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A CHECKLIST OF FAUNA AND FLORA IN AND AROUND

CHITWAN NATIONAL PARK AND

NATIONAL TRUST FOR NATURE CONSERVATION BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION CENTER Advisor: Naresh Subedi, Ph.D. Narayan Rupakheti Ram Kumar Aryal Research and compilation team: Gopal Bahadur Ghimire Rishi Ranabhat Baburam Lamichhane, Ph.D. Anil Parsai Birendra Gautam Santosh Bhattarai Dr. Aashish Gurung Saneer Lamichhane Dr. Amir Sadaula Pramod Raj Regmi Rishi Ram Subedi & Binod Shrestha Contributors Kiran Rijal, Susmita Shimkhada, Arati Shrestha, Bishnu Bahadur Lama, Harkman Lama, Kapil Pokheral, Bal Bahadur Lama, Tikaram Giri, Tek Bahadur Gurung, Tirtha Lama, Tikaram Tharu, Binod Darai, Deep Chudharay, Omprakash Chaudhary, Ramesh Darai, Basu Bidari and Rajendra Dhami

© NTNC-BCC

PUBLISHED BY:

National Trust for Nature Conservation (NTNC) Biodiversity Conservation Center (BCC) and Chitwan National Park (CNP)

SUGGESTED CITATION: NTNC-BCC and CNP (2020). A Checklist of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park. Biodiversity Conservation Center, Natioanl Trust for Nature Conservation and Chitwan National Park, Chitwan First Published: 2020 ISBN : 978-9937-0-7365-3 Front cover photo: NTNC/BCC

Back cover photo: NTNC/BCC Design & Layout by: Madan Sencury FOREWORD

Biodiversity conservation has been given much emphasis in the context of which can be seen by conservation commitment of Government of Nepal where 23.39% of the country’s land area being officially protected as National Parks, Wildlife Reserves, Conservation Areas, Hunting Reserve and Buffer Zones. Establishment of Chitwan National Park with an area of 952.63 sq. km and buffer zone having 729.37 sq. km in 1973 A.D after recognizing its unique ecosystems of international significance acts as a milestone in biodiversity conservation in Nepal. The core park region and buffer zone lies in Chitwan, Makwanpur, Parsa and Nawalpur district in subtropical lowlands of inner . This World Heritage site is linked with Parsa National Park in the east, Valmiki Tiger Reserve () in the south and in the north in the Narayani- Rapti river system & west Nawalpur forms a natural boundary to human settlements. CNP was initially established for rhino conservation through rhino patrolling. The present field checklist shows that it is equally important for other of flora and fauna. A total 75 , 643 , 56 herpetofauna, 121 species of , 206 species of , 422 species of major including trees, and medicinal herbs. Yet there remains many more species of flora and fauna to be found in and around CNP. The Chitwan National Park expects to keep on updating status of flora and fauna periodically and will serve as the authentic list for the information of flora and fauna found in and around CNP.

Narayan Rupakheti Cheif Conservation Officer Chitwan National Park ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This book is outcome of contribution of several individuals and organizations. I would like to take this opportunity to thank Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, National Trust for Nature Conservation and Chitwan National Park (CNP) for their kind support in bringing out this Fauna and Flora checklist of Chitwan National Park. On behalf of Biodiversity Conservation Center Office, I would like to thank Mr. Narayan Rupakheti, Chief Warden (CNP), Mr. Bed Khadka Assistant Conservation Officer (CNP) for their valuable suggestions and guidance from initial phase to publishing period. I am equally grateful to Mr. Yajna Nath Dahal (Member Secretary- NTNC), Dr. Siddhartha Bajra Bajracharya (Executive Director Program), Mr. Deepak Kumar Singh (Executive Director Admin and Finance), Mrs. Sarita Jnawali (Director) and Dr. Naresh Subedi (Program Conservation Manager – NTNC) for providing their guidance. I am very much grateful to all the staffs of Biodiversity Conservation Center. Finally I would like to thank all the researchers and compilation team for their determined effort in bringing this authoritative Fauna and Flora Checklist of Chitwan National Park. Thank you

Ram Kumar Aryal Office Incharge PREFACE

This Checklist of major flora and fauna in and around Chitwan National Park is an outcome of diligent efforts of researchers, conservationists and all wildlife enthusiasts. This list is compiled from various sources and contributors. Checklist tries to compile the information on the species records obtained since the establishment of the park 1973 and Tiger Ecology Project; incorporating the findings from various research regarding flora and fauna. Knowledge gathering is a never ending process and the present list may not completely include all the flora and fauna present in CNP. There is no doubt that Chitwan is very rich in biodiversity but research work still needs to be carried out for to gather updated information.

A total 75 species of mammals representing 24 families, 643 species of birds representing 90 family, 56 species of herpetofauna representing 19 family, 121 species of fish representing 26 family, 206 species of butterflies representing 7 family and 422 species plants representing 91 family are presented in the checklist.

We hope this list will be beneficial for conservationist, park authorities and policy makers and to raise awareness regarding biodiversity conservation in and around CNP. A CHECKLIST OF FAUNA AND FLORA IN AND AROUND CHITWAN NATIONAL PARK CHITWAN NATIONAL PARK AT A GLANCE

CHITWAN NATIONAL PARK AND its BUFFER ZONE AT A GLANCE Location: Southern part of Inner Terai of Central Nepal National Park Designation Year: 2030-06-04 B.S. (1973 AD) World Heritage Site Declaration: 1984 AD (UNESCO) IUCN Category: II National Park Area: 952.63 Km2 Buffer Zone Gazetted Year: 1996 AD (2053 BS) Buffer Zone Area: 729.39 Km2 Buffer Zone Districts: 4 (Chitwan, Parsa, Makawanpur and Nawalpur) Buffer Zone,Rural Municipalities/ Municipalities: 12 (Rural Municipalities–3, Municipalities–8, Metro Municipalities-1) Buffer Zone User Groups: 1,781 (Female-856, Male-852, Mixed-73 ) Buffer Zone User Committees: 21 Buffer Zone Households: 59,707 Buffer Zone Population: 2,73,977 (Male-1,22,885, Female-1,42,624) Ramsar Enlisted Site: Beeshazari and associated lakes (in Buffer Zone) 13 Aug. 2003 Major Rivers: Narayani, Rapti and Reu Bioclimatic Zone: Tropical and Sub tropical Bio-Geographic Realm: Indo-Malayan Climate: Tropical with High Humidity Temperature: Maximum 370 C, Minimum 80 C Average Annual Rainfall: 2,600 mm Elevation Range: 150 m to 815 m above mean sea level Main Mammals: Greater One-horned Rhinoceros, Royal Tiger, Asian Elephant, Gangetic Dolphin, Gaur, Sloth Bear, Swamp Deer and Wild Water Buffalo Main Birds: Bengal Florican, Lesser Florican, Giant Hornbill Main : Burmese Python, Gharial Crocodile, Golden Monitor Lizard Annual Number of Visitors: 1, 70,112 in FY 2011/12 Annual Revenue: NPR 9, 98,96,148 (US $10,51,538) in FY 2011/12 CONTENT

FOREWORD ACRONYMS Background

Mammals found in and around Chitwan National Park 1

Birds found in and around Chitwan National Park 6

Herptofauna found in and around Chitwan National Park 29

Fishes found in and around Chitwan National Park 32

Butterflies found in and around Chitwan National Park 37

Major floras found in and around Chitwan National Park 45 MAMMALS FOUND IN AND AROUND CHITWAN NATIONAL PARK

Key to the codes:

LC Least concern VU Vulnerable EN Endangered CR Critically Endangered DD Data Deficient P Protected I Appendix I II Appendix II III Appendix III

A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 1 Conservation Status Order/Family/ Common S.N Nepali Name Scientific Name NPWC Name Act IUCN CITES 1973 Order: Pholidota, Family:Manidae 1 Chinese Pangolin sfnf] ;fns Manis pentadactyla P CR I 2 Indian Pangolin tfd] ;fns Manis crassicaudata P EN I Order:Carnivora, Family: Felidae 3 Jungle Cat jg la/fnf] Felis chaus LC II Prionailurus 4 Leopard Cat r/L af3 P LC II bengalensis 5 Common Leopard lrt'jf Panthera pardus VU I 6 Clouded Leopard WjfF;] lrt'jf Neofelis nebulosa P VU I 7 af3 Panthera tigris P EN I Pardofelis 8 Marbled Cat 5/la/] la/fnf] NT I marmorata 9 dnfxf la/fnf] Prionailurus viverrinus VU II Order: Carnivora,Family: Canidae 10 Red Dog/Dhole jg s's'/ Cuon alpinus EN II 11 Bengal Fox km';|] km\ofp/f] Vulpes bengalensis LC III 12 Golden Jackal :ofn Canis aureus LC III Order: Artiodactyla, Family: Suidae 13 Wild boar aFb]n Sus scrofa LC 14 Pygmy hog k'8\s] aFb]n Porcula salvania P EN I Order: Carnivora, Family: Mustelidae 15 Asian Small-clawed Otter ;fgf] cf]t Aonyx cinerea VU I Lutrogale 16 Smooth Coated Otter v}/f] cf]t VU I perspicillata 17 Honey Badger /t]n Mellivora capensis LC III 18 Yellow-throated Marten dn;fFk|f] Martes flavigula LC III Order: Carnivora, Family: Viverridae 19 Large Indian Civet 7"nf] gL/la/fnf] Viverra zibetha LC III 20 Small Indian Civet ;fgf] gL/la/fnf]] Viverricula indica LC III 21 Masked Palm Civet ufhn] gL/la/fnf]] Paguma larvata LC III 22 Spotted Lingsang l;n' la/fnf] Prionodon pardicolor P LC I Paradoxurus 23 Common Palm Civet tf8L gL/la/fnf] LC III hermaphrodites Order: Carnivora, Family: Herpestidae 24 Indian Grey Mongoose 7"nf] Gofp/Ld';f] Herpestes edwardsii LC III 25 Small Asian Mongoose ;fgf] Gofp/Ld';f] Herpestes javanicus LC III

