LkiūvošnactonaUn^ į u Maivydo bibliotekai

4545 WEST 63rd STREET • CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60629 TEL.: 312-585-9500 * FAX.: 312-585-8284 • [email protected] THE FRIEND

VOLUME 1, NUMBER 5 ENGLISH EDITION Saturday, October 5, 1996

Central and East European Preparing For the Elections

Coalition Honors Legislators of Vilnius, Sept. 18 — According of the right-vving forces vvas not to the Department of Press and created through the fault of the The Year Public Relations, the Central author of the idea, Valdas Election Committee announced Adamkus, the famous American On September 19, the Central Chairman Gilman also up- the lists of the candidates of environmental activist of and East European Coalition holds the advancement of efforts political parties and organiza- Lithuanian decent. The state­ (CEEC), of vvhich, the Joint Bal­ in Central and Eastern Europe. tions nominated for the elec­ ment also says that the Lithua­ tic American National Commit­ He said he supports an assistan- tions in multi-mandate and nian Political Prisoners Party tee (JBANC) is a member, held ce program in the nevvly in- single-mandate constituencies. shall not participate in the elec­ a reception in the Dirksen Sena­ dependent countries, targeted at In the 20th of October elections tions to the Seimas. te OfFice Building to honor Se­ those most in need. The Chair- to the Seimas vvill participate 24 The Lithuanian Polish Elec­ natore Mitch McConnell (R-KY), man’s leadership vvas crucial for political parties and organi- tion Action shall take part in and Barbara Mikulskį (D-MD), the passage of the NATO Enlar- zations. the election together vvith Rus­ and Representatives Richard gement Facilitation Act of 1996. Only one coalition vvas esta- sian and Belorussian sočiai Durbin (D-IL) and Benjamin A representative from the Hun­ blished to take part in these organizations. The candidates Gilman (R-NY), Chairman of garian American Coalition said elections, vvhich vvas created by shall represent 12 sočiai the House International Rela­ Gilman’s vision of peace, stabili- the Democrats Party and Na- organizations, among them six tions Committee, for their sup- ty, and democracy throughout tionalists Union. The Political Polish, five Russian and one port of freedom, democracy, and Europe also serve the national Prisoners and Deportees Union Belorussian. From among the development of free market eco- interest of the U.S.' vvhich vvas planning to join the 1.347 candidates to the mem­ nomies for the people of Central The Ukrainian National Asso­ coalition on the lašt minute bers of the Seimas, only the elec­ decided to participate in the and Eastern Europe. The CEEC ciation commended Senator tion poster of Kazimiera Prun­ election independently. is an 18 member organization McConnell for assisting the skienė, Chairperson of Women’s Lithuania’s National Martynas Mažvydas Library Building in Vilnius. The statement issued by the vvhich represents 22 million peoples of the region. McConnell Party, bears indication that she Lithuanian Political Prisoner Americans vvho trace their remarked hovv the CEEC has in- collaborated vvith the KGB. Party says that the association heritage to the region. fluenced public perception of the The CEEC organizations in- countries as independent na- Lithuanian Servicemen Serve observe control posts, and patrol troduced the Congressional lea- tions, he stated, “The Coalition on the roads, bridges and store- ders, including: the Hungarian is advocating vvhat is right for in Bosnia houses. VRK Interrupts Delivery of American Coalition, the Ukrai- America.” McConnell vvas in­ The BALTBAT Latvian com­ nian National Association, the Copenhagen, October 1 The BALTBAT Lithuania Ballot Papers strumentai in the Russian troop pany is to be included in the Polish American Congress, and vvithdravval from the Baltics by (ELTA) — Approximately half of company is to carry out the mis­ sion in Bosnia vvithin the Svvedish battalion vvhereas, the Mati Koiva on behalf of the offering an amendment on the Baltic peacekeeping battalion Vilnius, Oct 1 (ELTA) — The sions vvere due to receive ballot (BALTBAT) Lithuanian company Danish battalion. The ser­ Estonian servicemen have to Estcnian American National Senate floor in mid summer of Lithuanian Chief election Com- and referendum papers until vicemen are to be stationed in start a mission in Lebanon Council and JBANC. ‘94, vvhich cut foreign aid for servicemen are to leave Den- mission (VRK) for the time be­ this Saturday. the šame location as the fourth vvithin the Norvvegian battalion. Koiva recognized Congress- Russia until their troops vvere mark on Wednesday for Bosnia ing interrupted delivery of bal­ The first election tour on Oc­ peacekeepers platoon LITPLA-4 man Durbin as a legislation out of the Baltics. The Russian vvhere they are due to launch a Subseąuent to the above-men- lot papers to the Lithuanian tober 20 is to encompass a vvhich already finished its vvho has demonstrated a long troops vvithdrevv in late August NATO peacekeeping mission. tioned missions, the peacekee­ diplomatic mission abroad. referendum on three constitu- mission. commitment to the sovereignty of‘94. The remaining peacekeepers pers of three Baltic States are to VRK leasers motivated this by tional amendments providing are scheduled to join them next Near Duboi situa'ed more take part in peacekeeping mis- of the region. Koiva stated, “In Senator Mikulskį vvas ack- a vvould-be Seimas decision on for cutting of MPs number from Monday. than 100 kilometrpq Tmlo ”ions independently st^rting the early 1980’s Durbin brought novvledged by the Polish Ame­ inclusion of Severai more con- 141 to 111, establishment of a Lithuanian servicemen led by the Lithuanian company is to from next autumn. many of his colleagues to lead rican Congress for her outstan- stitutional amendments in a fixed parliamentary election Major Vladimir Bieliauskas the demands in Congress for ding Service to the area. referendum to be held at the date and allocation of no less stayed in Denmark for tvvo freedom for the Baltic people. In Mikulskį thanked the Coalition šame time as a parliamentary than half of budget funds to months vvhere they received ad­ 1990 Lithuania scheduled its for being united in a cause to en- election. sočiai needs. ditional training in Viborg first free elctions. Durbin travel- sure freedom and ecnomic sta- UN Report on Sočiai Standards VRK chairman Zenonas Vai- Recently Seimas agricultural polygon. ed to Lithuania to congratulate bility in Central and Eastern in Lithuania gauskas told ELTA that a commission put forvvard one Vytautas Landsbergis and the previously dravvn-up schedule more issue for inclusion in the Europe. The Senator stated, Dutch-Lithuanian other Lithuanian freedom fight- “Novv that the Cold War is over, shovved that all diplomatic mis­ above-mentioned referendum, ers on their election victory.” i.e. sale of land to legal entities. greater challenges lie ahead. Agreement Between tion, crime rate, environment, Durbin said he vvas proud to Vilnius, Sept 25 (ELTA) — In A positive decision reąuires no We have to be sure these na- sočiai care, municipal reform ai lovvs to expect a grovvth of have played a part in lifting the Defence Ministries Lithuania children’s health is less than one third of MPs votes. tions never again endure vvhat and employment market. GDP next year. Iron Curtain. Novv there are op- grovving vvorse, the inerement of The Conservatives faction they vvent through [under a Amsterdam/Vilnius, Oct 1 The report statės that Lithua­ Lithuanian Sočiai Care and portunities for building nevv population is further decreasing also offered to include a regula- dominant force].” We mušt nian people lack dvvelling space. Labour Minister Mindaugas Mi­ alliances vvith those countries (ELTA) — The Netherlands vvill and the labour market is not tion on principles for further vvork together in a nonpar- be the eight NATO country to reliable. So statės the UN report The country’s public transport kaila noted that such report that share our vision of demo­ tisan manner, she concluded. vvould enable Lithuanian people privatization and restoration of cracy and free market econo- conclude a cooperation agree­ on the Lithuanian sočiai de­ system is insufficiently develo- lošt bank deposits though no for­ (JBANC) ment betvveen defence structu- velopment. ped, and it does not have enough to acknovvledge the existance of mies, he stated. problems and try to find Solu­ mai application vvas submitted res vvith Lithuania. This vvas already the second means of communication or In­ yet. Baltic Assembly To Be Called Lithuanina Defence Minister survey by UN Development formation. tions. “Maybe this book vvill become the Nevv Testament būt Vaigauskas noted that a deci­ Linas Linkevičius sėt off on a Program (UNDP). The first The document also indicated sion of parliament te nupple- in Riga trip to the Nertherlands on that the living standards of vve vvill find it useful in our 1995 report focused on a five- ment the existing referendum Tuesday vvhere he and Dutch vvork,’’ Mr. Mikaila stated. year independence period Li­ many people in the country is items could cause some dif- Vilnius, Oct 2 (ELTA) - The Deputy director of statistics sembly presidium, vice- Defence Minister Joris Voor- thuania. Next year such a docu­ štili rather lovv. A gap betvveen ficulties to VRK vvhich vvould ninth Baltic Assembly session department Petras Adlis said chairman of Lithuanian Seimas hoeve signed a memorandum on ment vvill highlight poverty the rich and the poor, tovvn and have to print nevv referendum to focus on the Baltic States rural dvvellers is very big in the Lithuania itself did not yet Egidijus Bičkauskas told ELTA bilateral defence structures con- reasons and suggest means to ballot papers all the more as less tacts and cooperation. create a fu 11 database necessary cooperation in the EU context, that the planned session vvas overcome it. Lithuania, UNDP statės. and less time vvas left before discussion of a common labour for a report of such type, scheduled to adopt a document The officials of Lithuanian This year report covers 14 UN report says that the only election. market creation, and border and containing the assembly posi- defence ministry told ELTA chapters consisting of Lithua­ positive factor in the country is moreover, the available Infor­ custom8 policy is to be called on tion on NATO expansion. that during the above-mentio- nian macroeconomics, trans- appearance of the first signs of mation did not alvvays meet In­ Saturday in Riga. Novv the document might be ned meeting Voorhoeve inform- port, Communications, educa­ macroeconomics stability vvhich ternational standards. Lithuanian Lecturer Vice-chairman of Baltic As- supplemented and passed in the ed Linkevičius about the plans to Attend a of the Netherlands to hand some form of an address to NATO Conference In Beijing countries, as it vvas vvorked out Communications eąuipment to Baltics Not In First before the statement made by Lithuania as a future assistance Vilnius, Oct 1 (ELTA) — the US Defense Secretary Wil- to International peacekeeping Round Of NATO Chairman of Lithuanian liam Perry on possibilities of training centre in Lithuania Science Academy technical divi- Expansion Baltic States to join the Nor­ Rukla tovvn. sion academician Algirdas Žu­ thern alliance. Both ministere exchanged opi- kauskas headed for China on The Riga session expects nion on NATO expansion and US Defense Secretary Wil- Tuesday vvhere he is due to read heated discussions on abolish- the results of the alliance liam Perry stated on September defence ministere meeting in a report at the lOth globai con­ 27 that the Baltic statės are not ment of death penalty in the ference on heat exchange issues, Baltic States as MPs of three Bergen. ready to join NATO in the first as vvell as to give leetures in countries intend to express a During a four-day stay in the round of countries admitted to Severai educational institutions key position to continue the Netherlands Linkevičius is to be the alliance. He told a nevvs con- in Beijing. launched trend on condition escorted by officials from Lithua­ ference, after a meeting of Žukauskas is knovvn as one of that certain terma — reduction nian defence ministry and de­ NATO Defense Ministere ir Ber­ the best experts in heat ex- of crime rate or reforming of fence attache to Belgium, Ne­ gen, Norvvay, that Baltic mili- change theory and practice in detention centres — vvere therlands and Luxembourg Eu­ taries do not have the capabili- the vvorld. He gavę leetures in fulfilled. genijus Nazelskis. ty to fully meet NATO re­ the US, Japanese, British, Ger- The session is to adopt a deci- ąuirements. Perry said they man and other scientific cen­ could not come to the defense of sion on the return of archives chitecture research — to Esto- tres. orientated mostly to Russia. other countries in the alliance nian Juhan Maiste, and art Žukauskas vvas #invited by if reąuired. He added, that this The Baltic Assembly plans to avvard — to Latvian Peters Tokyo Technological Institute does not mean a rejection of the confer traditional avvards, na­ Vaskas. ’ and a nearby Vaseda Universi- Baltic countries, būt only a mely a literary premium to The Lithuanian Seimas dele- ty as vvell. Follovving a stay in delay until they are ready for Lithuanian poet Judita Vaičiū­ gation in the Baltic Assembly Beijing, the academician is to membership. (JBANC) naitė, scientific avvard for ar- has 20 MPs. Molėtai Lake in Utena County, Upper Lithuania leave for Japan next vveek.

