DOCSLIB.ORG

A Dissertation Submitted for Partial Fulfillment Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Dissertation Submitted for Partial Fulfillment Of DIVERSITY OF NATURALIZED PLANT SPECIES ACROSS LAND USE TYPES IN MAKWANPUR DISTRICT, CENTRAL NEPAL A Dissertation Submitted for Partial Fulfillment of the Requirmentment for the Master‟s Degree in Botany, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Submitted by Bhawani Nyaupane Exam Roll No.:107/071 Batch: 2071/73 T.U Reg. No.: 5-2-49-10-2010 Ecology and Resource Management Unit Central Department of Botany Institute of Science and Technology Tribhuvan University Kirtipur, Kathamndu, Nepal May, 2019 RECOMMENDATION This is to certify that the dissertation work entitled “DIVERSITY OF NATURALIZED PLANT ACROSS LAND USE TYPES IN MAKWANPUR DISTRICT, CENTRAL NEPAL” has been submitted by Ms. Bhawani Nyaupane under my supervision. The entire work is accomplished on the basis of Candidate‘s original research work. As per my knowledge, the work has not been submitted to any other academic degree. It is hereby recommended for acceptance of this dissertation as a partial fulfillment of the requirement of Master‘s Degree in Botany at Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University. ………………………… Supervisor Dr. Bharat Babu Shrestha Associate Professor Central Department of Botany TU, Kathmandu, Nepal. Date: 17th May, 2019 ii LETTER OF APPROVAL The M.Sc. dissertation entitled “DIVERSITY OF NATURALIZED PLANT SPECIES ACROSS LAND USE TYPES IN MAKWANPUR DISTRICT, CENTRAL NEPAL” submitted at the Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University by Ms. Bhawani Nyaupane has been accepted as a partial fulfillment of the requirement of Master‘s Degree in Botany (Ecology and Resource Management Unit). EXAMINATION COMMITTEE ………………………. ……………………. External Examiner Internal Examiner Dr. Rashila Deshar Dr. Anjana Devkota Assistant Professor Associate Professor Central Department of Environmental Science Central Department of Botany TU, Kathmandu, Nepal. TU, Kathmandu, Nepal. ……………………… ……………………… Supervisor Head of the Department Dr. Bharat Babu Shrestha Dr. Ram Kailash Prasad Yadav Associate Professor Professor Central Department of Botany Central Department of Botany TU, Kathmandu, Nepal. TU, Kathmandu, Nepal. Date: 22th May, 2019 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Dr. Bharat Babu Shrestha for his valuable comments, suggestions, courage and steering me in the right the direction whenever I needed it. I would also like to thanks Prof. Mohan Siwakoti for advices, inspirations and helping for plant identification. I would be glad to thanks Prof. Dr. Ram Kailash Yadav, Head of the Department for his insightful suggestions and motivation. I would also like to dedicate my heartily grateful to Dr. Bhaskar Adhikari for helping in identification as well as for his precious suggestions and helps. I also want to thank Dr. Lila Nath Sharma for helping in data analysis. My heartily thanks also goes to former senior scientist of Department of Plant Resources Dr. Keshab Raj Rajbhandari for monocot identification and Prof. Dr. Sangeeta Rajbhandary and Mr. Dhan Raj Kandel for Pteridophytes identifications. I can‘t wait to convey my acknowledgement to Dr. Chitra Bhadur Baniya, Dr. Anjana Devkota and Prof. Dr. Suresh Kumar Ghimire for their guidance during the thesis. The data present in this thesis is a part of a research project „Science-based Interventions Reversing Negative Impacts of Invasive Plants in Nepal‟ funded by ‗Darwin Initiative Project, UK.‘ and implemented by Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST), Department of Plant Resources (DPR), Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation, GoN, and the Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University. I can‘t stop myself to thanks all the members of National Herbarium and Plant Laboratories, Lalitpur (KATH) and Central National Herbarium, Kolkata (CAL) for their assistance during plant identification. I am heartily grateful to my seniors Mr. Yagya Raj Paneru, Mr. Devi Ram Bhatt, Mr. Prabin Bhandari, Mr. Yadu Nath Poudel, Mr. Bishnu Rijal and Mrs. Sajita Dhakal for their endless support during thesis completion. I would also like to thanks my friends Sabana Parveen, Ashika Bhusal, Ganesh Joshi, Rasmi Paudel, Ajay Neupane, Ilina Bajracharya, Mameeta Shakya, Prativa Paneru. I would like to thanks my heartily grateful to my juniors Ashish Prakriti Dhital, Prativa Budathoki, Prithivi Raj Gurung and Mahesh Bist for their support during course of my study. Date: 17th May, 2019 Bhawani Nyaupane iv TABLE OF CONTENTS RECOMMENDATION ............................................................................................. ii LETTER OF APPROVAL ....................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................... v LISTS OF FIGURES ............................................................................................... vii LISTS OF TABLE ................................................................................................. viii ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .................................................................. ix CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 1 1.1 Background ...................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Rationale .......................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Hypothesis ....................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Objectives ........................................................................................................ 4 1.5 Limitations of the study .................................................................................... 4 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................. 5 2.1 Biological Invasions ......................................................................................... 5 2.2 Community Invasibilty ..................................................................................... 5 2.3 Naturalized Plants Diversity at Multiple Spatial Scale ...................................... 7 2.4 Naturalization and Invasiveness ....................................................................... 8 2.5 Naturalized Plants Diversity in Nepal ............................................................... 