2 A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 26 Crab-eating Mongoose uu6] Gofp/Ld';f] Herpestes urva LC III Order: Carnivora, Family: Hyaenidae 27 Striped Hyaena x'F8f/ Hyaena hyaena P NT III Order: Carnivora, Family: Ursidae 28 Sloth Bear sf7] efn' Melursus ursinus VU I Order: Lagomorpha, Family:Leporidae 29 Hispid Hare n3's0f{ v/fof] Caprolagus hispidus P EN I Indian Hare (Rufous 30 v}/f] v/fof] Lepus nigricollis LC I Tailed) Order: Proboscidea, Family: Elephantidae 31 Asiatic Elephant xfQL Elephas maximus P EN I Order: Perissodactyla, Family: Rhinocerotidae Greater One-horned 32 Psl;Ë] u}+8f Rhinoceros unicornis P VU I Rhinoceros Order: Cetacea, Family: Platanistidae 33 River Dolphin ;f]+; Platanista gangetica P EN I Order: Artiodactyla, Family: Bovidae Tetracerus 34 Four-horned Antelope rf}sf P VU III quadricornis 35 Gaur uf}/L ufO{ Bos gaurus P VU I Boselaphus 36 Blue Bull gLnufO{ LC III tragocamelus 37 Wild Water Buffalo cgf{ Bubalus arnee P EN III Order: Artiodactyla,Family: Cervidae 38 Swamp Deer afx|fl;·f Cervus duvaucelii P VU I 39 Sambar Deer h/fof] Rusa unicolor VU 40 Spotted Deer lrQn Axis axis LC 41 Barking Deer /t'jf Muntiacus muntjak LC 42 Hog Deer nu'gf Axis porcinus EN III Order: Primates, Family: Cercopithecidae 43 Macacue kx/] afFb/ Macaca assamensis P NT II Semnopithecus 44 Teari t/fO{ nª\u'/ NT I hector 45 Rhesus Monkey /ftf] afFb/ Macaca mulatta LC II Order: Chiroptera, Family: Pteropodidae Greater Short-nosed 46 g]K6] rd]/f] Cynopterus sphinx LC Bat 47 Indian Flying Fox /fhrd]/f]÷ab'/f Pteropus giganteus LC II Fulvous Fruit Bat/ Rousettus 48 ;fgf] ab'/f LC Leschenault's Rousette leschenaulti

A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 3 Order: Chiroptera,Family: Megadermatidae gSsnL af]S;L 49 Greater False Vampire rd]/f] Megaderma lyra LC Order: Chiroptera,Family: Rhinolophidae Greater Woolly Horseshoe dvdnL 3f]Ogfn] 50 Rhinolophus luctus LC Bat rd]/f] Order: Chiroptera,Family: Vespertilionidae 51 Painted Bat /ËLrËL rd]/f] Kerivoula picta LC Pipistrellus 52 Indian pipistrelle a'Rr] rd]/f] LC coromandra 7"nf] Pl;ofnL 53 Greater Asiatic Yellow Bat kLt rd]/f] Scotophilus heathi LC ;fgf] Pl;ofnL 54 Lesser Asiatic Yellow Bat kLt rd]/f] Scotophilus kuhli LC Round-eared Tube-nosed uf]nsfg] gnLgfs] 55 Murina cyclotis LC Bat rd]/f] Order: Rodentia, Family:Sciuridae Callosciurus 56 Hoary-bellied Squirrel kxf8L jg nf]vs]{ LC pygerythrus Funambulus 57 Five-striped Palm Squirrel kfFrws]{ nf]vs]{ LC pennantii /ftf] /fhkª\vL 58 Red Giant Flying Squirrel nf]vs]{ Petaurista petaurista LC Particolored Flying dfn] /fhkª\vL 59 Hylopetes alboniger LC Squirrel nf]vs]{ Order: Rodentia, Family: 60 Lesser ;fgf] 9'Ë]d';f] LC bengalensis 61 7"nf] 9'Ë]d';f] Bandicota indica LC 62 Lesser Rat ;fgf] tfd] afF;d';f] Cannomys badius LC 63 Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat 7"6] 9f8]d';f] indica LC Asiatic Long-tailed 64 Vandeleuria oleracea LC Climbing Mouse /Antelope 65 pk|mg] d';f] Tatera indica LC Rat 66 Eastern House Mouse 8'x'/] 3/ d';f] Mus musculus LC 67 Brown Spiny Mouse 9'Ë] d';f] Mus saxicola LC 68 Earth-Colored Mouse jg d';f] Mus terricolor LC 69 Indian Bush Rat emf8L d';f] Golunda ellioti LC Roof Rat/ House Rat/ 70 3/ d';f] rattus LC Order: Rodentia, Family: Hystricidae

4 A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 71 Indian Crested Porcupine h'/] b'D;L Hystrix indica LC Order: Eulipotyphla, Family: Soricidae 72 Eurasian Pygmy Shrew k'8\s] 5'r'Gb|f] Sorex minutus LC Pygmy White-toothed ;]tf]bfFt] k'8\s] 73 Suncus etruscus LC Shrew 5'r'Gb|f] 74 Asian House Shrew 3/ 5'r'Gb|f] Suncus murinus LC 75 Anderson's Shrew PG8;{gsf] 5'r'Gb|f] Suncus stoliczkanus LC

REFERENCES:

1. DNPWC and DFSC. (2018). Status of Tigers and Prey in Nepal. Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation & Department of Forests and Soil Conservation. Ministry of Forests and Environment, Kathmandu, Nepal. 2. Admin,R., H.S. Baral, B.R. Lamichhane, L.P. Poudyal, S.Lee, S.R. Jnawali, K.P Archyra, G.P. Upadhyaya, M.M. Pandey, R.Shrestha, D.Joshi, J.Griffiths, A.P., Khatiwada & N. Subedi (2018). The Status of Nepal’s mammals. Journal of Threatened Taxa 10(3): 11361- 11378;http://doi.org/10.116091/JOH.3712.103.11361-11378. 3. IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. Downloaded on 20 March 2014. (by Amir Maharjan)

4. Thapa, S. (2014). A checkedlist of mammals of Nepal. Journal of Threatened Taxa 6(8): 6061-6072; http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/ JoTT.03511.6061-72. 5. Jnawali, S.R., Baral, H.S., Lee, S., Acharya, K.P., Upadhyay, G.P., Pandey, M., Shrestha, R., Joshi, D., Laminchhane, B.R., Griffiths, J., Khatiwada, A. P., Subedi, N., and Amin, R. (compilers) (2011) The Status of Nepal Mammals: The National Red List Series, Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Kathmandu, Nepal. 6. Baral, H.S. and Shah, K.B.2008. Wild Mammals of Nepal. Himalayan Nature, Kathmandu

A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 5 BIRDS FOUND IN AND AROUND CHITWAN NATIONAL PARK

KEY TO THE CODES:

R Resident S Summer Migrant W Winter Migrant M Passage migrant V Vagrant 1 Common 2 Fairly Common 3 Uncommon 4 Rare 5 Very Rare LC Least concern VU Vulnerable EN Endangered CR Critically Endangered DD Data Deficient P Protected I Appendix I II Appendix II III Appendix III

6 A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park ORDER: Family: S.N. Common Name Scientific Name Nepali Name Status 1 Black francolinus ltqf r2, LC 2 Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus do"/ r1, LC, III 3 Kalij Pheasant Lophura leucomelanos sflnh r2,LC, III 4 Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus n"O{r] r2, ,LC, 5 Rufous-throated Arborophila nfns07] lkp/f r4,LC, 6 Swamp Francolin Francolinus gularis l;d ltqf r,VU 7 Hill Partridqe Arborophila toraueola lkp/f LC (r1) ORDER: ANSERIFORMES Family: Anatidae 8 Tundra Swan Cygnus columbianus /fh xfF; v 9 Bean Goose Anser fabalis kx]Fnf] 7"F8] snxfF; v 10 Greylag Goose Anser anser snxfF; w2,LC 11 Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula :j0f{gog xfF; w4, LC 12 Smew Mergellus albellus b]jb"t dl0ft'08s LC Goosander/Common 13 Mergus merganser dl0ft'08s w1 Merganser 14 Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea rv]jfrv]jL w1 15 Common Shelduck Tadorna tadorna nfn7"F8] rv]jf w4 16 Comb Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos gs6f r5 Nettapus 17 Cotton Pygmy-goose xl/xfF; rs coromandelianus 18 Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina ;'gh/] xfF; wm 19 Common Pochard Aythya ferina s}nf]6fps] xfF; mw 20 Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca dfns xfF; mw 21 Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula sfhLh'/] xfF; wm 22 Greater Scaup Aythya marila sfnf]6fps] xfF; v 23 Garganey Spatula querquedula Zj]tfvfef}+ m 24 Northern Shoveler Spatula clypeata a]Nrf7"F8] xfF; mw 25 Falcated Duck Mareca falcata km's]{ xfF; w5 26 Mandarin Duck Aix galericulata d08fl/g xfF; v 27 Gadwall Mareca strepera v8v8] xfF; w2 28 Eurasian Wigeon Mareca Penelope l;Gb"/] xfF; wm 29 Lesser Whistling duck Dendrocygna javanica l;nl;n] xfF; r 30 Indian Spot-billed Duck Anas poecilorhyncha gfb'g xfF; rw 31 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos xl/of] 6fps] mw 32 Northern Pintail Anas acuta ;'O/f] k'R5|] W2 33 White-fronted goose Anser albifrons Zj]tdfof xfF;

