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Home , Dominion of New England, Edward Doty, Francis Cooke, John Oldham (colonist), Josiah Winslow, Massachusetts Bay Colony

Evergreen Log

Official Newsletter of the Society of Descendants in the State of Washington

Volume 9 Issue 2 June 1996

TIME LINE

Irreconcilable Differences, 1620 - 1692

The history of Colony begins in 1620 with the landing of the Mayflower at and ends with the absorption of Plymouth into Bay Colony in 1692. This guide lists key events in the colony's history and covers the expansion of the colony and major points of interaction with the Native Peoples. Arranged chronologically it thus gives a quick overview to many significant events and is part of 's new exhibit, Irreconcilable Differences, 1620 - 1692. Thanks are given to the Plimoth Plantation Almanack from which it was adapted.

four military companies and assigned each squadron a section of the village to defend. This was the first general muster in New , and, over the years, an annual training day evolved, with inspections, drill and perhaps a mock battle. Late September/early October 1621 A three-day harvest celebration is held in Plymouth with and 90 men as guests. November 9, 1621 The ship Fortune arrives at Cape Cod bringing 35 new colonists. July/August 1623 Two more ships arrive, the Anne and Little James, bringing 60 more colonists. The passengers of these ships, together with those of the Mayflower and Fortune, comprise the "Old November 11, 1620 Comers" of the colony and are often given special treatment The Mayflower anchors in , the in later colonial transactions. passengers having decided to settle in . 1626 December 8, 1620 Plymouth builds its first trading house at Aptucxet on the A party of explorers from the ship encounter Wampanoag southwestern side of Cape Cod. It is used as a base from on Cape Cod for the first time. Although shots are which to trade with the Natives of both the Cape and exchanged, no one is hurt in this "first encounter." . December 20, 1620 May 22, 1627 The colonists choose an abandoned Wampanoag village The colony begins to divide its assets in preparation for the called for their new settlement. The former dissolving of the company. The cattle are the first asset to be inhabitants had died or been scattered by a European disease distributed. four years before. October 1627 , 1620/21 Isaack de Rasiere comes to , a Monhegan Native brings Tisquantum () on a to New Plymouth and announces the imminent arrival of the trading and diplomatic Wampanoag leader Massasoit. Carver and mission from the Dutch Massasoit conclude a treaty of peace. Squanto stays with the colony of New colonists. . February 1621/22 Because of him, Captain divided the Plymouth men into Plymouth section Cont’d on 2 2 Evergreen Log

Evergreen Log A Publication of the Society of Mayflower Descendants in the State Editor's Corner of Washington.

Issued three times a year in February, June and November.

Material received by the Editor later than thirty days prior to issue month can not be guaranteed for inclusion in the current Log. In remembering history we frequently have faulty

EDITOR - Donald Wingerson, 3700 32nd Avenue West memories when associating those bits and pieces of Seattle, WA 98199 information that pop up out of their actual chronology. Time Line is offered as a easy reference to those history buffs who wish a quick fix when dealing with the important Society of Mayflower Descendants events of early Plymouth Colony and related Colonial in the State of Washington American History. 715 North 77th Street, Seattle, WA 98103 Equally, we trust, it will be useful as an educational tool.

Time Line, Contd from 1 WELCOME is introduced to the use of wampum as a medium of exchange with the Natives. ABOARD January 3, 1627/8 The Plymouth Court begins to distribute land, 20 acres per share, to the planters. new members 1628 Plymouth establishes the second trading house on the east bank of the Kennebec River (Augusta, ME). Another post is set further north on the Penobscot River the following year. Auburn Medina Mrs Kenneth Meryhew Mr Mark A Zubko Hilda Marie Hemmingson 12th from The 1630s are a time of great expansion in Plymouth 12th from Edward Fuller Colony. Seven new towns are founded and the colony has Puyallup great success supplying newcomers in Plymouth and Bainbridge Island Mr Adrian M Matthews with livestock and other goods. Many of Mr Thomas G Kuniholm 11th From the specifics of expansion, however, are unknown. In many 11th from cases the first mention of a new town occurs after its Houston, TX settlement. Medina Mrs Scott R Padget 1632 Miss Amy Hatch Zubko Cynthia Lynn Cook Some Plymouth men are granted lands at Green's Harbor, 12th from Richard Warren 12th from which is incorporated as the town of Marshfield in 1640. 1633 An outbreak of disease kills many Natives and at least 20 colonists. The resultant wills and inventories have been used in furnishing of the 1627 Pilgrim Village. Another trading house is built on the River at Matianuck (Windsor, CT). November 25, 1633 First reference in the Court records of the land north of Plymouth as "Duxburrow" although Duxbury is not JUNIOR MEMBERS WELCOMED incorporated as a separate town until 1637. Cont’d on 3

The Washington State Society is pleased to announce the following to Junior Member Status.