8 CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................................ 11 3.1 Study area ...................................................................................................... 11 3.1.1 Physiography ........................................................................................... 11 3.1.2 Climate .................................................................................................... 13 3.1.3 Vegetation and land use pattern................................................................ 13 3.2 Methods ......................................................................................................... 16 3.2.1 Study approach and data sources .............................................................. 16 3.2.2 Preparation of checklist ............................................................................ 16 3.2.3 Voucher Specimens Collection and Identification .................................... 17 3.2.4 Vegetation Sampling ................................................................................ 17 3.2.5 Categorization of Species ......................................................................... 19 3.3 Soil Analysis .................................................................................................. 20 v 3.4 Data Analysis ................................................................................................. 22 3.4.1 Comparison of native and naturalized plants diversity among land use types ......................................................................................................................... 22 3.4.2 Detrended Corresponding Analysis (DCA) .............................................. 22 3.4.3 Canonical Corresponding Analysis (CCA) ............................................... 23 CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS ................................................................................ 24 4.1 Vascular Plant Diversity ................................................................................. 24 4.2 Diversity of Naturalized Plant Species ............................................................ 25 4.3 Species richness of naturalized and native plant species ................................. 27 4.4 Plant Diversity across Land use Types............................................................ 29 4.4.1 Coverage and Frequency of naturalized plants ......................................... 31 4.4.2 Distribution of sampling plots .................................................................. 35 4.5 Influence of Environmental Variables on Naturalized non- invasive and Invasive Plants ..................................................................................................... 37 CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION ............................................................................ 44 5.1 Floral Composition ......................................................................................... 44 5.2 Naturalized
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download All Notifications to a Spreadsheet for Analysis
    Kent Academic Repository Full text document (pdf) Citation for published version Hinsley, Amy Elizabeth (2016) Characterising the structure and function of international wildlife trade networks in the age of online communication. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) thesis, University of Kent,. DOI Link to record in KAR https://kar.kent.ac.uk/54427/ Document Version UNSPECIFIED Copyright & reuse Content in the Kent Academic Repository is made available for research purposes. Unless otherwise stated all content is protected by copyright and in the absence of an open licence (eg Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher, author or other copyright holder. Versions of research The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record. Enquiries For any further enquiries regarding the licence status of this document, please contact: [email protected] If you believe this document infringes copyright then please contact the KAR admin team with the take-down information provided at http://kar.kent.ac.uk/contact.html Characterising the structure and function of international wildlife trade networks in the age of online communication Amy Elizabeth Hinsley Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology School of Anthropology and Conservation University of Kent A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biodiversity Management March 2016 “You can get off alcohol, drugs, women, food and cars but once you're hooked on orchids you're finished." Joe Kunisch, professional orchid grower, (quoted in Hansen.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnobotanical Study on Wild Edible Plants Used by Three Trans-Boundary Ethnic Groups in Jiangcheng County, Pu’Er, Southwest China
    Ethnobotanical study on wild edible plants used by three trans-boundary ethnic groups in Jiangcheng County, Pu’er, Southwest China Yilin Cao Agriculture Service Center, Zhengdong Township, Pu'er City, Yunnan China ren li ( [email protected] ) Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0810-0359 Shishun Zhou Shoutheast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Liang Song Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Intergrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ruichang Quan Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Huabin Hu CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Keywords: wild edible plants, trans-boundary ethnic groups, traditional knowledge, conservation and sustainable use, Jiangcheng County Posted Date: September 29th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-40805/v2 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published on October 27th, 2020. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-020-00420-1. Page 1/35 Abstract Background: Dai, Hani, and Yao people, in the trans-boundary region between China, Laos, and Vietnam, have gathered plentiful traditional knowledge about wild edible plants during their long history of understanding and using natural resources. The ecologically rich environment and the multi-ethnic integration provide a valuable foundation and driving force for high biodiversity and cultural diversity in this region.
