Diplomarbeit
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DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit Anglo-Austrian Cultural Relations between 1944 and 1955. Influences, Cooperation and Conflicts. Verfasserin Isabella Lehner angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Philosophie (Mag. phil.) Wien, im Juli 2011 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 312 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Geschichte Betreuer: Univ.-Prof. Mag. DDr. Oliver Rathkolb 2 Eidesstattliche Erklärung Ich erkläre eidesstattlich, dass ich die Arbeit selbständig angefertigt, keine anderen als die angegebenen Hilfsmittel benutzt und alle aus ungedruckten Quellen, gedruckter Literatur oder aus dem Internet im Wortlaut oder im wesentlichen Inhalt übernommenen Formulierungen und Konzepte gemäß den Richtlinien wissenschaftlicher Arbeiten zitiert, durch Fußnoten gekennzeichnet beziehungsweise mit genauer Quellenangabe kenntlich gemacht habe. Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde bisher weder in gleicher noch in ähnlicher Form einer anderen Prüfungsbehörde vorgelegt und auch noch nicht veröffentlicht. Ort Datum Unterschrift 3 Acknowledgements This thesis owes much to the generosity and cooperation of others. Firstly, I am highly indebted to my supervisor Professor Oliver Rathkolb for his guidance and support. I owe a special thank you to Dr. Jill Lewis and (soon to be PhD) Helen Steele for repeatedly inspiring and encouraging me. Furthermore, I would like to thank Mag. Florentine Kastner for her support. Thank you for a friendship beyond history. Sincere thanks also go to the staff at The National Archives in Kew, and to the Institute of Germanic and Romance Studies at the University of London, especially Dr. Martin Liebscher, for assisting me during my research in London. A very special thank you goes to Raimund! Without your inspiring ideas, support and understanding this thesis would never have been completed. 4 Contents 1. Introduction........................................................................................................9 1.1. Research Questions ....................................................................................................10 1.2. State of Research..........................................................................................................10 1.3. State of Source Material............................................................................................13 2. Historical and Theoretical Framework .........................................................15 2.1. Historical Setting .........................................................................................................15 2.1.1. British Planning for Post-War Austria.......................................................15 2.1.2. The Allied Occupation of Austria..................................................................17 2.1.3. The British Perspective on Cultural Activities .......................................23 2.2. Theoretical Approach ................................................................................................26 3. The British Council..........................................................................................31 3.1. The British Council’s Early Years..........................................................................31 3.2. Changes and Post- War Perspectives..................................................................33 3.3. The British Council in Austria................................................................................35 4. The Anglo-Austrian (Democratic) Society ....................................................43 4.1. Excursus: Emigration and Exile.............................................................................43 4.1.1. Austrian Self-Aid .................................................................................................44 4.1.2. The Austrian Centre...........................................................................................44 4.1.3. The London Bureau of the Austrian Socialists in Great Britain......46 4.1.4. The Free Austrian Movement........................................................................46 4.1.5. The Austrian Representative Committee .................................................47 4.1.6. The Austrian Democratic Union ...................................................................47 4.1.7. Legitimistic Organisations ..............................................................................48 4.1.8. Context and Outlook ..........................................................................................48 4.2. The Foundation of the Anglo-Austrian (Democratic) Society..................49 4.3. Membership...................................................................................................................50 4.4. The Aims of the Anglo-Austrian Democratic Society...................................51 4.5. The Anglo-Austrian Society after the Second World War..........................52 4.5.1. Aid to Austria Appeal Committee.................................................................53 5 4.5.2. Gift Food Parcels Scheme ................................................................................54 4.5.3. Children Reception Committee.....................................................................54 4.6. Broadening the Society .............................................................................................56 4.7. Cultural Activities........................................................................................................58 4.8. The British Authorities Attitude Towards the Anglo-Austrian Society58 4.9. Cultural Exchange........................................................................................................61 4.10. The Anglo-Austrian Society’s Weaknesses....................................................63 4.11. The Cultural Convention and the Anglo-Austrian Society ......................65 4.11.1. The Cultural Convention between Austria and the United Kingdom..............................................................................................................................65 4.11.2. The Cultural Convention from the Perspective of the British Council .................................................................................................................................68 4.11.3. Fighting for Recognition................................................................................69 4.12. Utilising Personal Connections...........................................................................74 5. The Austro-British Society..............................................................................78 5.1. Excursus: Austro-English Society.........................................................................78 5.2. Planning for the Foundation of the Austro-British Society.......................79 5.3. The Foundation of the Austro-British Society ................................................86 5.4. Membership...................................................................................................................86 5.5. Establishing the Society............................................................................................87 5.6. The Aims of the Austro-British Society..............................................................90 5.7. Cultural Activities........................................................................................................91 5.8. The Austro-British Society in Austria’s Provinces ........................................94 5.9 Criticisms and Interdependence............................................................................94 5.10. Changing Conditions................................................................................................99 5.11. Excursus: Personnel Continuities...................................................................100 6. Conclusion ......................................................................................................104 7. Bibliography...................................................................................................107 7.1. Primary Sources........................................................................................................107 7.2. Secondary Sources ...................................................................................................108 7.3. Journal Articles..........................................................................................................114 6 7.4. Additional Sources ...................................................................................................115 Abbreviations .....................................................................................................117 8. Appendix.........................................................................................................118 8.1. The Cultural Convention between Austria and the United Kingdom.118 8.2. German Abstract.......................................................................................................124 8.3. English Abstract ........................................................................................................124 Curriculum Vitae.............................................. Fehler! Textmarke nicht definiert. 7 8 1. Introduction The decision to conduct research on the cultural relations between Austria and the United Kingdom had been in the back of my mind for some time. Upon returning from my Erasmus year in Swansea in Wales, I chose to combine my pronounced personal interest in the