه َالب َ ُش ِبأَ ْع َملِ ِه ْم َو َم َس ِاع ِيه ْم ِمن َالك ْس ِب َو ْال َم َع ِاش ْوال ُع ُل ِوم َو َّالص َن ِائ ِع، َو َس ِائ ِر َما َي ْح ُد ُث ِف َذلِ َك ْال ُع ْم َر ِان ِب َط ِب َيع ِت ِه ِمن َاأل ْح َو ِال.... ّمعد المحور: إيليا زريق Guest Editor: Elia Zureik 5 َو َكأَ َّن َه َذا ِع ْل ٌم ُم ْس َت ِق ٌّل ِب َن ْف ِس ِه. َفإِ َّن ُه ُذو َم ْو ُض ٍوع َوهو ُالع ْم َر ُان ْال َب َ ِش ُّي ّمقدمة Introduction َو ْاالج ِت َم ُع اإلِ ْن َس ِ ُّان؛ َو ُذو َم َس ِائ َل، َوهي َب َي ُان َما ُي ْل ِح ُق ُه ِمن ْال َع َو ِار ِض سوسيولوجيا إنتاج Sociology of 11 وا ْ َألحو ِال لِ َذ ِات ِه و ِاح َد ًة بع َد ُأ ْخرى. وه َذا َش ْأ ُن ُك ِّل ِع ْلم ِمن ْالع ُلوم و ْض ِعيا المعرفة الكولونيالية Colonial Knowledge Production َ ْ َ َ َ ْ َ َ َ ٍ ُ ِ َ ًّ - حالة المغرب The Maghreb Case – َك َان أَ ْو َع ْق ِل ًّيا.... توني بالَنتاين Tony Ballantyne 13 ْاالج ِت َم ُع اإلِ ْن َس ِ ُّان َ ُض ِور ٌّي. َو ُي َع ِّ ُب ْال ُح َك َم ُء َع ْن َه َذا ِب َق ْولِ ِه ْم: "اإلِ ْن َس ُان المعرفة االستعمارية Colonial Knowledge َ َم َد ِ ٌّن ِب َّالط ْب ِع"، أ ْي َال ُب َّد لَ ُه ِمن ْاالج ِت َم ِع َّال ِذي ُه َو الَ َد ِن َّي ُة ِف ْاص ِط َل ِح ِه ْم ترجمة: ثائر ديب Translated by: Thaer Deeb وهو مع َنى ْالعمر ِان.... َ َ ْ ُ ْ َ بشرى زكاغ Bouchra Zougagh 47 Managing Cultural Affairs in Morocco ُثم إِ َّن ه َذا االج ِت َم َع إِ َذا حص َل لِ ْلب َش َك َم َقررَن ُاه و َتم عمر ُان العالَم ِب ِهم، تدبير الشأن الثقافي في المغرب َّ َ ْ َ َ َ ِ َّ ْ َ َّ ُ ْ َ َ ِ ْ خالل مرحلة االستعمار during Colonial Times َفل ُب َّد ِم ْن َو ِاز ٍع َي ْد َف ُع َب ْع َض ُه ْم َع ْن َب ْع ٍض؛ لِ َم ِف ِط َب ِاع ِه ْم ْال َح َي َو ِان َّي ِة ِمن ْال ُع ْد َو ِان َو ُّالظ ْل ِم... َف َي ُك ُون َذلِ َك ْال َو ِاز ُع َو ِاح ًدا ِم ْن ُه ْم َي ُك ُون لَ ُه َع َل ْي ِهم ْال َغ َل َب ُة محمد فاوبار Mohamed Faoubar 67 َ سوسيولوجيا اإلنتاج المعرفي الكولونيالي :Sociology of Colonial Knowledge Production َو ُّالس ْل َط ُان َو ْال َي ُد ْال َق ِاه َر ُة؛ َّحتى َال َي ِص َل أ َح ٌد إِ َل َغ ْ ِي ِه ِب ُع ْد َو ٍان؛ َو َه َذا ُه َو بشأن التربية والتعليم في المغرب Education in Morocco َم ْع َنى ْال ُم ْل ِك.... عبد الرحمن المالكي Abderrahman EL Maliki 91 َو َت ِز ُيد ْال َف َل ِس َف ُة َع َل َه َذا ْال ُ ْب َه ِان... أَ َّن ُه َال ُب َّد لِ ْل َب َ ِش ِمن ْال ُح ْك ِم ْال َو ِاز ِع... السوسيولوجيا الكولونيالية Colonial Sociology أمام ظاهرة الهجرة القروية في المغرب on Morocco’s Rural Migration ِب َ ْش ٍع