m n 2 Draugas, Saturday, October 5, 1996 1

»- ■■■■ ■ I ...... 1. ■■ ■■ .■ I —II GEORGE SOROS Lithuanians in Sports EXTENDS A HELPING DRAUGAS ,______•______(USPS-161000) 1 HAND ENGLISH EDITION The Open Society Fund-Li- common goal — to have a HE KEEPS ON RIDING thuania (OSFL) celebrated its lasting effect of the emergence Published Saturday except legal Holidays, as well as Dec. 26th and Jan. 2nd by fifth anniversary in 1995. It vvas of an open society. the Lithuanian Catholic Press Society. 4545 W. 63rd Street, Chicago, IL Two by two competitors ap- secondary concentration camp founded by US financier and As in previous years, OSFL 60629-5589. prehensively entered the Lit­ in Soldao. philanthropist George Soros to has vvorked vvith numerous Periodical class postage paid at Chicago, IL and additional mailing ofticea. tlevvood ring for jumper vvarm- “It vvas political un- help a developing democracy on other foundations from Great ups at the Winter Eųuestrian trustfulness,” Butvydas said. “I the bumpy road to a much Britain, Belgium, Germany, Subscription Rates: $60.00. Festival. Vincent Butvydas vvas not afraid. I knew if I sur- brighter future. Finland, the Scandinavian knevv Carina, his “sweetheart” vived until the end of the vvar, The open Society Fund- countries, USA, Canada, also Postmaster: Send address changes to Draugas—4545 W. 63rd St., Chicago, IL charcoal mare, wouldn’t fail I‘d be fine.” Lithuania vvas established in vvith European Union’s PHARE him. He stayed five months before Vilnius in October 1990 as an program and the UNDP, in co- George Soros Robyn Pavone, Carina’s trai- the German army took him out. independent, non-governmen- funding or managing projects. DRAUGAS SUBSCRIPTION RATES ner, vvasn’t worried about her, Soon after, he fled to German- tal, non-profit organization. It is Over US $1 million of additional Yearly 6 months 2 years either. occupied Lithuania, then retur­ “When I established open society one of 22 foundations that are funding (not refleeted in this “She’s smart, she’s athletic ned to a displacement camp in foundations in Central and Eastern operating in Central and Annual Report) vvas attracted to USA $60.00 $40.00 $110.00 and she’s absolutely devoted to Germany after Russia recap- Europe, I made it my mission to help Eastern Europe, established finance these joint or co-funded Canada $75.00 $50.00 $130.00 Vincent,” Pavone said. tured his homeland in 1944. in the transition from communism to and financed by G. Soros. They projects. In the five years of its Truth is Pavone was more There he Ii ved (“they fed us, open society. I am convinced that our all share a common purpose — existance OSFL has vvorked worried about the ex-cavalry of- took care of us”) until 1949, future, to a large extent, depends on Editor-in chief Danutė Bindokienė how successful and effective the tran­ the creation of open societies. vvith many talented and dedica- Administrator Ignas Budrys ficer hunched over Carina’s when he was cleared to emigra- Each foundation hovvever, in- ted people in Lithuania, enabl- neck, a jokester who calls te and join relatives in America. sition will be.” Moderator: Viktoras RimSelis “I have been in Lithuania a number dependently determines its ovvn ing them to implement their himself “Old Junk.” One He settled in northern Nevv of times. I know that your country priorities and strategies, taking projects and initaitives. It is the Office hours—8:30 to 4:30 weekdays. Closed Saturdays doesn’t know what Butvydas Jersey, and embarked on a declared its independence in 1918, into account the needs of the creativity, initiative and resour- Submitted articles are edited at our discretion. might do — jump early, late, 29-year career. By its end, he that Lithuania wanted to follow the country. The first chairman of cefulness of these people vvhich never — least of all “Old Junk” was the senior supervisor of path of democracy, and, after regain- the board and one of the original have enabled OSFL to help Publication is not responsible for advertisement content himself. mechanical inspection at Kyre- ing your independence in 1990 follow- founders of OSFL vvas the late them develop self-confidence ing the collapse of the Soviet empire, As Butvydas’ tum neared, fort Aerospace, a division of Prof. Česlovas Kudaba. and enthusiasm, to maintain Pavone scrambled to alert the Singer. you are trying to establish a system based on Western democratic con- The purpose of SOSFL is to hope for a better future, and to books are being reprinted. D. novv been established, in turn judges: He’ll be a bit late. In New Jersey, Butvydas štili cepts and principleB. It is a difficut foster the evolution of a demo­ influence their communities to Dilytė’s book “The Light of creating a competitive educa­ She sighed, then laughed: rodė būt no longer cobapeted. He process which will reąuire a lot of ef- cratic and open society, en- build an open society. Heilas” is being translated in­ tional market. Schools are novv “He’s 82, you know.” retired to Wellington, and his fort.” courage civil responsibility and to Estonian. more seleetive vvhen choosing Sure he is. The deliberate introduction to Carina led him participation in the process of Education for a Brighter Selecting, translating, and textbook alternatives, paying gait, the silver atranda sparse- back to the horse shovvs. democratic development, The Future publishing foreign textbooks attention to more modern and ly covering his scalp, the tales PAINTINGS RECEIVED Audrey Gruss’ husband lašt five years have been seen a has proved a particularly inten- appealing books and teaching of a vvar a half-century ago. bought Carina in 1991 off a FROM AUSTRALIA BY substantial grovvth in the Established in 1993, the pro­ sive undertaking. 18 translated materials. The Project also en- Eighty-two sounds right. racetrack, to train her for polo. LITHUANIAN MUSEUMS amount of fiapancial aid and ject “Transformation of Educa­ books vvere published during sures that books are supplied to Until he ridės... Būt Carina vvas too “green” assistance given to projects: tion for Lithuania’s Future” has 1995 (since 1993, a totai of 29 ethnic minority schools, centres Vincent Butvydas was born in for such enterprise, so Gruss of­ Vilnius, Oct 1 (ELTA) - The from a budget in 1990 of US the follovving main objectives: translated books have been for higher education, city and 1913 in Lithuania’s District of fered her to his father-in-lavv. Lithuanian Art Museum receiv­ $100,000; 1991 of $300,000; 1. to hasten the reform of published). A further 9 transla­ regionai centrai libraries, Lith­ Tauragė to landovvning parents, The Grusses then approached ed from Australia a collection of 1992 of $1,OOP,000; 1993 of Lithuania’s educational system ted books are being prepared for uanian schools abroad, prisoner who introduced him to grain Pavone, who was training at a paintings by a young Lithua­ nian artist Akvilė Zavisaitė vvho 1,800,000; to more than $5,- by encouraging scientific, cultu­ publication. Among the most po­ aid societies, etc. and covvs and best of all, horses. show barn at Palm Beach Polo. - 7 j • » •, 000,000 in 1994 and 1995. The ral, and educational contribu- pular books vvere E. H. Gom- The Program encouraged tea­ “He telis us he leamed to ride died there five years ago. “They asked if I vvas familiar budget for 1996 has also been tions from specialiste in Lithua­ brich’s “History of Art”, the chers to participate actively in before he could walk,” said one vvith older adults, and I said I’ve Director of Art Museum Ro­ sėt at over US $5 million. The nia and abroad; historical series “I Was There”, education reform and renevval. of his three daughters, Audrey mualdas Budrys said that the got plenty of them,” Pavone totai assistance to Lithuania 2. to renevv curriculum deve­ and P. Tannenbaum’s “Excur- This program aims to help es­ Gruss. “And he says he’ll ride paintings vvere sent to Lithua­ said. from the establiahment of OSFL lopment in Lithuanian schools sions in Modem Mathematics”. tablish active and responsible when he can’t walk anymore.” nia of Zavisaitė’s mother’s ac- Būt none likę this. to the end of 1996 vvill be more based on the principais and During 1995, the Project also school communities and thus His ambition after high school cord and are to be stored in the “I am likę you see me,” But­ than US $18 million, or 72 values of democracy and open assisted in the publication of 13 ensure the irreversible renevval was to be a forest engineer, būt vydas said, winking. “Likę a museum funds. In the near fu­ million Litas. society; books not included in the text- of Lithuanian education. Since his duty vvas to join the army. ture more vvorks vvhich are cur­ kid.” In 1995, ,QSFL initiated, 3. to stimulate and expand book competition — books such the beginning of the program, Then, in 1940, Russia invaded rently kept in the United States Butvydas vvorked with Pavo­ financed and* funded a vvide the creativity of educators, and as K. Jokantas’ “Latin-Lithua- over 3,000 educators have par­ Lithuania and made it a Soviet are to reach Lithuania. The ne to train Carina. range of programs and projects. 4. to support and develop in- nian Dictionary”, J. Adomonis’ ticipated in various seminars republic. vvhole collection is to encompass “What he’s done is no small The section “1995 Financial novation in public and private “From Point to Synthesis”, and and activities for professional Butvydas vvas a cavalry officer 50 paintings, vvhich vvould be a feat, though,” Pavone said. Report” sumiparises our fun­ education. the “Lithuanian Dictionary of development. During 1995, six- who excelled in horse shovvs for vvorthy contribution into a com- “Racehorse are trained to be ex- ding activities by program. The The overall direction of the Sign Language”, among others. teen teacher training and edu­ his country’s elite. A Lithua­ mon 20th century Lithuania tremely aggressive. This sport subsequent sections detail the project has been based on the During the 1993-95 period, the cational administration pro­ nian sargeant, forced to spy on fine arta treasury. mušt be very technical and individual programs and list the pursuit of the strategic goals of Project published 94 books, to- grama vvere financed, including his fellovv officers, often vvarn- Born and brought up in Vil­ slow, accurate and controlled.” grants to Lithuanian residents, the education reform program. talling 1,200,000 copies. The the programs “Psychological ed Butvydas to be careful, be­ nius, Zavisaitė studied art in Though other might struggle institutions and organizations. This OSFL project vvas Con­ textbook competition and the Assistance to Schools” and cause the Russians — aware he Australia, and graduated from vvith his accent, Carina under- The foundation not only avvards solidated by an agreement of publishing project have signifi- “Homeroom Teachers’ Psycho­ vvas not a communist — vvere the Nevv Castle art college. Her stands Vincent, and that’s grants for projects developed cooperation vvith the Ministry of cantly changed the conditions of logical Development,” and a watching. vvorks were exhibited in ten enough. He orders “stop,” she and submitted by others, vve Education and Science, signed textbook publishing and distrib- series of seminars organized by “They hide bullets in the exhibitions. freezes; he bellows “aide,” she also initiate an inereasing in September 1993. By pooling ution in Lithuania. In contrast the Human Rights Centre en­ horse’s stall, so they could say Budrys mentioned that the does the lectric slide, as if she number of projects ourselves. the resources of OSFL and the to the previous publishing mo­ titled “Human Rights Educa­ I vvas a revolutionary,” But­ were his partner at the beach- Art Museum stored a valuable collection including vvorks of The foundation devotes its Ministry for the development nopoly, to date 22 private pu- tion in Secondary Schools.” The vydas said. front dance hall, vvhere he goes funding #nd its efforts to quite and publication of nevv text- blishers have participated in the Program organized seven in- They coerced him to read Sta- Lithuanian emigrants vvhich every Monday night. a fevv different sectors of the books, nevv teaching materials project, resulting in a con- service training projects for lin’s vvorks, though he con­ Butvydas pampers Carina as vvould be replenished by one society. We support education, can reach the schools quickly siderable improvement in prin- teachers and leeturers from sidered it “manure