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1 Title: 2 Floristic Study of Karnaphuli Range in Kaptai Reserve Forest, Rangamati, Bangladesh 3 Author(s) name and affiliation:
4 1. Md. Rishad Abdullah*,
5 Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 6 Bangladesh, [email protected]
7 2. AKM Golam Sarwar, 8 Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 9 Bangladesh, email- [email protected] 10 11 3. Md. Ashrafuzzaman 12 Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 13 Bangladesh, email- [email protected] 14 15 4. Md. Mustafizur Rahman 16 Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 17 Bangladesh, [email protected]
18
19 Location of study: Karnaphuli range in Kaptai Reserve forest, Rangamati, Bangladesh
20
21 22
1
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23 Original article 24 Floristic study of Karnaphuli range in Kaptai Reserve forest, Rangamati, Bangladesh 25 Md. Rishad Abdullah*, AKM Golam Sarwar, Md. Ashrafuzzaman and Md. Mustafizur Rahman
26 Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensigh, Bangladesh
27 Keywords: Flora; Vascular plants; Reserve forest; Threatened plants; Kaptai
28 Abstract
29 A botnical survey was conducted in Kaptai reserve forests under Rangamati district in Bangladesh to 30 study the flora of Karnaphuli range from May 2015 to October 2018. The survey was accompanied by 31 a collection of voucher specimens enumerates 464 plant species belonging to 334 genera under 117 32 families from the forest range. The survey has confirmed 31 threatened forest species from this area 33 along with many near threatened plant species.
34 *Corresponding author. Cell.: +8801712894181. 35 E-mail address: [email protected] (MR Abdullah) 36 37 38 Introduction 39 Bangladesh is a small country, enriched with high plant diversity, since it lies in a transition of two 40 mega-biodiversity hotspots, viz, Indo-Himalayas and Indo-Chinese (Nishat et al., 2002; Khan, 2003). 41 Near about 5,700 species of angiosperms with, 3 species of gymnosperms, 29 orchids 68 woody 42 legumes, 130 fibers yielding plants, 500 medicinal plants and 1,700 pteridophytes have been recorded 43 so far (Islam, 2003). However, the database regarding the biodiversity in Bangladesh is not so rich 44 and evidence is often based on secondary information or guessed works only. Government 45 commitment is to survey their natural living resources, both domesticated and wild and to conserve 46 site noted for their rich biological diversity as well as threatened species and domesticated varieties 47 which is one of the essential elements of the Convention on Biological Diversity (Freedman, 1995), 48 but identification of the various important components of biodiversity through systematic and 49 scientific approach is still under develop in Bangladesh. Quantitative floristic inventories are 50 fundamental to an understanding of the ecology of tropical forests and for developing rational forest 51 management strategies (Campbell et al., 1986). Floristic studies help us to the assessment of the plant 52 wealth and its potentiality of an area can understand by floral studies. It also helps us to know the 53 basic facets of biology such as speciation, isolation, endemism and evolution. The floristic 54 components of an area change from time to time, due to various ecological factors, mostly biotic (Rao 55 et al., 2013).
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56 Karnaphuli range of the Kaptai reserve forest under the Rangamati South Forest Division 57 management. It is divided into two Kaptai and Karnaphuli ranges. Many floristic studies conducted 58 here such as Heinig (1925) recorded 45 taxa, Uddin et al. (1998) 332 species; Nath et al. (1998) 85 59 tree species; Rashid and Chowdhury (2013) 43 taxa; Chowdhury et al. (2017) 86 tree species from 60 Sitapahar, while Uddin and Hassan (2012) reported 41 pteridophyte species from Rampahar and 61 Sitapahar reserve forests. From Rampahar, Uddin and Hassan (2012) reported 89 monocots, Feroz et 62 al. (2014) 40 species and Rahman et al. (2016) 43 tree species and Chowdhury et al. (2018) 50 tree. 63 Apart from these 2 areas of Sitapahar and Rampahr Mohajn et al. (2016) recorded 69 tree species 64 Kaptai deer breeding centre of Karnaphuli range. Though the area is very rich in species diversity, a 65 comprehensive floristic study of the area is still deficient. Our objective is to develop baseline 66 information of the flora of Karnaphuli range of the Kaptai reserve forest which will eventually helpful 67 for sustainable conservation and management activities by policymakers. 68 69 Materials and Methods 70 The present study was carried out based on 27 field-investigation results from May 2015 to October 71 2018. Study area location confined in Karnphuli Sadar beat, Khalmukh beat of Karnaphuli range. 72 During the field investigations, only those plants with reproductive organs such as flowers, fruits, and 73 spores were collected as voucher specimens to maintain accuracy, and the collected specimens were 74 stored at the Arshad Ali Khan Herbarium of Botanical garden in Bangladesh Agricultural University, 75 Mymensingh, Bangladesh. The herbarium specimens were examined for comparison at the 76 Bangladesh National Herbarium, Dhaka University Salar Khan Herbarium and Bangladesh Forest 77 Research Institute Herbarium. The occurrences of the plants noted in the forest were compared with 78 accounts gives in Hooker (1872-1897). Heining (1925), Uddin et al. (1998), Alam (1988), Ahmed et 79 al. (2008), Khan et al (2001). Threatened plants were categorized with the help of Khan et al. (2001), 80 Ahmed et al. (2008) and Ara et al. (2013). For nomenclature databases of The Plant List (2013) and 81 Pasha and Uddin (2013) were also consulted. 82 83 84 Results 85 Floristic composition of Karnaphuli Range Forest 86 The vascular plants of Karnaphuli range found in this investigation included 463 species, 333 genera 87 117 families, one subspecies, 8 varieties. Among these total 378 species with 5 varieties under 89 88 families and 274 genera belonging to dicotyledons while a total of 72 species with 3 varieties under 89 17 families and 47 genera belonging to monocotyledons. Pteridophyta consists of 13 species under 11 90 families and 12 genera (Table 1, Annex 1&2). 91 92
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93 Tree 94 The study area was taxonomically well-represented with 140 tree species under 49 families and 112 95 genera. Moraceae had the maximum number of species (10 species) followed by Euphorbiaceae (9 96 species), Rutaceae and Anacardiaceae (7 species each); Fabaceae, Meliaceae, Myrtaceae, and 97 Phyllanthaceae (6 species each), Caesalpiniaceae, Combretaceae and Lauraceae (5 species each); 98 Bignoniaceae and Verbenaceae (4 species each); Annonoaceae, Burseraceae, Dipterocarpaceae, 99 Ebenaceae, Flacourtiaceae, Myristicaceae, Rubiaceae, Sapindaceae, and Sterculiaceae (3 species 100 each); Apocynaceae, Araliaceae, Dilleniaceae, Fagaceae, Mimosaceae, Oxalidaceae and Sapotaceae 101 had two species each and 21 families with single species. Among genera Ficus and Syzygium (5 102 species each); Terminalia (4 species) were most dominant, followed by Dipterocarpus, Diospyros, 103 Artocarpus and Cinnamomum (3 genera, each); Mangifera, Stereospermum, Dillenia, Albizia, 104 Castanopsis, Averrhoa, Antidesma, Citrus, Clausena and Aporosa, had 2 species each and rest 94 105 genera with single species each. In the tree layer of the investigated area, Tectona grandis L.f., 106 Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers., Dipterocarpus turbinatus Gaertn., Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. 107 and Gmelina arborea Roxb. were dominant tree species used as main plantation tree species. Other 108 common species were Syzygium fruticosum (Roxb.) DC., Palaquium polyanthum (Wall. ex G. Don.) 109 Baill, Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) R.N.Parker, Baccaurea ramiflora Lour, Macaranga 110 denticulata (Blume.) Muell. Arg., Bischofia javanica Blume., Protium serratum (Wall. ex Coelbr.) 111 Engl etc (Annex 2). 112
113 Shrubs 114 A total of 98 shrubs species under 76 genera and 36 families were recorded from Karnaphuli Range 115 Forest. Rubiaceae (9 species) the highest contributing family followed by Fabaceae (7 species); 116 Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae (6 species each); Apocynaceae and Euphorbiaceae (5 species each); 117 Leeaceae, Malvaceae and Urticaceae (4 species each); Acanthaceae, Asteraceae, Caesalpiniaceae, 118 Melastomataceae, Myrsinaceae, Oleaceae and Rutaceae (3 species each); Annonaceae, Connaraceae, 119 Lythraceae, Solanaceae, Sterculiaceae, Taccaceae and Tiliaceae (2 species each) and 13 families with 120 single species. Among genera Clerodendrum, Leea and Ixora (4 species) were the most dominant 121 species followed by Dracaena, Tabernaemontana, Jatropha, Flemingia, Senna, Uraria, Ocimum, 122 Maesa, Jasminum, Mussaenda, Solanum, Tacca and Premna had each of 2 species while 60 genera 123 with a single species each. The most common shrubs were Chromolaena odorata L., Tetracera 124 sarmentosa (L.) Vahl., Microcos paniculata L., Cnesmone javanica Bl., Lantana camera L., 125 Clerodendrum viscosum Vent., Rhyncotechum ellipticum (Wall ex D. Dietr.) A. DC., Mussaenda 126 roxburghii Hook.f., Clerodendrum wallichii Merr., Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng etc (Annex 2). 127 128
