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Religión Y Control Político-Social: Normas, Instituciones Y Dinámicas Sociales

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Religión Y Control Político-Social: Normas, Instituciones Y Dinámicas Sociales Actas del IV Congreso de Estudios sobre Historia, Derecho e Instituciones Religión y control político-social: normas, instituciones y dinámicas sociales Sara Granda Lorenzo Ana Torres García Rocío Velasco de Castro (Coordinadoras) ISBN: 978-84-608-2282-0 Edita: Asociación Veritas para el Estudio de la Historia, el Derecho y las Instituciones (calle Monasterio Santo Domingo de Silos, nº 13, 5º E, (Valladolid, 47.015) Marzo 2016 ÍNDICE Introducción ................................................................................................. 7 SARA GRANDA LORENZO ANA TORRES GARCÍA ROCÍO VELASCO DE CASTRO Las consecuencias patrimoniales de los delitos religiosos en el Derecho castellano ............................................................. 11 MIGUEL PINO ABAD Religión y Derecho en la génesis de la crisis de los Países Bajos: el problema jurisdiccional ...................................................... 33 LEANDRO MARTÍNEZ PEÑAS Religión y control político-social: el caso de la Inquisición española en Sicilia. ........................................................... 49 DANIELE LO CASCIO La potestas directa in temporalibus attraverso il simbolo delle “due spade” nei secoli XII-XIV .......................................................... 65 MICHELE PEPE El valor de uso de los inmuebles del patrimonio cultural eclesiástico, desde las desamortizaciones a la instrucción del expediente de BIC. Estudio de caso: Convento de Madre de Dios de Monteagudo de Antequera .............................................. 83 AURORA ARJONES FERNÁNDEZ La Tecnocracia franquista: Un derivado específico de la tradición neo-reaccionaria española y europea ............................................ 101 ROBERTO LÓPEZ TORRIJOS Instituciones políticas del franquismo: el Consejo del Reino ...................... 117 ISABEL MARTÍNEZ NAVAS Enseñanza militar y catolicismo en España (1982-1991) ............................ 135 ISABEL ADÉ PORTERO La objeción de conciencia en México: su relación con el dereho a la salud en el sistema interamericano de derechos humanos ................................................................................... 149 MAGDA YADIRA ROBLES GARZA ÓSCAR FLORES TORRES Política, religión e identidad nacional: La evolución de la imagen del islamista en el cine árabe .................................................. 169 ANA TORRES GARCÍA Religión y guerra. La utilización de la propaganda religiosa en el cine bélico de la II Guerra Mundial ...................................... 183 DAVID BRAVO DÍAZ La representación de conflictos sectarios en el cine contemporáneo: el caso norirlandés ............................................................. 193 ERIKA PRADO RUBIO Uso científico y social de la tradición islámica: la Medicina del Profeta ................................................................................ 213 MARIAM GRACIA-MECHBAL Los cadíes de Bilād Šinqīṭ: el cadiazgo en una sociedad nómada y su relación con el poder del emir ................................................ 229 AHMED SALEM OULD MOHAMED BABA Política y religión en el ideario nacionalista marroquí ................................ 241 ROCÍO VELASCO DE CASTRO El poder ejecutivo y la tradición del Emirato al-Mu’minin en el reino de Marruecos ........................................................ 259 ABDESSAMAD HALMI BERRABAH INTRODUCCIÓN Sara Granda, Ana Torres y Rocío Velasco En este cuarto volumen de Estudios sobre Historia, Derecho e Instituciones, el factor religioso y su articulación como herramienta de control político-social ha actuado como elemento vertebrador de los dieciséis textos que lo conforman. La transversalidad e interdisciplinariedad de los trabajos dedicados a las normas, instituciones y dinámicas sociales en torno a las que se ejerce dicho control muestran una cohesión interna a lo largo de cinco bloques temáticos. En el primero, dedicado a la Inquisición, se abordan los efectos de esta institución en el derecho castellano, la formación de los Países Bajos y el control de la sociedad siciliana. Así, el trabajo del profesor Miguel Pino Abad, de la Universidad de Córdoba, que lleva por título “Las consecuencias patrimoniales de los delitos religiosos en el Derecho castellano”, analiza la competencia de la jurisdicción real en la persecución de ciertas faltas de naturaleza estrictamente religiosa, en el contexto del sistema teocrático propio del Antiguo Régimen, que atribuía a la Corona la defensa de la Fe Católica. Por su parte, el profesor Leandro Martínez Peñas, de la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, estudia en “Religión y Derecho en la génesis de los Países Bajos: el problema jurisdiccional” la problemática