in my if she vvere his second female more composition by seulptor higher education and reaearch, and become primary or optional ting quality of efficiency. A centres of higher learning. mouth.” They threatened him Vytautas Kašuba. love. His vvife, Hope, is first. culture and arts, mass media, sources of learning. The ac­ more effective alternative text- for not keeping his horses clean, The day before the Littlevvood civil society, lavv reform, sočiai tivities of 1995 conclude the first book distribution system has To be continued. no matter hovv diligently he jumping competion, Butvydas ESTONIAN AMBASSADOR Services, translation and pu- stage of the project. The goals of scrubbed them. They shipped stroked Carina’s hair after prac- PRESENTS CREDENTIALS blishing, foreign conferences the second stage are to influence his friends to Siberia. ticing at Pegasus stables. and travel, and particular atten- changes in the general cur­ He escaped to Germany. “Eighty-two, ready for coffin,” Vilnius, Oct 2 (ELTA) — tion is paid to youth initiatives. riculum in schools, to encourage Yet trouble avvaited him there Butvydas said. “Carina, soon vve Lithuanina President Algirdas The evaluation criteria of grant the establishment of an active as vvell. After resisting proscrip- go in coffin, you and Old Junk.” Brazauskas received credentials applications refleets our concem and responsible community of tion into the Gefman army for On his first two Littlevvood of the nevv Estonian Ambassa- regarding the development of Lithuanian educators of high the purpose of spying in Lithua­ turns, Butvydas touches nary dor Alar Oljum vvho replaced an open, democratic civil socie­ professional standards, to in­ nia, Butvydas was sent to a an obstacle. The second run is former ambassador Vai vi Stri- ty, and the quality of the fluence the modernization of timed, and he finishes third out kaitienė. projects. educational technology, and to of 40. Then he strolls off. “It is especially important to 1995 savv the inauguration of encourage the independence of Pavone yanks him back: “No, coordinate the Baltic States ac- the Open Society House in schools and their communities no, you’re not going anyvvhere!” tions in seeking membership in Vilnius, vvhich is becoming an — all basic elements of After some delay — Pavone re- transatlantic and European important focal point for civil democratic education. The pro­ peatedly asks Butvydas if he structures,” Oljum said. society oriented activities and ject has attracted the interest of knevv which way he’s going Brazauskas noted that both events. Visitors can ūse the many Lithuanian educators and before coaxing him to ūse the countries vvere united not sole- library offering vvorks in six of the general public, and has nevv equipment his daughter ly by a common history būt the languages in humanities and received favourable press bought for Carina (“he likęs old šame future goals as vvell. sočiai Sciences, brovvse through coverage, as vvell as assistance stuff,” shrugs Pavone) — But­ “Our cooperation achieved International periodicals on and cooperation from foreign vydas cleanly executes a third good results, nevertheless, a lot comtemporary culture, ūse CD- experts. run. štili has to be done. I vvould likę ROM multimedia facilities and In 1995, the primary focus of “Good job, Vincent!” Pavone to put emphasis on creation of have access to Internet. In 1995 this program vvas a competition said. “Carinavvas tired at the a common transit space and a plans vvere completed for the for the authorship of nevv text- end.” system for exchange of Informa­ establishment of an inter- books, and the publishing of “Me too,” Butvydas said, dis-. tion on transit among three university Centre for Educa- textbooks translated and adap- mounting alongside the Festival Baltic States,” the president tional Studies vvhich vvill ted from other languages. stables, each indentified by a said. stimulate the modernization of The original textbooks com­ hand-painted name. The Estonian ambassador told teacher training colleges. The petition is novv in its finai stage. The ex-calvary man removed journalists that his near future Internet program has launched 29 new textbooks vvere publish­ his cap, then strutted apst the plans encompassed meetings a project vvhich offers free access ed in 1995 (since 1993 a totai of “Over the Fili Farm,” a tent ad- vvith political parties in order to to e-mail and Internet to a fast- jacent to terrain he just 87 have been published), 29 knovv the possible changes in grovving number of NGO’s, in­ conquered. manuseripts are being prepared the Lithuanian policy follovving stitutions and individual sub- for publication, and 26 manus­ By Ethan Skolnik scribers. All the nevv and ex- the October 20 parliamentary eripts are štili being completed. Some Lithuanian Sea-scouts in the summer scouts in the summer scout camp (“The Palm Beach Post” (Feb. 21, Vincent Butvydas. eleetion. isting OSFL programs have a Due to high demand, some text- at Rakas, MI. the first treaty of Moscovv. Its the actual price paid, viz.: Danutė Bindokien SECRET GERMAN-SOVIET love of peace (“peace at any ten 7,500,000 gold dollars of price”), vvhich is put forvvard as 31, 500,000 Reichsmarks. AGREEMENTS CONCERNING the prime motive of its high- It is notevvorthy that M. Mo- Lithuanians are LITHUANIA minded act of self-renunciation, lotov had initially offered for the in point of fact, did have a price, retention of the strip of Lithua­ Cool and no inconsiderable price at nian territory in question “half One more vveek, one more Continued from Sept. 28. By Dr. DOMAS Normally the sphere of in­ vvould vvelcome such nev fluence is a territory in vvhich a that. In the Secret Supplemen- of the sum the U.S.A. paid to vveekly English edition of items. Just vvrite to the edit< KRIVICKAS Analysis of the Provisions foreign State is politically in- tary protocol it is particularis- Russia for the cession of Alas- “Draugas — The Friend.” It is (for a time being — Danui ed in the follovving terms: “The ka” or, to be exact, 3,860,000 not easy to stand every vveek of the Secret Agreements res to protect its interests?” terested. These interests may be Bindokienė, šame as for the da Secret Supplementary Protocol gold dollars, to be paid “vvithin before the eternal question: “To Concerning Lithuania What are those interests? A rep- based on the fact of neighbour- ly “Draugas”). The artich signed on August 23,1939, shall tvvo years”, either in gold or be or not to be.” The editors and should be typed, double spacei ly to these tvvo ųuestions mušt hood, of the geographical situa­ be amended in item 1 to the ef­ goods, as Germany may prefer.” publishers of “Draugas — The photos can be black and vvhitt These secret agreements are be sought in the other agree­ tion of economic or political fac- fect that the territory of the Obviously, during the “trou- Friend” vvant “to be” because or color. If you vvant thei perfectly explained by the prin­ ments concluded on the šame tors. When tvvo States sign an Lithuanian statė falls to the blesome” negotiations, Herr von vve knovv the need is there. returned, please include a sel cipai public agreements con- day betvveen the U.S.S.R. and agreement on the partition of sphere of influence of the Ribbentrop had succeeded i n There are so many young and cluded on the šame date by the Germany, above all in the Boun- spheres of influence, they addressed, stamped envelope. U.S.S.R., vvhile, on the otehr outbargaining M. Molotov. older people of Lithuanian des- According to the latest U! tvvo parties. On August 23, dary and Friendship Treaty. acknovvledge that one party has hand, the province of Lublin Thus, once more vvere proved cent vvho are not familiar vvith Census Information, there ar 1939, peace štili reigned in Article 1 of that Treaty recognized for the other its ex- and parts of the province of the hollovvness of Germany’s the language of their ethnic he­ baout 800,000 people of Lithua Europe. Conseąuently, the sec­ stipulates in the šame terms the clusive interests on the respec­ Warsavv fall to the sphere of peace-loving professions and its ritage būt vvant to knovv more nian descent in the Unitet ret agreement of August 23 is partition of Poland into tvvo tive territory and pledges itself Germany”. In other vvords, true character of unscrupulous about the land of their roots — States. If vve compare thesi drafted in conditional terms, as spheres of interest: Soviet and not to prevent the realization of vvhat is depicted as a sacrifice in aggressor in all its stark Lithuania, about the activities numbers vvith, let’s say, Spanisl for expample, “in the event of German. “The Government of the interests of the contracting the interests of peace, in the nakedness. and happenings in the Lithua­ speaking ethnic community ii a... rearrangement”. On Sep­ the German Reich and the Go­ party. It declares its disinte- searching light of incontrover- The signing of the secret Ger­ nian community overseas and America, they vvill appear no tember 28, Poland vvas already vernment of the U.S.S.R. deter- restedness. tible documentary evidence, man-Soviet agreements already on this side of the Atlantic. The very significant. Nevertheless occupied by German and Soviet mine as the boundary of their Article 3 of the German-Soviet becomse the infamous transac­ i n itself constitutes a conspiracy “not to be” problem confronts Lithuanians are respected an< troops. The Soviet position vvas respective national interests in treaty precisely statės that the tion betvveen tvvo ruthlessly ag- against peace and an act of vvith the fact, that vve can not valued members of society strengthened by the declaration the territory of the former acquirer State of a sphere of in­ of vvar by France and England fluence may proceed vvith the gressive povvers at the expense aggression. The action of the reach these valued people to Seldom one hears a negativi Polish statė the line marked...” of a peaceful and defenceless on Germany. The latter found Article 2 confirms this expres- “re-organization” of the public tvvo totalitarian povvers is fur­ vvhom English edition of “Drau­ remark about Lithuanians, sel neighbour it, in actual fact, vvas. ther aggravated by their im- gas” vvould be of interest. dom their narnės appear oi herself engaged in a struggle sion by precisely stating that administration and the other plementation of the agreements, As vve stated at the start of police rosters or most-vvantec vvith tvvo great Povvers. Soviet this boundary of “their respec­ party shall disinterest itself in Būt in 1941 Herr von Ribben­ vvhich vvere primarily designed this venture, its continuence lists. Lithuanians are not tht diplomacy missed no opportuni- tive national interests” is this re-organization. They are trop had conveniently torgot- to bring about a nevv partition depends on the number of sub- usual subjects of ethnic jokės. ty to enlarge its claims. It definitive and that any in- not satisfied vvith economic and the true nature of the bargain of Lithuania — a partition as scribers. At present it is štili to There vyas a time vvhen the demanded from Germany the tervention of third povvers in cultural privileges (concessions, Germany made in 1939, just as cession of Lithuania into its railvvays, rivers, internal com- the details of that other justifiable as those of the Polish- small to ensure the future of general American public ano this settlement shall be rejected. „Draugas — The Friend.” We do sphere of influence. With Li­ merce, schools, press, radio); dealvvhich vvas closed, follovving Lithuanian State in 1772 and especially the politicians didn’t In these tvvo articles vve find plan to continue publishing a thuania the U.S.S.R. is install- they admit the re-organization the presentation of the Soviet 1793-1795 — and vvhich even­ knovv much about Lithuanians the šame expression as in the vvhile longer, perhaps eventual­ ed on ther German frontier, on of public administration (con­ ultimatum, seemed to have slip- tually led to the suspension of or the country of their origin. In secret agreements. In one, ly svvitching to a bivveekly un­ the shortest strategic route bet­ stitution, administration finan- ped, equally conveniently, his Lithuania’s independence in fact, not many could ansvver in “boundary of their respective til such a time that vve vvill have vveen Moscovv and Berlin. Ger­ ces, statė economy, relations memory, for he again high- violation of the sovereign vvill of vvhat part of the vvorld Lithua­ national interests”, in the other, enough readers to ensure its many accepts this transaction vvith foreign countries) vvithout mindedly speaks of a fresh con- its people. nia vvas situated. The name it­ “sphere of influence of the future. Othervvise, vve vvill be because she receives in ex- any reserve, vvithout any safe- tribution to a friendly settle­ “Memorandum on the Restoration self sounded somehovv egzotic, U.S.S.R.” forced to abandon this venture. unique būt elusive. This chang­ change territories in Poland guard of the independence, sove­ ment and makes no mention of of Lithuania’s Independence,” 1988 Būt in vvhat consist the “ri- Please consider informing ed starting vvith aobut 1988 vvhich forthvvith pass under her ghts” of the acquirer of such a reignty and rights of the Lithua­ administration. This vvas the ob- nian nation. Here is the sense FRIENDS OF THE BALTICS your friends — Americans as vvhen more and more nevvs sphere vvhich the ceder “ac- vvell as Lithuanians — about our about strange happenings in a ject of the second, secret agree­ cords” him? Article 3 of the trea­ of the phrase “as soon as the AT VVORK ment concluded on September 28. Government of the U.S.S.R. vveekly “Draugas,” urging them small country on the shores of ty gives us the reply to this to become readers and subscri- In this second agreement one shall take special measures on Walter Perlick, Dean of the mer there vvill be a third and the Baltic Sea appeared in the question: “The necessary reor- bers. Sixty dollars a year isn’t sentence has special significan- Lithuanian territory to protect School of Business Administra­ finai group. American media. Eventually ganization of public administra­ high price to pay for a vveekly ce. It is: “ As soon as the Govern­ its interests.” (Secret Protocol of tion at California State Univer­ The finai goal of this program Lithuania vvas the pebble that tion vvill be effected in the areas nevvspaper of special interests to ment of the U.S.S.R. shall take September 28,1939). These spe­ sity Sacramento has an am- is for the program participants perhaps upset the apple cart of vvest of the line specified in ar­ people of Lithuanian ethnic special measures on Lithuanian cial measures may go as far as bitious goal for his school. He to put together a Latvian deve­ the mighty Soviet Union. Sto­ ticle I by the Government of the origins. territory to protect its in­ the re-organization of public ad­ vvants to develop CSUS into a lopment center that vvill help ries about the brave Lithuanian German Reich, in the areas east We also invite contributors terests...” ministration, as far as annexa- premier school of International train other Latvians in the people vvho started..a. n^ost of this line by the Government vvith essays, articles, letters to What are the “special measu- tion. because the Secret Sup- business and vrhere haa he aim- above areas. In effect, they are unusual revolution — a singing of the U.S.S.R.” the editor, photos, adver- plementary Protocol explicitly ed his sights? Why, the Baltics training a cadre of Latvians to revolution — and vvon their tisments. If you belong to an statės, “...the present German- and Eastern Europe of course!! train others. freedom after 50 years of Soviet organization, if you visited in- Lithuanian border, for the pur- Novv, vve here at the Friends of Dean Perlick’s intent in going oppression became common in dependent Lithuania for busi­ pose of a ntural and simple the Baltics already knovv that to the Baltic States in July, is American press. ness, vvork or pleasure, if you boundary delineation, shall be Eastern Europe is one of the multi-fold. First, he needs to Suddently all Lithuanians, vvork on a special project, par­ rectified in such a vvay that the hottest regions this decade for establish contact vvith his Lat­ even the ones vvho could barely ticipated in sports, academic ac­ Lithuanian territory situated to International business and soon vian couterparts to see that say Labas become celebrities. tivities, if you knovv a person the southvvest of the Line mark­ others vvill also knovv. Dean things are going as planned. Americans realized that vve vvho should be mentioned in our ed on the attached map should Perlick and his School of Busi­ And, secondly, he vvill establish vvere a very special ethnic nevvspaper (graduations, vved- fall to Germany”. It is the par­ ness Administration are pre- contacts in Vilnius to develop group. We štili are and should dings, engagements, births, pro- tition of Lithuania. Since in one sently completing the second nevv educational exchange pro­ value our heritage. It is cool to fessional achievements, etc.), vve part of Lithuania the Soviets year of a multi-year USAID grams or another program be Lithuanian! vvill take special measures, the funded project for Latvia, in along the lines of the current Friends of the Baltics introdu- great enthusiasm. Audrone o.ther part vvill immediately be vvhich they have been providing Latvian program. After he ced Dean Perlick and Audrone, says, “Friends of the Baltics is annexed by Germany. It is easy instruction and couseling in the finishes his business in the via E-mail, they vvere off and a great initiative. It gives us, to divine in vvhat consist those areas of taxation, entrepreneur- Baltic he vvill travel next to running developing agendas Lithuanians, Latvians and Es- “special measures to protect its ship, International business, etc. Minsk to begin developing sup­ and goals. The Friends of the tonians, especially those vvho (i.e. Soviet) interests”. It is also The first group of Latvians ar- port for a Byelorussiam pro­ Baltics is very grateful that vvorked vvith Peace Corps Vo- annexation. rived in Sacramento, California gram. So, vvhere does someone Audrone vvill be able to facilita- lunteers for some time, a vvon- In his note of June 22, 1941, in the Summer of 1995 for 30 turn to for insider Information te Dean Perlick meeting the derful feeling that America is von Ribbentrop cites among days of lectures and visits vvith on the Best of the Best Baltic necessary people in Vilnius dur­ not so far avvay and it is possi­ other grievances against the businesses, non-profit organiza­ contacts? Why, to Friends of the ing July. With the vital level of ble to find friends of the Baltics U.S.S.R. the non-fullfilment by tions, and chambers of com- Baltics of course!! It didn’t take support, at the highest levels, in almost everyvvhere.” We’re po- the U.S.S.R. of its engagement merce. Those tvvelve individuals us long (2 seconds) to recom- Lithuania Dean Perlick vvill be sitive that, because ot Audrone, to cede to Germany a part of then returned to Latvia and con- mend he contact Audrone Zuba- able to recreate the šame bene- Dean Perlick vvill met the right Lithuania. ducted training programs based viciene, Peace Corps Program fits and opportunities for people and create a ;.t jstantive In the note cited above, Herr on the various business skills Specialist for Small Enterprise Lithuanians that his Business International educational pro­ von Ribbentrop is honest only in they learned. The second group Development in Lithuania. For School’s program has created for gram that vvill benefit many speaking of Germany’s reluc- of Latvians in the second phase those of us vvho knovv and love Latvians! Lithuanians! tance to renounce the interests of this program returned to Lat­ Audrone, vve knovv she certain- Its been a pleasure to vvork “The Baltic Bridge” A peaceful park in Šilalė. it had acquired in Lithuania by via only a vveek ago. Next Sum­ ly knovvs many people! Once vvith Audrone because of her July 1996 It feels as if I am at my ovvn vvake...heading tovvard nevvcomers had to face in Canada. By then he had tions. Such improvised lectures, that helped to vvhile AN EXPATRIATE’S a port of the unknovvn. My identity, my native language established a successful dress-making business and vvas avvay many long, frosty evenings of Canadian vvinter, and traditions vvill be lošt there forever...just likę these able to offer a great deal of material and moral support vvere often follovved by the singing of Lithuanian folk JOURNEY vvaves disappear in the vastness of the ocean... I vvas born to the Navikevičius family. songs. The Mačernis’s, vvho vvere usually also present to live in my country, not in a foreign land. Why am I Not vvishing to overstay their vvelcome, Aukštaitė at these gatherings, remarked that their tenants — The Life and Legacy of leaving? Who is vvaiting for me there?.... (Aukštaitė and her husband began to seek affordable accommoda- Aukštaitė and her family — vvere “the sould and pride 1978:181). tion vvhich, they soon discovered, vvas not easy to find of their home” (Aukštaitė 1988:23). Marija Aukštaitė in Montrėal of those days. Aukštaitė vvas dravvn to the As for the majority of Lithuanian immigrants, the Shortly after settling in Montrėal, Aukštaitė became 3 Lithuanian community or, as she put it, to her “ovvn interested in the periodicals published by the Lithua­ beginnings of a nevv life in Canada for Aukštaitė’s family kind” vvho never refused a helping hand. She met the vvere fraught vvith hardship. It is hardly surprising that nian community, vvhich, in her vvords, “helped suppress Equally distressing vvas unknovvn that avvaited her Mačernis family, vvho, in her vvords, epitomized, “real anyone accustomed to the slovv-paced existence of a nostalgic longings and vvere a good source of Informa­ in a strange land. There vvere no guarantees or promises žemaičiai” — stalvvart peasants from the vvestern part Lithuanian provincial tovvn, such as Prienai, vvould find tion” (Aukštaitė 1980:24). Four nevvspapers vvith rather for a happy future. She realized that the first fevv years of Lithuania knovvn as Samogitia or Žemaitija. For Montrėal — one of the major metropolitan areas in North different political orientations vvere delivered to the in her adopted homeland vvould be difficult, that she reasonable rent, they offered Aukštaitė and her family America — at times overvvhelming and daunting. In ad­ Mačernis home: the leftist Keleivis (Pilgrim), the vvould have to build a nevv life from scratch, relying sole- a room in their apartment on Frontenac Street. dition to language difficulties, Aukštaitė soon discove- religious Darbininkas (Worker), and the nationalist ly on her ovvn abilities and ingenuity. In her biography During the first fevv months in Montrėal, Aukštaitė red, there vvere various sočiai and cultural barriers to Vienybė (Unity) and Tėvynė (Fatherland). Because the she points out that she left Lithuania in 1930 against almost daily vvandered back in her thoughts to Lithua­ overcome. subscribers to these periodicals, the Mačernis’s malė her vvill, hoping for a better life for her children. nia, or, as she vvrites in her autobiography, those tenants, vvere temporarily avvay, vvorking on government These feelings of loss and apprehension are expressed Upon arrival in Montrėal vvith her tvvo sons, she nostalgic memories of her native land gavę her much contracts at logging camps in the Canadian vvest, in many of the poems she composed during that period, moved in vvith the Astrauskas family vvho kindly agreed needed strength and hope. She missed intensely the Aukštaitė vvas their only reader at that time. Given her as vvell as in a vvork of fiction entitled An Expatriate’s to put them up temporarily. At that time, her husband landscape of Lithuanian countryside, her relatives, and, religious sentiments, Darbininkas (Workef) became Journey (Išeivės keliu), vvhich is partly based on her life’s Antanas, vvho had immigrated tvvo years earlier, vvas above all, her son Jonas. Aukštaitė’s favourite. Yet the subscription to this experiences. The protagonist of this story is forced to renting a room from this šame Lithuanian family. Soon, As a vvay to preserve and reinforce their identity in periodical vvas about to expire, and to renevv it vvas leave Lithuania because of unbearable sočiai and the Astrauskas’s introduced Aukštaitė to Antanas’s a nevv, sometimes adverse, cultural environment, Aukš­ beyond her means. employed David Goldberg vvho, being a European im- taitė’s family vvould frequently get together for talks economic conditions. On a ship bound for North America, To be continued. she ponders: migrant himself, vvas vvell avvare of the problems that about Lithuania’s history, folklore, customs and tradi­ Draugas, Saturday, October 5, 1996 The Rights of Women and Convention on Rights of the Children Child in July.