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129 Climber 130 From our study, we recorded 63 climbers with 42 genera from 24 families. The most contributing 131 families were Cucurbitaceae and Vitaceae (10 species each) followed by Menispermaceae (6 species); 132 Dioscoreaceae (5 species); Piperaceae (4 species); Fabaceae (3 species) and Acanthaceae, 133 Apocynaceae, Araceae, Rubiaceae, Convolvulaceae, Moraceae and Ascelpiadaceae, had 2 species 134 individually, while the number of families with single species was 12. In case of genera Cissus (6 135 species) and Dioscorea (5 species) were the most dominant followed by Momordica and Piper (4 136 species each); Cayratia (3 species); Tinospora, Curcuma and Stephania (2 species each) while the 137 number of genera with single species was 34. The most common climbers were Mikania cordata 138 (Burm. f.) B.L.Rob. Thunbergia alata Bojer ex sims, Cissus adnata Roxb., Piper rhytidocarpum 139 Hook. f. etc (Annex 2). 140 141 Herbs 142 144 herbs with 47 families and 109 genera were recorded from the Karnaphuli range. Zingiberaceae 143 was the most contributing families with 20 species followed by Lamiaceae (11 species); Araceae (10 144 species); Asteraceae (7 species); Cyperaceae, Amaranthaceae and Fabaceae (6 species each); 145 Urticaceae and Rubiaceae (5 species each); Malvaceae, Commelinaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Poaceae 146 (4 species each); Liliaceae, Apiaceae, Orchidaceae, Convolvulaceae and Begoniaceae (3 species 147 each); Solanaceae, Marantaceae, Polygonaceae, Acanthaceae, Linderniaceae, Gesneriaceae, 148 Piperaceae and Caesalpiniaceae had 2 species each. Besides these 21 families were with single species 149 each. Among genera Zingiber was the most contributing one with 5 species followed by Alpinia and 150 Amaranthus (4 species each); Alocasia, Begonia, Curcuma, Desmodium, Kamepferia, and Leucas (3 151 species each); Commelina, Crotalaria, Cyperus, Hedychium, Hedyotis, Ipomoea, Lindernia, 152 Ophiorrhiza, Peperomia, Pouzolzia, Senna, Sida and Stauranthera (2 species each), and 87 genera 153 having single species. The most common species were Euphorbia hirta L., Amischotolype hookeri 154 Hassk. H. Hara, Alpinia malaccensis Brum.f., Ocimum americum L., Typhonium trilobatum L., 155 Portulaca oleracea L., Fleurya interrupta (L.) Gaudich and Alocasia fornicata (Roxb.) Schott. Etc 156 (Annex 2). 157 158 Epiphytes 159 A total of 11 epiphytes were recorded in the study area. Among them, 5 were epiphytes belonging to 2 160 families and 5 genera from the angiosperm group and 6 species belonging to 6 genera and 6 families 161 from Pteridophyta (Annex 1).
162 Ferns 163 The study recorded 7 fern species belonging to 6 genera and 7 families form the Karnaphuli range. 164 The most common ferns were Pteris vittata L. and Dryopteris filixmas (L.) Schott etc (Annex 1).
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165 Threatened species 166 The occurrence of 31 threatened plant species were confiremed in KFR during the survey. Among 167 them 24 were vulnerable and 7 were endangered. Besides these 32 species were recorded as near 168 threatened (Table 2). Among 7 endangered species one from shrubs (Pilea melastomoides (Poir.) 169 Wedd.), two from climbers (Cucumis hystrix Chakrav and Myriopteron extensum (Wright & Arn.) K. 170 Schums.) One from epiphyte (Dischidia nummularia R. Br.), others belong to herbaceous plants 171 (Hedyotis thomsonii Hook. f., Crepidium biauritum (Lindl.) D.L. and Globba pendula Roxb.). Among 172 the vulnerable plants, 12 were tree species (Bhesa robusta (Roxb.) Ding Hou, Hopea odorata Roxb., 173 Horsfieldia kingii (Hook. f.) Warb., Licuala peltata Roxb., Xerospermum laevigatum Radlk., 174 Scaphium scaphigerum, Symplocos macrophylla Wall. ex DC ssp. Macrophylla, Mangifera sylvatica 175 Roxb., Diospyros ramiflora Roxb., Terminalia chebula (Gaertn.) Retz., Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex 176 DC.) Wight & Arn and Glochidion zeylanicum (Gaertn.) A. Juss.); 4 were from shrubs (Harpullia 177 arborea (Blanco) Radlk., Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Moon, Mycetia longifolia (Wall.) Kuntz. 178 and Ixora spectabilis Wall. Ex G. Don) and 4 climbers (Rhaphidophora glauca (Wallich) Schott, 179 Stixis suaveolens (Roxburgh) Pierre, Bull., Willughbeia edulis Roxb. and Dioscorea glabra Roxb.) 180 (Annex 1& 2). 181 182 Discussion 183 The present study results indicating that Karnaphuli forest range harbor of many plant species. Uddin 184 et al. (1998) recorded 423 species belonging to 292 genera under 93 families from Sita Pahar at 185 Kaptai reserve forest. Nath et al. (2000) also reported 85 tree species having >10 cm dbh belonging to 186 36 families and 68 genera from the same reserve forest. Dutta et al. (2014) reported 332 vascular plant 187 species belonging to 266 genera and 93 families from Sitakunda Botanical Garden and Eco-Park. 188 Uddin et al. (2013) recorded 535 angiosperms under 370 genera and 103 families from Teknaf 189 Wildlife Sanctuary. It’s diversity comparatively lower than Chunati Wildlife Sanctuary. Hossain and 190 Hossain (2014) reported 691 plant species containing 240 trees, 102 shrubs, 211 herbs, 106 climbers, 191 19 ferns, 6 parasites and 7 epiphytes from Chunati Wildlife Sanctuary. 192 193 The present study revealed a total of 31 species threatened plant species which were more than Dutta 194 et al. (2014) and Uddin and Hasan (2010). Dutta et al. (2014) recorded 29 rare and endangered 195 species from Sitakunda Botanical Garden and Eco-Park while Uddin and Hasan (2010) recorded 19 196 threatened plant species from the Lawachara National Park, Bangladesh. Considering the results of 197 these similar studies from different forest areas of Bangladesh, we can conclude that the Karnaphuli 198 Range of Kaptai Reserve forest possesses comparatively well-diversified flora. 199 200 201
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202 Acknowledgements 203 This study was carried out as a part of the research project, “Strengthening post graduate studies on 204 plant genetic resource collection, conservation and characterization” (project number: CP-3021, 2014) 205 supported by the University Grant Commission. The author’s special thanks to the authority of the 206 Bangladesh Forest Department for their co‐operation during the field works and also grateful to the 207 authorities of viz. Bangladesh National Herbarium (DACB), Dhaka University Salar Khan Herbarium 208 and Bangladesh Forest Research Institute Herbarium, Chittagong (BFRI). for allowing consulting 209 their libraries and using their herbarium materials. 210 211 212 References 213 Ahmed, Z.U., Begum, Z.N.T., Hassan, M.A., Khondker, M., Kabir, S.M.H., Ahmed, M., Ahmed, 214 A.T.A., Rahman, A.K.T. and Haque, E.U. (Eds) 2008-2009. Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna 215 of Bangladesh, Vols. 6-10, 11, 12. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka. 216 Alam, M.K. 1988. Annotated checklist of woody flora of Sylhet forests. Bulletinn 5, Plant Taxonomy 217 Series. Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Chittagong, pp. 1–153. 218 Ara, H., Khan, B. and Uddin, S.N. (Eds) 2013. Red Data Book of Vascular Plants of Bangladesh. 219 Bangladesh National Herbarium, Dhaka, pp. 1–280. 220 Campbell, D.D., Daly, D.C., Prance, G.T. and Maciel, U.N. 1986. Quantitative ecological inventory 221 ofterra firm and varzea tropical forest on the Rio Xingu, Brazilian, Amazon. Brittonia 38: 222 369-393. https://doi.org/10.2307/2807085 223 Chowdhury, B., Hossain, M.K., Hossain, M.A. and Khan, B.M. 2018a: Native tree species diversity 224 of Rampahar Natural Forest Reserve in Rangamati South Forest Division, Bangladesh. 225 Ceylon Journal of Science 47(2) 129-136. 226 Chowdhury, P., Hossain, M.K., Hossain, M.A., Dutta, S. and Ray, T.K. 2017: Status, Wood 227 Properties and Probable Uses of Lesser Used Species Recorded from Sitapahar Reserve 228 Forest of Bangladesh. Indian For. 143(12):1241-1248. 229 Dutta, S., Hossain, M.K., Hossain, M.A. and Chowdhury, P. 2014. Floral diversity of Sitakunda 230 botanical garden and eco-park in Chittagong, Bangladesh. Indian J. Trop. Bio. 22:106-118. 231 Feroz, S.M., Alam, M.R., Das, P. and Al Mamun, A. 2014. Community ecology and spatial 232 distribution of trees in a tropical wet evergreen forest in Kaptai national park in Chittagong 233 Hill Tracts, Bangladesh. J. For. Res. 25(2):311-318. 234 Freedman, B. 1995. Environmental ecology. Second edition. Academic Press, New York, New York, 235 USA. 236 Harun-Ur-Rashid, M. and Chowdhury, M.A.I 2013. Additions to the angiosperm flora in the Sitapahar 237 Reserve Forest of Kaptai, Rangamati, Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 20(2) 255-257.