A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 7 34 Common Teal Anas crecca lah'nL u}/L w1 ORDER: PODICIPEDIFORMES Family: Podicipedidae 35 Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis 8'a'NsL r/f r2 36 Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus l;p/] 8'a'NsL r/f w1 sfnLs07 8'a'NsL 37 Black-necked Grebe Podiceps nigricollis r/f w1 ORDER: PHOENICOPTERIFORMES Family: Phoenicopteridae 38 Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus eb|k+IfL v ORDER: COLUMBIFORMES Family: Columbidae 39 Rock Pigeon Columba livia dn]jf r 40 Common Wood Pigeon Columba palumbus 7"nf] jgk/]jf w3 41 Speckled Woodpigeon Columba hodgsonii l5/la/] jgk/]jf r1 43 Oriental Turtle-Dove Streptopelia orientalis tfd] 9's'/ r1 44 Eurasian Collared-Dove Streptopelia decaocto s07] 9's'/ r2 Streptopelia 45 Red Collared Dove ;fgf]tfd] 9's'/ r2 tranquebarica 46 Western Spotted Dove Spilopelia suratensis s'n]{ 9's'/ r2 47 Laughing Dove Spilopelia senegalensis w';/ 9's'/ r4 48 Barred -Dove Macropygia unchall ws]{ 9's'/ r Grey-capped Emerald 49 Chalcophaps indica xl/n 9's'/÷;'g 9's'/ r1 Dove Orange-breasted Green- 50 Treron bicinctus ;'Gtn]5ftL 9's'/ r pigeon Ashy-headed Green- 51 Treron phayrei km';|f] 6fps] xn];f] r2 pigeon 52 Ashy-wood Pigeon Columba pulchricollsi km';|f] jgk/]jf 53 Thick-billed Green-Pigeon Treron curvirostra df]6f]7"F8] xn];f] r4 Yellow-footed Green- 54 Treron phoenicopterus xn];f] r1 Pigeon 55 Pin-tailed Green-pigeon Treron apicauda ;'O/f]k'R5|] xn];f] r Wedge-tailed Green- 56 Treron sphenurus kxf8L xn];f] r2 Pigeon 57 Mountain Imperial-Pigeon Ducula badia /fhskf]t r5 ORDER: CAPRIMULGIFORMES Family: Caprimulgidae 58 Grey Nightjar Caprimulgus jotaka km';|] r}t]r/f r2 59 Large-tailed Nightjar Caprimulgus macrurus nfdk'R5|] r}t]r/f r2 60 Indian Nightjar Caprimulgus asiaticus r'Sr's] r5 61 Savanna Nightjar Caprimulgus affinis r'OofF r}t]r/f r2

8 A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park ORDER: PASSERIFORMES Family: Hirundinidae 62 Eurasian crag Martin Hirundo rupestris gxLs'6L uf}+ynL r1 63 Crested Tree Swift Hemiprocne coronata h'/] uf}+ynL r1 Family: Apodidae 64 White-rumped Spinetail Zoonavena sylvatica ;fgf] jg uf}+ynL r Hirundapus 65 White-throated Needletail ;]tf] s07] uf}+ynL s2 caudacutus Hirundapus 66 Silver-backed Needletail rfFbL9f8] uf}ynL s4 cochinchinensis Aerodramus 67 Himalayan Swiftlet lr+lrsf uf}+ynL r2 brevirostris 68 Asian Palm-Swift Cypsiurus balasiensis yfsn uf}+ynL r3 69 Alpine Swift Tachymarptis melba atf;L uf}+ynL r2 70 Pacific Swift Apus pacificus k'R5/sfk] uf}+ynL s 71 House Swift Apus nipalensis lkm/lkm/] 3/uf}+ynL r1 Family: Emberizidae 72 Grey necked Bunting Emberiza buchanani km';|]s07] au]8L LC Family: Fringillidae 73 Scarlet Finch Carpodacus Sipahi l;kfxL ltt' LC ORDER: CUCULIFORMES Family: Cuculidae 74 Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis 9f]8] uf]s'n r1 75 Lesser Coucal Centropus bengalensis ;fgf] uf]s'n r2 76 Sirkeer Malkoha Taccocua leschenaultia Gofp/L dfnsf}jf r3 77 Green-billed Malkoha Phaenicophaeus tristis xl/t dfnsf}jf r2 78 Jacobin Cuckoo Clamator jacobinus h'/] sf]OnL s3 79 Chestnut-winged Cuckoo Clamator coromandus 7"nf]h'/] sf]OnL s Eudynamys 80 Asian Koel sf]OnL r1 scolopaceus Chrysococcyx 81 Asian Emerald Cuckoo x/tL sf]OnL s4 maculatus 82 Banded Bay Cuckoo Cacomantis sonneratii ws]{ v}/f]sf]OnL r3 83 Grey-bellied Cuckoo Cacomantis passerinus k'm;|f] ;fgf]sf]OnL s Hierococcyx kxf8L jLp s'lxof] 84 Large Hawk-Cuckoo s2 sparverioides -e}/j r/f_ 85 Common Hawk-Cuckoo Hierococcyx varius n]sfnL jLp s'lxof] r1 86 Indian Cuckoo micropterus sfkmn kfSof] s1 87 Cuculus canorus s'Ss sf]OnL s1 88 Lesser Cuckoo Cuculus poliocephalus ;fgf] sf]OnL s2 89 Himalayan Cuckoo Cuculus saturatus k"jL{o sf]OnL s2 90 Plaintive Cuckoo Cacomantis merulinus k]6s}n] sf]OnL w5

A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 9 ORDER: GRUIFORMES Family: Rallidae 91 Slaty-breasted Rail Lewinia striata 7"nf] s:b/L v 92 Ruddy-breasted Crake Zapornia fusca 3f]n s:b/L r2 93 Brown Crake Zapornia akool WjfF;] l;ds'v'/f r2 94 Baillon's Crake Zapornia pusilla lemnL w4,VU 95 Slaty-legged Crake Rallina eurizonoides b]psf}jf s4,EN Amaurornis 96 White-breasted Waterhen l;ds'v'/f r2 phoenicurus 97 Watercock Gallicrex cinerea hns'v'/f s1 98 Western Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio s'df{ w1 99 Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus aufn] l;ds'v'/f w1 100 Eurasian Coot/ Comman Coot Fulica atra d?n w1 101 Eastern Water Rail Rallus indicus k"jL{o s'nfjf/L÷sFnfj/ Family: Gruidae

102 Sarus Crane Antigone antigone ;f/; r3, II, CR,

103 Demoiselle Crane Anthropoides virgo sof{ªs'?· ;f/; m2,II, VU 104 Common Crane Grus grus nId0f ;f/; w3,II ORDER: OTIDIFORMES Family: Otididae Houbaropsis 105 Bengal Florican v/dh'/ r4,CR, I, bengalensis

106 Lesser Florican Sypheotides indicus ;fgf] v/dh'/ s5,EN, II

Family: Ciconiidae 107 Greater Adjutant Leptoptilos dubius /fhu?8 r4,EN 108 Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus e'F8Lkmf]/ u?8 r1, VU 109 Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala nfn6fps] u?8 r5,EN 110 Asian Openbill Anastomus oscitans 3'FuLkmf]/ u?8 r1,VU wm,II, 111 Black Stork Ciconia nigra sfnf] u?8 VU 112 Asian Woollyneck Ciconia episcopus nf]eLkfkL u?8 r2,VU 113 White Stork Ciconia ciconia ;]tf] u?8 m5 Ephippiorhynchus 114 Black-necked Stork s[i0fs07 u?8 r5,CR asiaticus Family: Threskiornithidae 115 Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia rDrf7"F8] ;fFj/L w5,II, CR Threskiornis 116 Black-headed Ibis ;]tf] ;fFj/L r1 melanocephalus 117 Red-naped Ibis Pseudibis papillosa s/f{ ;fFj/L r2 118 Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus ;fgf] ;fFj/L v

10 A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park ORDER: PELECANIFORMES Family: Ardeidae 119 Eurasian Bittern Botaurus stellaris h"gas'Nnf m5,EN 120 Yellow Bittern Ixobrychus sinensis kx]Fnf] h'gjs'Nnf s3 Ixobrychus 121 Cinnamon Bittern /ftf] h'gas'Nnf s1 cinnamomeus 122 Black Bittern Ixobrychus flavicollis sfnf] h'gas'Nnf r4,EN 123 Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax afFs] as'Nnf s1 124 Indian Pond-Heron Ardeola grayii cf;sf]6] as'Nnf r1 125 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis j:t' as'Nnf r1 126 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea km';|f] as'Nnf r4 127 Purple Heron Ardea purpurea Wofgf] as'Nnf r2 128 Great White Egret Ardea alba 7"nf] ;]tf] as'Nnf r2 129 Intermediate Egret Ardea intermedia demf}nf ;]tf] as'Nnf r2 130 Little Egret Egretta garzetta ;fgf] ;]tf] as'Nnf r1 Family: Pelecanidae 131 Spot-billed Pelican Pelecanus philippensis 3fpFs] xfjf;Ln m4,CR 7"nf] 3fpFs] 132 Great White Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus xfjf;Ln v ORDER: SULIFORMES Family: Phalacrocoracidae 133 Little Cormorant Microcarbo niger ;fgf] hn]jf r1 134 Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo hn]jf w2 Family: Anhingidae 135 Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster ;'O/f]7'F8] r1 ORDER: CHARADRIIFORMES Family: Burhinidae 136 Indian Thick-Knee Burhinus indicus au/a§fO{ r1 137 Great Thick-Knee Esacus recurvirostris 7"nf] au/a§fO{ r4,CR Family: Haematopodidae Haematopus 138 Eurasian Oystercatcher l;kL r/f v ostralegus Family: Ibidorhynchidae Ibidorhyncha 139 Ibisbill ltnx/L r/f r3,EN struthersii Family: Recurvirostridae 140 Pied Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta xnLd'vL m4, Himantopus 141 Black-winged Stilt k|jfnkfb m4 himantopus Family: Charadriidae 142 Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola km';|] ;if{kL v 143 Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva k|zfGt ;if{kL m3

