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Name ______Class ______Date ______The American Colonies Emerge Section 2 An English Settlement at Jamestown Terms and Names Leader of Jamestown joint-stock companies Companies in which investors pooled their wealth with the hope of yielding a profit Jamestown First permanent English settlement in North America Powhatan Native Americans who lived in the area that became Jamestown headright system The Company’s system in which settlers and the family members who came with them each received 50 acres of land indentured servants Workers who exchanged their labour for help getting started in America royal colony A colony under the direct control of a monarch Nathaniel Bacon Planter who led a rebellion in 1676 against the of the Virginia Colony

Before You Read In the last section, you learned how the Spanish claimed an empire in the Americas. In this section, you will learn how the English came to North America and founded their own colonies.

As You Read Use a time line to take notes on the colonization of Virginia.

ENGLISH SETTLERS STRUGGLE IN Many English colonists wanted to get NORTH AMERICA (Pages 42–46) rich quick by finding gold. They did not What happened at Jamestown? take time to grow food. As a result, many John Smith was a soldier and adventurer. colonists at Jamestown died. By the winter In 1606, he joined the . It of 1607, only 39 colonists remained alive. was a joint-stock company which allowed Then John Smith took control of the investors to pool their wealth to fund a settlement. He forced the colonists to colony. In 1607, the Virginia Company sent farm. He received help from the 150 colonists aboard three ships to North Powhatan inhabitants of the area, who America. The colonists built a settlement offered the colonists food. Under Smith’s along the coast of modern-day Virginia. leadership, the colony slowly recovered. They called the colony Jamestown in honor An injury forced Smith to return to of King James I. It was the first permanent England. After he left, the settlement grew English colony in the Americas. disorganized. Again, many colonists

Original content © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. 20 Guided Reading Workbook Name ______Class ______Date ______Section 2, continued starved to death. The colony was saved Native Americans. Instead, they struggled when more colonists and supplies arrived to drive the Native Americans away. from England. As Jamestown grew, the colony needed The new settlers restored order to more land for farming. As a result, the Jamestown. They also began to grow English settlers seized Powhatan land. In tobacco. The colonists discovered that 1622, the Native Americans fought back. they could sell this crop in Europe for a They attacked numerous colonial villages. great profit. The colony needed more More than 340 colonists were killed. The settlers to grow more tobacco. To lure Native American attack forced the more settlers to Jamestown, the Virginia Virginia Company to send in more troops Company started the headright system in and supplies. This left the company nearly 1618. Under this system, each new person bankrupt. The turmoil in Virginia angered who came to the colony received 50 acres the English government. As a result, the of land and another 50 acres for each king took over the colony from the family member who came. Virginia Company. Virginia became a Most of the people who arrived, royal colony—a colony under the control however, did not come under the headright of the king. system. Most came as indentured England sent in more settlers to servants. In exchange for passage to strengthen the colony. The government North America, as well as food and also sent in more troops to conquer the shelter, an indentured servant agreed to Native Americans. By 1644, nearly 10,000 work on a farm for several years. After English settlers lived in Virginia. The that time, the indentured servant would be native population continued to decrease. free. Most indentured servants were poor 2. How did becoming a royal colony help English citizens in search of a new life. Virginia? In 1619, the first Africans arrived in North America. They were treated as ______indentured servants. After several years of labor, they gained their freedom. In the ______decades to come, more and more Africans would arrive in North America—not as ECONOMIC DIFFERENCES SPLIT indentured servants, but as slaves. VIRGINIA (Pages 47–48) 1. How did tobacco help save the Who held the power in Virginia? settlement at Jamestown? In addition to fighting Native Americans, the English settlers fought ______among themselves. Wealthy landowners controlled life in the colony. Freed ______indentured servants had little money to buy land. Because they did not own land, THE SETTLERS CLASH WITH they could not vote and had almost no NATIVE AMERICANS (Pages 46–47) rights. They were forced to live on the How did English colonists treat the western edge of Virginia. Out there, they Native Americans? constantly fought with the Native Unlike the Spanish, English settlers had Americans for land. no desire to live among or intermarry with

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Virginia’s government refused to help 3. Why did Nathaniel Bacon lead a these poor settlers in their battles with rebellion against the governor of Native Americans. Nathaniel Bacon, a Virginia? wealthy planter, came to the settlers’ rescue. He raised an army to fight the ______Native Americans. The governor of Virginia declared that army illegal. When ______Bacon heard this, he led a group of marchers into Jamestown. They protested the government’s treatment of poor settlers. The march turned violent. The government eventually put down the rebellion.