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238 Heinig RL. 1925. List of Plants of Chittagong Collectorate and the Hill Tracts. The Bengal 239 Government Branch Press, Darjeeling, India. pp. 84. 240 Hooker, J.D. 1872-1897. The Flora of British India. Vols. 1–7. L. Reeve & Co., Ashford, Kent, UK. 241 Hossain, M.K. and Hossain. M.A. 2014. Biodiversity of Chunati Wildlife Sanctuary: Flora. Arannayk 242 Foundation and Bangladesh Forest Department. Dhaka, Bangladesh. pp. v + 175. 243 Islam, S.S. 2003. State of forest genetic resources conservation and management in Bangladesh. 244 Forest Genetic Resources Working Papers, Working Paper FGR/68E. Forest Resources 245 Development Service, Forest Resources Division. FAO, Rome, Italy. 31pp. 246 Khan, M.S. 2003. Flora. In: Islam, S., Miah, S., Ahmed, W., Chowdhury, A. M., Rahman, S. M. M., 247 Siddiqui, K. and Kabir, S. M. H. (eds), Banglapedia: National Encyclopaedia of Bangladesh. 248 Vol. 4: 171-177. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka 249 Khan, M.S., Rahman, M.M. and Ali, M.A. (Eds) 2001. Red Data Book of Vascular Plants of 250 Bangladesh, Vol. 1. Bangladesh National Herbarium, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp. 1–179. 251 Mohajan, B., Hossain, M.K., Mahmud, A.A. and Khan, B.M. 2016: Diversity and structural 252 composition of indigenous tree species at Kaptai deer breeding centre of Rangamati south 253 forest division, Bangladesh. J. biodivers. conserv. bioresour. manag. 2(2):1-10. 254 Nath, T.K., Hossain, M.K. and Alam, M.K. 2000. Assessment of tree species diversity of Sitapahar 255 forest reserve, Chittagong Hill Tracts (South) Forest Division, Bangladesh. Indian For. 256 126:16-21. 257 Nishat, A., Huq, S.M.I., Barua, S.P., Reza, A.H.M.A. and Khan, A.S.M. 2002. Bioecological Zones of 258 Bangladesh. Dhaka: The World Conservation Union (IUCN) Country Office, Bangladesh, pp 259 33–101. 260 Pasha, M.K and Uddin, S.B. 2013. Dictionary of Plant Names of Bangladesh (Vascular Plants). 261 Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, pp. 1–320. 262 Rahman, M.M., Abdullah, M.R., Haque, M.E. and Fakir, M.S.A. 2016: Threatened plant species in 263 protected areas in Bangladesh: Problems and prospects of conservation and utilization. 3rd 264 National Conference on Natural Science and Technology; Asian University for Women, 265 Chittagong, Bangladesh. 266 Rao, V.H., Gohil, T.G. and Thakor, A.B. 2013. Floristic study of Kaprada’s hilly forest in south 267 Gujarat. Int. J. Plant Sci. 7: 100-102. 268 The Plant List, 2013.The Plant List, a working list of all plant species. Version 1.1
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275 Uddin, S.N. and Hassan, M.A. 2012b: Angiosperm flora of Rampahar reserve forest under Rangamati 276 district in Bangladesh. I. Liliopsida (Monocots). Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 19(1) 37-44. 277 Uddin, S.N., Khan, M.S., Hassan, M.A. and Alam, M.H. 1998. An annotated checklist of Angiosperm 278 flora of Sitapahar at Kaptai in Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 5: 13–46. 279 Uddin, M.Z. and Hassan, M.A. 2010. Angiosperm diversity of Lawachara National Park 280 (Bangladesh): A preliminary assessment. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 17(1): 9–22. 281 282 Table 1 Summary of the floristic of Karnaphuli range, Kaptai Taxa Family Genera Species Subspecies Variety Total Pteridophyta 11 12 13 0 0 13 Angiospermae Dicotyledons 89 274 373 1 5 378 Monocotyledons 17 47 69 0 3 72 Total 117 333 455 1 8 463 283 284 285 Table 2. Conservation status of the collected species Conservation status Taxa Life form Total VU DD EN LC NE NT Climber 4 1 2 40 6 10 63 herb 4 1 3 109 22 5 144 Angiosperm Shrubs 4 2 1 66 15 10 98 Tree 12 3 0 98 20 7 140 Epiphytes 0 0 1 3 0 1 5 Epiphytes 0 0 0 4 1 1 6 Pteridophytes Fern 0 1 0 6 0 0 7 Grand Total 24 8 7 326 64 34 463 286 287 288 289 Table 3. List of Pteridophytes recorded from Karnaphuli range, Kaptai, Bangladesh. 290 Specimen Sl Local Name Botanical Name Family Habit CS No Guscho 1. Asplenium nidus L. Asplaniaceae Epiphytes LC P20173110 Dhekia
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2. Goyalelata Adiantum philippense L. Adiantaceae Epiphytes LC P20173112 Angiopteris evecta (G.Forst.) 3. Hatir khoch Marattiaceae Epiphytes LC P20173118 Hoffm. Dipteris wallichii (R. Br.) T. 4. Pakha Dhekia Dipteridaceae Epiphytes NT P20173113 Moore Drymoglossum piloselloides (L.) 5. Pasha Dhekia Dryopteridaceae Epiphytes LC P20173115 C. Presl 6. Pankhiraj Drynaria quercifolia (L.) J. Sm. Drynariaceae Epiphytes LC P20173114 7. Dhekishak Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott Dryopteridaceae Fern LC P20173116 Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) 8. Shada Dhekia Ophioglossaceae Fern DD P20173119 Hook. 9. Lata dhekia Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw. Lygodiaceae Fern LC P20173117 10. Ensiteris Pteris ensiformis Burm.f. Pteridaceae Fern LC P20173122 11. Dhekia Pteris vittata L. Acrostichaceae Fern LC P20173111 12. Not known Pyrrosia lanceolata (L.) Farw. Polypodiaceae Epiphytes NE P20173120 Lomba ghashi 13. Vittaria elongate Sw. Pteridaceae Epiphytes LC P20173121 fern 291 CS=Conservation Status; LC=Least concern; NT=Near threatened; VU=Vulnearable; 292 EN=Endangered; DD=Data Deficient; NE=Not evaluated 293 294 Table 4. List of angiosperm flora recorded from Karnaphuli range, Kaptai, Bangladesh. 295 Sl Specimen Local Name Botanical Name Family Habit CS No No 1. Andrographis paniculata (Brum. Kalomegh Acanthaceae Herb LC 20172537 f.) 2. Kala Jatee Eranthemum pulchellum Andrews Acanthaceae Shrub NE 20172680 Ful 3. Nilnishinda Justicia gendarussa Burm. Acanthaceae Shrub LC 20172744 4. Kalkapana Rhinacanthus calcaratus Nees Acanthaceae Shrub NE 20172862 5. Not Known Staurogyne argentea Wall. Acanthaceae Herb NE 20172891 6. Ghontolata Thunbergia alata Bojer ex sims Acanthaceae Climber NE 20172923 7. Nil lata Thunbergia grandiflora Roxb Acanthaceae Climber LC 20172924 8. Dalup Saurauia roxburghii Wall. Actinidiaceae Tree LC 20172871 9. Not Known Dracaena terniflora Roxb. Agavaceae Shrub LC 20172673 10. Ghritokumari Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. Aloeaceae Herb LC 20172523
