Brick and Architectural Ceramics Architectural Association – November 2017

Alexis Harrison Materials | Advanced Technology & Research

1 Brick & Architectural Ceramics

1. Definitions 2. History 3. Manufacturing 4. Case Studies

2 What’s the most expensive ceramic object in the world?

Brick & Architectural Ceramics 1. Definitions

Brick & Architectural Ceramics 1 2 3

4 5 6

5 Definitions 2. History

Brick & Architectural Ceramics 7 Choga Zanbil Ziggurat – Mesopotamia (Iran) – approx. 2000 years BC Choga Zanbil Ziggurat – Mesopotamia (Iran) – approx. 2000 years BC 8 From Brick – A World History. Image ©Will Pryce willpryce.com 9 Warehouse entrance, Ostia (Roman seaport), Italy – approx 150 AD Left: 19th Century replacements of 16th Century rubbed & gauged brickwork chimneys: 10 Hampton Court Palace. Right: Cutting red rubbers with a wire saw and gauge box Left: Coade Stone lion , Westminster, London. Image ©Will Pryce willpryce.com 11 Right: Restoration on the Royal Albert Hall, London. Image ©Shaws of Darwen Natural History Museum, London 12 Alfred Waterhouse 1873-1881 Natural History Museum, London 13 Alfred Waterhouse 1873-1881 Prudential Guaranty Building, Buffalo, New York by Louis Sullivan & Dankmar Adler 14 1894. Image © Amy Frankie Smith amyfrankiesmith.co.uk Flatiron, New York City - 1902 15 Daniel Burnham 16 17 Covent Garden 18 Gloucester Road Tube Station, London 19 Robie House, Chicago – Frank Llloyd Wright Johnson Wax Research Tower – Frank Lloyd Wright 20 Battersea Power Station – Sir Giles Gilbert Scott 21 Alvar Aalto and Louis Kahn IRCAM extension, Paris by Renzo Piano 1989 22 From Brick – A World History. Image ©Will Pryce willpryce.com 23 Terracotta rainscreen cladding 24 Potsdamer Platz – Berlin. Renzo Piano Building Workshop 25 Brandhorst Museum - Munich - Sauerbruch + Hutton. Images courtesy of NBK St. Butolphs Hall Appartments - Spittalfields by Matthew Lloyd 26 Image courtesy of NBK Ceramic Central Saint Giles, London by Renzo Piano Building Workshop 27 Images courtesy of NBK Ceramic Central Saint Giles, London by Renzo Piano Workshop 28 Image courtesy of NBK Ceramic Central Saint Giles, London by Renzo Piano Workshop 29 Image courtesy of NBK Ceramic Spanish Pavilion, Aichi Japan Expo 2005, Foreign Office Architects 30 Pieces by Ceramica Cumella - Spain 31 Yu'un House, Tokyo by Tadao Ando using a platinum glaze finish House by Grayson Perry and FAT for Alain De Botton/Living 32 Architecture 33 House by Grayson Perry and FAT for Alain De Botton/Living Architecture 34 35 Kolumba, Cologne, Germany by Peter Zumthor LSE Saw Hock Student Centre by O’Donnell Tuomey Architects 36 37 LSE Saw Hock Student Centre by O’Donnell Tuomey Architects 38 Porotherm insulating clay blocks – images courtesy of Wienerberger 39 Earth bricks 3. Manufacturing

