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Livre Brassage Amazigh Hassanifinal.Pdf 䰀䔀 䈀刀䄀匀匀䄀䜀䔀 䐀䔀 䰀䄀 䌀唀䰀吀唀刀䔀 䄀䴀䄀娀䤀䜀䠀䔀 䔀吀 䐀䔀 䰀䄀 䌀唀䰀吀唀刀䔀 䠀䄀匀匀䄀一䤀䔀 䰀攀甀爀 刀攀氀愀琀椀漀渀 愀瘀攀挀 氀攀猀 䌀甀氀琀甀爀攀猀 匀甀戀ⴀ匀愀栀愀爀椀攀渀渀攀猀 匀漀甀猀 氀愀 䐀椀爀攀挀琀椀漀渀 搀攀 㨀 䴀漀栀愀 䔀渀渀愀樀椀 䠀漀洀 洀 愀最攀 䜀栀椀琀愀 䔀氀 䬀栀愀礀愀琀 ☀ 䴀椀挀栀愀攀氀 倀攀礀爀漀渀 伀甀瘀爀愀最攀 瀀甀戀氀椀 瀀愀爀 氀攀 䌀攀渀琀爀攀 匀甀搀 一漀爀搀 瀀漀甀爀 氀攀 䐀椀愀氀漀最甀攀 䤀渀琀攀爀挀甀氀琀甀爀攀氀 攀琀 氀攀猀 䔀琀甀搀攀猀 猀甀爀 氀愀 䴀椀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀瘀攀挀 氀攀 䌀漀渀挀漀甀爀猀 搀攀 氀愀 刀最椀漀渀 䘀猀ⴀ䈀漀甀氀攀洀 愀渀攀 LE BRASSAGE DE LA CULTURE AMAZIGHE ET DE LA CULTURE HASSANIE Leur Relation avec les Cultures Sub- sahariennes Sous la Direction de Moha Ennaji Hommage à Ghita El Khayat et Michael Peyron Ouvrage publié par le Centre Sud Nord pour le Dialogue Interculturel et les Etudes sur la Migration avec le Concours de la Région Fès-Boulemane LE BRASSAGE DE LA CULTURE AMAZIGHE ET DE LA CULTURE HASSANIE Leur Relation avec les Cultures Sub- sahariennes Sous la Direction de Moha Ennaji Hommage à Ghita El Khayat et Michael Peyron Ouvrage publié par le Centre Sud Nord pour le Dialogue Interculturel et les Etudes sur la Migration avec le Concours de la Région Fès-Boulemane Titre de l’ouvrage : Le brassage de la culture amazighe et de la culture hassanie Série : Colloques et Séminaires Direction : Moha Ennaji Editeurs : Centre Sud Nord Tirage : Imprimerie IPN, Fès Copyright : ©Réservé à Moha Ennaji Dépôt légal : 2016MO2083 ISBN : 978-9954-9089-6-2 1ère édition : 2016 TABLE DES MATIERES Moha Ennaji Introduction………………………………………………….……... 1 Fatima Boukhris Témoignage en l’honneur du Professeur Michael Peyron ….……7 Jean Ferrari Témoignage en l’honneur du Docteur Rita El Khayat……….….11 Anissa Derrazi Témoignage en l’honneur du Docteur Rita El Khayat…………..13 Michael Peyron Allocution………………………………………..…………....…….19 Rita El Khayat Allocution…………………………………………………..………..21 Amazighité, Langues et Identités Maati Kabbal Le Paradigme Amazigh de Fès……………………………………..29 Moha Souag Agora……………..………………………….. ……....…….….…….31 Ieme van der Poel Langue maternelle, identité et écriture………………………...…..33 Jean-Marie Simon Sahara : Portrait en Amour d’une Lumière qui se Donne …..….39 Amazighité et Hassania Amadou Lamine Sall Amazighité et Hassania: dimension civilisationnelle………….….45 Jilali Saib La dimension amazighe dans la culture hassanie du Sud du Maroc et le brassage des cultures ……..………..….…..……..49 Keith Martin Interactions between Morocco and the Mali Empire: Past and Present…………………………………………….………77 Moha Ennaji Historical and Contemporary Collaboration between Morocco and Sub-Saharan Africa………………..….…105 Amazighité et Cultures Sub-sahariennes Adamou Aboubacar Les Migrations et Caravanes touarègues dans l’Intégration Régionale de l’Afrique Précoloniale…………………………..….113 Madina Touré Inter culturalité arabo-berbère et négro-africaine dans l’espace mauritanien………………………………………………117 Noura Tigziri L’organisation sociale en Kabylie face aux différentes occupations …………………..……………..……133 Ramdane Boukherouf Etude Comparative entre le Kabyle et le Touareg du Niger……139 Moussa Imarazene Les Toponymes Kabyles : Fondements et Origines…………..…147 Ines Kohl The Tuareg: merchants, smugglers and brokers connecting Maghreb, Sahara, and Sahel……………………………………..159 Kwesi Kwaa Prah Amazigh Culture in Africa……………………………………….179 Amazighité et Diversité Culturelle Mohand Tilmatine Le rôle des Amazighes dans Al-Andalus: Approche bibliographique………..................………………….…...….