A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 11 144 Long-billed Plover Charadrius placidus nfd7"F8] /fhk'lqsf w5 145 Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius n3' /fhk'lqsf r1 cns rGb| 146 Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrins /fhk'lqsf w3 147 Lesser Sandplover Charadrius mongolus d·f]n /fhk'lqsf w4 148 Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus h'/] x'l66\ofp w3 149 River Lapwing Vanellus duvaucelii vf]n] x'l66\ofp r2 150 Yellow-wattled Lapwing Vanellus malabaricus bf]od x'l66\ofp r1,VU 151 Grey-headed Lapwing Vanellus cinereus /fh x'l66\ofp w3 152 Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus x'l66\ofp r1 Family: Rostratulidae Rostratula 153 Greater Painted-snipe lrqfª\Ub r3 benghalensis Family: Jacanidae Hydrophasianus 154 Pheasant-tailed Jacana hn cK;/f r3,VU chirurgus 155 Bronze-winged Jacana Metopidius indicus nfdfcf}+n] r2 Family: Scolopacidae 156 Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus ;fgf] cfF;L7"F8] v 157 Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata cfF;L7"F8] m4,CR 158 Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa dnu'emf m4 159 Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres ah/ HofdL v 160 Ruff Calidris pugnax /fh;'8\;'l8of m3 161 Temminck's Stint Calidris temminckii hn/+s w2 162 Sanderling Calidris alba Zj]t hn/+s v 163 Dunlin Calidris alpina 7"nf] hn/+s m3 164 Little Stint Calidris minuta sfnLv'6\6] hn/+s w3 165 Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola 7"nf] rfxf r2 166 Pintail Snipe Gallinago stenura ef/s rfxf w2 167 Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago kfgL rfxf w2 168 Jack Snipe Lymnocryptes minimus uf]e08L/ rfxf w3 169 Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos r~rn] ;'8\;'l8of w1 170 Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus ?v ;'8\;'l8of w1 171 Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus yf]Kn] l6dl6df m3 172 Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia l6dl6df w1 173 Common Redshank Tringa tetanus nfnv'§] l6dl6df w1 174 Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola jg ;'8;'l8of w3 175 Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis dl;gf] 7"F8] l6dl6df m3 Family: Turnicidae 176 Common Buttonquail Turnix sylvaticus ;fgf] u§]a§fO{ r4

12 A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 177 Yellow-legged Buttonquail Turnix tanki kxnf]v'§] u§] a§fO{ r4 178 Common Quail Coturnix coturnix a§fO{ w4 179 Blue-Breasted Quail Coturnix chinensis v/a§fO{ r4 180 Barred Buttonquail Turnix suscitator ws]{ u§]a§fO{ r1 Family: Glareolidae Cursorius 181 Indian Courser ufhn] wfjs r1,EN coromandelicus 182 Oriental Pratincole Glareola maldivarum 7"nf] kfgL uf}+ynL m4 183 Small Pratincole Glareola lacteal kfgL uf}+ynL r1 Family: Laridae m5,VU, 184 Indian Skimmer Rynchops albicollis emfFem/ lrpjf CR 185 Brown-headed Gull Larus brunnicephalus v}/f]6fps] u+ufrLn m4,VU 186 Black-headed Gull Larus ridibundus sfnf]6fps] u+ufrLn m4,VU 187 Pallas's Gull Larus ichthyaetus /fhf u+ufrLn w1 188 Caspian Gull Larus cachinnans kx]nf]v'§] u+ufrLn v 189 Heuglin's Gull Larus tuscus heuglini lxplUng u+ufrLn 190 Little Tern Sternula albifrons n3' ª\3ofnª\3ofn] s3 191 Caspian Tern Hydroprogne caspia s]s/f km\ofnkm\ofn] m4,CR 192 Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrid l7dfxf km\ofnkm\ofn] m3 ;]tf]k+v] 193 White-winged Tern Chlidonias leucopterus km\ofnkm\ofn] m4 194 River Tern Sterna aurantia s'/f/L km\ofnkm\ofn] m4 195 Common Tern Sterna hirundo jfo' km\ofnkm\ofn] m4 pTqmf]zL 196 Black-bellied Tern Sterna acuticauda km\ofnkm\ofn] m5 u+ufrLn 7"F8] 197 Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica km\ofnkm\ofn] m5 ORDER: STRIGIFORMES Family: Tytonidae 198 Eastern Grass- Tyto longimembris 3fF;] nf6f]sf];]/f] r5,II, CR 199 Common Barn-Owl Tyto alba uf]7] nf6f]sf];]/f] r1,II, VU Family: Strigidae 200 Collared Owlet Glaucidium brodiei ;fgf] 8'08'n r1,II 201 Asian Barred Owlet Glaucidium cuculoides 7"nf] 8'08'n r2,II 202 Jungle Owlet Glaucidium radiatum 8'08'n r1,II sf]rn ufF8] 203 Spotted Owlet brama nf6f]sf];]/f] r1,II 204 Collared Scops-Owl Otus lettia lrqL pn"s r2,II 205 Indian Scops-Owl Otus bakkamoena pn"s II 206 Mountain Scops-Owl Otus spilocephalus n]sfnL pn"s r1,II 207 Oriental Scops-Owl Otus sunia nf]vs]{ pn"s r2,II

A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 13 208 Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus n3's0f{ nf6f]sf];]/f] w4,II, VU 209 Brown Wood-Owl Strix leptogrammica rZd] pn"s r4,II, VU 210 Brown hawk Owl Ninox scutulata sfnk]rs r2 211 Eurasian Eagle-Owl Bubo bubo lxdfnL xflK;nf] r4,II 212 Rock Eagle-Owl Bubo bengalensis xflK;nf] r1,VU 213 Spot-bellied Eagle-Owl Bubo nipalensis dxfsf}zsL r1,II, EN 214 Dusky Eagle-Owl Bubo coromandus ef;f]ns" r5, 215 Brown Fish-Owl Ketupa zeylonensis dnfxf x'rLn r3,II, VU 216 Tawny Fish-Owl Ketupa flavipes s}nf] dnfxf x'rLn r5,II, CR ORDER: ACCIPITRIFORMES Family: Pandionidae 217 Osprey Pandion haliaetus dnfxf rLn w2,II Family: Accipitridae 218 Black-winged Kite Elanus caeruleus d';] rLn r2,II 219 Oriental Honey-buzzard Pernis ptilorhynchus dw'xf r2,II 220 Jerdon's Baza Aviceda jerdoni s}nf] h'/]afh r5,II, CR 221 Black Baza Aviceda leuphotes sfnf] h'/]afh s3,II 222 Crested Serpent-Eagle Spilornis cheela sfsfs'n r2,II 223 Short-toed -Eagle Circaetus gallicus ;k{xf/L rLn w3,II Neophron r2,EN, II, 224 Egyptian Vulture ;]tf] lu4 percnopterus VU r2,CR, II, 225 Red-headed Vulture Sarcogyps calvus ;'g lu4 EN 226 Himalayan Griffon Gyps himalayensis lxdfnL lu4 m1,II, VU r4,CR, II, 227 White-rumped Vulture Gyps bengalensis 8+u/ lu4 CR r3,CR, II, 228 Slender-billed Vulture Gyps tenuirostris ;fgf] v}/f] lu4 CR 229 Indian Vulture Gyps indicus nfdf] v}/f] lu4 v,CR, II 230 Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus v}/f] lu4 m1,II 231 Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus /fh lu4 w3,II, EN 232 Mountain Hawk-Eagle Nisaetus nipalensis kxf8L zbnrLn r1,II 233 Changeable Hawk-Eagle Nisaetus cirrhatus zbnrLn r1,II 234 Rufous-bellied Eagle Lophotriorchis kienerii ;]tf]s07] rLn m5,II, CR 235 Black Eagle Ictinaetus malaiensis b|f]0fs lu4 r2,II r4,VU, II, 236 Indian Spotted Eagle Clanga hastata n3' dxfrLn VU w4,VU, II, 237 Greater Spotted Eagle Clanga clanga hLjfxf/ dxfrLn VU 238 Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax /fu dxfrLn r5,II 239 Aquila nipalensis uf]dfo' dxfrLn w2,EN, II 240 Eastern Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca /0dQ dxfrLn w4,VU, I

14 A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 241 Bonelli's Eagle Aquila fasciata df]/+uL rLn r3,II 242 Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus sfFwrGb| rLn w3,II 243 Western Marsh-harrier Circus aeruginosus l;d e"O{rLn w3,II, VU 244 Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus rNnfrf]/ e"O{rLn w1,II, VU 245 Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus Zj]t e"O{rLn m4,II, VU cfAnfs k]6fxf 246 Pied Harrier Circus melanoleucos e"O{rLn w3,II, VU 247 Montagu's Harrier Circus pygargus df]G6fu' e"O{rLn m5,II, CR 248 Crested Goshawk Accipiter trivirgatus sNsL afh r3,II 249 Shikra Accipiter badius lzqmf r2,II 250 Besra Accipiter virgatus a];/f r3,II 251 Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus jgafh r2,II 252 Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis anfsf+If jgafh r1,II Haliaeetus 253 Pallas's Fish-Eagle af]S;L rLn w4,EN leucocephalus 254 White-tailed Sea-Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla s·d rLn w5,I, CR 255 Lesser Fish-Eagle Ichthyophaga humilis ;fgf] df5fs'n r5,II, CR Icthyophaga 256 Grey-headed Fish-Eagle df5fs'n r4,II, CR ichthyaetus 257 Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus ;]tf] 6fps] rLn r5,II, CR 258 Black Kite Milvus migrans sfnf] rLn r1,II 259 White-eyed Buzzard Butastur teesa hdn Zo]tafh r2,II 260 Himalayan Buzzard Buteo refectus Zo]tafh w2,II 261 Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus nfdv'§] Zo]tafh w3,II 262 Upland Buzzard Buteo hemilasius kxf8L Zo]tafh w3,II TROGONIFORMES Family: Trogonidae Harpactes 263 Red-headed Trogon /Qm lz/ r3,EN erythrocephalus ORDER: BUCEROTIFORMES Family: Bucerotidae 264 Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis /fhwg]z r4,I,EN 265 Ocyceros birostris ;fgf] wg]z r1 Anthracoceros 266 Oriental Pied Hornbill sfnf] wg]z r1,II albirostris Family: Upupidae 267 Common Hoopoe Upupa epops kmfk|] r/f r2 ORDER: CORACIIFORMES Family: Meropidae 268 Blue-bearded Bee-eater Nyctyornis athertoni dw'dIfL eIfsf r3 269 Asian Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis d'/nLr/f r1