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Sl Specimen Local Name Botanical Name Family Habit CS No No 11. Apang Achyranthes aspera L. Amaranthaceae Herb LC 20172508 12. Alternanthera philoxeroides Helenchan Amaranthaceae Herb LC 20172528 Kunth. 13. Amaranthus dubius Mart. Ex Data shak Amaranthaceae Herb LC 20172529 Thellung 14. Lalshak Amaranthus gangeticus L. Amaranthaceae Herb LC 20172530 15. Kata notey Amaranthus spinosus L. Amaranthaceae Herb LC 20172531 16. Notey Amaranthus viridis L. Amaranthaceae Herb LC 20172532 17. Sada Celosia argentea L. Amaranthaceae Shrub LC 20172593 morogphul 18. Kaju Badam Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae Tree LC 20172536 19. Holigarna caustica (Dennst.) Boiragula Anacardiaceae Tree LC 20172723 Oken 20. Jhawa, Holigarna longifolia Buch.-Hum. Anacardiaceae Tree DD 20172724 Barola Ex Roxb. 21. Am Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae Tree LC 20172776 22. Uri am Mangifera sylvatica Roxb. Anacardiaceae Tree VU 20172777 23. Bhela Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Anacardiaceae Tree NE 20172875 24. Jangli amra Spondias indica (L.f.) Kurz Anacardiaceae Tree NT 20172888 25. Atah Annona reticulata L. Annonaceae Shrub LC 20172539 26. Sotoyalang Desmos chinensis Lour. Annonaceae Shrub DD 20172655 27. Not Known Desmos longiflorus (Roxb.) Saff. Annonaceae Tree LC 20172656 28. Miliusa dioeca (Roxb.) Tasbi Annonaceae Tree LC 20172790 Chaowasku & Kessler 29. Polyalthia cerasoides (Roxb.) Panjon Annonaceae Tree NE 20172842 Benth. & Hook.f. ex. Bedd. 30. Thankuni Centella asisatica (L.) Urban Apiaceae Herb LC 20172594 31. Dhane pata Coriandrum sativum L. Apiaceae Herb LC 20172628 32. Wild Eryngium foetidum L. Apiaceae Herb NE 20172681 Coriander 33. Crape Abernaemonlana divaricata (L.) Apocynaceae Shrub LC 20172503 jasmine Br. 34. Pani Dul Anodendron paniculatum A. DC. Apocynaceae Climber NE 20172540 35. Nayantara Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don Apocynaceae Herb LC 20172589
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Sl Specimen Local Name Botanical Name Family Habit CS No No 36. Holarrhena pubescence (Buch. - Kurch/kuruj Apocynaceae Tree LC 20172722 Hum.) Wall ex. G. Don 37. Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Chita Apocynaceae Shrub VU 20172780 Moon 38. Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. Sarpagandha Apocynaceae Shrub NT 20172859 ex Kurz 39. Tabernaemontana corymbosa Shukh tagar Apocynaceae Shrub LC 20172909 Roxb. ex Wall. 40. Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) jangli tagar Apocynaceae Shrub LC 20172910 R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult. 41. Lata am Willughbeia edulis Roxb. Apocynaceae Climber VU 20172940 42. Indro job Wrightia arborea (Dennst.) Mabb. Apocynaceae Tree NT 20172942 43. Satagoza Ilex umbellulata (Wall.) Loes. aquifoliaceae Tree NE 20172732 44. Nimahook Aglaonema hookerianum Schott. Araceae Herb DD 20172514 45. Man kochu Alocacia indica (Roxb.) Schott. Araceae Shrub LC 20172519 46. Chinese Taro Alocasia cucullata (Lour.) Schott Araceae Herb LC 20172520 47. Voodoo lily Alocasia fornicata (Roxb.) Schott. Araceae Herb LC 20172521 48. Mankachu Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don Araceae Herb LC 20172522 49. Amorphophallus campanulatus Ol kachu Araceae Herb LC 20172534 (Roxb.) Bl. 50. Kochu Colocasia esculanta (L.) Schott. Araceae Herb LC 20172622 51. Homalomena aromatica (Spreng.) Homalomena Araceae Herb VU 20172725 Schott. 52. Kata kachu Lasia spinosa (L.) Thwaites Araceae Herb LC 20172755 53. Hatilata Pothos scandens L. Araceae Climber LC 20172844 54. Rhaphidophora glauca (Wallich) Fidoca Araceae Climber VU 20172860 Schott 55. Hongkongifi Rhaphidophora hongkongensis Araceae Herb VU 20172861 do Schott 56. Typhonium trilobatum (L.) Schott Ghetkochu Araceae Herb LC 20172931 var. trilobatun 57. Macropanax dispermus (Bl.) Pani kesuri Araliaceae Tree NT 20172772 Kuntze 58. Jeng jil Schefflera elliptica (Blume) Araliaceae Tree LC 20172873
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Sl Specimen Local Name Botanical Name Family Habit CS No No Harms. 59. Gracifuli Didymosperma gracilis Hook. F. Arecaceae Herb NT 20172658 60. Isharmul Aristolochia tagala Cham. Aristolochiaceae Climber LC 20172551 61. Baro akanda Calotropis gigantea (L.) Ait.f. Ascelpiadaceae Shrub LC 20172578 62. Anantamul Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. Ascelpiadaceae Climber LC 20172718 63. Myriopteron extensum (Wright & Not known Ascelpiadaceae Climber EN 20172802 Arn.) K. Schums. 64. Epiphyte Numrula Dischidia nummularia R. Br. Asclepiadaceae EN 20172671 s 65. Hoya parasitica (Roxb.) Wall. Ex Epiphyte Serapatahoya Asclepiadaceae LC 20172728 Wight. s 66. Not Known Dracaena reflexa var. reflexa Asparagaceae Shrub NE 20172672 67. Nagor Blumea balsamifera DC. Asteraceae Shrub LC 20172567 chandal 68. Kukur sunga Blumea lacera (Burn. f.) DC. Asteraceae Herb LC 20172568 69. Assam lata Chromolaena odorata L. Asteraceae Shrub LC 20172597 70. Ayapan, shial Eupatorium ayapana Vahl. Asteraceae Herb LC 20172683 muthi 71. Nurapali Gynura nepalensis A. DC. Asteraceae Herb LC 20172711 72. Mikania cordata (Burm. f.) Not known Asteraceae Climber LC 20172788 B.L.Rob. 73. Asam lata Mikania micrantha Kunth Asteraceae Shrub LC 20172789 74. Marhatitiga Spilanthes acmella L. Asteraceae Herb LC 20172887 75. Kukshim Vernonia patula (Aiton) Merr Asteraceae Herb LC 20172936 76. Bhimra Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr Asteraceae Herb LC 20172939 77. Xanthium indicum J. Konig. Ex Ghagra Asteraceae Herb LC 20172943 Roxb. 78. Pui shak Basella rubra L. Basellaceae Climber LC 20172559 79. Not known Begonia picta Sm. Begoniaceae Herb NE 20172562 80. Gonirakto Begonia roxburghii (Miq.) A. DC. Begoniaceae Herb NE 20172563 81. Not known Begonia thomsonii A.DC. Begoniaceae Herb NE 20172564 82. Khona Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz Bignoniaceae Tree LC 20172813 83. Pagenalia longifolia (Wild.) K. Hona Bignoniaceae Tree NT 20172820 Schum.