َم ْف ُر ٍوض ِم ْن ِع ْن ِد ِالله َي ْأ ِت ِب ِه َو ِاح ٌد ِمن ْال َب َ ِش؛ َوأَ َّن ُه َال ُب َّد أَ ْن َي ُك َون ُم َت َم ِّي ًزا َع ْن ُه ْم ِبَا ُي ِود ُع ُالله ِف ِيه ِم ْن َخ َو ِّاص ِه َد َاي ِت ِه لِ َي َق َع َّالت ْس ِل ُيم لَ ُه محمد مزيان Mohammed Meziane 107 والقب ُول ِم ْن ُه، ح َّتى ي ِتم ْالح ْكم ِف ِيهم و َع َلي ِهم ِم ْن َغ ِي إِ ْن َك ٍار و َال َت ْز ِي ٍيف.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 the Moroccan Colonial Archive and the Hidden History of Moroccan
    1 The Moroccan Colonial Archive and the Hidden History of Moroccan Resistance Maghreb Review, 40:1 (2014), 108-121. By Edmund Burke III Although the period 1900-1912 was replete with numerous important social upheavals and insurrections, many of which directly threatened the French position in Morocco, none of them generated a contemporaneous French effort to discover what went wrong. Instead, the movements were coded as manifestations of supposedly traditional Moroccan anarchy and xenophobia and as such, devoid of political meaning. On the face of it, this finding is surprising. How could a French policy that billed itself as “scientific imperialism” fail to consider the socio-genesis of Moroccan protest and resistance? Despite its impressive achievements, the Moroccan colonial archive remains haunted by the inability of researchers to pierce the cloud of orientalist stereotypes that occluded their vision of Moroccan society as it actually was. For most historians, the period of Moroccan history between 1900 and 1912 is primarily known as “the Moroccan Question.” A Morocco-centered history of the Moroccan Question was impossible for Europeans to imagine. Moroccan history was of interest only insofar as it shed light on the diplomatic origins of World War I. European diplomats were the main actors in this drama, while Moroccans were pushed to the sidelines or reduced to vulgar stereotypes: the foolish and spendthrift sultan Abd al-Aziz and his fanatic and anarchic people. Such an approach has a degree of plausibility, since the “Moroccan Question” chronology does provide a convenient way of structuring events: the Anglo-French Accord (1904), the landing of the Kaiser at Tangier (1905), the Algeciras conference (1906), the landing of French troops at Casablanca (1907), the Agadir incident (1911) and the signing of the protectorate treaty (1912).