A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 15 Chestnut-headed Bee- s6';6fps] 270 Merops leschenaultia r1 eater d'/nLr/f 271 Blue-tailed Bee-eater Merops philippinus gLnk'R5|] d'/nLr/f r3 Family: Coraciidae 272 Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis 7]pjf r1 273 Oriental Dollarbird Eurystomus orientalis nfn r'Rr] 7]pjf r1 Family: Alcedinidae 274 Blue-eared Kingfisher Alcedo meninting gLn6fps] df6Lsf]/] r4 275 Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis ;fgf] df6Lsf]/] r1 7"nf] l5/la/] 276 Crested Kingfisher Megaceryle lugubris df6Lsf]/] r1 277 Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis l5/la/] df6Lsf]/] r1 278 Stork-billed Kingfisher Pelargopsis capensis 7"nf] df6Lsf/] r2 279 Ruddy Kingfisher Halcyon coromanda s6';jbg df6Lsf]/] r5,CR 280 White-throated Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis ;]tf]s07] df6Lsf/] r1 281 Black-capped Kingfisher Halcyon pileata sfnf]6fps] df6Lsf/] m4 ORDER: Family: Megalaimidae Psilopogon 282 Coppersmith Barbet ldnr/f r1 haemacephalus 283 Great Barbet Psilopogon virens GofpnL r1 284 Lineated Barbet Psilopogon lineatus l5s]{ s'y's]{ r1 285 Golden-throated Barbet Psilopogon franklinii s'Sn'· r1 286 Blue-throated Barbet Psilopogon asiaticus s'y'{s] r1 Family: Picidae 287 Eurasian Wryneck Jynx torquilla v/ nfxfFr] m1 288 White-browed Piculet Sasia ochracea ;l;of r4,CR 289 Speckled Piculet Picumnus innominatus yf]Kn] ;l;of r2 290 Bay Blythipicus pyrrhotis tfd] nfxfFr] r3 Chrysocolaptes 291 Greater ub{gyf]Kn] nfxfFr] r2 guttacristatus 292 Himalayan Flameback shorii tLg cf}+n] r2 293 Black-rumped Flameback Dinopium benghalense sfnf]9f8] nfxfFr] r1 Micropternus 294 ;fgf]tfd] nfxfFr] r1 brachyurus Chrysophlegma 295 Greater Yellownape 7"nf];'gh'/] sf7kmf]/ r1 flavinucha 296 Lesser Yellownape Picus chlorolophus ;'gh'/] sf7kmf]/ r2 Streak-throated 297 Picus xanthopygaeus sTn] sf7kmf]/ r1 Woodpecker 298 Black-naped Woodpecker Picus guerini sfnf]ub{g] sf7kmf]/ r1 299 Scaly-bellied Woodpecker Picus squamatus 7"nf]sTn] sf7kmf]/ r1 Mulleripicus 300 Great Slaty Woodpecker /fh nfxfFr] r4,VU pulverulentus

16 A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 301 Grey-capped Woodpecker Picoides canicapillus km';|f]6fps] sfi7s"6 r1 302 Indian Pygmy Woodpecker Picoides nanus k'G6] sfi7s"6 r1 Yellow-crowned 303 Leiopicus mahrattensis kFx]nf]6fps] sfi7s"6 r2 Woodpecker Brown-fronted 304 Leiopicus auriceps v}/f]6fps] sfi6s"6 r2 Woodpecker Fulvous-breasted 305 Dendrocopos macei sfi6s"6 r1 Woodpecker Dendrocopos 306 Darjeeling Woodpecker bfh{lnË sfi6s"6 r2 darjellensis ORDER: CARIAMIFORMES Family: Falconidae Microhierax 307 Collared Falconet kf}/L afh r3,II caerulescens 308 Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni ;fgf] af]F8fO{ m3,II 309 Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus af]F8fO{ r1,II 310 Red-headed Falcon Falco chicquera /ftf]6fps] af]F8fO{ r4,II, EN 311 Amur Falcon Falco amurensis cd'/ afh m3,II 312 Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo h'·] lr/fGts afh r3,II 313 Oriental Hobby Falco severus lr/fGts afh r5,II, CR 314 Laggar Falcon Falco jugger nfu/ afh r5,I, CR 315 Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus zfxL afh r3,I ORDER: PSITTACIFORMES Family: Psittacidae 316 Vernal Hanging-parrot Loriculus vernalis k"0f{ ;'uf r5,II, CR 317 Slaty-headed Parakeet Psittacula himalayana dbgf ;'uf r2,II 318 Blossom-headed Parakeet Psittacula roseate u'nfkmL6fps] ;'uf w1,II Psittacula 319 Plum-headed Parakeet 6'O{;L ;'uf r1,II cyanocephala 320 Red-breasted Parakeet Psittacula alexandri sfue]nf ;'uf r1,II, VU 321 Alexandrine Parakeet Psittacula eupatria s/f{ ;'uf r1,II 322 Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri s07] ;'uf r1 ORDER: PASSERIFORMES Family: Pittidae 323 Indian Pitta Pitta brachyuran ufhn] lk§f r1 324 Western Hooded Pitta Pitta sordida lrqs lk§f r1,VU Family: Eurylaimidae 325 Long-tailed Broadbill Psarisomus dalhousiae lrq s'6 r1 Family: Oriolidae 326 Maroon Oriole Oriolus traillii wg/Qm ;'gr/L r2 327 Black-hooded Oriole Oriolus xanthornus sfnf]6fpsf] ;'gr/L r1 328 Indian Golden Oriole Oriolus kundoo ufhn] ;'gr/L r2 329 Slender-billed Oriole Oriolus tenuirostris ltvf]7"F8] ;'gr/L w3

A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 17 330 Black-naped Oriole Oriolus chinensis sfnf]ub{g] ;'gr/L r1 Family: Vireonidae White-browed Shrike- nfnkª\v] eb|fO{ 331 Pteruthius aeralatus r3 babbler Eofs'/ 332 Black-eared Shrike-babbler Pteruthius melanotis ufhn] eb|fO{ Eofs'/ r1 333 White-bellied Erpornis Erpornis zantholeuca ;]tf]k]6] h'/]r/f r1 Family: Campephagidae Pericrocotus 334 Small Minivet ;fgf] /fgLr/L v cinnamomeus 335 Grey-chinned Minivet Pericrocotus solaris gf}gLs07] /fgLr/L r4 Pericrocotus 336 Short-billed Minivet n3'7"F8] /fgLr/L r4 brevirostris 337 Long-tailed Minivet Pericrocotus ethologus nfdk'R5|] /fgLr/L r1 338 Scarlet Minivet Pericrocotus flammeus /fgLr/L r1 339 Rosy Minivet Pericrocotus roseus u'nfkmL /fgLr/L r3 Pericrocotus 340 Ashy Minivet km';|] /fgLr/L v divaricatus 341 Large Cuckooshrike Coracina macei n'6zs lj/xLr/L r1 Black-winged 342 Lalage melaschistos sfnf] lj/xLr/L r3 Cuckooshrike Black-headed sfnf] 6fps] 343 Lalage melanoptera s5 Cuckooshrike lj/xLr/L Family: Artamidae 344 Ashy Woodswallow Artamus fuscus ldy'g r3 Family: Vangidae Bar-winged Flycatcher- 345 Hemipus picatus cf;sf]6] r/L r1 shrike 346 Large Woodshrike Tephrodornis virgatus 7"nf] 6]Gyf r1 Tephrodornis 347 Common Woodshrike 6]Gyf r2 pondicerianus Family: Aegithinidae 348 Common Iora Aegithina tiphia ;'z]nLr/L r1 Family: Rhipiduridae 349 White-browed Fantail Rhipidura aureola s'dyf]Kn] df?gLr/L r4 350 White-throated Fantail Rhipidura albicollis gSsn] df?gLr/L r2 Family: Dicruridae 351 Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus sfnf] lra] r1 352 Ashy Drongo Dicrurus leucophaeus WofF;] lra] r1 353 White-bellied Drongo Dicrurus caerulescens ;]tf]k]6] lra] r2 354 Crow-billed Drongo Dicrurus annectens sfu7"F8] lra] r4 355 Bronzed Drongo Dicrurus aeneus ;fgf] lra] r1 356 Lesser Racket-tailed Drongo Dicrurus remifer leu|L /fhlra] r1 357 Hair-crested Drongo Dicrurus hottentottus s]z/fh lra] r2 Greater Racket-tailed 358 Dicrurus paradiseus eLd/fh lra] r1 Drongo 18 A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park Family: Monarchidae 359 Black-naped Monarch Hypothymis azurea /fh r/L m1 360 Asian Paradise-flycatcher Terpsiphone paradisi :ju{ r/L r1 Family: Laniidae 361 Brown Shrike Lanius cristatus v}/f] eb|fO{ r2 362 Isabelline Shrike Lanius isabellinus /ftf]k'R5|] eb|fO{ w5 363 Bay-backed Shrike Lanius vittatus lrqs eb|fO{ m3 364 Long-tailed Shrike Lanius schach eb|fO{ r1 365 Grey-backed Shrike Lanius tephronotus lxdfnL eb|fO{ r2 366 Great Grey Shrike Lanius excubitor /fh eb|fO{ m1,CR Family: Corvidae Dendrocitta 367 Rufous Treepie sf]sn] r1 vagabunda 368 Grey Treepie Dendrocitta formosae kxf8L sf]sn] r1 369 Red-billed Blue Magpie Urocissa erythroryncha :ofnkf]y/L r1 370 Common Green Magpie Cissa chinensis xl/of] nfdk'R5|] r2 371 Plain-crowned Jay Garrulus bispecularis s}n] jgsfu r3,EN 372 House Crow Corvus splendens 3/sfu r1 373 Large-billed Crow Corvus macrorhynchos sfnf]sfu r1 Family: Stenostiridae Yellow-bellied Fantail- Chelidorhynx 374 kx]Fnf] df?gLr/L r1 fantail hypoxanthus Grey-headed Canary- 375 Culicicapa ceylonensis r~rn] ch'{gs m1 lycatcher Family: Paridae 376 Yellow-browed Tit Sylviparus modestus r'Fb'jf lrlrNsf]6] r2 :j0f{r'n /fh 377 Sultan Tit Melanochlora sultanea lrlrNsf]6] r4,EN 378 Great Tit Parus major lrlrNsf]6] r1 Machlolophus 379 Black-lored Tit kf08' lrlrNsf]6] r2 xanthogenys Family: Aegithalidae sfnLs07] 380 Black-thorated Tit Aegithalos concinnus lrlrNsf]6] r1 Family: Alaudidae Ammomanes 381 Rufous-tailed Lark clUg ef/åfh r4 phoenicura Ashy-crowned Sparrow- 382 Eremopterix griseus rZd] ef/åfh r2 lark 383 Bengal Bushlark Mirafra assamica ef/åfh r1 384 Sand Lark Alaudala raytal au/ ef/åfh r1 385 Hume's Lark Calandrella acutirostris kx]Fnf] 7"F8] ef/åfh m3 Calandrella 386 Eastern Short-toed Lark jlt{sf ef/åfh m1 dukhunensis 387 Oriental Skylark Alauda gulgula a|fXdL r/L r2