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As you read this section, fill out the chart below by answering questions about Jamestown.

1. Who? Who were the settlers? Who were their leaders? Who were their neighbors? 2. What? What type of colony was Jamestown at first? What did it later become? 3. When? When was Jamestown settled? When was the “starving time”? 4. Why? Why did the settlers go to Jamestown? Why did others support them? Why didn’t the settlers get along with their neighbors? Why did Jamestown nearly fail? 5. Where? Where was Jamestown? 6. How? How was Jamestown saved from failure?

Original content © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. 23 Guided Reading Workbook Name ______Class ______Date ______The American Colonies Emerge Section 3 Puritan Terms and Names Members of a religious group known for its strict beliefs Leader of the first settlers at Bay Colony Separatists Members of a Puritan group who established their own congregations Colony Second permanent English colony in North America founded by the Pilgrims Colony Colony founded by Puritans in 1630 Puritan dissenter who set up a new colony in Puritan dissenter banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony who fled to Rhode Island in 1638 A 1637 conflict in which the Pequots battled colonists Metacom Native American chief who fought against English colonists in the King Philip’s War King Philip’s War Conflict between settlers and Native Americans

Before You Read In the last section, you learned about England’s first permanent settlement in the Americas. In this section, you will learn why the Puritans settled in North America.

As You Read Use a chart to take notes on the cause-and-effect relationships discussed in this section.

PURITANS CREATE A “NEW study of the Bible—instead of through ENGLAND” (Pages 49–52) services conducted by church priests. Why did the Puritans come to Some Puritans believed in trying to America? change the Church of England. Other A different group of English people settled Puritans chose to leave the church and north of Jamestown. They were members of form their own congregations. They were a religious group that wanted to purify the known as Separatists. Church of England by removing some of its The English king punished anyone who Catholic practices. Because of this, they were broke away from the Church of England. known as Puritans. One Separatist group, known today as Puritans believed in the idea of a Pilgrims, decided to leave England. In “priesthood of all believers.” This meant 1620, they arrived in North America and that every worshipper should experience founded . God directly through faith, prayer, and

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In 1630, another group of Puritans sailed take—land from Native Americans. He to North America. Like the Pilgrims, they also said that government officials should came to practice their religion without fear of not punish those with different religious punishment. They started a settlement called views. Williams’s views angered Puritan the Massachusetts Bay Colony. By 1640, leaders. They soon ordered his arrest. In more than 20,000 English settlers lived there. 1636, Williams fled Massachusetts Bay. The region would become known as New He settled a new colony in what is now England. Rhode Island. Unlike the settlers in Jamestown, the Anne Hutchinson also angered Church Puritans were well prepared to live in this leaders with her beliefs. She argued that new land. They were organized and had worshipers should interpret the Bible on many supplies. John Winthrop was the their own—without the help of the church settlement’s first governor. or its ministers. Puritan leaders banished The Puritans wanted to create a society Hutchinson from the colony in 1638. She that all people would look up to. All adult and her family went to Rhode Island. male members of the Puritan Church 2. Why did Puritan leaders force Roger could vote. The Puritans also placed great Williams and Anne Hutchinson to importance on families and church leave the colony? authority. They also stressed hard work. No ______matter what one’s duties were, Puritans believed that God required men and ______women to work long and hard at them. This “Puritan work ethic” helped lead to NATIVE AMERICANS RESIST the rapid growth and success of the New COLONIAL EXPANSION England colonies. (Pages 53–54) 1. Why did the colonists at How did Puritans treat Native Massachusetts Bay fare better at the Americans? beginning than the colonists in At first, Puritans and the local Native Virginia? Americans helped each other. As New England grew, however, settlers began to ______seize Native American lands. In addition, the settlers tried to force the Native Americans to ______accept Puritan laws and religion. Many Native Americans saw the DISSENT IN THE PURITAN Puritans as a threat to their way of life. COMMUNITY (Page 52) The tense relationship between the two Why did some Puritans leave the groups soon led to war. In 1637, the Massachusetts Bay Colony? Pequot tribe, who lived in what is now The Puritans came to America to Connecticut, went to war with the practice their religion in freedom. colonists. The Pequot War ended in However, they did not like dissent, or the total defeat for the Native Americans. expression of other points of view. Most of the Pequot civilization was A minister named Roger Williams wiped out. preached that the settlers should buy—not