13 Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 18 September 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0432.v1
Sl Specimen Local Name Botanical Name Family Habit CS No No 84. Stereospermum personatum Dharmara Bignoniaceae Tree LC 20172897 (Hassk.) Chatt. 85. Stereospermum suaveolens Parul Bignoniaceae Tree LC 20172898 (Roxb.) DC. 86. Ban shimul Bombax insigne Wall. Bombacaceae Tree LC 20172571 87. Bohul Cordia dichotoma G. Forst. Boraginaceae Tree LC 20172627 88. Hatishor Heliotropium indicum L. Boraginaceae Herb LC 20172717 89. Canarium resiniferum Bruce ex Dhup Burseraceae Tree DD 20172579 King 90. Jeol bhadi Garuga pinnata Roxb. Burseraceae Tree LC 20172701 91. Protium serratum (Wall. ex gutgutia, neul Burseraceae Tree LC 20172850 Coelbr.) Engl 92. Sada kanchan Bauhinia acuminata L. Caesalpiniaceae Shrub LC 20172560 93. Rakta Bauhinia variegata L. Caesalpiniaceae Tree LC 20172561 Kanchan 94. Bogaserra Caesalpinia cucullata Roxb. Caesalpiniaceae Tree LC 20172575 kanta 95. Bador lati Cassia fistula L. Caesalpiniaceae Tree LC 20172585 96. Kalkasunde Cassia occidentalis L. Caesalpiniaceae Shrub LC 20172586 97. Ashok Saraca asoca (Roxb.) Willd. Caesalpiniaceae Tree LC 20172869 98. Dadmardan Senna alata (L.) Roxb. Caesalpiniaceae Shrub LC 20172876 99. Gandhosena Senna hirsuta L. Caesalpiniaceae Herb LC 20172877 100. Dadmari Senna tora (L.) Roxb. Caesalpiniaceae Herb LC 20172879 101. Tetul Tamarindus indica L. Caesalpiniaceae Tree LC 20172914 102. Bhang Cannabis sativus L. Cannabaceae Herb LC 20172580 103. Ladum, Crataeva magna (Lour.) DC. Capparaceae Tree NE 20172630 Barun 104. Madhu Stixis suaveolens (Roxburgh) Capparaceae Climber VU 20172899 matoli Pierre, Bull. 105. Haldehurhure Cleome viscosa L. Capparidaceae Herb LC 20172613 y 106. Papaya Carica papaya L. Caricaceae Shrub LC 20172583 107. Kurima Bhesa robusta (Roxb.) Ding Hou Celastraceae Tree VU 20172565 108. Bathua shak Chenopodium album L. Chenopodiaceae Herb LC 20172595
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Sl Specimen Local Name Botanical Name Family Habit CS No No 109. Anogeissus acuminata (Roxb. ex Esri Combretaceae Tree LC 20172541 DC.) Wall. ex Guill. & Perr. 110. Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Arjun Combretaceae Tree VU 20172917 Wight & Arn 111. Terminalia belerica (Gaertn.) Bohera Combretaceae Tree LC 20172918 Roxb. 112. Katbadam Terminalia catappa L. Combretaceae Tree LC 20172919 113. Horitoki Terminalia chebula (Gaertn.) Retz. Combretaceae Tree VU 20172920 114. Amischotolype hookeri Hassk.) H. na Commelinaceae Herb NE 20172533 Hara 115. Dholpata Commelina benghalensis L. Commelinaceae Herb LC 20172623 116. Monayna Commelina diffusa Burm. f. Commelinaceae Herb LC 20172624 kanshira 117. Not Known Floscopa scandens Lour. Commelinaceae Herb LC 20172698 118. Not Known Connarus wightii Hook. f. Connaraceae Shrub NE 20172625 119. Pashacuta Rourea commutata Planch. Connaraceae Shrub LC 20172866 120. Napigach Peliosanthes teta Andrews Convallariaceae Herb LC 20172825 121. Silky Morning Argyreia sericea Dalz. & Gib. Convolvulaceae Climber NE 20172550 Glory 122. Bhui okra Evolvulus nummularius L. Convolvulaceae Herb LC 20172685 123. Kalmi Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. Convolvulaceae Herb LC 20172733 shak(B), 124. Dhol kalmi Ipomoea fistulosa Mart. ex Chorsy Convolvulaceae Shrub LC 20172734 125. Languli lata Ipomoea pestigridis L. Convolvulaceae Herb LC 20172735 kalmi 126. Sada kolmi Merremia umbellata (L.) Hallier f. Convolvulaceae Climber LC 20172784 127. Kusta Costus speciosus (J.Koenig) Sm. Costaceae Shrub LC 20172629 128. Mula shak Raphanus sativus L. Cruciferae Herb LC 20172858 129. telacucha Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt Cucurbitaceae Climber LC 20172619 130. katabangi Cucumis hystrix Chakrav. Cucurbitaceae Climber EN 20172637 131. Tikkur Halud Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. Cucurbitaceae Climber LC 20172639 132. Gymnopetalum cochinchinense Not Known Cucurbitaceae Climber LC 20172710 (Lour.) kutz
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Sl Specimen Local Name Botanical Name Family Habit CS No No 133. Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Lau shak Cucurbitaceae Climber LC 20172751 Standl. 134. Kakro Momodica dioca Roxb. ex Willd. Cucurbitaceae Climber LC 20172793 135. Karala Momordica charantia L. Cucurbitaceae Climber LC 20172794 136. Ban kakrol Momordica cochinchinensis Lour. Cucurbitaceae Climber LC 20172795 137. Not known Momordica foetida Schumach. Cucurbitaceae Climber NE 20172796 138. Solena amplexicaulis (Lam.) Rakhal Gota Cucurbitaceae Herb LC 20172886 Gandhi 139. Makal Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour. Cucurbitaceae Climber LC 20172930 140. Actinoscirpus grossus (L.f) Kassari Cyperaceae Herb LC 20172511 Goetgh. & D.A. Simpson 141. Alga ghasi Cyperus laxus Lam. Cyperaceae Herb LC 20172646 142. Sakto khagra Cyperus pilosus Vahi. var. Pilosus Cyperaceae Herb LC 20172647 143. Phyla fimbry Fimbristylis aphylla Steud. Cyperaceae Herb LC 20172693 144. Kyllinga nemoralis (J. R. Forster Nirvishi & G. Forster) Dandy ex Cyperaceae Herb LC 20172750 Hutchinson & Dalziel 145. Dharal ghasi Scleria terrestris (L.) Fassett. Cyperaceae Herb LC 20172874 146. Dichapetalum gelonioides (Roxb.) moacura Dichapetalaceae Tree NE 20172657 Engl 147. Chalta Dillenia indica L. Dilleniaceae Tree LC 20172659 148. Hargaza, Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. Dilleniaceae Tree LC 20172660 ajuli 149. Lata chalta Tetracera sarmentosa (L.) Vahl. Dilleniaceae Shrub LC 20172921 150. Gasalu Dioscorea alata L. Dioscoreaceae Climber LC 20172661 151. Not known Dioscorea bulbifera L. Dioscoreaceae Climber LC 20172662 152. Shora alu Dioscorea glabra Roxb. Dioscoreaceae Climber VU 20172663 153. Milanomaitty Dioscorea melanophyma Prain & Dioscoreaceae Climber NT 20172664 a alu Burkill 154. Not known Dioscorea pentaphylla L. Dioscoreaceae Climber LC 20172665 155. Dholi garjan Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb. Dipterocarpaceae Tree LC 20172669 156. teli garjan Dipterocarpus turbinatus Gaertn. Dipterocarpaceae Tree LC 20172670 157. Telsur Hopea odorata Roxb. Dipterocarpaceae Tree VU 20172726 158. Bilati gub Diospyros blancoi A. DC. Ebenaceae Tree LC 20172666
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Sl Specimen Local Name Botanical Name Family Habit CS No No 159. Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Gub Ebenaceae Tree LC 20172667 Kostel. 160. Uri Gub Diospyros ramiflora Roxb. Ebenaceae Tree VU 20172668 161. Jolpai Elaeocarpus floribundus Blume Elaeocarpaceae Tree LC 20172677 162. Muktajhuri Acalypha indica L. Euphorbiaceae Herb LC 20172506 163. Actephila excelsa (Dalzell) Lalsa Euphorbiaceae Tree LC 20172510 Mull.Arg. 164. Aporosa octandra (Buch.-Ham. Ex Choto kechua Euphorbiaceae Tree NE 20172545 D. Don) A. R. Vickery 165. Silpati Breynia retusa (Dennst.) Alston Euphorbiaceae Shrub NE 20172572 166. Kantokushi Bridelia retusa L. Euphorbiaceae Tree NE 20172573 167. Paharibichuti Cnesmone javanica Bl. Euphorbiaceae Shrub NE 20172618 168. Bankhira Croton bonplandianum Baill. Euphorbiaceae Herb LC 20172636 169. Dudhiya Euphorbia hirta L. Euphorbiaceae Herb LC 20172684 170. Glochidion zeylanicum (Gaertn.) Not Known Euphorbiaceae Tree VU 20172705 A. Juss. 171. Ban bherenda Jatropha curcas L. Euphorbiaceae Shrub LC 20172742 172. Lal bherenda Jatropha gossypifolia L. Euphorbiaceae Shrub LC 20172743 173. Macaranga denticulata (Blume.) Bura Euphorbiaceae Tree LC 20172771 Muell. Arg. 174. Mallotus tetracoccus (Roxburgh) Kumaribura Euphorbiaceae Tree LC 20172775 Kurz 175. Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Not known Euphorbiaceae Shrub LC 20172824 Poiteau 176. Verenda Ricinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae Herb LC 20172865 177. Suregada multiflora (A. Juss.) Moricha Euphorbiaceae Tree LC 20172901 Baill. 178. Pitali Trewia nudiflora L. Euphorbiaceae Tree LC 20172929 179. Tetuiya Albizia odoratissima (L.f.) Benth. Fabaceae Tree LC 20172516 Koroi 180. Sil Koroi Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. Fabaceae Tree LC 20172517 181. Arhar Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth Fabaceae Shrub LC 20172576 182. Chhoto Crotalaria incana L. Fabaceae Herb NE 20172633 Jhunjhuni