Benjamin James Hupe; Ancestor, William Bradford - Sponsor, Russell W Hupe. Amanda Jocelyn Ohmert, Jessica Rolyn Ohmert, Daniel Scott Padget and Matthew Robert Padget; Ancestor, Francis Cooke - sponsor, Eve Wingert. Cole Farrow Thomas; Ancestor, William Bradford - sponsor, Jane P Thomas.

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Time Line, Cont’d from 2 1637 1633/4 The first test of the Plymouth military companies trained by The first mention of the "ward of Scituate." Myles Standish came with the war against the . Both 1634-6 Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies had expanded into Plymouth loses all four of its trading houses: the Penobscot Connectict, eventually leading to war with the area Natives. house to French traders in 1634; Kennebec house the following year; Aptucxet is damaged by a hurricane in 1635; and in 1636, they lose the house on the to Massachusetts Bay colonists. March 7, 1636/7 Seven men identified in the Court records as being of Cohannett, which becomes known as Taunton. April 3, 1637 A group of 10 men from Saugus receive permission to settle in Plymouth Colony and choose the future Sandwich. September 4, 1638 Inhabitants of "Mattacheese or Yarmouth" ordered to help build a bridge over Eel River, south of Plymouth. March 5, 1638/9 First mention of the men of Barnstable in the Court records. 1630s, THE While the war occurred in the Connecticut area and Plymouth colonist were not directly involved, it set the tone for future English/Native relations. May -July June 18, 1633 1637 Dutch sign treaty with Pequots, establishing a trading house at present-day Hartford, to be made accessible to all Natives. Connecticut sends 90 men under Capt against the 1634 Pequots. Accompanied by Narragansetts, Mason attacks the Some Narragansetts traveling through Pequot lands to the Pequot fort on Mystic River, setting houses on fire and killing trading house are slain. In retaliation, Dutch capture the by sword those who run. As many as 700 die. Capt Israel Pequot , Tatobem, and h old him for ransom. When Stoughton traps the remaining Pequots in a swamp and the war the ransom is paid, the Dutch deliver his dead body. ends. Spring, 1634 September 21, 1638 Captain John Stone, West Indian trader and pirate, is killed in The Treaty of Hartford is concluded. The Pequots are no retaliation for the death of Tatobem. The Pequots are blamed longer to exist as a people and are assigned to either although West Niantics were involved. The English consider or Narragansett. this act the beginning of the war. October & November 1634 The Pequots negotiate for peace with Massachusetts Bay. The lucrative trade in cattle to Massachusetts Bay colonists They sign a treaty agreeing to hand over Stone's killers and crashes with the slowing of immigration. In a month the price "yield up Connecticut," but it is never ratified by Pequot of a cow drops from £20 to £5. leaders. August 2, 1642 July-August 1636 First mention of Seekonk, which in 1645 becomes the town The body of is discovered in his pinnace near of Rehoboth. . August 22, 1642 The Pequots are blamed for harboring the fugitive Block Beginning of the first . The struggle for Island Natives. power between the Royalist forces and the Puritan Massachusetts Bay send 90 men under John Endicott to Parliamentarians continues through-out the decade. Block Island to kill all Native men and seize women and Many New Englanders return to England during this period, children. They burn houses and cornfields there and near among them former Plymouth Governor . Saybrook, CT. 1644 The only Pequot death is caused by the , Some colonists from Plymouth move to on Cape Cod. Cutshamekin. The Pequots consider this the beginning of the In June 1846, Nauset becomes a town. Its name is changed to war. Eastham in 1651. Fall 1636-Spring 1637 April 10, 1644 The Pequots attack Saybrook and other English settlements Plymouth religious leader Elder William Brewster dies. as far as Wethersfield. March 23, 1649 The colonists purchase a tract of land from Ousamequin (Massasoit) which will be named Bridgewater. Cont’d on 4

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CALENDAR Time Line, Cont’d from 3 Tentative Schedule of Meetings: During this decade problems between the colonists and Natives increase. Time and Place to be Announced English expansion into Native territory, though done through purchase, brings English livestock into close proximity with Native fields. Incidents of livestock 1996 trespass and damage become common. July 13, Sat, Board of Assistants 1652 Seattle Two silversmiths are commissioned to mint coins, the first New July 28, Sun, Annual Summer Picnic England money. Issaquah - Loma Center May 8, 1655 Colony leader Edward Winslow dies at sea in the West Indies. September 08, Sun, Eastern Colony 1656 Spokane Members of the Religious Society of Friends, commonly referred to as October 05, Sat, Board of Assistants , arrive in Boston from England. Seattle While springing from the same religious turmoil that gave rise to the Separatist