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War between Native Americans and 3. Why did Native Americans fight the colonists broke out again in 1675. Chief Puritans? Metacom, whom the English called King Philip, led an alliance of Native ______Americans against the settlers. King Philip’s War lasted over a year. In the ______end, the English won.

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As you read this section, fill out the chart below by writing notes that summarize the causes and results of the conflicts.

CAUSES OF THE CONFLICT RESULTS OF THE CONFLICT

1. Puritans vs. the Church of England

2. Puritan leaders vs. Roger Williams

3. Puritan leaders vs. Anne Hutchinson

4. The Pequot War

5. King Philip’s War

Original content © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. 27 Guided Reading Workbook Name ______Class ______Date ______The American Colonies Emerge Section 4 Settlement of the Terms and Names Colony founded by the Dutch in 1621 proprietor Owner of a colony William Penn Founder of Members of a religious group known for tolerance

Before You Read In the last section, you learned how the were formed. In this section, you will learn how the Middle Colonies were settled.

As You Read Use a chart to take notes on the similarities and differences between New Netherland and Pennsylvania.

THE DUTCH FOUND NEW The Dutch had mostly friendly relations NETHERLAND (Pages 55–56) with the Native Americans. Unlike the Who settled in New Netherland? English colonists, the Dutch settlers did England and Spain were not the only not wish to take the Native Americans’ nations to establish colonies in North land. They were more interested in trading America. The Dutch founded settlements with the Native Americans. on the shores of what is now the United The Dutch settlement stood in the way States. In 1621, the Dutch founded the of England’s plan to unite its Northern and colony of New Netherland (present day . As a result, the English Albany and City). They also seized control of the Dutch colony. took over a Swedish settlement along the England’s Duke of York became the new River. proprietor, or owner, of New Netherland. New Netherland was a diverse colony. He renamed it New York. In addition, he People from many different European separated the southern part of the colony nations lived in the settlement. In addition, and named it . Africans—free as well as enslaved—lived 1. Why did people of many faiths settle there. By the , about one-fifth of the in New Netherland? population was of African descent. The leaders of New Netherland allowed ______people the freedom to practice their own religion. As a result, people of many ______different religious faiths settled there.

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THE QUAKERS SETTLE from the Native Americans. He formed a PENNSYLVANIA (Pages 56–59) court that included colonists and Native Why was Pennsylvania founded? Americans to help settle differences During the late , England enlarged between the two groups. its North American settlements. To repay To encourage people to live in a debt, King Charles II gave Englishman Pennsylvania, Penn advertised his colony William Penn a piece of land to the west in western Europe. As a result, numerous of New Jersey. Penn was a member of a Germans, Dutch, and French settled there. religious group called Quakers. Quakers Other British colonies were founded in believed God’s “inner light” burned inside the 1600s and 1700s. George Calvert, the everyone. Quakers were pacifists, persons first Lord Baltimore, founded the colony who oppose war or violence for any of . James Oglethorpe founded reason. Because of their different beliefs, as a colony for debtors. Quakers suffered persecution in England. 2. What ideals characterized Penn’s settlement allowed freedom of Pennsylvania? religion. The colony also granted the right to vote to all adult male settlers and sought ______friendly relations with Native Americans. Penn believed that settlers had to buy land ______

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As you read about New Netherland and Pennsylvania, fill out the chart below by writing notes that describe aspects of each colony.

NEW NETHERLAND 1. Population 2. Economy 3. Relations with 4. Relations with Native Americans England

PENNSYLVANIA 5. Proprietor 6. Population 7. Religion 8. Relations with Native Americans

Original content © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. 30 Guided Reading Workbook