…185 Juliane Tauchnitz Langue maternelle, identité et écriture: El menorde Mohamed Bouissef Rekab – un récit de la « magrebidad » ?...............................................................................215 Yasmina El Haddad Le conte du désert » : une célébration de diversité culturelle dans El indiano, el kadí y la luna (1951) d’Isaac Benarroch Pinto …………………………………….………….…..227 Introduction Moha Ennaji La Fondation Esprit de Fès, le Centre Sud Nord et l'Association Fès Saïs ont organisé en partenariat avec l'Institut Royal de la Culture Amazighe et le soutien de la Fondation BMCE Bank et de Maroc Telecom la dixième édition du Festival de la culture amazighe les 5, 6 et 7 septembre 2014 au Palais des Congrès à Fès. A cette occasion, un congrès international a été tenu sur le thème "Le Brassage des Cultures Amazighe et Hassanie et leur Relation avec les Cultures de l'Afrique Sub-saharienne". Le congrès dont nous sommes heureux de publier les actes a été animé par des experts et des chercheurs nationaux et internationaux. Le point fort de cet ouvrage est l’accent mis sur la signification historique, sociale et civilisationnelle du brassage culturel des langues amazighe et hassanie, qui font partie intégrante de l'identité nationale marocaine et maghrébine, et sur le rôle de la culture dans le processus de développement et de démocratisation. Les deux cultures amazighe et hassanie qui sont des piliers de la diversité culturelle au Maroc ont un grand impact sur le mode de vie de la population marocaine, sur les coutumes et les traditions de toute la société. Ce brassage entre les différents aspects de la culture marocaine a crée une symbiose et une richesse culturelle remarquable qui caractérise le Maroc d’aujourd’hui. Ce collectif vise à nous éclairer sur l’impact positif que le multiculturalisme en général et le brassage culturel amazigh-hassani en particulier peut avoir sur la démocratie, le développement durable et la sauvegarde du patrimoine. L’un de ses objectifs principaux est de donner une approche globale et scientifique au rôle du multiculturalisme et de la démocratie au Maroc et en Afrique et de mettre en valeur son apport au développement. Il veut également rendre visible et faire vivre l’impact positif du multiculturalisme aux niveaux économique, social et culturel, et de réfléchir aux moyens à mettre en œuvre pour promouvoir la culture dans toutes ses manifestations. Un autre objectif de ce collectif est de discuter de la situation linguistique et culturelle dans la région, et d’approfondir le débat sur la diversité culturelle, notamment dans les pays du Maghreb et du Sahel. Il propose des alternatives capables de développer et d'approfondir le dialogue entre les cultures, la tolérance et la communication constructive entre les pays du Maghreb et d'Afrique. Les auteurs examinent les cultures principales des pays 1 Moha Ennaji maghrébins surtout hassanie et amazighe, mais aussi judaïque, chrétienne, andalouse, espagnole et française. Ce collectif vise également à contribuer au débat actuel sur la mondialisation des échanges culturels et scientifiques Sud-Sud, et aussi au débat sur des concepts tels que «nation», «identité», «diversité » et « interculturalité ». Ce sont des concepts qui ont besoin d’être réévalués et redéfinis dans le cadre du respect de la diversité des cultures. Les domaines de la culture et de la littérature, l'art et les médias sont sensibles au débat historique mais utiles à la compréhension sociale et culturelle et à l'analyse indépendante et objective. Ce