Brick & Architectural Ceramics 41 42 Extract from Houses – ©Potter M&A, WS Cowell Ltd, London 1960 43 Handmaking – WT Lamb, Pitshill Works, West Sussex 44 45 Clamp firing bricks – Ibstock West Hoathly, West Sussex 46 Extruding wirecut bricks 47 Extruding wirecut bricks 48 Extruding wirecut bricks 49 Hand pressing terracotta – timber model of a capital – Shaws of Darwen 50 Hand pressing terracotta – plaster mould of a capital – Shaws of Darwen 51 Hand pressing terracotta – mould filled with clay– Shaws of Darwen 52 Hand pressing 53 Hand pressing terracotta – Firing of piece - Shaws of Darwen 54 Slip casting – Shaws of Darwen 55 Slip casting – Shaws of Darwen 56 Slip casting – Royal Tichelaar, Holland 57 Slip casting from 3D printed moulds 58 Slip cast terracotta screen 59 Five-axis CNC wire cutting – Boston Valley Terra Cotta 60 Extrusion 61 Extruding clay self curving on a turntable 62 Double helix extrusions 63 3d Scanning for restoration work – Boston Valley Terracotta 64 Soft clay (Jonathan Keeps) and powdered clay 3d printing 65 3D Printed ‘bricks’ Building Bytes, Brian Peters 66 67 Five-axis CNC wire cutting – Boston Valley Terra Cotta 68 Five-axis CNC wire cutting – Boston Valley Terra Cotta 69 Five-axis CNC wire cutting – Boston Valley Terra Cotta 70 Five-axis CNC wire cutting – Boston Valley Terra Cotta 71 Alexis Harrison - Arup 72 Alexis Harrison - Arup 4. Case Studies

Brick & Architectural Ceramics Villa Nurbs, Spain 74 Enric Ruiz-Geli and Cloud 9 Villa Nurbs, Spain 75 Enric Ruiz-Geli and Cloud 9 Villa Nurbs, Spain 76 Enric Ruiz-Geli and Cloud 9 Villa Nurbs, Spain 77 Enric Ruiz-Geli and Cloud 9 Villa Nurbs, Spain by Enric Ruiz-Geli and Cloud 9 78 Image © Ceramica Cumella Villa Nurbs, Spain by Enric Ruiz-Geli and Cloud 9 79 Images © Ceramica Cumella 80 24 Savile Row, London by EPR Architects with ceramicist Kate Malone 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 Contemporary Brickwork Alexis Harrison – Arup Advanced Technology + Research

99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 One Eagle Place, Piccadilly, London 113 Eric Parry Architects/Stanhope One Eagle Place, Piccadilly, London 114 Eric Parry Architects/Stanhope One Eagle Place, Piccadilly, London 115 Eric Parry Architects/Stanhope One Eagle Place, Piccadilly, London 116 Eric Parry Architects/Stanhope One Eagle Place, Piccadilly, London 117 Eric Parry Architects/Stanhope One Eagle Place, Piccadilly, London 118 Eric Parry Architects/Stanhope One Eagle Place, Piccadilly, London 119 Eric Parry Architects/Stanhope One Eagle Place, Piccadilly, London 120 Eric Parry Architects/Stanhope One Eagle Place, Piccadilly, London 121 Eric Parry Architects/Stanhope One Eagle Place, Piccadilly, London 122 Eric Parry Architects/Stanhope One Eagle Place, Piccadilly, London 123 Eric Parry Architects/Stanhope One Eagle Place, Piccadilly, London 124 Eric Parry Architects/Stanhope One Eagle Place, Piccadilly, London 125 Eric Parry Architects/Stanhope One Eagle Place, Piccadilly, London 126 Eric Parry Architects/Stanhope One Eagle Place, Piccadilly, London 127 Eric Parry Architects/Stanhope One Eagle Place, Piccadilly, London 128 Eric Parry Architects/Stanhope One Eagle Place, Piccadilly, London 129 Eric Parry Architects/Stanhope One Eagle Place, Piccadilly, London 130 Eric Parry Architects/Stanhope One Eagle Place, Piccadilly, London 131 Eric Parry Architects/Stanhope What’s the most expensive ceramic object in the world?

Brick & Architectural Ceramics Porcelain: Qianlong porcelain vase c.1740 133 ChinaQianlong stone (feldspar) +porcelain kaolin (white china clay vase) c.1740 Bricks & Architectural Ceramics

1. Definitions 2. History 3. Manufacturing 4. Case Studies

134 Brick and Architectural Ceramics Architectural Association – November 2017

Alexis Harrison Materials | Advanced Technology & Research

135