    [Show full text]
  • PGR Diversity and Economic Utilization of Orchids
    Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(10): 1865-1887 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 10 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.810.217 PGR Diversity and Economic Utilization of Orchids R. K. Pamarthi, R. Devadas, Raj Kumar, D. Rai, P. Kiran Babu, A. L. Meitei, L. C. De, S. Chakrabarthy, D. Barman and D. R. Singh* ICAR-NRC for Orchids, Pakyong, Sikkim, India ICAR-IARI, Kalimpong, West Bengal, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Orchids are one of the highly commercial crops in floriculture sector and are robustly exploited due to the high ornamental and economic value. ICAR-NRC for Orchids Pakyong, Sikkim, India, majorly focused on collection, characterization, K e yw or ds evaluation, conservation and utilization of genetic resources available in the country particularly in north-eastern region and developed a National repository of Orchids, Collection, Conservation, orchids. From 1996 to till date, several exploration programmes carried across the Utilization country and a total of 351 species under 94 genera was collected and conserved at Article Info this institute. Among the collections, 205 species were categorized as threatened species, followed by 90 species having breeding value, 87 species which are used Accepted: in traditional medicine, 77 species having fragrance and 11 species were used in 15 September 2019 traditional dietary. Successful DNA bank of 260 species was constructed for Available Online: 10 October 2019 future utilization in various research works. The collected orchid germplasm which includes native orchids was successfully utilized in breeding programme for development of novel varieties and hybrids.
    [Show full text]
  • DPR Journal 2016 Corrected Final.Pmd
    Bul. Dept. Pl. Res. No. 38 (A Scientific Publication) Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation Department of Plant Resources Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal 2016 ISSN 1995 - 8579 Bulletin of Department of Plant Resources No. 38 PLANT RESOURCES Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation Department of Plant Resources Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal 2016 Advisory Board Mr. Rajdev Prasad Yadav Ms. Sushma Upadhyaya Mr. Sanjeev Kumar Rai Managing Editor Sudhita Basukala Editorial Board Prof. Dr. Dharma Raj Dangol Dr. Nirmala Joshi Ms. Keshari Maiya Rajkarnikar Ms. Jyoti Joshi Bhatta Ms. Usha Tandukar Ms. Shiwani Khadgi Mr. Laxman Jha Ms. Ribita Tamrakar No. of Copies: 500 Cover Photo: Hypericum cordifolium and Bistorta milletioides (Dr. Keshab Raj Rajbhandari) Silene helleboriflora (Ganga Datt Bhatt), Potentilla makaluensis (Dr. Hiroshi Ikeda) Date of Publication: April 2016 © All rights reserved Department of Plant Resources (DPR) Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel: 977-1-4251160, 4251161, 4268246 E-mail: [email protected] Citation: Name of the author, year of publication. Title of the paper, Bul. Dept. Pl. Res. N. 38, N. of pages, Department of Plant Resources, Kathmandu, Nepal. ISSN: 1995-8579 Published By: Mr. B.K. Khakurel Publicity and Documentation Section Dr. K.R. Bhattarai Department of Plant Resources (DPR), Kathmandu,Ms. N. Nepal. Joshi Dr. M.N. Subedi Reviewers: Dr. Anjana Singh Ms. Jyoti Joshi Bhatt Prof. Dr. Ram Prashad Chaudhary Mr. Baidhya Nath Mahato Dr. Keshab Raj Rajbhandari Ms. Rose Shrestha Dr. Bijaya Pant Dr. Krishna Kumar Shrestha Ms. Shushma Upadhyaya Dr. Bharat Babu Shrestha Dr. Mahesh Kumar Adhikari Dr. Sundar Man Shrestha Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Threats Assessment, Current Distributional Record, Field Status and Therapeutic Uses of Medicinally Important Bulbophyllum Thou
    Trends4362 in Biosciences 10(22), Print : ISSN 0974-8431,Trends 4362-4369, in Biosciences 2017 10 (22), 2017 Threats Assessment, Current Distributional Record, Field Status and Therapeutic Uses of Medicinally Important Bulbophyllum Thou. (Orchidaceae) from Darjeeling and Kalimpong Districts of West Bengal, India RAJENDRA YONZONE Taxonomy and Ethnobiology Research Laboratory, Cluny Women’s College, P.O. Kalimpong, District Kalimpong, West Bengal email: [email protected] ABSTRACT they occur throughout the country excepting the drier Present paper deals with threats assessment, current Deccan plateau, Punjab and part of Gujarat (Hedge, 1984). North East India constitutes an Orchid hotspot and show distributional record, field status and therapeutic uses of medicinally important Bulbophyllum Thou. (Orchidaceae) maximum diversity in the Eastern Himalaya (Vanlalruati et from Darjeeling and Kalimpong Districts of West Bengal, al. 2016). Of the total Orchid species found in India nearly India. 