    [Show full text]
  • Jonathan Wyrtzen COLONIAL STATE-BUILDING and THE
    Int. J. Middle East Stud. 43 (2011), 227–249 doi:10.1017/S0020743811000043 Jonathan Wyrtzen COLONIAL STATE- BUILDING AND THE NEGOTIATION OF ARAB AND BERBER IDENTITY IN PROTECTORATE MOROCCO Abstract Colonial state-building in Protectorate Morocco, particularly the total “pacification” of territory and infrastructural development carried out between 1907 and 1934, dramatically transformed the social and political context in which collective identity was imagined in Moroccan society. Prior scholarship has highlighted the struggle between colonial administrators and urban Arabophone nationalist elites over Arab and Berber ethnic classifications used by French officials to make Moroccan society legible in the wake of conquest. This study turns to the understudied question of how rural, tribal communities responded to state- and nation-building processes, drawing on a unique collection of Tamazight (Berber) poetry gathered in the Atlas Mountains to illuminate the multiple levels on which their sense of group identity was negotiated. While studies of identity in the interwar Arab world have concentrated on how Pan-Islamism, Pan-Arabism, and local nationalisms functioned in the Arab East, this article changes the angle of analysis, beginning instead at the margins of the Arab West to explore interactions between the consolidation of nation-sized political units and multivocal efforts to reframe the religious and ethnic parameters of communal solidarity during the colonial period. The complex relationship between Arab and Berber identity is one
    [Show full text]
  • The Nationalist Movement in Morocco and the Struggle for Independence Between Civil Protest and Religious Propaganda (1930-1956)
    31Annali di Ca’ Foscari. Serie orientale [online] ISSN 2385-3042 Vol. 52 – Giugno 2016 [print] ISSN 1125-3789 The Nationalist Movement in Morocco and the Struggle for Independence between Civil Protest and Religious Propaganda (1930-1956) Barbara De Poli (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Abstract In precolonial Morocco, dominated by a sultanate of religious origin (the Alawite dy- nasty), political fault lines referred to clans and guilds, in a social and cultural context firmly based on Islam. To defend its borders against both Ottomans and Europeans, Morocco chose a more closed policy than that current in the Middle East, staying at the edge of the progressive and secularizing reforms which were affecting nineteenth century culture and institutions of other Muslim countries such as Turkey, Egypt and Tunisia (Burke 1972). The treaty of Fes of March 30, 1912, which placed the country under a protectorate (Rivet 1996), profoundly changed this situation, plunging Morocco into modern dynamics. Though the process was doubtless gradual, it's possible to establish the moment when pre-colonial political dialectics gave way to new forms which would lead the country towards new expressions and contents, in the events which followed the publication of the Berber dahir on May 16, 1930. Summary 1 The Berber Dahir and the Birth of Moroccan Nationalism. – 2 Plan de Réformes and Propaganda. – 3 Istiqlal. – 4 Conclusions. Keywords Morocco. Nationalism. Protectorate. Secularism. In precolonial Morocco, dominated by a sultanate of religious origin (the Alawite dynasty),1 political fault lines referred to clans and guilds, in a social and cultural context firmly based on Islam.
    [Show full text]
  • Modern International Legal History of the Conflict Over the Western Sahara
    6 MODERN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL HISTORY OF THE CONFLICT OVER THE WESTERN SAHARA CASE STUDY II-PART 1 INTRODUCTION The Western Sahara is that fringe of the Saharan Desert that is on the coast of the African continent. It includes the areas of Saguiet el-Hamra in the north and Wadi ed Dahab (Rio de Oro) in the south, a total area of 284,000 kilo­ metres. It shares borders with Morocco in the north and Mauritania in the south with a small common border with Algeria. As in the case of most African coun­ tries the borders of the state were agreed to and drawn by the colonial powers France and Spain that ruled the region. Agreements between the two powers signed in 1900, 1904 and 19121 gave the territory of the Western Sahara its current shape. 