November 17, Sun, Compact Day movement, the Quakers lack respect for hierarchy and believe in man's ability to Seattle - Meany Tower Hotel achieve his own salvation. Tenets so contrary to orthodox Puritanism quickly turn most New Englanders against the Quakers. 1997 February 22, Sat, Board of Assistants Seattle

March 23, Sun, Annual Meeting, Tacoma - Copperfield's Restaurant

April 19, Sat, Board of Assistants Seattle

May 04, Sun, Eastern Colony Walla Walla

July 12, Sat, Board of Assistants Seattle

July 27, Sun, Annual Summer Picnic

Location to be selected October 3, 1656 Myles Standish, military leader of Plymouth Colony since 1620, dies. 1657 The small number of Quakers in Plymouth Colony congregate primarily in Sandwich on Cape Cod and in Scituate. Laws are passed forbidding any to transport Quakers into the colony, give them "entertainments" (housing) or to attend a Quaker meeting. Punishments include fines, whipping, imprisonment or banishment. A number of people are brought before the courts on these charges. May 9, 1657 William Bradford, governor of Plymouth Colony for many years, dies. is elected governor at the June court. 1658 More laws are enacted preventing Quakers or their sympathizers from becoming freemen or exercising voting privileges.. June 3, 1658 Quaker Humphrey Norton confronts Governor Thomas Prence during his court appearance for entering the colony contrary to law. December 3, 1658 The Plymouth Court attempts to prevent Quakers from coming to Sandwich by sea by seizing any boats carrying them. 1659-1661 Laws tighten further against Quakers and sympathizers. Cont’d on 5

King Charles defends the tree of orthodox religion. 5 Evergreen Log

Time Line, Cont’d from 4 June 13, 1660 By June, Massasoit is dead. At the death of his father, desires to change his name "according to the custome of the natives." He In Memoriam requests and receives from the Plymouth Court English names for himself and his brother - "Alexander Pokanokett" and "Philip." Hearts be free, and Spirits blessed. June 5, 1661 Charles II is restored to the throne. Upon receiving word the inhabitants of New Plymouth Mrs Irving O Litke #938 declare themselves loyal subjects. Frances Best June 8, 1661 30 August 1995 Laws against Quakers are repealed. Summer 1662 Mr Howard Francis Enbody #1071 Sachem Alexander is ordered to 31 December 1995 appear before the Plymouth Court to answer charges of plotting war against the English. Mrs Thomas F Houlihan #993 During his stay at Major 's house, Barbara Ladd located in Duxbury, he becomes ill and dies on the 01 January 1996 journey home at Monponset Pond. Some of his people suspect poisoning. Philip Judge Ralph Phipps Edgerton #927 succeeds as Sachem. 03 February 1996 1667 , Jr accepts the call from the Mrs Otto A Hoffmann #522 Plymouth Church to become their minister. While Jessie Almira Still he brings a new sense of religious commitment, his 01 March 1996 tenure will not be without controvers.

1670s 1671 Increased tensions between Plymouth and the Wampanoag cause the court to demand official declarations of fidelity and submission from area Natives. August-September, 1671 Controversy develops between Philip and the Plymouth government as Plymouth attempts to confiscate the ' arms. Open Letter From The HISTORIAN September 29, 1671 Philip signs a new treaty, promising obedience to We need your assistances in reaching those individuals both eligible the Plymouth government. for membership and, interested in the . Contd on 6 Our State population is widely dispersed from the Canadian Border to Vancouver; from Spokane to the Coast, and all points in-between. It is difficult, if not impossible, for your Historian to make personal contact with all those interested without your help. When notice is received of a Meeting Date, we would suggest a notice in your Local Paper. Most papers have a Coming Event Section where notice of the event with information covering time, place and contact person can be listed. Most important would be the inclusion of an open invitation for all interested parties to attend. I am grateful for any help extended. Sincerely,

Gladys Ellis Miller, Historian 6 Evergreen

Time Line, cont’d from 5 State Officers Elected May 20, 1672 A graduate, Ammi Ruhamah Corlet, The following slate of officers was elected at the Annual becomes the teacher of Plymouth's Free School "now begun Spring Meeting, March 24, held at Copperfield's Restaurant and erected." in Tacoma. Also included are Ex Officio past Governor and March 29, 1673 General Society Officers. (see page 8 for related story) Governor Thomas Prence dies and Josiah Winslow succeeds him as Governor. January 29, 1675 , former secretary to Philip and an English informant, is found dead under suspicious circumstances at Assawomsett Pond with excessive bruising about the head. OFFICERS Three Natives are convicted on June 1 of his .