70% found in North East India (Gogoi and Yonzone, 2013). It is estimated that over 22,500 species with 779 genera are distributed throughout the world (Mabberly, 2008). There Key words Orchidaceae, Bulbophyllum, Threats are 1331 species belonging to 186 genera (Chowdhery, assessment, Current distributional record, 2009); 1300 species in 184 genera (Singh and Chauhan, Field status, Therapeutic uses, Darjeeling 1999); 1129 species in 184 genera (Karthikeyan, 2000) widely and Kalimpong Districts. distributed throughout India. Darjeeling and Kalimpong districts of West Bengal possesses good resources of Darjeeling and Kalimpong districts are the Orchid species. northernmost hilly districts of West Bengal and it is the The use of Orchids as medicine is restricted as their part of Eastern Himalaya with different physiographic therapeutic knowledge is confine chiefly to few folk healers features.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 History of Vitaceae Inferred from Morphology-Based
    HISTORY OF VITACEAE INFERRED FROM MORPHOLOGY-BASED PHYLOGENY AND THE FOSSIL RECORD OF SEEDS By IJU CHEN A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2009 1 © 2009 Iju Chen 2 To my parents and my sisters, 2-, 3-, 4-ju 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank Dr. Steven Manchester for providing the important fossil information, sharing the beautiful images of the fossils, and reviewing the dissertation. I thank Dr. Walter Judd for providing valuable discussion. I thank Dr. Hongshan Wang, Dr. Dario de Franceschi, Dr. Mary Dettmann, and Dr. Peta Hayes for access to the paleobotanical specimens in museum collections, Dr. Kent Perkins for arranging the herbarium loans, Dr. Suhua Shi for arranging the field trip in China, and Dr. Betsy R. Jackes for lending extant Australian vitaceous seeds and arranging the field trip in Australia. This research is partially supported by National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grants award number 0608342. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................4 LIST OF TABLES...........................................................................................................................9 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................11 ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................14
    [Show full text]
  • Riparian Flora of Thamiraparani River in Kanyakumari District, Tamilnadu, India J
    International Journal of Scientific Research and Modern Education (IJSRME) Impact Factor: 6.225, ISSN (Online): 2455 – 5630 (www.rdmodernresearch.com) Volume 2, Issue 1, 2017 RIPARIAN FLORA OF THAMIRAPARANI RIVER IN KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT, TAMILNADU, INDIA J. S. Angel Felix*, Z. Miller Paul*, S. Jeeva** & S. Sukumaran* * Department of Botany and Research Centre, Nesamony Memorial Christian College, Marthandam, Kanyakumari District, Tamilnadu, India. ** Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Research Centre in Botany, Nagercoil, Tamilnadu Cite This Article: J. S. Angel Felix, Z. Miller Paul, S. Jeeva & S. Sukumaran, “Riparian Flora of Thamiraparani River in Kanyakumari District, Tamilnadu, India”, International Journal of Scientific Research and Modern Education, Volume 2, Issue 1, Page Number 72-90, 2017. Copy Right: © IJSRME, 2017 (All Rights Reserved). This is an Open Access Article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract: Riparian flora is an expressed survey to analyze marginal vegetation of river zones. The present study was conducted in Thamiraparani river of Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India. Result of the current study showed a total of, 720 species of angiosperms belonging to 449 genera under 126 families of these 76.5% were dicots and 23.5% of monocots were recorded.Habitually 30.4% herbs , 26.7% trees, 15.7% shrubs, 6.9% climbing shrubs, 5.2% perennial herbs, 3.3% annual herbs, 2 % twining herbs, 1.7% twining shrubs, 1.6% aquatic herbs, 1.3% climbing herbs, 0.6% rhizomatous herbs, 0.7% marshy herbs, 0.7% tunerous herbs, 0.6% lianas, 0.4% tuberous climbing herbs, 0.4% stragglinbg shrubs, 0.3% climbers, 0.3% climbing palms, 0.3% prostrate herbs, climbing shrub, creeping herb, epiphytic herb, parasitic shrub and parasitic twining herb were 0.1% .