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Sl Specimen Local Name Botanical Name Family Habit CS No No 183. Shonpot Crotalaria juncea L. Fabaceae Tree LC 20172634 184. Jhunjhuni Crotalaria pallida Aiton. Fabaceae Herb NE 20172635 185. Chalani Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. Fabaceae Herb LC 20172651 186. Desmodium Desmodium heterocarpon (L.) DC. Fabaceae Herb NT 20172652 187. laxmodi Desmodium laxiflorum DC. Fabaceae Climber LC 20172653 188. Kalaliya Desmodium trifolium (L.) DC. Fabaceae Herb NE 20172654 189. Erythrina variegata L. var. Mandar Fabaceae Tree LC 20172682 Variegata 190. Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Bara salphan Fabaceae Shrub LC 20172695 Merr. 191. Flemingia strobilifera (L.) W.T. Simbusak Fabaceae Shrub LC 20172696 Aiton 192. Not known Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp. Fabaceae Tree LC 20172703 193. Ghorachokha Ormosia robusta Baker Fabaceae Tree DD 20172812 shim 194. Kamranga Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) Fabaceae Climber LC 20172853 seem DC. 195. Gola kunch Pueraria tuberosa (Willd.) DC. Fabaceae Climber NT 20172856 196. Bara Senna occidentalis (L.) Link. Fabaceae Shrub LC 20172878 chalkesunda 197. Tadehagi triquetrum (L.) H. Luri manda Fabaceae Shrub NE 20172913 Ohashi subsp. triquetrum 198. Ban Nil Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers Fabaceae Herb LC 20172916 199. Asian foxtail Uraria crinita (L.) DC. Fabaceae Shrub NE 20172933 200. Sankarjata Uraria picta Desv. Fabaceae Shrub LC 20172934 201. Batna Castanopsis armata (Roxb.) Spach Fagaceae Tree NE 20172587 202. Kantasingarh Castanopsis tribuloides (Sm.) Fagaceae Tree NE 20172588 , kera A.DC. 203. Chilla Casearia tomentosa Roxb. Flacortiaceae Tree LC 20172584 204. Chalmugra Hydnocarpus kurzii (King) Warb. Flacortiaceae Tree NT 20172729 205. Painnya gola Flacourtia jangomas Lour. Flacourtiaceae Tree LC 20172694 206. Rhyncotechum ellipticum (Wall ex Not Known Gesneriaceae Shrub NT 20172864 D. Dietr.) A. DC. 207. Not Known Stauranthera grandiflora Benth. Gesneriaceae Herb NT 20172889
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Sl Specimen Local Name Botanical Name Family Habit CS No No 208. Stauranthera umbrosa (Griff.) Not Known Gesneriaceae Herb NE 20172890 C.B.Clarke 209. Cawagola Garcinia cowa Roxb. ex DC. Guttifarae Tree LC 20172699 210. Rigra Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers. Hydrocharitaceae Herb LC 20172816 211. Pudina pata Mentha viridis L. Labiatae Herb LC 20172783 212. Ajuga macrosperma Wall. ex Ajuga Lamiaceae Herb NE 20172515 Benth. 213. Jangli tulsi Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze Lamiaceae Herb LC 20172538 214. Clerodendrum nutans Wall. ex Fire bush Lamiaceae Shrub NE 20172617 Jack 215. Red basket Coleus rehneltianus A. Berger Lamiaceae Herb LC 20172620 216. Pathor chur Coleus scutellariodes (L.) Benth Lamiaceae Shrub LC 20172621 217. Not Known Dysophylla auricularia Bl. Lamiaceae Herb NE 20172675 218. Jateri Gomphostemma parviflorum Lamiaceae Shrub LC 20172708 bormala Wallich ex Bentham 219. Gol tokma Hyptis brevipes Poit. Lamiaceae Herb LC 20172730 220. Tokma Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Lamiaceae Shrub LC 20172731 221. Shetodron Leucas aspera (Roth.) Spreng Lamiaceae Herb LC 20172761 222. Dando kalosh Leucas cephalotes (Roth.) Spreng Lamiaceae Herb LC 20172762 223. Dando kalosh Leucas indica (L.) R. Br. ex Vatke Lamiaceae Herb LC 20172763 224. Bantulsi Ocimum americum L. Lamiaceae Herb LC 20172806 225. Ram tulsi Ocimum gratissimum L. Lamiaceae Shrub LC 20172807 226. Tulsi Ocimum tenuiflorum L. Lamiaceae Shrub LC 20172808 227. Orthosiphon rubicundus (D. Don) Bankiker Lamiaceae Herb NE 20172814 Benth 228. Paraylla Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt Lamiaceae Herb LC 20172830 229. Cinnamomum cecidodaphne Tejbohol Lauraceae Tree NT 20172599 Meisn. 230. Cinnamomum pachyphyllum Ban Tejpata Lauraceae Tree NE 20172600 Kosterm. 231. Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.- Tejpata Lauraceae Tree NE 20172601 hum.) Nees & Eberm. 232. Baghraj Dehaasia kurzii King ex Hook. F. Lauraceae Tree NE 20172650 233. Menda, Meda Litsea glutinosa Lour. Lauraceae Tree LC 20172768
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Sl Specimen Local Name Botanical Name Family Habit CS No No 234. Bara Litsea monopetala (Roxb.) Lauraceae Shrub LC 20172769 kukurchita Persoon 235. Parabatpadi Leea aequata L. Leeaceae Shrub LC 20172757 236. Danakhonghl Leea alata Edgen. Leeaceae Shrub LC 20172758 a 237. Leea macrophylla Roxb. ex Dholshomdro Leeaceae Shrub LC 20172759 Hornem 238. Lalbhanga Leea rubra Blume ex Spreng. Leeaceae Shrub ne 20172760 239. Barakanur Crinum asiaticum L. Liliaceae Herb LC 20172632 240. Talamuli Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. Liliaceae Herb LC 20172638 241. Satipata Molineria capitulata (Lour.)Herb. Liliaceae Herb LC 20172792 242. Zai ghas Lindernia antipoda (l.) Alston Linderniaceae Herb LC 20172765 243. Not Known Lindernia ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell Linderniaceae Herb LC 20172766 244. Jarul Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. Lythraceae Tree LC 20172752 245. Mehedi, Lawsonia inermis L. Lythraceae Shrub LC 20172756 Hena 246. Dhatriphul Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz Lythraceae Shrub NT 20172941 247. Champa Michelia champaca L. Magnoliaceae Tree LC 20172785 248. Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Dherosh Malvaceae Herb LC 20172501 Moench 249. Mushakdana Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. Malvaceae Shrub NE 20172502 250. Joba Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Malvaceae Shrub LC 20172719 251. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. var. Chukhai Malvaceae Herb LC 20172720 Sabdariffa 252. Achar gota Microcos paniculata L. Malvaceae Shrub LC 20172786 253. Ban methi Sida acuta Burm. f. Malvaceae Herb LC 20172881 254. Lal barela Sida rhombifolia L. Malvaceae Herb LC 20172882 255. Banokra Urena lobata L. Malvaceae Shrub LC 20172935 256. Arraroot Maranta arundinacea L. Marantaceae Herb LC 20172779 257. Not Known Phrynium pubinerve Blume Marantaceae Herb NE 20172833 258. Datranga Melastoma malabathricum L. Melastomataceae Shrub LC 20172781 259. Osbeckia stellata Buch.-Hum. ex Gaichi Melastomataceae Shrub NE 20172815 Ker Gawl 260. Bristletips Oxyspora paniculata (D. Don) DC Melastomataceae Shrub DD 20172818