collectif contribue à comprendre la diversité culturelle et les questions d'immigration et des minorités religieuses et culturelles qui sont devenues d'une importance capitale, étant donné que le respect de la diversité culturelle réduit les tensions et l'extrémisme et soutient la paix sociale et la coexistence. Le présent ouvrage met l'accent sur la signification historique et sociale de la culture amazighe et son rôle dans la compréhension de l'histoire et le renforcement des échanges culturels et de la coexistence. Il s'agit d’adopter une approche homogène permettant le renforcement du dialogue interculturel, de la paix sociale et la culture démocratique. Résumés des chapitres Maati Kabbal évoque l’historique de l’amazighité au Maroc et fait le point sur le rôle du festival de la culture amazighe de Fès et les acquis de la cause amazighe. Moha Souag affirme que le monde subit des transformations importantes et il est devenu ouvert à toutes les influences, des plus néfastes aux plus bénéfiques, d’où l’importance du dialogue, du partage et du débat pour contrecarrer la violence. Ieme van der Poel révèle que dans les textes écrits par des auteurs marocains partageant la même langue et culture d’origine mais qui écrivent dans des langues européennes différentes, le plurilinguisme peut être interprété comme une allusion subtile à un fonds culturel partagé. Jean-Marie Simon contribue avec un beau poème sur les lumières du Sahara retraçant son expérience et son dialogue avec les nomades amazighs dans le sud est marocain. Amadou Lamine Sall évoque l’importance symbolique de la culture et de l’identité. Il fait l’éloge de l’expérience marocaine pour la préservation du patrimoine culturel. Il affirme que pour sauvegarder la paix dans le monde, il faut que chaque peuple préserve son ou ses identités, c'est-à-dire ses cultures, ses origines, ses racines, ses filiations. Le dialogue des cultures n’exclut pas d’être soi-même. 2 Introduction Jilali Saib décrit la dimension amazighe dans la culture hassanie du Sud du Maroc et le brassage des cultures . Il souligne que la base amazighe de l’origine des populations du Sahara est encore plus forte parmi les tribus maraboutiques ( zawaya) de la Mauritanie du sud. Certaines d’entre elles étaient venues du Souss pendant le XIVème siècle, et donc sont d’origine amazighe Tachelhit. Keith Martin discute des interactions entre le Maroc et le Mali à travers l’histoire. Le chapitre se concentre sur l'organisation et le développement de la dynastie marocaine et les dirigeants de l’Empire du Mali au cours du 14ème au 17ème. Au 14ème siècle, le Maroc met davantage l'accent sur le Maghreb et l'Espagne. Ceci est une des raisons pour Ibn Khaldoun de faire quelques commentaires sur l'Empire du Mali, et pour Ibn Battuta de visiter l'Empire du Mali. Moha Ennaji évoque la collaboration historique et contemporaine entre le Maroc et l’Afrique Sub-Saharienne. Il affirme que la politique du Maroc envers l'Afrique fait partie d'une stratégie pour renforcer son rôle comme un allié du développement politique, économique, et culturel sur le continent. Adamou Aboubacar souligne le rôle important des migrations et caravanes touarègues dans l’intégration régionale de l’Afrique Précoloniale. L’auteur évoque que cette intégration économique et sociale témoigne de la nécessité de développer les échanges et de sauvegarder les cultures aujourd’hui plus que jamais menacées.
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