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Conservation Perspectives for Epiphytic Orchids in the Central Himalayas, Nepal
    Adhikari et al.: Sustainable conservation perspectives for epiphytic orchids - 753 - SUSTAINABLE CONSERVATION PERSPECTIVES FOR EPIPHYTIC ORCHIDS IN THE CENTRAL HIMALAYAS, NEPAL ADHIKARI, Y. P.1* ‒ FISCHER, A.1 ‒ PAULEIT, S.2 1Geobotany, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Center for Food and Life SciencesWeihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany (phone: +49-8161-71-5855; fax: +49-8161-71-4738) 2Strategic Landscape Planning and Management, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Center for Food and Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Str. 6, D-85354 Freising Germany *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] (Received 19th Nov 2014; accepted 23rd Dec 2014) Abstract. Anthropogenic disturbances are major drivers of biodiversity loss. This is especially true for subtropical and tropical forest ecosystems. Epiphytes are plants that grow upon another plant (often trees) and, thus, fundamentally depend on their hosts. Epiphytic plants are diverse and can create important microcosms for many other organisms, including micro-organisms, insects, birds and mammals, which are rarely encountered on the floor. We identified the main habitat requirements for the conservation of epiphytic orchids and we outline key areas to focus on when designing management strategies for their protection and sustainable utilization. This approach is based on a review of the literature, as well as our own research on habitat requirements and the distribution of epiphytic orchids along a gradient from natural habitats to single trees in urban areas in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Key areas to focus on for the sustainable conservation and utilization of epiphytic orchids are (i) habitat protection, (ii) habitat restoration, and (iii) the socio-economic relevance (utilization to fundraising) of conservation.
    [Show full text]
  • Vol: Ii (1938) of “Flora of Assam”
    Plant Archives Vol. 14 No. 1, 2014 pp. 87-96 ISSN 0972-5210 AN UPDATED ACCOUNT OF THE NAME CHANGES OF THE DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANT SPECIES INCLUDED IN THE VOL: I (1934- 36) & VOL: II (1938) OF “FLORA OF ASSAM” Rajib Lochan Borah Department of Botany, D.H.S.K. College, Dibrugarh - 786 001 (Assam), India. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Changes in botanical names of flowering plants are an issue which comes up from time to time. While there are valid scientific reasons for such changes, it also creates some difficulties to the floristic workers in the preparation of a new flora. Further, all the important monumental floras of the world have most of the plants included in their old names, which are now regarded as synonyms. In north east India, “Flora of Assam” is an important flora as it includes result of pioneering floristic work on Angiosperms & Gymnosperms in the region. But, in the study of this flora, the same problems of name changes appear before the new researchers. Therefore, an attempt is made here to prepare an updated account of the new names against their old counterpts of the plants included in the first two volumes of the flora, on the basis of recent standard taxonomic literatures. In this, the unresolved & controversial names are not touched & only the confirmed ones are taken into account. In the process new names of 470 (four hundred & seventy) dicotyledonous plant species included in the concerned flora are found out. Key words : Name changes, Flora of Assam, Dicotyledonus plants, floristic works.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Priorities and Future Directions in Conservation of Wild Orchids in Sri Lanka: a Review
    Nature Conservation Research. Заповедная наука 2020. 5(Suppl.1): 34–45 https://dx.doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2020.029 RESEARCH PRIORITIES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CONSERVATION OF WILD ORCHIDS IN SRI LANKA: A REVIEW J. Dananjaya Kottawa-Arachchi1,*, R. Samantha Gunasekara2 1Tea Research Institute of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka 2Lanka Nature Conservationists, Sri Lanka *e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Received: 24.03.2020. Revised: 22.05.2020. Accepted: 29.05.2020. Together with Western Ghats, Sri Lanka is a biodiversity hotspot amongst the 35 regions known worldwide. Considering the Sri Lankan orchids, 70.6% of the orchid species, including 84% of the endemics, are categorised as threatened. The distribution of the family Orchidaceae is mostly correlated with the distribution pattern of the main bioclimatic zones which is governed by the amount and intensity of rainfall and