2 The region is of particular interest to international lawyers studying self-determination and the decolonisation process. As established ear­ lier, the current status of international law with respect to self-determination suggests that it is only valid in situations of 'salt-water' colonialism.3 The Western Sahara is an interesting case since the colonial issue has never been resolved despite the active interest of the international community. A colony of Spain at the time of the decolonisation process, the area, known as the See the Treaty of Fes, 1912 also Rezette R., The Western Sahara and the Frontiers of Morocco (1975) pp. 91-111. 2 For an in-depth discussion of the process leading up to this see generally Rezette, R., (1975) infra n.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Religión Y Control Político-Social: Normas, Instituciones Y Dinámicas Sociales
    Actas del IV Congreso de Estudios sobre Historia, Derecho e Instituciones Religión y control político-social: normas, instituciones y dinámicas sociales Sara Granda Lorenzo Ana Torres García Rocío Velasco de Castro (Coordinadoras) ISBN: 978-84-608-2282-0 Edita: Asociación Veritas para el Estudio de la Historia, el Derecho y las Instituciones (calle Monasterio Santo Domingo de Silos, nº 13, 5º E, (Valladolid, 47.015) Marzo 2016 ÍNDICE Introducción ................................................................................................. 7 SARA GRANDA LORENZO ANA TORRES GARCÍA ROCÍO VELASCO DE CASTRO Las consecuencias patrimoniales de los delitos religiosos en el Derecho castellano ............................................................. 11 MIGUEL PINO ABAD Religión y Derecho en la génesis de la crisis de los Países Bajos: el problema jurisdiccional ...................................................... 33 LEANDRO MARTÍNEZ PEÑAS Religión y control político-social: el caso de la Inquisición española en Sicilia. ........................................................... 49 DANIELE LO CASCIO La potestas directa in temporalibus attraverso il simbolo delle “due spade” nei secoli XII-XIV .......................................................... 65 MICHELE PEPE El valor de uso de los inmuebles del patrimonio cultural eclesiástico, desde las desamortizaciones a la instrucción del expediente de BIC. Estudio de caso: Convento de Madre de Dios de Monteagudo de Antequera .............................................. 83 AURORA ARJONES
    [Show full text]
  • Possessing History
    2016 Possessing History: Contextualizing the Use of Narrative History in Moroccan-Jewish Studies A DIVISION THREE BY: THEODORE SAUL MILLER Under the Advisory Guidance of: Figure 1: A photograph hanging on the wall of the Office Aaron Berman (Co-Chair) Rachel Ama Asaa Engmann (Member) Rachel Rubinstein (Co-Chair) Cover Images, left to right: A photograph from Edmond Gabai’s collection of items left behind by Moroccan Jews leaving in Fes in between 1948-76 (taken by Author, 2016); and a photograph from a Mimouna Celebration in Casablanca in the 1950s (Dafina Archives) Table of Contents: Acknowledgements Chapter 1: Introducing Jewish Moroccan Heritage Section 1.1: Introduction Pages 9-7 Section 1.2: Understanding History and Heritage Pages 10-17 Section 1.3: Framing the Dispute over Moroccan Jewish Heritage Pages 17-27 Section 1.4: Positionality and Methodology Pages 27-35 Chapter 2: Disputed Narratives of the “Historic” Maghreb Section 2.1: Pre-Islamic Morocco (Before 750 CE) Pages 36-43 Section 2:2: The Early Islamic Monarchs (750-1000 CE) Pages 43-51 Section 2.3: The First “Moroccan” Empires (1000-1250 CE) Pages 51-59 Section 2.4: The Marinids and the Mellah (1250-1500 CE) Pages 59-67 Section 2.5: Sharifian Morocco (1500-1800 CE) Pages 67-73 Chapter 3: Narratives of Colonialism, Nationalism, and Oppression Section 3.1: The Nineteenth Century Pages 93-79 Section 3.2: The French Protectorate Era (1912-1925) Pages 79-85 1 |Possessing History Table of Contents (cont.) Section 3.3: Moroccan Nationalism and Judaism (1925-1948) Pages 85-91 Section 3.4: Independence, Zionism, and Emigration.