LITHUANIA RESPECTS Abuse of vvomen at home is re­ Dealing vvith Minorities portedly common, especially in HUMAN RIGHTS eonneetion vvith alcohol abuse Ethnic minorities comprise by husbands, and institutional roughly 20 percent of the In March of this year the US or acts. Jevvish cemeteries are mechanisms for coping vvith this population and include Rus- Department of State compiled sporadically subjected to van- problem are only novv being sians, Poles, Belarussians, an extensive report on human dalism and pilfering. Violence formed. One private vvomen’s Ukrainians, and Jevvs. Ethnic rights practices in Lithuania. and discrimination against organization is attempting to Poles in particular have ex- The report extends only to the vvomen and child abuse are pro­ establish a shelter for abused pressed concerns about the year 1995. blems vvhich the government vvomen. According to one socio- possibility of job discrimination The report statės that the Go­ has failed to address. In April logical survey, 20 percent of arising from implementation of vernment of Lithuania general- the Parliament ratified the vvomen reported an attempted the language lavv. The lavv re- ly respects the human rights of European Convention on Hu­ rape, vvhile another 33 percent quires that public sector its citizens, būt there are certain man Rights and Basic Free- reported having been beaten at employees possess a functional areas where problems do arise. doms.. least once in their lives. Official knovvledge of Lithuanian vvithin Some excerpts from this report There vvere no reports that of- statistics on the incidence of a specified time. The authorities vvill shed more light on the con- ficials engaged in or condoned abuse of vvomen in the home are have granted liberal extensions ditions of everyday dealings bet­ torture. Hovvever, police some- not filed separately from other of the time in vvhich this is to be vveen Lithuanian Government times beat or othervvise physi- Recently completed statue of Lithuania’s Grand Duke Gediminas in Vilnius. categories of assault. Women’s achieved. During the first 4 and the citizens. Its not alvvays cally mistreated detainees. The Photo by Viktoras Kučas groups report some resistance months of 1995, language- among lavv enforcement officials testing committees tested 6,975 according to the Constitution. local press reported that inci- shortage of trained lavvyers, Supreme Court convicted four homes, and other buildings and dents of police brutality are vvho find it difficult to cope vvith persons vvith criminal back- to collecting and releasing such people for vvhom Lithuanian is permits construction necessary statistics. Persons convicted of not a native language. Of those Lithuania — a budding becoming more common. In the burgeoning numbers of grounds of murder in the case. for their activities. Nine many instances, the victims rape generally receive sentences examined, 6,048 vvere certified Democracy criminal cases brought before One person received a death religious communities have reportedly are reluctant to bring of 3 to 5 years in prison. as language qualified. There is the courts. Outside observers sentence, vvhich vvas carried out been declared by the nevv lavv to The Constitution provides no documented evidence of dis- Lithuania is a parliamentary charges against police officers have recommended the in July. On November 17, a be “traditional” and therefore democracy. With its statehood ovving to fear of reprisals. The establishment of a public bomb destroyed a major nevv equal rights for men and vvo- missals based on application of eligible for governmental assi­ men, and official policy specifies this lavv. Lithuanian authorities vvidely recognized as continuous Ministry of the Interior general­ defender system to regularize building under construction for stance: Latin Rite ly has been unvvilling to publi- r u n .u r C*thohcs’ equal pay for equal vvork. have indicated that the intent for more than 70 years, Lithua­ procedures for provision of legal the largest Lithuanian daily, Greek Rite Oatholies, Evange- Generally, men and vvomen nia restored its independence in cize statistics on reported cases assitance to indigent persons Lietuvos Rytas. The nevvspaper of the lavv is to apply moral in- ica u erans, vangelical receįve the šame pay for com- centives to learn Lithuanian as 1990 after more than 50 years of police brutality. Sources in charged in criminal cases. By had been vvriting a series on Keformers, Orthodox, Old Behe- u, i u of Soviet occupation. The Con­ the Parliament, hovvever, repor­ lavv, defense lavvyers have ac- Lithuanian organized crime T__ ’ o___ , parable vvork. Hovvever, vvomen the official language of the State vers, Jevvs, Sunni Muslims, and are largely underrepresented in and that no one vvould be dis- stitution, adopted by referen­ ted that there vvere 116 com- cess to government evidence families. It is vvidely assumed Karaites. There are no restric- dum in 1992, established a plaints concerning employees of and may present evidence and that one or more of these some professions and in the missed solely because of an in- tions on the activities of other managerial sector as a vvhole, ability to meet the language re- 141-member unicameral legisla- the Ministry of the Interior, of vvitnesses. The courts and lavv families vvere responsible for the religious communities. ture, the Seimas; a directly vvhich 15 had been resolved and enforcement agencies generally bombing, although the Govern- and signifieant inequalities in quirements. This appears to be elected President, vvho functions 74 are štili under investigation. honor routine, vvritten requests ment had filed no charges by Lithuanian society based on sex the case. as Head of State; and a Govern­ Ovving to limited resources and for evidence. There vvere no year’s end. Some observers also continue. Lithuanian society ment formed by a Prime Minis­ motivation, many of Lithuania’s The Government Structure štili has very conservative vievvs political trials. expressed concern over the The Working Conditions ter and other ministers, ap- prisons are poorly maintained. Government rehabilitation of government’S motives in sen- about the role of vvomen in socie­ Lithuania is a parliamentary pointed by the President and ap- more than 50,000 persons char- ding tax inspectors to the scene ty. The fact that vvomen’s enroll- democracy. The eleetion lavv The legal minimum age for proved by the Seimas. The Violent and Organized Crime ged vvith anti-Soviet crimes dur- shortly after the blast. Press ment novv exceeds that of men provides for a secret ballot in employment of children vvithout Government exercises authori- ing the Stalinist era led to reports of the meeting betvveen in some university facilities has parliamentary elections. Of 141 prompted university adminis- parental consent is 16 years. ty vvith the approval of the In an effort to cope vvith the reports in 1991 that some peo- Lietuvos Rytas editors and The legal minimum age vvith Seimas and the President. In rise in violent organized crime, ple alleged to have been involv- President Brazauskas 2 days parliamentary seats, 71 are trators to introduce preferential elected directly and 70 through entrance criteria for men to the vvritten consent of parents fair elections in 1992, the Parliament in 1993 passed the ed in crimes against humanity after the bombing stated that proportional representation. A redress vvhat is perceived as an is 14. Free trade union represen­ Lithuanian Democratic Labor Preventive Detention Lavv per- during the Nazi occupation had Brazauskas had chided the party mušt dravv a minimum of abnormal statė of affairs. Par- tatives assert that the mecha­ Party (LDDP) — the successor to taining to persons suspected of benefited from this rehabilita­ editors for publishing charges 4 percent of the national vote in liamentary deputies speaking nisms for monitoring minimum the Communist Party of Lithua­ being violent criminals. This tion. A special judicial pro- against organized crime figures order to gain a seat through pro- about female deputies in public age legislation are rudimentary. nia, vvhich in 1989 broke avvay lavv, vvhich vvas passed as a tem- cedure vvas established to ex- vvithout supporting evidence. portional representation. Na- sometimes make unflattering Complaints about infringement from the Soviet Communist Par­ porary measure, allovved police, amine each case in vvhich an in- These events took place in the tional minority slates are ex- of child labor regulations ty — vvon a majority of parlia­ būt not the internal security or context of a parliamentary comments based on gender dividual or organization raised empt from this rule. Tvvo of the generally are referred to local mentary seats and formed the stereotypes, vvithout eliciting armed forces, to detain suspec­ an objection that rehabilitated debate in whięh opposition four Polish Union represen­ prosecutors vvho investigate the Government. In 1993 voters ted violent criminals up to 2 person may have committed a members criticized the Govern­ any public reactions. tatives vvon their seats on a pro­ charges and take legal action to elected Algirdas Brazauskas, months rather than for the Stan­ Child abuse is a problem. The crime against humanity. In ment for making antipress portional basis, even though the stop violations. Available evi­ then Chairman of the LDDP, as dard 72-hour period. The effect 1994 the Supreme Court over- statements in reaction against authorities reported that 10 union slate captured only 2 per- dence suggests that child labor President. Local government of this lavv is to give prosecutors turned the rehabilitation of journalists’ investigation of of- children vvere killed as a result cent of the nationvvide propor- of severe beatings by parents in is rare. elections in March, hovvever, and investigators additional three persons vvhose cases vvere ficial corruption. tional vote. the first half of 1995. Sočiai The legal minimum vvage is gavę the ruling LDDP its first pending frpm 1993; there vvere Five private radio stations in- time to conduct an investigation The Citizenship Lavv, adopted vvelfare vvorkers believe that $30 (120 litas) per month, vvhile electoral defeat since 1992. and file formai criminal charges no such ruling by the Supreme cluding one broadeasting in in 1991 and amended in Oc- much of the abuse occurs in con- the average vvage in the statė Right-of-center candidates cap- against the detainee. Those ap- Court in 1995. Polish, are on the air. Tvvo tober, is inclusive vvith regard neetion vvith alcohol abuse. The industrial sector is $128 (512 tured a majority of local govern­ prehended mušt be released There vvere no reports of private television stations also to the country’s ethnic minori- prevalence of authoritarian litas) per month. The Council of ment councils in most of the after 2 months if an investiga­ political prisoners. braodeast regular programming ties. This lavv provides Citizen- values in family upbringing had Ministers and the Ministry of country’s tovvns and cities. tion does not lead to formai to vvide audiences. Represen­ ship to persons vvho vvere born discouraged more active measu- Sočiai Proteetion periodically Since independence, Lithua­ charges. Local police commis- Freedom of Speech and tatives of the private electronic vvithin the borders of the res against child abuse. sėt the minimum vvage. Every nia has moved to a market sioners mušt obtain the Pro- Press media have čomplained for so­ republic; vvho vvere citizens of The Ministries of Sočiai Pro­ 3 months these tvvo government economy. More than 40 percent curator General’s approval of me time about unfair transmis- Lithuania prior to 1940 and teetion and of the Interior bodies mušt submit their mini­ of statė property, including most each arrest carried out under The Constitution provides for sion fees and advertising rated their descendants; or vvho shared official responsibility for mum vvage proposals to the housing and small businesses, the provisions of this lavv. freedom of speech and the press, sėt by the government. These became citizens under previous the proteetion of children’s Parliament, vvhich has the right has been privatized. Industry Parliament voted in 1994 and vvhich the Government observes rates reportedly favor the statė legal authority. More than 90 rights and vvelfare in 1995. Star- to approve or revise the employs 42 percent of the labor 1995 to extend this temporary in practice. The lavv prohibits radio and television stations. percent of Lithuania’s ethnic ting in 1994, the Children’s minimum vvage level. Enforce­ force. The agricultural sector’s lavv for an additional year būt the government from issuing Russian, Polish, Belarussian, Rights Service of the Ministry ment of the minimum vvage is continuing high proportion of vvith Severai nevv provisions, in­ prior restraint orders over the Freedom of Religion and Ukrainian inhabitants re- of Sočiai Proteetion took on almost nonexistent, in part the vvork force (18 percent) cluding checks on prosecutorial print or broadeast media or set­ ceived citizenship. Qualification many of the functions formerly because the Government does reflects a lack of efficient con- abuse. The lavv novv requires ting restrietions on the The Constitution provides for for naturalization of persons not handled by the Ministry of the not vvant to exacerbate the cur­ solidation of small private farms disclosure of