A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 19 Family: Cisticolidae 388 Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidis lkm/lkm/] r2 389 Golden-headed Cisticola Cisticola exilis ;'g6fps] lkm/lkm/] r1 390 Striated Prinia Prinia crinigera ;'of 3fF;lkm:6f] r1 391 Grey-crowned Prinia Prinia cinereocapilla 3]3/L 3fF;] lkm:6f] r1,VU 392 Grey-breasted Prinia Prinia hodgsonii km';|f]5ftL 3fF;]lkm:6f] r1 393 Graceful Prinia Prinia gracilis sfF;] 3fF;]lkm:6f] r1 394 Jungle Prinia Prinia sylvatica h·n 3fF;]lkm:6f] r1 395 Yellow-bellied Prinia Prinia flaviventris lktf]b/ 3fF;]lkm:6f] r1 396 Ashy Prinia Prinia socialis 6'0f's 3fF;]lkm:6f] r2 397 Plain Prinia Prinia inornata emfFqmL 3fF;]lkm:6f] r2 398 Common Tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius kftl;pg] lkm:6f] r1 Family: 399 Thick-billed Warbler Arundinax aedon df]6f]7"F8] 6\ofs6\ofs] w3 400 Booted Warbler Iduna caligata df]6f]v'§] lkm:6f] m3 401 Blyth's Reed-warbler 6\ofs6\ofs] w2 dumetorum Acrocephalus 402 Clamorous Reed Warbler nfdf]7"F8f] 6\ofs6\ofs] w3 stentoreus 403 Paddyfield Warbler Acrocephalus Agricola ;fgf] 6\ofs6\ofs] m1 Family: Pnoepygidae 404 Scaly-Breasted Cupwing Phoepyga albiventer sTn] 8's'/] Eofs'/ 405 Pygmy Cupwing pusilla dl;ln+8] 8's'/] Eofs'/ Family: Locustellidae 406 Lanceolated Warbler Locustella lanceolata ws]{ d';]lkm:6f] v Common Grasshopper- 407 Locustella naevia ;bfs07] d';]lkm:6f] v warbler 408 Striated Grassbird Megalurus palustris gs{6 3fF;] r/L r4,CR Spotted Grasshopper 409 Locustella thoracica yf]Kn] emf8Llkm:6f] v Warbler 410 Oriental Reed Warbler Acrocephalus orientalis k"jL{o 6\ofs6\ofs] v 411 Bristled Grassbird Chaetornis striata sfF;] 3fF;]r/L r1,VU Family: Hirundinidae 412 Asian House Martin Delichon dasypus Pl;ofnL eL/uf}+ynL r2 413 Nepal House Martin Delichon nipalense g]kfn eL/uf}+ynL r2 414 Northern House Martin Delichon urbicum eL/uf}+ynL m4 415 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica 3/uf}+ynL r1 416 Red-rumped Swallow Cecropis daurica u]?s6L uf}+ynL r1 Ptyonoprogne 417 Eurasian Crag Martin gxLs'6L uf}+ynL r1 rupestris 418 Asian Plain Martin Riparia chinensis leQ]uf}+ynL r1 419 Collared Sand Martin Riparia riparia unfxf/L leQ] uf}+ynL w4

20 A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park Family: Pycnonotidae 420 White-throated Bulbul Alophoixus flaveolus ;tf]s07] h'/]nL r1,EN 421 Ashy Bulbul Hemixos flavala km';|]k]6] h'/]nL r3 422 Mountain Bulbul Ixos mcclellandii s}nf]k]6] h'/]nL r2 Hypsipetes 423 Black Bulbul afv|] h'/]nL r1 leucocephalus 424 Striated Bulbul Pycnonotus striatus ws]{ h'/]nL r1 sfnf]sNsL kx]Fnf] 425 Black-crested Bulbul Pycnonotus flaviventris h'/]nL r1 426 Red-whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus Zj]tjIf h'/]nL r1 427 Himalayan Bulbul Pycnonotus leucogenys h'Nkm] h'/]nL r1 428 Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer h'/]nL r1 Family: Scotocercidae 429 Chestnut-headed Tesia Cettia castanecoronata /ftf] 6fps] 6]l;of r2 430 Grey-bellied Tesia Tesia cyaniventer km';|f] k]6] 6]l;of r1 Family: Phylloscopidae 431 Yellow-browed Warbler Phylloscopus inornatus xl/t lkm:6f] w3 432 Hume's -warbler Phylloscopus humei r~rn] r1 Lemon-rumped Leaf- Phylloscopus 433 kLts6L lkm:6f] r1 warbler chloronotus 434 Buff-barred Warbler Phylloscopus pulcher ;'Gtn]/]vL lkm:6f] r1 Phylloscopus 435 Ashy-throated Warbler k'm;|f]s07] lkm:6f] r2 maculipennis 436 Dusky Warbler Phylloscopus fuscatus uf]w'nL lkm:6f] w1 Phylloscopus 437 Smoky Warbler WjfF;] lkm:6f] r2 fuligiventer 438 Sulphur-bellied Warbler Phylloscopus griseolus lktf]b/ 9'Ë]lkm:6f] m4 439 Tickell's Leaf-warbler Phylloscopus affinis kLtf]b/ lkm:6f] r1 Phylloscopus 440 Grey-cheeked Warbler ;]tf]rZd] lkm:6f] r4 poliogenys 441 Green-crowned Warbler Phylloscopus burkii ;'grZd] lkm:6f] r2 442 Whistler's Warbler Phylloscopus whistleri ;'z]nL lkm:6f] r1 Chestnut-crowned Phylloscopus 443 /f6f]6fps] lkm:6f] r1 Warbler castaniceps Phylloscopus 444 Greenish Warbler hLjn lkm:6f] s1 trochiloides Phylloscopus 445 Large-billed Leaf-warbler 7"nf]7"F8] lkm:6f] s2 magnirostris Phylloscopus 446 Blyth's Leaf-warbler tfn'ws]{ lkm:6f] r1 reguloides Western Crowned Leaf- 447 Phylloscopus occipitalis 7"nf]tfn'ws]{ lkm:6f] w3 warbler Phylloscopus 448 Grey-hooded Warbler t's'nsf/L lkm:6f] r1 xanthoschistos Chestnut-crowned Bush- 7"nf]/ftf]6fps] 449 Cettia major w1 warbler emf8Llkm:6f] /f6f]6fps] 450 Grey-sided Bush-warbler Cettia brunnifrons emf8Llkm:6f] r2

A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 21 451 Pale-footed Bush-warbler Hemitesia pallidipes 3]3/L emf8Llkm:6f] r1,VU Abroscopus 452 Yellow-bellied Warbler kx]Fnf]k]6] lkm:6f] w3,VU superciliaris 453 Broad-billed Warbler Tickellia hodgsoni s6';6fps] lkm:6f] r4,EN kLtxl/t 454 Aberrant Bush-warbler Horornis flavolivaceus emf8Llkm:6f] r2 Family: Sylviidae 455 Yello-eyed Babbler Chrysomma sinense tfd]3fF;] Eofs'/ r1 456 Jerdon's Babbler Chrysomma altirostre h8{g Eofs'/ r4 457 Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca Zj]ts07 lkm:6f] w3 Family: Zosteropidae 458 Black-chinned Yuhina Yuhina nigrimenta sfnf]sNsL h'/]r/f r3,VU 459 Stripe-throated Yuhina Yuhina gularis y'knsNsL h'/]r/f r1 460 Whiskered Yuhina Yuhina flavicollis h'·] h'/]r/f r1 461 Rufous-vented Yuhina Yuhina occipitalis v}/f] h'/]r/f r1 462 Oriental White-eye Zosterops palpebrosus sfFsf/L r1 Family: Timaliidae White-browed Scimitar- Pomatorhinus 463 km';|f]6fps] kfNsf]6] r1 babbler schisticeps Streak-breasted Scimitar- 464 Pomatorhinus ruficollis 5ftLw;]{ kfNsf]6] r2 babbler Rusty-cheeked Scimitar- Erythrogenys 465 kfNsf]6] r1 babbler erythrogenys 466 Grey-throated Babbler Stachyris nigriceps km';|f]s07 jgEofs'/ r1 467 Tawny-bellied Babbler Dumetia hyperythra s}nf] 3fF;]Eofs'/ r4,EN /ftf] 6fps] 468 Chestnut-capped Babbler Timalia pileata 3fF;]Eofs'/ r1 469 Pin-striped Tit Babbler Mixornis gularis lktf]b/ lkm:6]Eofs'/ r1 sfnf] lrp8] 470 Black-chinned Babbler Cyanoderma pyrrhops jgEofs'/ r2 Family: Pellorneidae 471 Puff-throated Babbler Pellorneum ruficeps yf]Kn] Eofs'/ r2 Graminicola 472 Indian Grass-babbler 3fF;]r/L bengalensis 473 Abbott's Babbler Malacocincla abbotti df]6f]7"F8] Eofs'/ r4,EN Family: Leiotrichidae 474 Nepal Fulvetta Alcippe nipalensis g]kfn km"na'§f r3 475 Striated Babbler Argya earlei v/ Eofs'/ r1 476 Common Babbler Argya caudata s?afx's Eofs'/ r1,VU 477 Spiny Babbler Acanthoptila nipalensis sfF8] Eofs'/ r1 Chatarrhaea 478 Slender-billed Babbler v8fO{ Eofs'/ r1, CR longirostris 479 Jungle Babbler Turdoides striata aufn] Eofs'/ r1 480 Striated Laughingthrush Grammatoptila striata sNsL tf]/LufF8f r1