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Sl Specimen Local Name Botanical Name Family Habit CS No No var. vagans (Roxb.) 261. Aphanamixis polystachya Pitraj, Royna Meliaceae Tree LC 20172544 (Wall.)R.N.Parker 262. Chisocheton cumingianus (C.DC.) Lal pitraj Meliaceae Tree LC 20172596 Harms. 263. Chirkrassi Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss meliaceae Tree LC 20172598 264. Neem Melia azederach L. Meliaceae Tree LC 20172782 265. Mahagoni Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. Meliaceae Tree LC 20172902 266. Rongi, Toon Toona ciliata Roemer Meliaceae Tree LC 20172927 267. Patal pur Cyclea barbata Miers. Menispermaceae Climber NT 20172643 268. Pericampylus glaucus (Lam.) Goria loti Menispermaceae Climber LC 20172829 Merr. 269. tanda manik Stephania glabra (Roxb.) Miers Menispermaceae Climber LC 20172893 270. Stephania japonica (Thumb.) Akanadi Menispermaceae Climber LC 20172894 Miers 271. Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Gulancho Menispermaceae Climber LC 20172925 Miers 272. Tinospora cripsa (L.) Hook. f. & Gulancha Menispermaceae Climber NT 20172926 Thomson. 273. Khair Acacia catechu (L. f.) Willd Mimosacea Tree LC 20172505 274. Lajjabati Mimusa pudica L. Mimosacea Herb LC 20172791 275. Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Taub. Var Lohakat kerrii (Craib & Hutch.) I.C. Mimosaceae Tree LC 20172945 Neilsen 276. Chapalish, Artocarpus chama Buch-Ham. ex Moraceae Tree NE 20172552 cham Wall 277. Kanthal Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk. Moraceae Tree LC 20172553 278. Dewa, Borta Artocarpus lacucha Buch.-Ham. Moraceae Tree LC 20172554 279. Pahari sheora Balanostreblus ilicifolius Kurz. Moraceae Tree LC 20172558 280. Bot Ficus benghalensis L. Moraceae Tree LC 20172686 281. Jiri bot, Ficus benjamina L. Moraceae Tree LC 20172687 Pakur 282. Kak dumur Ficus hispida L. F. Moraceae Tree LC 20172688 283. Latalo bot Ficus pumila L. Moraceae Climber LC 20172689
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Sl Specimen Local Name Botanical Name Family Habit CS No No 284. Jagya Dumur Ficus racemosa L. Moraceae Tree LC 20172690 285. Dumur Ficus roxburghii Wall. Moraceae Tree LC 20172691 286. Lata dumur Ficus scandens Roxb. Moraceae Climber LC 20172692 287. Sheora Streblus asper Lour. Moraceae Tree LC 20172900 288. Shajina Moringa oleifera Lam. Moringaceae Tree LC 20172797 289. Not Known Horsfieldia kingii (Hook. f.) Warb. Myristicaceae Tree VU 20172727 290. Am Berela Myristica linifolia Roxb. Myristicaceae Tree LC 20172803 291. Banjam Ardisia solanacea (Poir.) Roxb. Myrsinaceae Shrub NT 20172548 292. Ramjani Maesa indica (Roxb.) DC Myrsinaceae Shrub LC 20172773 293. Moricha Maesa ramentacea (Roxb.) A. DC. Myrsinaceae Shrub LC 20172774 294. Peyara Psidium guajava L. Myrtaceae Tree LC 20172852 295. Kalajam, Jam Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeeels Myrtaceae Tree LC 20172904 296. Putijam, Syzygium fruticosum (Roxb.) DC. Myrtaceae Tree LC 20172905 kakjam 297. Dhakijam Syzygium grande (Wight) Walp. Myrtaceae Tree LC 20172906 298. Golap jam Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston Myrtaceae Tree LC 20172907 299. Jamrul Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. Myrtaceae Tree LC 20172908 300. Purnanova Boerhavia diffusa L. Nyctaginaceae Herb LC 20172570 301. Banmallika, Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton Oleaceae Shrub LC 20172740 Beli 302. Jangli jui Jasminum scandens Vahl Oleaceae Shrub LC 20172741 303. Chikna bizi Myxopyrum smilacifolia Blume Oleaceae Shrub NT 20172804 304. Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G.Don) Panilong Onagraceae Herb LC 20172770 Exell 305. Not Known Crepidium biauritum (Lindl.) D.L. Orchidaceae Herb EN 20172631 306. Epiphyte Tosabak Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw. Orchidaceae LC 20172644 s 307. Geodorum densiflorum (Lam.) Shankhamul Orchidaceae Herb NE 20172702 Schltr 308. Patagona Nervilia aragoana Geudich. Orchidaceae Herb VU 20172805 Shiral 309. Epiphyte Folidota Pholidota imbricata Lindl. Orchidaceae NT 20172832 s 310. Shial leza Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume Orchidaceae Epiphyte LC 20172863
22 Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 18 September 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0432.v1
Sl Specimen Local Name Botanical Name Family Habit CS No No orchid s 311. Bilimbi Averrhoa bilimbi L. Oxalidaceae Tree LC 20172555 312. Kamranga Averrhoa carambola L. Oxalidaceae Tree LC 20172556 313. Amrul shak Oxalis corniculata L. Oxalidaceae Herb LC 20172817 314. Chata Pat, Licuala peltata Roxb. Palmae Tree VU 20172764 Kurud 315. Popy, Argemone maxicana L. Papaveraceae Herb LC 20172549 Shialkanta 316. Jhumkolata Passiflora foetida L. Passifloraceae Climber LC 20172822 317. Lotkon Baccaurea ramiflora Lour Phyllantanceae Tree LC 20172557 318. Khudijam Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn. Phyllanthaceae Tree LC 20172543 319. Kokra Aporosa wallichii Hook. f. Phyllanthaceae Tree NE 20172546 320. Kanjol Bhadi Bischofia javanica Blume. Phyllanthaceae Tree LC 20172566 321. Amloki Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Phyllanthaceae Tree LC 20172679 322. Vuiamla Phyllanthus niruri L. Phyllanthaceae Herb LC 20172834 323. Orboroi Phyllunthus acidus (L.) Skeels Phyllanthaceae Tree LC 20172835 324. Not Known Peperomia caperata Yunck. Piperaceae Herb LC 20172827 325. Luchi Pata Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth. Piperaceae Herb LC 20172828 326. Chui jhal Piper chaba Hunter Piperaceae Climber LC 20172838 327. Pipla Piper longum L. Piperaceae Climber LC 20172839 328. Ban pipul Piper rhytidocarpum Hook. f. Piperaceae Climber LC 20172840 329. Pahari pipul Piper sylvaticum Roxb. Piperaceae Climber NT 20172841 330. Cymbopogon citratus (DC. ex Lemon grass Poaceae Herb NT 20172645 Nees) Stapf 331. Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Makra Poaceae Herb LC 20172648 Willd. 332. Renga grass Saccharum arundinaceum Retc. Poaceae Herb LC 20172868 333. Udodhan Setaria palmifolia (J.König) Stapf Poaceae Herb LC 20172880 334. Kaker Ampelygonum chinense (L.) Lindl. Polygonaceae Climber LC 20172535 Pantabhat 335. Persicaria acuminata (Kunth) Bish katali Polygonaceae Herb LC 20172831 M.Gómez 336. Pani marich Presicaria hydropiper L. Polygonaceae Herb LC 20172849 337. Nunia shak Portulaca oleracea L. Portulacaceae Herb LC 20172843
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Sl Specimen Local Name Botanical Name Family Habit CS No No 338. Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Kachuripana Potenderiaceae Herb LC 20172676 Solms 339. Dalim Punica granatum L. Punicaceae Tree LC 20172857 340. Ban boroi Zizyphus oenoplia (L.) Mill Rhamnaceae Shrub LC 20172951 341. Matang Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr. Rhizophoraceae Tree LC 20172581 342. Ceylon Prunus ceylanica (Wight) Miq. Rosaceae Tree NE 20172851 cherry 343. Lalmalakka Rubus moluccanus L. Rosaceae Climber LC 20172867 344. Haldu Adina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale Rubiaceae Tree NT 20172512 345. Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Kadam Rubiaceae Tree LC 20172542 Miq. 346. Botta Gardenia coronaria Buch. Ham. Rubiaceae Tree LC 20172700 347. Not Known Hedyotis thomsonii Hook. f. Rubiaceae Herb EN 20172715 348. Hedyotis verticillata (Linnaeus) Not Known Rubiaceae Herb LC 20172716 Lamarck 349. Java rangan Ixora javanica (Blume) DC. Rubiaceae Shrub LC 20172736 350. Shada rangan Ixora lanceolata Lam. Rubiaceae Shrub LC 20172737 351. Ixora nigricans R. Br. ex Wight & Kuthi rangan Rubiaceae Shrub NT 20172738 Arn. 352. Shum rangan Ixora spectabilis Wall. Ex G. Don Rubiaceae Shrub VU 20172739 353. Nagaballi Mussaenda frondosa L. Rubiaceae Shrub LC 20172799 354. Mussaenda Mussaenda roxburghii Hook.f. Rubiaceae Shrub NT 20172800 355. Mycetia Mycetia longifolia (Wall.) Kuntz. Rubiaceae Shrub VU 20172801 356. Khetpapri Oldenlandia corymbosa L. Rubiaceae Herb LC 20172809 357. Harigandhali Ophiorrhiza harissiana B. Heyne Rubiaceae Herb NE 20172810 358. Pislagandhali Ophiorrhiza villosa Roxb. Rubiaceae Herb VU 20172811 359. Gandhabhadu Paedaria foetida L. Rubiaceae Climber LC 20172819 li 360. Bana mali Pavetta indica L. var. indica Rubiaceae Shrub LC 20172823 361. Lal bhuta Psychotria calocarpa Kurz. Rubiaceae Shrub NT 20172854 362. Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex. Cat's claw Rubiaceae Climber NT 20172932 Schult.) DC. 363. Banjamir Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Miq. Rutaceae Tree NE 20172509 364. Bel Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Rutaceae Tree LC 20172513