Information unless that a detainee (1) mušt be in- religious freedom, and the mentioned by the above-mentio- Interior and its subordinate rent unemployment problem. and represents a vocal protec- the Government determines formed vvithin 3 hours follovving Government respects this provi­ ned categories requires a police officers throughout the The 40-hour vvorkvveek is Stan­ that national security is involv- tionist current in economic arrest of the length of the sion in practice. The Lavv on 10-year residency, a permanent country, thereby foeusing more dard, vvith a provision for at ed. Nevertheless, journalists policy debates. The banking preventive detention under con- Religious Communities and job or source of income, knovv- attention on the sočiai vvelfare least one 24-hour ręst period. vvorking for the state-ovvned system remains vveak, vvith the sideration (not to exceed 2 Associations passed in October ledge of the Constitution, re- needs of children. The Govern- The Constitution provides eleetronies media čomplained Government moving just before months), and (2) mušt be gives religious communities, nunciation of any other Citizen- ment shovved it commitment to that vvorkers have the right to Christmas to suspend opera- about pressure by superiors to brought before a court vvithin 48 proper- ship, and proficiency in Lith- children’s rights and vvelfare by safe and healthy vvorking con­ tions at tvvo prominent private avoid criticism of government right8 to prayer houses hours of arrest for a ruling on uanian. ratifying the United Nations ditions. In 1993 a Labor Safety commercial banks for illiquidi- the legality of the detention. policies in their television and Lavv vvent into effect, setting ty and fraud. The inflation rate Furthermore, a detainee has the radio reporting. Most indepen- dovvn the rights of vvorkers con- of 35.7 percent vvas significant- legal right to consult vvith an at- dent nevvs publications and fronted vvith hazardous condi­ ly higher than had been pro- torney during the period of many prominent journalists tions and providing legal protee­ jected. Per capita gross domestic detention. The lavv gives lavv en- protested against the provisions tion for vvorkers vvho file com­ product vvas estimated at $1,000 forcement officials vvide latitude of a draft public Information plaints about such conditions. per year. Trade is diversifying, in making arrest decisions and lavv, vvhich they thought severe- The State Labor Inspection Ser­ vvith a gradual shift to Western may be open to abuse. Police de- ly restrieted freedom of the press. vice, vvhich the lavv established, markets. Major exports include tained over 500 suspected The daft lavv failed to paša in a is charge vvith implementing textile and knitvvear products, members of criminal gangs November 6 vote, būt parlia­ the Labor Safety Lavv. Regionai timber and furniture, electronic under the provision of this lavv. mentary debate on a press lavv labor inspection offices, each of goods, food, and Chemical and In Severai vvell-publicized cases, vvas expected to continue. The vvhich have only tvvo or three of­ Petroleum products. the lavv helped to convict and ruling party announced the for- ficials, are severely understaff- sentence dangerous criminals to mation of a committee to revievv ed. They elosed 1,882 enter- Human Rights are Respected lengthy prison terms. In many the proposed press lavv and the prises or departments of enter- — Most of the Time other instances, hovvever, the provisions vvhich prompted prises found to be in violation of suspects vvere freed vvithout protestą. safety regulations during the The Government generally charge after expiration of the Many investigative jour­ first 6 months of 1995. Some 170 respects the human rights of its maximum detention period, nalists covering organized crime persons vvere fined, and 83 cases citizens, būt problems remain in leading some observers to have been harassed by or reciev- vvere referred to local pro­ some areas. Police on occasion believe that the police are ed death threats, ostensibly secutors’ offices. Unsafe condi­ beat detainees and reportedly abusing the lengthy detention from organized “crime fami­ tions caused by vvorn, outdated abuse already excessive deten- period provided by this tem­ lies.” In October 1993, a industrial techųplogies are tion lavvs. Some journalists al- porary lavv. The Constitution copublisher and editor of a vvide­ reportedly vvidespread, and 46 ly read daily, vvho vvrote exten- Lithuanian bishops during a dedicatinn ceremony in the convent oi razaisns. r rom ieiL io riKn«,. lege that government officials provides defenaants the right to bishops — V. Michelevičius, 4. Vaičius, Cardinal Vincentas Sladkevičius, bishops R. Krikščiūnas vvork-related deaths vvere re- sively on organized crime, vvas apply pressure on them not to counsel. In practice, the right to and S. Tamkevičius. corded in the first 6 months of criticize governmental policies legal counsel is abridged by the murdered. In October 1994, the Photo by Pranas Abelkis 1995. LITHUANIAN Draugas, Saturday, October 5, 1996 5 PARLIAMENT: PAST VISIT TO THE PRISON AND PRESENT HOSPITAL IN VILNIUS Parliamentary elections Seimas During the Inter-war In this hospital in dovvntovvn throughout Lithuania will be Period have been nareoties users and Vilnius is an old building that held October 20 of this year. All the inereases of venereal disea- vvas built during the Russian Lithuanian citizens, even those The Council of Lithuania ses. The patients are not. only Czar occupation of Lithuania. living abroad and properly re­ vvhich on 16 February 1918 of- Lithuanians būt are also roino- An addition to the prison vvas gistered to vote, vvill participate ficially declared the in­ rities in Lithuania i.e. Rusftfans built in 1929. Needless to say in the elections as they are vital dependence of the State of and Poles and Bylearusaians. these facilities are devastating. to the demoeratie future of the Lithuania, had also stated that The conditions are the šame No matter vvhat remodeling country. Therefore, it is impor­ “The foundations of the Lithua­ for vvomen. When in labor the vvould be done vvould not help tant to familiarize ourselves nian State and its relations vvith vvoman prisoner is sent to a lo­ the situation. Understanding vvith one of the goveming bodies other statės” shall be determin- cal birthing hospital to deliver. these crovvded conditions a nevv of Lithuania — Seimas — Parlia­ ed by a Constituent Assembly After delivery if she chooses she prison hospital vvill be built in ment. These excerpts are from (Seimas) to be eleeted by the in- may keep her baby vvith her. If the next ten years in the com- the booklet “Seimas of the habitants of Lithuania on the her family vvants to take the plex of the University hospital, Republic of Lithuania, Short basis of universal, equal and baby home they are encourag- Santariškės complex. Guidebook, published in Vil­ secret suffrage. ed since there is no facility, not The hospital treats prisoners nius. The elections to the Consti­ even a crib in the cell for her in- tuent Seimas took place on vvho are sentenced vvith depriva­ fant. The crovvding in these tion of liberty. Prisoners are History 14-15 April 1920. One hundred units is abhorable. and tvvelve representatives of A castle in Kaunas. treated from the entire Re­ I vvas sent there becauae the public. The hospital has 300 Seimas is the legislative body the nation vvere democratically need for prevention is very real. dent of Lithuania and the beds. Prisoners are both men of the Republic of Lithuania and eleeted to the parliament. Seats tional rebirth vvas the Lithua­ coup failed in Moscovv in August Dr. Misevičius has compiled a Government led by Mykolas and vvomen. At present 5 preg- the main institution of represen- in the Seimas vvere distributed nian Reform Movement Sąjūdis, 1991 one after another the most very effective study on AIDS Sleževičius vvas svvorn in. The the massive demoeratie move­ nant vvomen are being held vvho tation of the People, vvith tradi­ as follovvs: the block of Christian povverful countries recognized and hepatitis B infections. This Non-aggression Treaty vvas sig- have not yet been eonvieted. tions dating back hundreds of Democrats — 59, Peasant and ment of people. Majority of the the restored independence of independant study vvas done ned vvith the Soviet Union in The hospital is divided in: years. Hovvever, many times the socialist Populists fiiaudininkai) Lithuanian Communist Party Lithuania. confidentially. Included in my vvhich Lithuania’s rights to 100 tubercular beds, 50 psy- history had forced us to abolish — 28, Sočiai Democrats — 12, members, and obedient CPSU By the end of its term, the report are the Computer graphs. Vilnius vvhich vvas under Polish chiatric beds, 75 surgical these traditions. Jevvs — 7, Poles — 3, Germans unit for decades, had also chosen Supreme Council drafted the This article vvas vvrittenfor occupation at that time vvere (trauma and gynecological), 60 The assembly of country’s — 1 and Independents — 2. On the interests of the nation and Constitution of the Republic of the University of Illinois at recognised. The nevv govern­ therapeutic beds, 15 dermato noblemen held at Salynas by 15 May the Constitpent Seimas dissociated themselves from Lithuania and also enacted the Chicx go for the World Aids Pro­ ment abolished the martial lavv A venereal. the river Nemunas in 1398 dur­ began its vvork. In 1995 this day Moscovv. Lavv on the elections to the posal project vvhich vvas com- and the restrietions of the Ages of these prisoners varies. ing the negotiations betvveen vvas declared the day of com- On 24 February 1990, after fif- Seimas. pleted, June, 1994. The project demoeratie freedoms. On the inerease are younger Lithuania and the Teutonic memoration in Lithuania. ty years of occupation the first involved countries vvhere there Work of the Seimas vvas inter- men belovv the age of 30. Order should most probably be The first adopted doeument free elections to the Surpeme Povvers and Obligations is a humongous incidenca of rupted by a coup d’etat executed The tuberculosis units are considered the earliest pro- vvas a resolution vvhich said that Council vvere held. Winners in AIDS: Brazil, Thailand, Botsvva- by the right-vving opposition on deplorable. There is no ventila- totype of the Seimas. The “the Constituent Seimas of the elections vvere the can­ Article 5 of the Constitution na, Svvaziland. Unfortunately, 17 December 1926. The Seimas tion of those cubicles. Because assembly named Vytautas the Lithuania, expressing the vviU didates backed by the Sąjūdis. of the Repbulic of Lithuania sets the proposal did not produce vvas dissolved on 12 April next of the overcrovvding each cubi- King of Lithuania thus express- of the people of Lithuania, The nevv Supreme Council forth the principles of the ac- financial support. If it vvould year. An authoritarian regime cle had six patients. They are all ing its support to Vytautas’s hereby proclaims, that the In­ reinstated the tradition of tivities of the parliament, elec­ have books on AIDS vvould have vvith nationalists ruling the kept together regardless of the struggle for the independence of dependent State of Lithuania is parliamentarism in Lithuania. tions to the Seimas as vvell as been translated in thej^ith- country vvas introduced in stages of disease. the State of Lithuania. re-established as a demoeratie On 11 March 1990 it pro­ the povvers of this institution. uania language and prpventjon Lithuania. The parliamentary The šame is for the hepatitis vvould have been enhanced in In 1401 vvhen establishing a republic vvithin its ethnologic mulgated a historic doeument, The Seimas consists of 141 • v . • ■ >r. 1 f rule of the country vvas infected patients. The only isola- nevv relationship betvveen borders and free from any of­ the Act “On the Re-establish- members vvho are eleeted for a Lithuania. As of date, they have terminated. tion provided is for very severe- Lithuania and Poland and draf- ficial obligations that had ever ments of the Independent State four-year term on the basis of a fantastic AIDS Center in been undertaken in respect vvith The Seimas vvas not convened ly iii prisoners. All cubicles are Vilnius under direction of Dr. ting the so-called Vilnius- of Lithuania.” It stated that universal, equal and direct suf­ in Lithuania again until 30 under very highly guarded un­ Saulius Čaplinskas and have Radome Act, not only the other statės.” The Seimas also “The Supreme Council of the frage by secret ballot. eleeted Aleksandras Stulginskis June 1936. Republic of Lithuania, express- Any Citizen of the Republic of der very striet security rules. opened an affiliate in Klaipėda, agreement documents betvveen In the Seimas elections of Vytautas and Jogaila and bet­ the first President of Lithuania. ing the vvill of the Nation, Lithuania vvho is not bound by These patients are also bedded the port city vvhere transients of 1936 the rights of voters vvere in six to a cubicle, vvith three vveen the noblemen of the tvvo The coalition Government vvas decides and promulgates that an oath or pledge to a foreign the sea frequent the houses of restrieted. The political parties double bunk beds. countries vvere dravvn up, būt, formed by Kazys Grinius. adminsitration of the sovereign statė and is at least 25 years of iii repute. uJnam vvere disbanded and the can­ The chief physician, Dr. Vidas moreover, the