22 A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park Lesser Necklaced 481 monileger ;fgf]s07] tf]/LufF8f r1,VU Laughingthrush Greater Necklaced 482 Garrulax pectoralis 7"nf]s07] tf]/LufF8f r3,VU Laughingthrush White-crested 483 Garrulax leucolophus lxpFh'/] tf]/LufF8f r1 Laughingthrush 484 Spotted Laughingthrush Garrulax ocellatus d'Fbfn] tf]/LufF8f r2 Rufous-chinned 485 Garrulax rufogularis s}nf]s07] tf]/LufF8f r3 Laughingthrush White-throated 486 Garrulax albogularis ;f]O/g] tf]/LufF8f r1 Laughingthrush Rufous-necked 487 Garrulax ruficollis sflns07] tf]/LufF8f r1,CR Laughingthrush Blue-winged Trochalopteron 488 glnkª\v] tf]/LufF8f r3 Laughingthrush squamatum Chestnut-crowned Trochalopteron 489 s6';6fps] tf]/LufF8f r1 Laughingthrush Heterophasia 490 Long-tailed Sibia nfk'R5|] l;laof r4,CR picaoides Heterophasia 491 Rufous Sibia l;laof r1 capistrata 492 Silver-eared Mesia Leiothrix argentauris rfFbLsfg] ldl;of r5,II, EN 493 Red-billed Leiothrix Leiothrix lutea /f]lri0f' ldl;of r2,II 494 Red-tailed Minla Minla ignotincta nfnk'R5|] r3 495 Blue-winged Minla Siva cyanouroptera glnk+v ldGnf r2 496 Bar-throated Minla Chrysominla strigula lzj ldGnf r1 497 Himalyan cuita Cutia nipalensis s'l6of r1 Family: Sittidae 498 Chestnut-bellied Nuthatch Sitta cinnamoventris s6';] d§f r1 499 White-tailed Nuthatch Sitta himalayensis kxf8L d§f r1 500 Velvet-fronted Nuthatch Sitta frontalis dvdnL d§f r2 501 Wallcreeper Tichodroma muraria d'/f/L k'tnLr/f r2 Family: Cinclidae 502 Brown Dipper Cinclus pallasii v}/f] j~h'n r1 Family: Sturnidae 503 Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris sfnf] ;f/f}+ m3 504 Rosy Starling Pastor roseus u'nfkmL ;f/f}+ m3 505 Asian Pied Starling Gracupica contra 8fª\u|] ;f/f}+ r1 506 Brahminy Starling Sturnia pagodarum h'/] ;f/f}+ r3 507 Chestnut-tailed Starling Sturnia malabarica km';|f]6fps] ;f/f}+ r1 508 Common Myna Acridotheres tristis 8fª\u|] ?kL r1 Acridotheres 509 Bank Myna eL7 ?kL r1 ginginianus 510 Jungle Myna Acridotheres fuscus jg ?kL r1 511 Spot-winged Starling Saroglossa spilopterus s6';s07] ;f/f}+ 512 Common Hill Myna Gracula religiosa dbg;fl/sf d}gf r3

A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 23 Family: Turdidae 513 Alpine Zoothera mollissima ;fbf9f8] rfFr/ r2 514 Dark-sided Thrush Zoothera marginata nfdf]7"F8] ;fgf]rfFr/ w4,VU 515 Long-billed Thrush Zoothera monticola nfdf]7"F8] rfFr/ r3 516 Scaly Thrush Zoothera dauma uf]a|] rfFr/ r2 517 Pied Thrush Geokichla wardii s:t'/f rfFr/ s3 518 Orange-headed Thrush Geokichla citrine ;'Gtn] rfFr/ m2 519 Grey-winged Blackbird Turdus boulboul dbgf rfFr/ r2 520 Tickell's Thrush Turdus unicolor km';|] rfFr/ r1 521 Tibetan Blackbird Turdus maximus sfnf] rfFr/ w3 522 White-collared Blackbird Turdus albocinctus s07] rfFr/ r2 523 Chestnut Thrush Turdus rubrocanus s}n] rfFr/ w3 524 Dusky Thrush Turdus eunomus r6s rfFr/ w4 525 Black-throated Thrush Turdus atrogularis sfnf]s07] rfFr/ w2 526 Rufous-throated Thrush Turdus ruficollis s}nf]s07] rfFr/ 527 Eyebrowed Thrush Turdus obscurus km';|f] 6fps]rfFr/ w4 Family: Muscicapidae 528 Oriental Magpie-robin Copsychus saularis wf]lagL r/f r1 529 Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicatus b]jL Zofdf r1 Kittacincla 530 White-rumped Shama Zofdf r2 malabarica 531 Dark-sided Flycatcher Muscicapa sibirica WjfF;] ch'{gs s2 532 Asian Brown Flycatcher Muscicapa dauurica w;/ ch'{gs s3 533 Rufous-bellied Niltava Niltava sundara ;'Gb/ gLntef r2 534 Small Niltava Niltava macgrigoriae ;fgf] gLntef r2 535 Large Niltava Niltava grandis 7"nf] gLntef r4 536 Verditer Flycatcher Eumyias thalassinus gLnt'yf] ch'{gs m1 White-gorgeted 537 Anthipes monileger ;]tf]s07] ch'{gs r4,VU Flycatcher 538 Pale Blue-Flycatcher Cyornis unicolor gLnuug ch'{gs r1 539 Pale-chinned Flycatcher Cyornis poliogenys gf}gLs07] ch'{gs r1 540 Tickell's Blue-Flycatcher Cyornis tickelliae gLnf] ch'{gs r1 Blue-throated Blue 541 Cyornis rubeculoides gLns07] ch'{gs m1 Flycatcher 542 Himalayan Shortwing Brachypteryx cruralis gLnf] n3'kª\v r3 543 Indian Blue Robin Larvivora brunnea gLnf] /lag s3 Hodgsonius 544 White-bellied Redstart ;]tf]k]6] v~h/L s2 phaenicuroides 545 Bluethroat Cyanecula svecica e"ldr/ gLns07 w1 546 calliope ;fOj]l/ofnL /ftf]s07 w1 547 Himalayan Rubythroat Calliope pectoralis lxdfnL /ftf]s07 m1 24 A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 548 White-tailed Robin Myiomela leucura ;]tf]k'R5|] /ljg r2 Rufous-breasted Bush- 549 Tarsiger hyperythrus s}n]5ftL /lag robin 550 Himalayan Bush-robin Tarsiger rufilatus ;'Gtnfsf]v] /lag White-browed Bush- 551 Tarsiger indicus ;]tf]cfFvLef}+ /lag r1 robin 552 Golden Bush-robin Tarsiger chrysaeus ;'gf}nL /lag r2 553 Little Forktail Enicurus scouleri u+ufvf]n] wf]lagL r2 554 Slaty-backed Forktail Enicurus schistaceus km';|f]9f8] vf]n] wf]lagL r2 Enicurus 555 Black-backed Forktail sfnf]9f8] vf]n] wf]lagL r1 immaculatus 556 Spotted Forktail Enicurus maculatus yf]Kn]vf]n] wf]lagL r1 Myophonus 557 Blue Whistling-thrush sNrf}8L r1 caeruleus 558 Slaty-backed Flycatcher Ficedula erithacus gLn9f8] ch'{gs w4 559 Slaty-blue Flycatcher Ficedula tricolor l6sl6s] ch'{gs r1 Snowy-browed 560 Ficedula hyperythra ;]tf]cfFvLef}+ ch'{gs r3 Flycatcher 561 Pygmy Blue-flycatcher Ficedula hodgsoni n3' ch'{gs r4 Rufous-gorgeted 562 Ficedula strophiata ;]tf]l6s] ch'{gs r1 Flycatcher 563 Ultramarine Flycatcher Ficedula superciliaris gLnZj]t ch'{gs m1 Ficedula 564 Little Pied Flycatcher ZofdZj]t ch'{gs r3 westermanni 565 Rusty-tailed Flycatcher Ficedula ruficauda s}nf]k'R5|] ch'{gs s3 566 Red-throated Flycatcher Ficedula albicilla nfns07] ch'{gs w2 567 Red-breasted Flycatcher Ficedula parva nfnjIf ch'{gs 568 Kashmir Flycatcher Ficedula subrubra sflZd/L ch'{gs m4 , VU 569 Blue-fronted Redstart Phoenicurus frontalis gLn6fps] v~h/L r1 Phoenicurus 570 Blue-capped Redstart wf]lagL v~h/L r1 coeruleocephala White-capped Water- Phoenicurus 571 ;]tf]6fps] hnv~h/L r1 redstart leucocephalus Plumbeous Water- Phoenicurus 572 gLnfDa/ hnv~h/L r1 redstart fuliginosus 573 Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros WofKrL v~h/L r1 Phoenicurus 574 Hodgson's Redstart tgsDk v~h/L w1 hodgsoni Monticola 575 Blue-capped Rock-thrush ;fgf]xhf/f rfFr/ s1 cinclorhyncha Chestnut-bellied Rock- 576 Monticola rufiventris xhf/f rfFr/ r2 thrush 577 Blue Rock-thrush Monticola solitarius pdf rfFr/ r1 578 Grey Bushchat Saxicola ferreus lxdfnL em\ofK;L r1 White-throated 579 Saxicola insignis ;]tf]s07] lwK;L w4,EN Bushchat