altitude. Habitat deterioration and degradation, clearing of vegetation, intentional forest fires and spread of invasive alien species are significant threats to native species. Illegally collection and exporting of indigenous species has been another alarming issue in the past decades. Protection of native species, increased public awareness, enforcement of legislation and introduction of new propagation techniques would certainly bring a beneficial effect to the native orchid flora. Conduct awareness programs, strengthen existing laws, and reviewing the legal framework related to the native orchid flora could be vital for future conservation. Apart from the identification of new species and their distribution, future research on understanding soil chemical and physical parameters of terrestrial habitats, plant association of terrestrial orchids, phenology patterns and interactions of pollinators, associations with mycorrhiza, effect of invasive alien species and impact of climate change are highlighted.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Distribution of Vascular Epiphytic Flora in Sub-Temperate Forests of Darjeeling Himalaya, India
    Annual Research & Review in Biology 35(5): 63-81, 2020; Article no.ARRB.57913 ISSN: 2347-565X, NLM ID: 101632869 Diversity and Distribution of Vascular Epiphytic Flora in Sub-temperate Forests of Darjeeling Himalaya, India Preshina Rai1 and Saurav Moktan1* 1Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, B.C. Road, Kolkata, 700 019, West Bengal, India. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Author PR conducted field study, collected data and prepared initial draft including literature searches. Author SM provided taxonomic expertise with identification and data analysis. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/ARRB/2020/v35i530226 Editor(s): (1) Dr. Rishee K. Kalaria, Navsari Agricultural University, India. Reviewers: (1) Sameh Cherif, University of Carthage, Tunisia. (2) Ricardo Moreno-González, University of Göttingen, Germany. (3) Nelson Túlio Lage Pena, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sdiarticle4.com/review-history/57913 Received 06 April 2020 Accepted 11 June 2020 Original Research Article Published 22 June 2020 ABSTRACT Aims: This communication deals with the diversity and distribution including host species distribution of vascular epiphytes also reflecting its phenological observations. Study Design: Random field survey was carried out in the study site to identify and record the taxa. Host species was identified and vascular epiphytes were noted. Study Site and Duration: The study was conducted in the sub-temperate forests of Darjeeling Himalaya which is a part of the eastern Himalaya hotspot. The zone extends between 1200 to 1850 m amsl representing the amalgamation of both sub-tropical and temperate vegetation.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Orchid Species of Odisha State, India. with Note on the Medicinal and Economic Uses
    Diversity of orchid species of Odisha state, India. With note on the medicinal and economic uses Sanjeet Kumar1*, Sweta Mishra1 & Arun Kumar Mishra2 ________________________________ 1Biodiversity and Conservation Lab., Ambika Prasad Research Foundation, India 2Divisional Forest Office, Rairangpur, Odisha, India * author for correspondence: [email protected] ________________________________ Abstract The state of Odisha is home to a great floral and faunistic wealth with diverse landscapes. It enjoys almost all types of vegetations. Among its floral wealth, the diversity of orchids plays an important role. They are known for their beautiful flowers having ecological values. An extensive survey in the field done from 2009 to 2020 in different areas of the state, supported by information found in the literature and by the material kept in the collections of local herbariums, allows us to propose, in this article, a list of 160 species belonging to 50 different genera. Furthermore, endemism, conservation aspects, medicinal and economic values of some of them are discussed. Résumé L'État d'Odisha abrite une grande richesse florale et faunistique avec des paysages variés. Il bénéficie de presque tous les types de végétations. Parmi ses richesses florales, la diversité des orchidées joue un rôle important. Ces dernières sont connues pour leurs belles fleurs ayant une valeurs écologiques. Une étude approfondie réalisée sur le terrain de 2009 à 2020 Manuscrit reçu le 04/09/2020 Article mis en ligne le 21/02/2021 – pp. 1-26 dans différentes zones de l'état, appuyée par des informations trouvées dans la littérature et par le matériel conservé dans les collections d'herbiers locaux, nous permettent de proposer, dans cet article, une liste de 160 espèces appartenant à 50 genres distincts.
    [Show full text]