    [Show full text]
  • Between Caravan and Sultan: the Bayruk of Southern Morocco Studies in the History and Society of the Maghrib
    Between Caravan and Sultan: The Bayruk of Southern Morocco Studies in the History and Society of the Maghrib Series Editors Amira K. Bennison, University of Cambridge Léon Buskens, University of Leiden Houari Touati, École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Paris VOLUME 1 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.nl/shsm Between Caravan and Sultan: The Bayruk of Southern Morocco A Study in History and Identity By Mohamed Hassan Mohamed LEIDEN • BOSTON 2012 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mohamed, Mohamed Hassan, 1959- Between caravan and sultan : the Bayruk of southern Morocco, a study in history and identity / by Mohamed Hassan Mohamed. p. cm. — (Studies in the history and society of the Maghrib ; v.1) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-90-04-18379-7 (hardback : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 90-04-18379-5 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Bayruk family. 2. Group identity—Morocco. 3. Morocco—Civilization. 4. Morocco—Ethnic relations. 5. Morocco—Commerce—History. 6. Caravans—Morocco—History. 7. Slave trade— Morocco—HIstory. I. Title. II. Series: Studies in the history and society of the Maghrib ; v.1. CS1749.B39 2012 305.800964—dc23 2011042138 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.nl/brill-typeface. ISSN 1877-9808 ISBN 978 90 04 18379 7 (hardback) ISBN 978 90 04 18382 7 (e-book) Copyright 2012 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
    [Show full text]
  • Masjid Al-Qarawiyyin Pada Masa Dinasti Alawiyyin Maroko Tahun 1912-1956 M
    MASJID AL-QARAWIYYIN PADA MASA DINASTI ALAWIYYIN MAROKO TAHUN 1912-1956 M SKRIPSI Diajukan kepada Fakultas Adab dan Ilmu budaya UIN Sunan Kalijaga untuk Memenuhi Syarat guna Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Humaniora (S.Hum) Oleh: Zanna Jatatun Karryna Milyar NIM.: 14120061 JURUSAN SEJARAH DAN KEBUDAYAAN ISLAM FAKULTAS ADAB DAN ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA 2020 MOTTO Rasulallah SAW bersabda, “Janganlah (kalian) mengkhususkan melakukan perjalanan (jauh) kecuali menuju tiga masjid, (yaitu) Masjidil Haram (Mekkah), Masjidku (masjid Nabawi Madinah), dan masjid al-Aqsha (Palestina)”. (H.R. Bukhari-Muslim). vi PERSEMBAHAN Untuk: Kedua Orang Tua, Adik, Kakak; Almamaterku Fakultas Adab dan Ilmu Budaya UIN Sunan Kalijaga; Laboratorium UIN Sunan Kalijaga; Keluarga Besar Tapak Suci Tulungagung; Guru karyawan SMAIT Abu Bakar Yogyakarta; vii ABSTRAK MASJID AL-QARAWIYYIN PADA MASA DINASTI ALAWIYYIN MAROKO TAHUN 1912-1947 M Masjid Al-Qarawiyyin adalah masjid yang didirikan oleh seorang muslimah bernama Fatimah Al-Fihri pada masa kerajaan Idrisiyah. Masjid ini tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai tempat ibadah namun juga sebagai tempat menuntut Ilmu. Berlanjut pada generasi berikutnya masjid ini dibina oleh dinasti-dinasti yang silih berganti menguasai Maroko. Berkat dinasti berturut-turut yang mengatur kota Fez, masjid Al Qarawiyyin diperluas hingga menjadi masjid terbesar di Afrika dengan kapasitas 22.000 jama’ah. Sampai pada masa Dinasti Alawiyyin, Masjid Al- Qarawiyyin tetap dibina sesuai fungsinya. Sampai pada masa penjajahan Prancis di Negara Maroko, masjid ini kemudian memainkan perannya sebagai penjaga negara. Ketika kerajaan terdesak dikarenakan penjajahan yang terjadi, masjid ini membantu kerajaan bagi kelancaran kemerdekaan Maroko. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengungkap fakta-fakta mengenai Masjid Al-Qarawiyyin terkhususnya pada masa penjajahan di Maroko.