SOCIETY OF MAYFLOWER DESCENDANTS June 1675 IN THE STATE OF WASHINGTON , Squaw Sachem of the Saconnet, requests 's advice concerning the conflict between GOVERNOR Philip and the English. He advises neutrality. Darrell Howard...... Spokane June 16, 1675

DEPUTY GOVERNOR The "great Indian war" which will become known as King Donald Wingerson...... Seattle Philip's War, begins with an attack by Philip on the outlying town of Swansea. RECORDING SECRETARY July 1675 Ruth Curtis...... Seattle The war spreads, with attacks on Taunton, Dartmouth and CORRESPONDING SECRETARY Middleboro. Margaret Hyre...... Seattle Philip is nearly captured several times, but escapes. TREASURER August 1675 Charles Gates...... Bainbridge Island The Nipmucks of central Massachusetts join in the war.

HISTORIAN December 1675 Gladys Miller...... Seattle The English troops combine and attack the Narragansetts in

ASSISTANT HISTORIAN an attempt to keep them from joining in the war. Katharine DeWitt...... Mercer Island March 12, 1675-76 After a winter hiatus, the war resumes when Tatoson leads CAPTAIN William Pierce...... Gig Harbor a party of 11 warriors on an attack of the Clark garrison house on Eel River in Plymouth. The house burns and 11 ELDER English die. Frances Walters...... Seattle Late March 1676 SURGEON Captain Michael Pierce's company is wiped out in a battle Dr Robert Lundeen...... Vancouver at Pawtucket. Two days later Philip's men burn Rehoboth.

BOARD OF ASSISTANTS Towns begin to refuse to send more troops. Suzanne Albright...... Seattle May 1676 Margaret Downing...... Seattle The remaining houses in Middleboro burn, more die in Wayne Gardner...... E Wenatchee Richard Greene...... Seattle Taunton and part of Scituate burns. Ruthanne Haight...... Redmond Communications cease between Plymouth and Boston. Ruth Hardman...... Tacoma June 1676 Charles Harlow...... Seattle Awashonks abandons Philip's cause and allies herself with Dorothy Kite...... Seattle Frank Moffett...... Olympia Plymouth. Ruby Parrott...... Bellevue July 1676 Myrtle Prohaska...... Seattle The tide of war turns and the English begin to capture or Lilyce Richards...... Renton kill Natives, now desperately short of food. Patricia Sharp...... Seattle July 22, 1676 Katherine Spedden...... Bothell Grace "Polly" Stevens...... Seattle The Court arranges for many Wampanoag children to be Margaret Davis, Ex Officio...... Yakima placed in servitude with English families until they reach the age of 24 or 25. GENERAL SOCIETY August 9, 1676 DEPUTY GOVERNOR GENERAL Governor Josiah Winslow approves the sale of 110 Natives Richard Hancock...... Seattle to be sold as slaves out of the colony. Contd

ASSISTANT GENERAL Charles Gates...... Bainbridge Island

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August 12, 1676 Philip and his forces are surrounded in a swamp at Mount THE FAMILY SOCIETIES Hope. A Pocasset Native named Alderman shoots and kills him. His body is quartered. In addition to the General Society of Mayflower The war is over although “mopping up” operations continue Descendants, a number of Family Societies have been over the next few months. organized to honor and perpetuate the memory of specific Fall 1676 Pilgrim ancestors. Debate reges among colonial religious leaders concerning The following are current verified addresses for those the desire of some to execute Philip's nine-year-old son. Societies as annually provided by Robert Tatem, of the New Although fearful of his possible actions as an adult, the Jersey Society of Mayflower Descendents. colonists comromise by selling him into . 1681 The Alden Kindred of America, Inc Governor negotiates for a new charter for Ellen M Hagney, Director Plymouth Colony. P O Box 2754 December 20, 1686 Duxbury, MA 02331 Sir arrives as Captain General and The Governor William Bradford Compact Governor in Chief of the of New England which Mrs L W Pogue, Historian includes and as well as New England. 5204 Kenwood Avenue Under his regime many government functions move to , MD 20815 Boston, causing Plymouth residents great inconveniences. The Elder William Brewster Society September 12, 1687 Ina R Mish, Membership Chairman John Alden, last surviving signor of the Mayflower P O Box 1245 Compact, dies. East Orleans, MA 02643 April 22, 1688 The Pilgrim Edward Doty Society Hearing of the accession of William & Mary to England's Mary Lee Merrill, Membership Chairman throne, Plymouth rises up against Andros. HCR 69, Box 666 Thomas Hinckley resumes the governorship. Friendship, ME 04547 The Fuller Society Mary Lee Merrill, Membership Chairman October 7, 1691 HCR 6, Box 666 England combines Plymouth and colonies with Friendship, ME 04547 The Francis Eaton Society James E Hoban, Jr 60 Sheridan Street Brockton, MA 02402-2852 The Pilgrim Society Mrs Bernard J Elfring, Registrar 65 North Street Yarmouth, ME 04096 Thomas Rogers Society Mrs George C Frederick, President 1208 Maple Avenue Evanston, IL 60202-1217 Soule Kindred In America, Inc Betty Jean Haner 53 New Shaker Road Massachusetts Bay, although they had considered combining Albany, NY 12205-3615 Plymouth with New York. The Warren Cousins Laura N Sellew May 14, 1692 30 Gurney Street Sir arrives in Boston with the new charter. East Providence, RI 02914-2606 June 8, 1692 (Warren) Descendants of Robert Bartlett The last meeting of the Plymouth General Court. Mrs G Gordon Bartlett, Jr April 5, 1693 98 Summersea Road The Plymouth church sets apart a day of “that Mashpee, MA 02649 the Government over us is yet in the hands of saints.”