independence of In June 1920 the Seimas adop­ povvers of the State of Lithuania age on the day of eleetion and Kathleen Norr, PhDrR,N.i is didates, persons loyal to the Misevičius statės that they are the Grand Duchy of Lithuania ted the Provisional Constitution vvhich vvas interrupted in 1940 has been permanently residing vvorking on another proposal. regime, vvere nominated by vvas recognised. and the Constitution itself vvas by the alien forces, is reinstitu- in Lithuania may be eleeted a not short of personnel because Our previous materials are be­ formally promulgated on 1 county and municipal councils. ted and henceforth Lithuania Seimas member. doctors and nurses vvho vvork in ing used. The visit to the Prison In 1413 the first joint congress August 1922. According to the Constitution of shall be an independent statė... A member eleeted to the this facility are paid much more Hospital vvas essential for this of Lithuania and Polish magna­ During its tenure the Consti­ 1938, the povvers of the Seimas The Supreme Council of the Seimas assumes all the rights of than others vvorking in a non study. tes vvas convoked in Horodlo. tuent Seimas concluded a very vvere reduced: it could only con­ Republic of Lithuania as a body representative of nation only prison System. He is concerned Frances M. Šlutas, R.N. The legal acts drafted there important Peace Treaty vvith sider the draft lavvs and give the of the sovereign povvers shall upon taking an oath in the vvith the AIDS problem because Lithuanian Mercy Lift established the relationship of Russia, hovvever, during that recommendations to the Pre­ implement the complete sove­ Seimas to be loyal to the of the inerease of prisoners vvho member a union, not that of subordina- period Vilnius vvas insidiously sident. reignty of the State by this Act.” Republic of Lithuania. tion, betvveen Lithuania and seized by Poland. In September As President Antanas Smeto­ Validity of the 1938 Constitu­ Seimas convenes annually for Jnooo Poland and ofTicially highligh- 1921 Lithuania vvas admitted na vvielded the authority to tion of the Republic of Lithuania tvvo regular sessions — one in The structure and procedure days and tvvo on Thursdays — ted the political significance of into the League of Nations. make vital decisions, the pre- vvas briefly reinstated and on spring and one in fall. The of activities of the Seimas are are held during sessions of the the leading noblemen of Li­ Follovving approval of the vvar Seimas remained absolute- the šame day the Provisional Chairman of the Seimas may determined by the Statute of the Seimas. On Thursdays, the thuania. Constitution, the elections to Įy inactive in the face of the Fundamentai Lavv vvas adopted. call for extraordinary sessions Seimas vvhich has the povver of evening sitting is assigned to the First Seimas of Lithuania lavv. When Casimir, the Great disastrous events (loss of the Vytautas Landsbergis vvas upon the proposal of at least the Government, interpellations, vvere called for. The Seimas con­ The Chairman or Vice Chair­ Duke of Lithuania, ascended Klaipėda Territory, Molotov- eleeted the Chairman of the one-third of all the Seimas and rėplios to the questions of vened on 13 November 1922. It man of the Seimas presides over to the Polish throne, the su- Ribbentrop Pact, and occupation Supreme Council, and Bronislo­ members. In the cases envisag- Seimas members given by the vvas composed of 78 represen­ the sittings of the Seimas. There preme povver in Lithuania of the country by the Soviets). vas Juozas Kuzmickas, Kazi­ ed by the Constitution the ex- Seimas officers and heads of tatives chosen by the nation. As are three Vice Chairmen of the had thus became vested in the mieras Motieka and Česlovas traordinary sessions may be State institutions appointed by the position and the opposition The Occupation Years Stankevičius vvere chosen the Seimas. the Seimas. Council of Lords emerging at called by the President of the had practically equal represen- Vice Chairmen; Liudvikas Sa­ Republic. The Seimas Chancellor moni- During the lašt half hour of that time. It eventually bec­ In July 1940, vvhen Soviet tation in the parliament, go­ butis vvas eleeted the Secretary The Seimas considers and tors the drafting of documents every evening sitting,* • the ame the upper chamber of the vernment became exceedingly tanks vvere already stationed in and consideration of the draft Šeimas. Later on, alongside of the Supreme Council. adopts amendments to the Con­ Seimas members read their difficult and, therefore, in the country, by falsifying and documents in the Seimas. The vvith the Council of Lords, the Besides the leadership, other stitution, enacts and adopts statements and consider urgent March 1923 this Seimas vvas usurping the vvill on the Lithua­ Seimas has a Board consisting numerous assemblies of the members eleeted to the Presi- resolutions to hold referendums; issues of statė or electoral areas dissolved. nian People, the rigged elections of the Chairman and three Vice noblemen appeared vvhose par- dium of the Supreme Council approves or rejects the can- or International problems. - The Second Seimas vvas elee­ to the so-called People’s Seimas vvere Aleksandras Ambrazevi­ didature of the Prime Minister Chairmen of the Seimas and the The agendas offthe evening ticipation in the consideration of vvere held. Documents drafted ted on 12-13 May 1923. There čius, Egidijus Bičkauskas, Ro­ proposed by the President; con­ Seimas Chancellor. The princi­ sitting of every third Thursday the most important statė affairs by this assembly to Moscovv’^ vvere 78 members of the Seimas mas Gudaitis, Mečys Laurin­ siders the programme of the ple task of the Seimas Board is are dravvn up by parliamentary became indispensable. The Sei­ vvho represented the nation. The dietation formally legalized the mas used to assemble in Vilnius kus, Eugenijus Petrovas, Aloy­ Government submitted by the to settle organization issues of groups of the oppositin. Christian Democrats had ma- annexation of Lithuania. zas Sakalas, and Gediminas Prime Minister and decides the vvork of the Seimas. Lavvs of the Republic of or Brest-Litvosk. The Supreme Council of the *. • • z jority in this Seimas. During Vagnorius. vvhether to approve it or not; Seimas members may form Lithuania, resolutions of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist The Statute of Lithuania (a vvork lhis Seimas, sovereigni- Before expiration of their supervises the activities of the parliamentary groups for im- Seimas, and other decisions: of Republic vvhich funetioned Code of Lavvs) promulgated in ty ir , Klaipėda Territory vvas term of office, deputies of the Government and may express plementing their political goals. the Seimas are adopted at the throughout the period of Soviet 1566 gavę the Seimas the legis­ hanocd over to Lithuania, and Supreme Council established non-confidence in the Prime The parliamentary groups are sittings of the Seimas by simple occupation did not represent the lative povver. more stability vvas introduced the follovving parliamentary Minister; appoints Judges of the headed by their spokespersons. majority vote (i.e. more than into the economic situation of nation; it obeyed the vvill of the Seimas parliamentary groups or The Lublin Union of 1569 groups: Joint Sąjūdis, Polish, Constitutional Court and the half) of the Seimas members the country. This Seimas serv- occupants. their coalitions vvhich disagree merged the independent parlia- Liberal, Lithuanian Demoeratie Supreme Court as vvell as the participating in the sitting. ed the full term in office, i.e. The lašt Supreme Council of vvith Governmental pro­ ments of Poland and Lithuania, Labour Party as vvell as the Chairpersons of these Courts; the Draft lavvs on the amend­ three years. Hovvever, even four the LSSR led by Algirdas Bra­ gramme, may declare themsel­ hovvever, despite this fact, for Moderate, Reformed Nationa- appoints and dismisses the Sta­ ments of the Constitution mušt Governments changed during zauskas, urged by the nation list, Sąjūdis Centre, Sąjūdis te Controller and the Chairper- ves the opposition groups. be considered and yotingin the some time our gentry continued determined to regain its that time. They vvere led by Union, and Nation Progress son of the Board of the Bank of The Assembly of the Spokes­ Seimas thereon mušt be held tvvįce to convene their meetings to freedom, abolished the political Ernestas Galvanauskas, An­ groups. Lithuania; sets up the Central persons, convened regularly, vvith an adjournment of at least consider the matters of statė. rule by one-party (the Com- tanas Tumėnas, Vytautas During the tenure of the Eleetion Committee; announces considers the vvork programme three months betvveen voting*. A munist Party) and the censor- At the time of the finai parti- Petrulis and Leonas Bistras. Supreme Council four govern­ elections to the Municipal Coun­ of a session, the agendas of the lavv on amendment of the Con­ ship of press, declared the tion of the Commonvvealth (of The First and the Second Sei­ ments vvere formed led by cils; approves the State budget forthcoming vveek-or day-long stitution is deemed to have been Molotovv-Ribbentrop Pact nuli Poland and Lithuania) of 1795 mas eleeted Aleksandras Stul­ Kazimiera Danutė Prunskienė, and supervises its implementation; sittings of the Seimas; it also co- passed by the Seimas provided effectuated by Russia, Prussia, ginskis the President of and void, and the act of incor- Albertas Šimėnas, Gediminas ratifies and denounces Interna­ ordinats other issues. that at least tvvo thirds of all the poration of Lithuania into the and Austria, Lithuania no lon- Lithuania. Vagnorius and Aleksandras tional treaties vvhereto the The Seimas forms committees Seimas members voted in Soviet Union illegal. ger had either its ovvn Seimas or Elections to the Third Seimas Algirdas Abišala. Republic of Lithuania is a par­ from among its members for the favour thereof during. each joint vvith Poland. took place on 8-10 May 1926. While consolidating the in­ ty, and considers other issues of consideration of draft lavvs and voting. , ,. Feedom Once Again Only in 1905 the Great Sei­ The right-vving parties vvhich dependence of Lithuania, the foreign policy; imposes direct other issues. It also forms stan- Other constitutional lavvs are mas of Vilnius vvas convened, used to dominate in the Seimas In the vvake of reforma started Supreme Council together vvith administration and martial lavv, ding and temporary commisions adopted by simple mąjority vote the tvvo thousand delegates of vvere novv replaced by the mode- by M. Gorbachev in the Soviet the vvhole country had to declares a statė of emergency; such as Commission on Ethics of all the Seimas members. vvhich discussed affairs of the rate leftists (Peasant Populists Union, the Lithuanian people undergo a horrifying trial and announces mobilization and and Procedure, Administrative, The Office of the Seimas is nation experiencing a rebirth at and Sočiai Democrats.) Kazys rose up determined to regain to vvitness the bloodshed. Būt adops decisions to ūse the arm- and other commisions. formed to ensure the vvork of the that time. Grinius vvas eleeted the Presi- their freedom. The symbol of na­ the nation vvithstood. After the ed forces. Four sittings — tvvo on Tues- Seimas.

♦ l 6 Draugas, Saturday, October 5, 1996 and so should you, the public. ABOUT LITHUANIAN men, artists in particular, to ūse giving babies the narnės of th< Remember vvhat “Fanfare” Ma­ their maiden narnės. family is štili alive, provided th< gazine vvrote: “Mūza Rubacky­ NAMES Up until the end of the 14th relative is or vvas an honorablc tė is an artist of phenomenal century .Lithuanians used to be peram. Art News povvers vvho mušt be counted BY JUOZAS KUDIRKA given ethnic narnės. Christian among the most gifted pianists narnės of Hebrevv, Greek, Latin, “The Lithuaniane,” An Ethnii Portrait. Vilnius of her generation.” So, pencil in By tradition, Lithuanians Jeronimas, Jurgis, Kipras, Kris­ German and Slavic orgin came and reserve your seats for Nov. have tvvo narnės — the suimame, tupas, Leonidas, Petras, vvith the introduction of Chris­ 10 in Chicago at the Lithuanian inharited from one’s father Steponas, Zenonas. Moving tianity (e.g. malė narnės: An­ Jesuit Youth Center. (more rarely, from mother) and from language to language drius, Antanas, Jonas, Juozas, On a personai note: Lašt April the given name. Sumames ap- these narnės changed their Jurgis, Kazys, Leonas, Petras, this author vvas flattered to be peared in Lithuania vvith the in- outer form and became the link- Simonas; female narnės: Agota, asked by Chicago’s premier clas- troduction of Christianity vvhen ing elements betvveen different Ieva, Magdalena, Marįja, Ona, sical FM radio station WFMT to at baptism people vvere given a languages. A lot of them Veronika, Simona and others). give a concert celebrating my Christian name vvhich vvas, as developed into sumames, for ex- The revival of Lithuanian 42nd debut anniversary. The a rule, used before the ethnic ample, Andrius (from Gr. An- ethnic narnės came vvith the na­ concert proved to be such a suc­ name. This vvas hovv from the dreas “manly, couragoeus”’) tional rebirth at the turn of the cess that the station asked me very beginning Lithuanians got gavę the follovving sumames: 20th century. The first calen- to sing another concert this surnames of foreign origin. Andraitis, Andriulis, Andri­ dars vvith