    [Show full text]
  • MEMORIALS on MOROCCO \ in Ltel't 6T1utfjgfe 1M Fi).£Ifw.Cjtaclj and Fl..Ndep.£Ftdence (DESTOUR) (ISTIQLAL)
    J I Democratic Party of Independence (Hizb Choura_...- Istiqlal) MEMORIALS ON MOROCCO \ in ltel't 6t1UtfJgfe 1M fi).£IfW.CJtaclj and fl..ndep.£ftdence (DESTOUR) (ISTIQLAL) BEFORE RESORTING TO THE U. I. O. Morocco and the Arab League called in vain for , amicable mediation of ·U.S.A. with a view to settling the Moroccan problem . Published by the office of the D. P. 1. English Edition Juanary 1952 THE RESPONSIBiliTIES OF THE UNITED STATES WITH REGARD TO THE MOROCCAN PROBLEM Before appealing to li.N.O. the Arab League decided, during its session of March 1951, to address itself directly to France for a solution of the Moroccan problem. So every member state of the Arab League submitted to the French Government a memorandum on the Moroccan problem. No answer was forthcoming. Since the approaches made by the states of the Arab League separately to the French Government had no result, those states then had recourse to the mediation of a third power with a view to bringing France to envisage a satisfactory solution 'of the Moroccan problem. Here are the very terms in which, during a press conference held in Ihe Palais de Chaillot, H.E. Abdurrahman Azzam Pacha, General Secretary of the Arab League, made public his attempts at a mediation with France, before appealing to D.N.O.: "The Moroccan question", he said, "had been in need of a solution for many years. This was recognised by President Roosevelt in 1942 at Casablanca when he promised the Sultan independence in exchange for the cooperation of his people in the allied cause.
    [Show full text]
  • Morocco Location Geography Climate
    Morocco Location Morocco is unique, in that it is the African country that is closest to Europe. Casablanca, a city near the center of the country is located at 33 degrees, 35’N latitude and 7 degrees, 39’W longitude. The Mediterranean Sea is north of Morocco, while the Atlantic Ocean is to the west, Algeria is to the east and Mauritania is to the south. Geography Mountains, coastal plains, and desert add to the uniqueness of Morocco. Along the northern and western borders are coastal areas and beaches. Many fertile plains, plateaus, and ravines spread beyond the coast. The Rif Mountains are in northern Morocco and run along the Mediterranean coast. The peaks are as tall as 6000 ft. As you move down south, three other mountain ranges can be seen. The first is the Middle Atlas with a variety of river gorges and volcanic craters. In addition, two rivers, the Sebou and the Moulouya, flow adjacent to the range. Following the Middle Atlas Mountains are the High Atlas Mountains. This range has some of the tallest peaks in northern Africa, including, Mt. Toubkal at 13, 670 ft. Finally, the Anti-Atlas Mountain range in southern Morocco, is the shortest, most barren, and least populated of all the ranges. Beyond this range is the endless Sahara desert, which stretches throughout the rest of Morocco. Climate As a result of the varying altitudes across Morocco, as well as the effects of the Atlantic Ocean, the climate varies throughout the country. In northern Morocco, it is generally hot and dry in the summer and cold and wet in the winter.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards a Sociology of Insurgency: Anti- Versus Counter-State Building Jihad in Colonial Morocco’S Atlas and Rif Mountains
    DO NOT CITE OR REPRODUCE WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM AUTHOR Towards a Sociology of Insurgency: Anti- versus Counter-State Building Jihad in Colonial Morocco’s Atlas and Rif Mountains Jonathan Wyrtzen Sociology Yale University AUTHOR’S NOTE: This paper builds off two Chapters about rural resistanCe movements in my first book manusCript, Making Morocco: Colonial State-Building and the Struggle to Define the Nation. In this paper I am testing the theoretiCal and methodologiCal groundwork for the next larger study tentatively titled Interwar Imperialism and Insurgency. A major goal is to relativize the seemingly apparent normative logiC of the territorial modern state by examining a critical hinge moment of ContingenCy in its historiCal development, the deCade after the postwar map was drawn at the Paris PeaCe ConferenCe in 1919. During the 1920s, European imperial powers attempted a massive “enClosure movement” (Scott 2009) across North AfriCa and the Middle East, attempting to realize the postwar map on the ground. In these efforts to eliminate non- state space in territories put under their control, FrenCh, British, Spanish, and Italians state- builders all faCed fierCe tribal insurgenCies in MoroCCo’s Atlas and Rif ranges, Libya’s Cyrenaica, Syria’a Jbel Druze, and the Kurdish highlands of Iraq (with Ataturk dealing with Eastern Anatolia). The study will work out different typologies of anti-state and Counter-state building resistanCe, differentiating the social and physical resources, networks, military strategies, and ideologies expressed in these movements. This will include an analysis of “insurgenCy” from below that includes the voiCes, subjeCtivities, and agencies of these aCtors. One of the more broader theoretiCal aims is not just to work out how to do a sociology of insurgency, but also how to do it with an ethiCal reflexively in light contemporary concerns about “threats” emanating from non-state spaces in almost exactly these same geographies.