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Governors Message SUMMER PICNIC

It is with pleasure that I greet you once again as your The annual Picnic will again be held at the Loma Center in Governor. I wish to thank you all for the vote of Issaquah, Sunday, July 28. Start time is 1pm confidence as shown by this re-election to another term Included in the $15.00 picnic cost will be beverage and and hope to prove worthy of that trust. barbecue. Membership in any dynamic society includes assuming Directions and a map on how to get to the Center, located off responsibility for its programs and goals. I-90 at Exit 17, will follow with registration notice. We look forward to expanding our membership and anticipate great results due to the excellent efforts of our Board and membership at large. Board of Assistants Meeting Particular thanks must be given to the superb efforts of the education committee and their outreach programs as Members of the new Board of Assistants gathered April 20 have been reported in these pages in the past. at the College Club, located at 5th and Madison Streets in The Washington State Society has been blessed over the downtown Seattle, to select Committee Chairmen. years with many dedicated members and I want to call Named were: Education, Suzanne Albright; Finance, Ruth upon you all to continue that good work. Hardman; Library, Grace "Polly" Stevens; Program, To keep a viable Society we need new members. If you Ruthanne Haight; Publication, Margaret Hyre; Scrapbook, are not currently active in recruitment of friends, Suzanne Albright; and Sunshine, Frances Walters. relatives or friendly strangers to new membership, let us Following the business meeting a buffet lunch was enjoyed all get with it. They are our future. by all. If you are not active as a member and would like to participate in the business of the Society, please give me a Highlights from the Annual Meeting call. The annual Spring Meeting of the Washington Society was Cordially, held in Tacoma, March 24, at Copperfield's Restaurant. Election of officers was the main business of the day. (see page 6 for officer slate). Governor, Warren descendents once again were the most numerous in Washington Society attendance. The Education Committee, headed by Eve Wingert, presented a program filled with examples of the Societies Sponsor a Junior Member community outreach programs. Assistant Historian, Katherine DeWitt invites all members to sponsor a Junior Member. (call Katherine for applications and arrangements) EASTERN COLONY

Applicants must be under 18 years of age, pay a $10.00 fee, The Spring Meeting was held in Yakima, May 5, at the Rio (no annual dues) provide a copy of a state issued Birth Marado Inn. Featured was Ethel Siegels, a representative of Certificate and, have a blood relative of the same descent who the Women in History Program. Portrayed was the life and is a member of the Washington State Society descended from writings of Laura Ingalls Wilder. a passenger aboard the Mayflower, arriving 1620.

TRIENNIAL CONGRESS

The Triennial Congress of the General Society will be held in Plymouth September 7-11, 1996. This year's Congress will be the first event of the celebration of the Centennial of the General Society. A change from past years is that all business sessions will be held in the air-conditioned Plymouth Sheraton Hotel. Details of this event, with reservation information were published in the February '96 issue of The Mayflower Quarterly. Primary delegates for Washington State are the Deputy and Assistant General, Richard Hancock and Charles Gates. Other society members planning to attend who would be interested and willing to serve as State delegates, please contact Corresponding Secretary, Margaret Hyre. Names of delegates must be submitted to the Secretary General by July 15.

acknowledgment is made to the following publications for material used. Plymouth Plantation Almanack THE END