ethnic narnės were season celebrating my five de- Among the priviledged classes jauskas, Andriukaitis, Andriu- published in the 1920’s. In 1930, cades of opera/concert longevi- sumames took root much sooner kevičius, Endrašius, En­ the jubilee year of Vytautas the ty. Naturally, I vvas flattered (in the first half of the 15th cen­ driukaitis, Indriulaitis and Great, his name became ex- and readily accepted, būt only tury) vvhere as among the pea­ others; 245 sumames have been tremely popular. At present the Ingrida Bublienė. if I could share the tvvo hour sants sumames became esta- derived from Petras, 170 from popularity of Christian and eth­ time slot vvith the gifted Mūza blished as late as the 17th cen­ Grigas, 160 from Jurgis, 145 nic narnės has increased again. A NEW HONORARY Mūza Rubeckytė. Rubackytė. The producer vvho tury or even later. To the pre- from Steponas, 140 from Am­ Some people have tvvo or even COUNSUL OF LITHUANIA vvas unfamiliar vvith the sent time 50,000 sumames have braziejus, 115 from Alek­ three narnės because only a Vilnius, Sept. 17 — Ingrida THE MAGNIFICENT MŪZA Rubackytė name had to be con- been registered in Lithuania. sandras. Christian name can be given at vinced even though my recom- Bublienė a very prominent and The mojority of them are of The most frequent sumame in baptism. active member of Lithuanian By ARNOLD VOKETAITIS mendation vvas sufficient. So, foreign origin derived from pro­ Lithuania is Kazlauskas, the se­ Today Lithuanians are often after listening to excerpts from community in the USA, vvas ap- per or common nouns of other cond place in popularity belongs given the narnės of the Lithua­ pointed by the Seimas (Parlia­ In recent years there has been ly giving concerts and recitals one of her recordings he vvas languages. to Petrauskas. nian Grand Dukes (Algirdas, ment) the Honorary Counsul of a deluge of Lithuanian musi- through out Europe and novv for delighted at vvhat he heard and Surnames of Lithuanian or One of the peculiarities vvhich Vytautas, Mindaugas, Birutė), Lithuania in Cleveland, Ohio. cians of various talents visiting the second year the USA vvhere honored to have her for our Baltic derivation constitute strikes the foreigner is the dif- Christian narnės, ethnic narnės There are tvvc other Honorary our shores to perform and, ho- this summer she captivated au- “Live from Studio One” concert. rather a small percentage. The ference betvveen the malė sur­ of other nations, mythological Consulates of Lithuania in the pefully, make an imression on diences at the prortiinent Nevv- Alė Rėželis, the dynamic origin is usually traced to an- names and those of married and narnės (Austėja, Laima), narnės US: Mr. Vytautas Čekanauskas all who hear them. One who has port Music Festival (NY). Her Lithuanian-American Com­ cient Lithuanian personai na­ unmarried vvomen. The surna­ ofliterary origin (Adam Micke- is the Honorary Counsul in Los already made an impression repetoire besides Liszt and munity Cultural Events direc­ rnės such as Budrys, Girdenis, mes of married vvomen are form- vvicz’s Gražina, Vydūnas’ Dai­ Angeles, Calif., and Mr. Vaclo­ outside Lithuania on the Euro­ Čiurlionis is extremely im- tor, vvho arranged for Mūza Tylenis, Vilkas, Amantas, Bu­ ed by dropping the ending of the va), narnės derived from place vas Kleiza, Chicago, IL. There pean continent and novv here on pressive vvith a list of composers Rubackytė’s Nov. 10 concert, kantas, Rimgaila, Vizgirda, malė suraame and adding the narnės (Naglis, Neringa are is būt one acting Consulate in our shores is the “beautiful and reaching from Bartok through contacted her regarding the Tarvydas. Other surnames can suffix — ienė, for example, place narnės on the coast of the Nevv York, NY. talented pianist” Mūza Ru- to Von Weber. In betvveen one radio concert and she gene- be traced to common nouns Katilius — Katilienė, Varnas, Baltic Sea vvhich are used also backytė. Her recordings and mušt not forget Chopin, Rach- rously accepted the idea of a vvhich vvere used as nicknames Varnienė, Zųjus, — Zujienė (or as personai narnės). Very often CDs have garnered exquisite maninoff, Mozart, Beethoven joint concert. Please stay tuned such as Baltakis “White-eyed”, Zųjuvienė). Thus, the suffix — female narnės are derived from POLICE ARRESTS 28 IL- reviews in many major record and on and on. Brava, Mūza! to WFMT, read Draugas and Didgalvis “Big-headed”, Kuprys ienė carries the šame meaning malė narnės merely by changing LEGAL MIGRANTS journals and, thusly, brought Academia reached out to her other local nevvspapers in the “Hunchback”, or to narnės of as the English Mrs. used before the ending, for example, Vytau­ Vilnius, Sept 16 (ELTA) — her to the attention of many im- and she novv serves in pro- future months for actual broad- trades and profesions such as a married vvoman’s name. The tas — Vytautė. At present, the Lithuanian border police lašt presari. With an extended repe- fessiorial positions at the cast date. Dailidė “Carpenter”, Kubilius surnames of unmarried vvomen list of narnės vvhich are in ūse vveekend detained 28 illegal toire of programs and orchestrai Lithuanian National Academy “Cooper”, Puodžius “Potter”, are formed by adding the suf- or are recommended for ūse, in­ migrants from Asian countries. concerti plūs the recognition as of Music, the European Conser­ BALTIC ARTS ‘96 Račius “Wheelvvright”, or even fixes, -aite, ytė, -utė, -tė, for ex- clude 3500 narnės. The group included people from being a superb interpreter of vatory in Paris and gives to place narnės such as ample, Katilius, -Katiliūtė, Zu- At the begining of the 20th Šri Lanka, Pakistan, India, and Liszt, Mūza Rubackytė is vvell Master Classes at the Tchaikov­ Bugailiškis “from Bugailiai”, jus,-Zujūtė, Varnas -Varnaitė, century babies vvere often given Afganistan. This year the Lith­ on her vvay to becming a “ma­ sky Conservatory of Moscovv in Pažeimys “from Žeimys”, Banys -Banaitė. narnės vvhich they “had brought uanian border police already de­ jor artist of her generation.” Sarlat, France. Besides all those Puniškis “from Punia” and so The second half of the 20th at birth”, that is, the narnės of tained 862 A/ian Citizens try- It should be vvith extreme concerts and academic duties on. century savv the emergence of a the saints on vvhose day the ing to gain illegal entry into pride that vve as Lithuanians re- Mūza adjudicated the Lithua­ f' f’l H « r •,# Surnames of foreign origin nevv tradition for married vvo­ baby vvas born. The tradition of Lithuania. joice iri Mūza Rubackytė’s suc­ nian International Piano Com­ came to Lithuania at different cess as we vvould other deserv- petition vvhen held. times and in different vvays. ing Lithuanians. She vvill be It is only proper that I men- BALTIC ARTS '96 There are surnames of Latin, making a concert appearance at tion a fevv of Mūza Rubackytė’s lSH?r H* I Al VIA I I III’ IMJIA Greek, Hebrevv, Slavic, Ger- the Lithuanian Jesuit Youth press revievvs as all artists are manic, Tatar and other origin. Center in Chicago on Nov. 10, proud to inform a nevv public of Baltic Arts ‘96 is the first all- Some came through direct con- 1996 at 3:00 PM to the delight vvhat others have thought of embracing festival of art and tacts vvith the speakers of of all Lithuanians and those their talents and performances. culture from the three Baltic foreign languages, for example, pure music and piano lovers in Some are as follovvs: States of Estonia, Latvia, and the majority of Slavic, Ger­ a program of Bach/Busoni, Čiur­ 1. Fanfare-USA (The Magazi­ Lithuania to take place in Great manio, Jevvish surnames; other lionis and, of course, Liszt. ne for Serious Record Col- Britain. The festival includes came via a third language, Those vvho knovv this vvriter as lectors.) music, theatre, poetry, films, mostly via one of the Slavic a bass-baritone soloist of some “The sultry Lithuanian beau- and exhibitions. languages, as for example, the repute vvill ask vvhy has a voca- ty, Mūza Rubackytė is a born Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania sumames of Greek, Roman and list undertaken to vvrite about Liszt player vvith an instinctive have developed very different Hebrevv origin. a pianist. Well, (1.) I vvas ask- grasp of the vvay that flourishes, cultures in the face of a long The greatest number of Lith­ ed. (2.) Why not! (3.) She’s fioritūra, rippling arpeggios, history of conquest and oppres- uanian surnames and first fellovv artist and, thusly, a tremolos and massive chords sion. Yet all three countries narnės are derived from Greek colleague. call for in color and skili.” have developed their cultural narnės vvhich came to Lithuania With introductions aside, 2. Gramaphone-2/95. identities through the povver of via the Slavic countries or Mūza’s playing in mind and “Mūza Rubackytė performs their native languages and folk Westera Europe together vvith handfull of materials about her all the vvorks of Čiurlionis vvith traditions. Independence bet­ Christianity, for example, musical accomplishments, let distinction and is clearly a musi- vveen the tvvo vvorld vvars afFirm- Aleksas, Aleksandras, Andrius, me tell you about — Mūza ciąn of rare talent as is evident ed the development of the cul­ Dinizas, Eugenijus, Ipolitas, Rubackytė. from her vvholly convincing tural explosion vvhich had Bom in Lithuania into a fami- transcription of the three ex- begun in the middle of the 19th some leading rock groups; also century, and the culture of the ly of musicians she made her tant movements of Čiurlionis’s folk music; Photo by Kazys Ambrozaitis professional debut in Vilnius at string ąuartet. I recommend ar­ three countries has once again Theatre: Mažasis Teatras of ------the age of 7 vvith the Lithuanian tist and recording vvith en- found free expression since re- Vilnius; National Chamber Orchestra. thusiasm.” gaining independence in the Film: “Jausmai” (Feelings) SUBSCRIPTION FORM FOR ENGLISH EDITION OF At 13, she vvon lst Prize in the 3. Classic Co. 1990s. (Algirdas Dausa & Almantas National Young Artist Competi- “Mūza Rubackytė’s selfless Baltic Arts ‘96 features not Grikevičius). “Kadaise Lietuvo­ tion and vvas admitted to the poetry makes Liszt even more only outstanding artists from je” (Once Upon a Time in Lith­ DRAUGAS famous Moscovv Tchaikovsky exciting. An excellent Lithua­ each country, many of vvhom are uania) (Zenonas Šteinys). “Mo­ Conservatory. During those nian pianist, Ms. Rubackytė is nevv to this country, būt also teris ir keturi jos vyrai” (A Subscription Rates: for 6 month $40.00, for 1 year $60.00 and for 2 years $110.00 years of study she competed and an accomplished virtuoso vvho significant innovative vvork in Woman and her four Men) (Algi­ vvon lst Prize at the Interna­ makes no shovv of virtuosity. many genres. Patrons of Baltic mantas Puipa), “Baubas” (The tional Tallinn Piano Competi- Even in the formidable Erl- Arts ‘96 are the Ambassadors of Bogey Man) (Uja Bereznickas). tion and shortly thereafter konig bravūra... she can make the Republics of Estonia, Latvia “Žemės Keleiviai” (Pilgrims of Lašt Name:______First Name MI____ avvarded the Conservatory’s lst flesh creep.” and Lithuania: Neeme Jarvi, the Earth) (Gytis Lukšas). “Ika­ Prize in piano plūs chamber 4. Boston Globe-7/95. Mariss Janson, Ingeborg Dap­ rus” (Icarus) (Henrikas Vai- music and accompaniment. “... her huge intrepid perfor­ kūnaitė. gauskas). “Ir jis pasakė jums Address:______In 1981, Mūza Rubackytė en­ mances, fulminating and gir- Baltic Arts ‘96: Festival Of­ sudie” (And He bid You Fare­ tered the Budapest Interna­ lishly vvhimsical by turns fice: 45 Nottingham Place, Lon­ vvell) (Audrius Šiuša). “Laimės tional Piano Competition other- brought people shouting to their don, W1M 3FE Tel: 0171 312 žiburys” (The Light of Hap- City:State ZipCode vvise knovvn as Liszt-Bartok and feet at the end of each piece.” 0040; Fax: 0171 312 0042. piness) (Nijolė Valadkevičiūtė). resoundingly vvon the Grand- 5. Providence-7/95. The festival vvill run from Oc­ “Praėjusios dienos atminimui” Prix. Mūza Rubackytė vvas back for tober 8 through Oct. 26, al­ (In Memory of a Day Gone By) With the vvelcome arrival of another lesson in just hovv the though some events scheduled (Šarūnas Bartas). “Neregių že­ Please enter my subscription for: “perestroika” in 1989 she mov­ piano should be played. as early as the middle of mė” (Earth of the Blind) (Au­ ( mark your choice vvith an X) ed to Paris vvhere she then 6. London Musical opinion. September. drius Stonys). “Už slenksčio” 6 month____ 1 year______2 years_____ entered the prestigious Paris In­ “Mūza Rubackytė... a rare Lithuanians are participating (Behind the Threshold) (Diana ternational Piano Competition treat of a rare talent.” in all the events: music, film, & Kornelijus Matuzevičiai). Please make out a check payable to “ Draugas “ and mail it to: “Les Grands Maitres Francsis” As an artist, vvho has knovvn theatre, art exhibitions, poetry. At the poetry readings “baltic Draugas, 4545 West 63rd Street, Chicago, IL 60629 and took lst Prize. Her Euro­ many fine pianists in my career, Among the participants are: Voices: Poetry From The Bal­ If you have any ųuestions please feel free to call us at ( 312 ) 585-9500 and ask for the pean career vvas novv off and I look forvvard to Mūza Ru­ Music: M. K. Čiurlionis String tics” appears Lithuania is repre­ subscription department. running. She travels extensive- backytė’s coming and playing Quartet; David Geringas (cello); sented by Sigitas Gęda.