    [Show full text]
  • Livre Brassage Amazigh Hassanifinal.Pdf
    䰀䔀 䈀刀䄀匀匀䄀䜀䔀 䐀䔀 䰀䄀 䌀唀䰀吀唀刀䔀 䄀䴀䄀娀䤀䜀䠀䔀 䔀吀 䐀䔀 䰀䄀 䌀唀䰀吀唀刀䔀 䠀䄀匀匀䄀一䤀䔀 䰀攀甀爀 刀攀氀愀琀椀漀渀 愀瘀攀挀 氀攀猀 䌀甀氀琀甀爀攀猀 匀甀戀ⴀ匀愀栀愀爀椀攀渀渀攀猀 匀漀甀猀 氀愀 䐀椀爀攀挀琀椀漀渀 搀攀 㨀 䴀漀栀愀 䔀渀渀愀樀椀 䠀漀洀 洀 愀最攀 䜀栀椀琀愀 䔀氀 䬀栀愀礀愀琀 ☀ 䴀椀挀栀愀攀氀 倀攀礀爀漀渀 伀甀瘀爀愀最攀 瀀甀戀氀椀 瀀愀爀 氀攀 䌀攀渀琀爀攀 匀甀搀 一漀爀搀 瀀漀甀爀 氀攀 䐀椀愀氀漀最甀攀 䤀渀琀攀爀挀甀氀琀甀爀攀氀 攀琀 氀攀猀 䔀琀甀搀攀猀 猀甀爀 氀愀 䴀椀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀瘀攀挀 氀攀 䌀漀渀挀漀甀爀猀 搀攀 氀愀 刀最椀漀渀 䘀猀ⴀ䈀漀甀氀攀洀 愀渀攀 LE BRASSAGE DE LA CULTURE AMAZIGHE ET DE LA CULTURE HASSANIE Leur Relation avec les Cultures Sub- sahariennes Sous la Direction de Moha Ennaji Hommage à Ghita El Khayat et Michael Peyron Ouvrage publié par le Centre Sud Nord pour le Dialogue Interculturel et les Etudes sur la Migration avec le Concours de la Région Fès-Boulemane LE BRASSAGE DE LA CULTURE AMAZIGHE ET DE LA CULTURE HASSANIE Leur Relation avec les Cultures Sub- sahariennes Sous la Direction de Moha Ennaji Hommage à Ghita El Khayat et Michael Peyron Ouvrage publié par le Centre Sud Nord pour le Dialogue Interculturel et les Etudes sur la Migration avec le Concours de la Région Fès-Boulemane Titre de l’ouvrage : Le brassage de la culture amazighe et de la culture hassanie Série : Colloques et Séminaires Direction : Moha Ennaji Editeurs : Centre Sud Nord Tirage : Imprimerie IPN, Fès Copyright : ©Réservé à Moha Ennaji Dépôt légal : 2016MO2083 ISBN : 978-9954-9089-6-2 1ère édition : 2016 TABLE DES MATIERES Moha Ennaji Introduction………………………………………………….……... 1 Fatima Boukhris Témoignage en l’honneur du Professeur Michael Peyron ….……7 Jean Ferrari Témoignage en l’honneur du Docteur Rita El Khayat……….….11 Anissa Derrazi Témoignage en l’honneur du Docteur Rita El Khayat…………..13 Michael Peyron Allocution………………………………………..…………....…….19 Rita El Khayat Allocution…………………………………………………..………..21 Amazighité, Langues et Identités Maati Kabbal Le Paradigme Amazigh de Fès……………………………………..29 Moha Souag Agora……………..………………………….
    [Show full text]