cuestión del engarce de la legislación antiherética en el marco de la integración de los Países Bajos en la Monarquía Hispánica, al convertirse en rey de la misma Carlos V, en el año 1516. La tercera aportación, a cargo del profesor Daniele Lo Cascio, de la Universitá degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, analiza en “Religión y control político-social: el caso de la Inquisición española en Sicilia” los elementos que caracterizaron el tribunal del Santo Oficio en el reino de Sicilia. Para ello se sirve del estudio de los autos de fe que se celebraron durante los tres siglos de presencia del Santo Oficio en la isla. Respecto al Catolicismo, es objeto de cinco estudios, dos centrados en la institución eclesiástica y otros tres que analizan su relación con la ideología y las estructuras políticas y militares del franquismo. Dentro del primer grupo, Michele Pepe, profesor de la Universidad de Roma, ofrece un exhaustivo estudio sobre la génesis, evolución e instrumentalización de la teoría “de las dos espadas”, correspondientes al poder material y espiritual, y su alcance ISBN 978-84-608-2282-0 7-10 8 Sara Granda, Ana Torres y Rocío Velasco político, religioso y militar durante los siglos XII-XIV, de trascendentales consecuencias para el fortalecimiento del Papado y el devenir del resto de la Cristiandad medieval. Como contrapunto, Aurora Arjones, profesora de la Universidad de Málaga, nos acerca a la arquitectura religiosa en “El valor de uso de los inmuebles del patrimonio cultural eclesiástico, desde las desamortizaciones a la instrucción del expediente de BIC. Estudio de caso: Convento de Madre de Dios de Monteagudo de Antequera”, poniendo de manifiesto la escasez en España de comunidades religiosas residentes desde finales del siglo XX y el consiguiente desmantelamiento de los edificios. Las carencias de las políticas públicas destinadas a la conservación del Patrimonio y las no siempre fluidas relaciones con los responsables eclesiásticos confluyen en algunas ocasiones en situaciones como las que se analizan en el texto y para las que se realizan un conjunto de propuestas de mejora. Inaugurando las relaciones entre la iglesia católica española y el franquismo, Roberto López, investigador y miembro de la asociación Veritas, realiza un acercamiento a “La Tecnocracia franquista: Un derivado específico de la tradición neo-reaccionaria española y europea” en el que subraya la influencia de los principios de la moral católica en la formulación ideológica de muchos de los tecnócratas del tardofranquismo, cuyas raíces se remontan a la II República con Ramiro de Maeztu y su revista “Acción Española”. En el ámbito jurídico e institucional, la profesora de la Universidad de La Rioja, Isabel Martínez Navas, profundiza en “Instituciones políticas del franquismo: el Consejo del Reino” en el estudio de dicha institución que, desde 1947, se convirtió en un órgano asesor de la Jefatura del Estado y que, veinte años después, añadiría a sus atribuciones la de control de la legalidad constitucional, asumiendo la tramitación y propuesta de resolución del denominado “recurso de contrafuero”. En el terreno militar, Isabel Adé Portero, de la Universidad de Zaragoza, incide en su contribución titulada “Enseñanza militar y catolicismo en España (1982-1991)” en cómo desde 1939 el Ejército se autoerigió garante de las que el franquismo consideraba “esencias nacionales”, entre las cuales destacaba el catolicismo, y plantea si esa relación se mantuvo una vez instaurada la democracia mediante el análisis de la enseñanza militar. La presencia de Hispanoamérica corre a cargo de los profesores Magda Yadira Robles y Óscar Flores Torres, de la Universidad de Monterrey, con una investigación titulada “La objeción de conciencia en México: su relación con el derecho a la salud en el sistema interamericano de derechos humanos”, en la que estudian los postulados antirreligiosos que recoge el texto constitucional mexicano y que lo han llevado a ser considerado el más anticlerical entre las constituciones sociales del mundo. ISBN 978-84-608-2282-0 7-10 Introducción 9 El cuarto bloque, compuesto por tres estudios, se centra en el reflejo del poder político y del papel de la religión en la cinematografía contemporánea. Ana Torres García, profesora de la Universidad de Sevilla, identifica en “Política, religión e identidad nacional: La evolución de la imagen del islamista en el cine árabe” los factores políticos y socio-económicos que desde principios de los años 90 determinan la proyección de una determinada imagen del islamista y cómo esto se asocia a los procesos de construcción de identidades nacionales de los países árabes con las principales cintas de Egipto y Argelia como ejemplo. Por su parte, David Bravo López, de la Universidad de Valladolid, analiza en “Religión y Guerra. La utilización de la propaganda religiosa en el cine bélico de la II Guerra Mundial”
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