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Sl Specimen Local Name Botanical Name Family Habit CS No No 365. Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Lebu Rutaceae Shrub LC 20172608 Suingle 366. Rough lemon Citrus jambhiri Lush. Rutaceae Tree LC 20172609 367. Jambura Citrus maxima (Burm.f.) Merr. Rutaceae Tree LC 20172610 368. Pan karpur Clasusena excavate Burm.f. Rutaceae Tree LC 20172611 369. Moricha, Pan Clausena heptaphylla (Roxb.) Rutaceae Tree LC 20172612 mauri Wight & Arn. 370. Datnajan Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz) Rutaceae Shrub LC 20172706 371. Micromelum minutum (G.Forst.) Bankunch Rutaceae Tree LC 20172787 Wight & Arn. 372. Currypata Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng Rutaceae Shrub LC 20172798 373. Katachita Allophylus serratus (Roxb.) Prain Sapindaceae Tree NE 20172518 374. phutka Cardiospermum halicacabum L. Sapindaceae Herb LC 20172582 375. Puli pita gach Harpullia arborea (Blanco) Radlk. Sapindaceae Shrub VU 20172712 376. Litchu Litchi chinensis Sonn. Sapindaceae Tree LC 20172767 377. Bura Xerospermum laevigatum Radlk. Sapindaceae Tree VU 20172944 378. Sofeda Achras zapota L. Sapotaceae Tree LC 20172507 379. Palaquium polyanthum (Wall. ex Lali Sapotaceae Tree NE 20172821 G. Don.) Baill 380. Kadsura Kadsura heteroclita (Roxb.) Craib Schisandraceae Climber NE 20172745 381. Kumarilata Smilax prolifera Roxb Smilaceae Climber NT 20172883 382. Datura Datura metel L. Solanaceae Herb LC 20172649 383. Phutka Physalis micrantha Link. Solanaceae Herb LC 20172836 384. Katabegun Solanum sisymbrifolium Lam. Solanaceae Shrub LC 20172884 385. Jangli begum Solanum torvum Sw. Solanaceae Shrub LC 20172885 386. Duabanga grandiflora (Roxb. ex Bandorhola Sonneratiaceae Tree LC 20172674 DC.) Walp. 387. Lalgurania Stemona tuberosa Lour. Stemonaceae Climber NT 20172892 alu 388. Ulatkambal Abroma augusta L. Sterculiaceae Shrub NT 20172504 389. Harjora Byttneria pilosa Roxb. Sterculiaceae Climber LC 20172574 390. Buddha - Pterygota alata (Roxb.) R.Br. Sterculiaceae Tree LC 20172855 Narike 391. Shampan Scaphium scaphigerum (Wall. ex Sterculiaceae Tree VU 20172872
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Sl Specimen Local Name Botanical Name Family Habit CS No No G.Don) Guibourt & Planch. 392. Sterculia hamiltonii (Kuntze) Toni udal Sterculiaceae Shrub LC 20172895 Adelb 393. Udal Sterculia villosa Roxb. ex DC. Sterculiaceae Tree LC 20172896 394. Symplocos macrophylla Wall. ex Borobhauri Symplocaceae Tree VU 20172903 DC ssp. Macrophylla 395. Badurfuli Tacca chantrieri Andre Taccaceae Shrub LC 20172911 396. Bara hikond Tacca integrifolia Ker Gawl. Taccaceae Shrub NE 20172912 397. Chundul Tetrameles nudiflora R. Br. Tetramelaceae Tree NE 20172922 398. Agor Aquilaria agallocha Lamk. Thymeleaceae Tree LC 20172547 399. Titpata Corchorus aestuans L. Tiliaceae Shrub LC 20172626 400. Panicherra Grewia serrulata DC. Tiliaceae Shrub LC 20172709 401. Jigni Trema orientalis (L.) Blume Ulmaceae Tree LC 20172928 shuktani 402. Malabaruli Boehmaria malabarica Wedd. Urticaceae Shrub LC 20172569 403. Silajhara Elatostema papillosum wedd. Urticaceae Herb NE 20172678 404. Lal bichuti Fleurya interrupta (L.) Gaudich Urticaceae Herb LC 20172697 405. Not Known Laportea crenulata Gaud. Urticaceae Shrub LC 20172754 406. Not Known Pellionia heyneana Weddell. Urticaceae Herb NE 20172826 407. Pilea Pilea melastomoides (Poir.) Wedd. Urticaceae Shrub EN 20172837 408. Hirazolzi Pouzolzia hirta (Blume) Hassk. Urticaceae Herb LC 20172845 409. Check Pouzolzia indica (L.) Gaudich Urticaceae Herb LC 20172846 410. Jangallya Sarcochlamys pulcherrima Urticaceae Shrub NE 20172870 Shak Guadich. 411. Bormala Callicarpa arborea (Roxb.) Verbenaceae Tree LC 20172577 412. Bamun hati Clerodendrum indicum L. Kuntze. Verbenaceae Shrub LC 20172614 413. Clerodendrum japonicum (Thunb.) Rakta bhait Verbenaceae Shrub NT 20172615 Sweet 414. Bhait Clerodendrum viscosum Vent. Verbenaceae Shrub LC 20172616 415. Gamar Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbenaceae Tree LC 20172707 416. Lantana Lantana camera L. Verbenaceae Shrub LC 20172753 417. Lalang Premna esculenta Roxb. Verbenaceae Shrub LC 20172847 418. Goniari Premna integrifolia L. Verbenaceae Shrub NE 20172848 419. Segun Tectona grandis L.f. Verbenaceae Tree LC 20172915
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Sl Specimen Local Name Botanical Name Family Habit CS No No 420. Vitex peduncularis Wall. ex Horina Verbenaceae Tree NE 20172937 Schauer 421. Japani Cayratia japonica (Thunb.) Vitaceae Climber LC 20172590 goalilata Gagnep 422. Goalilata Cayratia pedata (Lam.) Gagnep. Vitaceae Climber NT 20172591 423. Cayratia tenuifolia (Wight & Not Known Vitaceae Climber NT 20172592 Arn.) Gagnep 424. Alianga -lata Cissus adnata Roxb. Vitaceae Climber LC 20172602 425. Amashalata Cissus assamica (Lawson) Craib Vitaceae Climber LC 20172603 426. Begonia lata Cissus discolor Blume Vitaceae Climber LC 20172604 427. Rangila lata Cissus javanica DC. Vitaceae Climber LC 20172605 428. Tok patha Cissus repens Lam. Vitaceae Climber DD 20172606 429. Cissus repanda (Wight & Arn.) Agrorida Vitaceae Climber LC 20172607 Vahl 430. Not Known Vitis flexuosa Thunb. Vitaceae Climber NE 20172938 431. Konchi Alpinia conchigera Griff. Zingiberaceae Herb LC 20172524 elachi 432. Deo tara Alpinia malaccensis Brum.f. Zingiberaceae Herb LC 20172525 433. Not Known Alpinia mutica Roscoe Zingiberaceae Herb NE 20172526 434. Tara Alpinia nigra (Gaertn.) Burtt Zingiberaceae Herb LC 20172527 435. Kalo halud Curcuma caesia Roxb. Zingiberaceae Herb LC 20172640 436. Halud Curcuma longa L. Zingiberaceae Herb LC 20172641 437. Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Shoti Zingiberaceae Herb LC 20172642 Roscoe 438. Jhuli globba Globba pendula Roxb. Zingiberaceae Herb EN 20172704 439. Hedychium coccineum Buch.-hum Vui ada Zingiberaceae Herb LC 20172713 ex Sm. 440. Not Known Hedychium gardnerianum Roscoe Zingiberaceae Herb NE 20172714 441. Sichnana Hitchenia careyana Benth. Zingiberaceae Herb NE 20172721 442. Chandumula Kaempferia galanga L. Zingiberaceae Herb LC 20172746 443. Vui chapa Kaempferia rotunda L. Zingiberaceae Herb LC 20172747 444. Kamepferia parvifolara Wall. Ex Kala bach Zingiberaceae Herb LC 20172748 Baker 445. Dancing Girl Mantisia spathulata (Roxb.) Zingiberaceae Herb LC 20172778
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Sl Specimen Local Name Botanical Name Family Habit CS No No Schult. 446. Jongli ada Zingiber capitatum Roxb. Zingiberaceae Herb NE 20172946 447. Zingiber montanum (J.König) Link Ban Ada Zingiberaceae Herb LC 20172947 ex A.Dietr. 448. Ada Zingiber officinale Rosc. Zingiberaceae Herb LC 20172948 449. Murgagachh Zingiber rubens Roxb. Zingiberaceae Herb NT 20172949 450. Mahabaribac Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Zingiberaceae Herb LC 20172950 h Sm. 296 CS=Conservation Status; LC=Least concern; NT=Near threatened; VU=Vulnearable; 297 EN=Endangered; DD=Data Deficient; NE=Not evaluated 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315
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