A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 25 580 Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata sfn] em\ofK;L r1 581 White-tailed Stonechat Saxicola leucurus sfF;] em\ofK;L r1 582 Common Stonechat Saxicola torquatus em]sem]s em\ofK;L r1 583 Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe ufhn] e"O{/lag v 584 Isabelline Wheatear Oenanthe isabellina km';|f] e"O{/lag v 585 Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti sfnf]s07] e"O{/lag s4 586 Brown Rockchat Oenanthe fusca s}nf] /lag Family: Chloropseidae 587 Golden-fronted Leafbird Chloropsis aurifrons s[i0fs07] xl/tr/L r2 588 Orange-bellied Leafbird Chloropsis hardwickii :j0f]{b/ xl/tr/L r2 Family: lvii Yellow-bellied Dicaeum 589 kLtf]b/ k'iksf]lsn r3 Flowerpecker melanozanthum Yellow-vented Dicaeum 590 kLtlgu{d k'iksf]lsn r5,CR Flowerpecker chrysorrheum Thick-billed 591 Dicaeum agile df]6]7"F8] k'iksf]lsn r1 Flowerpecker Dicaeum 592 Pale-billed Flowerpecker /ftf]7"F8] k'iksf]lsn r2 erythrorhynchos 593 Plain Flowerpecker Dicaeum minullum ;d?k k'iksf]lsn r1 Fire-breasted 594 Dicaeum ignipectus clUgjIf k'iksf]lsn r1 Flowerpecker Family: Nectariniidae Arachnothera 595 Little Spiderhunter nfdf]7"F8] dfs'/Lr/L r4,CR longirostra 596 Streaked Spiderhunter Arachnothera magna 7"nf] dfs'/Lr/L r1 Chalcoparia 597 Ruby-cheeked Sunbird Koflhsfn] a'·]r/L r4,EN singalensis 598 Purple Sunbird Cinnyris asiaticus sfnf] a'·]r/L r1 599 Fire-tailed Sunbird Aethopyga ignicauda nfdk'R5|] a'·]r/L r2 600 Black-throated Sunbird Aethopyga saturate sflns07] a'·]r/L r1 601 Green-tailed Sunbird Aethopyga nipalensis g]kfn a'·]r/L r1 602 Gould's Sunbird Aethopyga gouldiae sflGt a'·]r/L r3 603 Crimson Sunbird Aethopyga siparaja l;k/fh a'·]r/L r2 Family: Prunellidae Rufous- breasted 604 Prunella strophiata d';] n]sr/L r1 Accentor Family: Ploceidae 605 Black-breasted Weaver Ploceus benghalensis 5ftLsfn] tf]kr/f r1,VU 606 Streaked Weaver Ploceus manyar ws]{ tf]kr/f m4,CR 607 Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus aof tf]kr/f r1 Family: Estrildidae Amandava 608 Red Avadavat /ftf] d'lgofF r1 amandava 26 A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 609 Indian Silverbill Euodice malabarica rfFbL7"F8] d'lgofF r1 610 White-rumped Munia Lonchura striata ;]tf]9f8] d'lgofF r1 611 Scaly-breasted Munia Lonchura punctulata sf]6]/f] d'lgofF r1 612 Tricoloured Munia Lonchura Malacca sfnf]6fps] d'lgofF r1 Family: Passeridae 613 House Sparrow Passer domesticus 3/ eFu]/f r1 614 Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus ?v eFu]/f r1 Chestnut-shouldered Gymnoris 615 kLts07] eFu]/f r1 Bush- sparrow xanthocollis Family: Motacillidae 616 Olive-backed Pipit Anthus hodgsoni ?v r'O{ofF r1 617 Red-throated Pipit Anthus cervinus nfns07] r'O{ofF w4 618 Rosy Pipit Anthus roseatus u'nfkmLs07] r'O{ofF m2 619 Water Pipit Anthus spinoletta hn r'O{ofF w4 620 Upland Pipit Anthus sylvanus kxf8L r'O{ofF r2 621 Richard's Pipit Anthus richardi lxpFb] r'O{ofF w2 622 Paddyfield Pipit Anthus rufulus cfnL r'O{ofF r1 623 Blyth's Pipit Anthus godlewskii 5f]6]7"F8] r'O{ofF w3 624 Tawny Pipit Anthus campestris w'lnsf r'O{ofF w3 625 Buff-bellied Pipit Anthus rubescens s}nf]sf]v] r'O{ofF w4 626 Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea km';|f] l6sl6s] r1 627 Citrine Wagtail Motacilla citreola a];f/] l6sl6s] w2 Motacilla 628 White-browed Wagtail vf]n] l6sl6s] r2 maderaspatensis 629 White Wagtail Motacilla alba km';|f] l6sl6s] m1 630 Western Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava kx]nf] l6sl6s] w2 Dendronanthus 631 Forest Wagtail jg l6sl6s] m4 indicus Family: Fringillidae Carpodacus 632 Common Rosefinch cdf]+uf ltt' r1 erythrinus 633 Brown Bullfinch Pyrrhula nipalensis v}/f] l6pl6p r3 Procarduelis 634 Dark-breasted Rosefinch g]kfn ltt' r2 nipalensis Yellow-breasted 635 Chloris spinoides ufhn] kLtr/L r1 Greenfinch Family: Emberizidae 636 Crested Bunting Emberiza lathami h'/] au]8L r2 Emberiza 637 Black-headed Bunting sfn6fps] au]8L w4,VU melanocephala 638 Red-headed Bunting Emberiza bruniceps /ftf]6fps] au]8L v

A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 27 639 Chestnut-eared Bunting Emberiza fucata sfgs}n] au]8L w4 640 Yellow-breasted Bunting Emberiza aureola aufn] au]8L m3 , CR 641 Little Bunting Emberiza pusilla n3' au]8L w3,VU Emberiza 642 Black-faced Bunting s[i0fd'bf/ au]8L m1,VU spodocephala 643 Rustic Bunting Emberiza rustica lrq;f/L au]8L v,VU

REFERENCES:

1. G. Richard, I. Carol, I. Tim, B.S. Hem; Birds of Nepal Revised Edition (2016). 2. G. Bikram, H.Harvey, P. Otto; Aphotographic Guide to the Birds of Nepal (2011). 3. Chitwan Check list (2013); Bird Education Society, Chitwan Nepal.

28 A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park HERPTOFAUNA FOUND IN AND AROUND CHITWAN NATIONAL PARK

KEY TO THE CODES:

LC Least concern

VU Vulnerable

EN Endangered

CR Critically Endangered

DD Data Deficient

P Protected

I Appendix I

II Appendix II

III Appendix III

A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 29 Conservation Status Order/Family/ Common S.N Scientific Name Nepali Name NPWC Name Act IUCN CITES 1973 Amphibia Order: Anura Family: Bufonidiae 1 Asian Common Toad Duttaphrynus melanostictus v;|] Eofu'tf] LC 2 Indian Marbled Toad v;|] Eofu'tf] LC Family: Dicroglossidai 3 Jerdon's bull Frog Hoplobatrachus crassus l;s]{ Eofu'tf] LC 4 Skittering Frog Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis cfxfnf] Eofu'tf] LC 5 Asian Grass Frog Minervarya limnocharis Eofu'tf] LC 6 Pierre's Wart Frog Minervarya pierrei Eofu'tf] LC 7 Long-Legged Cricket Frog Minervarya syhadrensis Eofu'tf] LC 8 Indian Bull Frog Hoplobatrachus tigerinus l;s]{ Eofu'tf] LC 9 Indian Burrowing Frog Sphaerotheca breviceps /fgL Eofu'tf] LC Family: Rhacophoridae 10 Chunam Tree Frog Polypedates maculatus ?v Eofu'tf] LC Reptilia Order: Crocodylia Family:Crocodilidae 11 Marsh Crocodile Crocodylus palustris du/ uf]xL VU I Family:Gavialidae 12 Gharial Gavialis gangeticus 3l8ofn uf]xL P CR I Order: Testudines Family:Geoemydidae 13 Three-Striped roofed Turtle Batagur dhongoka s5'jf CR II Red-Crowned roofed 14 Batagur kachuga CR II Turtle s5'jf 15 Indian roofed Turtle Pangshura tecta s5'jf LC I 16 Tricarinate Hill Turtle Melanochelys tricarinata s5'jf VC I 17 Indian Black Turtle Melanochelys trijuga s5'jf NT II 18 Indian Tent Turtle Pangshura tentoria s5'jf LC I Order: Testudines Family:Testudinidae 19 Elongated Tortoise Indotestudo elongata s5'jf CR II Family: Trionychidae 20 Indian Softshell Turtle Nilssonia gangetica s6}of VU I 21 Small Headed Softhell Turtle Chitra indica j8x/ EN II Family:Agamidae 22 Oriental Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor 5]kf/f] Family:Gekkonidae 23 Spotted House Gecko Hemidactylus brookii dfp;'nL 24 Yellow Belly Gecko Hemidactylus flaviviridis dfp;'nL 25 Common House Gecko Hemidactylus frenatus dfp;'nL LC 26 Indo-Pacific Gecko Hemidactylus garnotii dfp;'nL Family:Scincidae 27 Striped Grass Skink Eutropis dissimilis efg] d'+u|f] 28 Bronze Grass Skink Eutropis macularia efg] d'+u|f] 29 Ground Skink Asymblepharus sikimmensis efg] d'+u|f]

30 A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park Family: Varanidae 30 Lizard Varanus bengalensis e}+;] uf]xf]/f] LC I 31 Golden Monitor Lizard Varanus flavescens ;'g uf]xf]/f] P LC I Family: Colubridae 32 Green Vine Snake ;'uf ;k{ 33 Snake Amphiesma stolatum x/ x/f 34 Tawny Cat Snake Boiga ochracea r'8]p ;k{ 35 Common Cat Snake nf]xflug 36 Gloden Flying Snake Chrysopelea ornata em'Ns] ;k{ Common Bronzeback 37 Dendrelaphis tristis tree Snake l;l/;] 38 Indian Egg Eater Snake Boiga westesrmanni c08f vfg] ;k{ II 39 Common Trincket Snake Coelognathus helena l;+uf/] ;k{ 40 Copper headed Trinket Snake Coelognathus radiatus l;+uf/] ;k{ LC 41 Common Wolf Snake Lycodon aulicus lrlrk8] ;k{ 42 Common Kukri Snake Oligodon arnensis ;fFv8 ;k{ 43 Indian Rat Snake wfdg 44 Cantor's Black-Headed Snake Sibynophis Sagittarius sfnf] ub{g] ;k{ LC 45 Fowlea piscator kfgL ;k{ III 46 Masket Water Snake Homalopsis buccata kfgL ;k{ LC Family: Lamprophiidae 47 Common Sand Snake Psammophis condanarus Hofk" ;k{ LC Family: 48 Common Krait caeruleus s/]t ;k{ 49 Banded Krait Bungarus fasciatus ugUjfnL ;k{ 50 MacClelland’s Coral Snake Sinomicrurus macclellandii d'uf ;k{ 51 Spectacled Cobra Naja naja uf]dg II 52 Ophiophagus hannah /fhuf]dg VU II Family: Typhlopidae 53 Brahminy Blind Snake t]lnof ;k{ Family: Pythonidae 54 Burmese Python Python bivittatus clh·f/ P VU II Family: Viperidae 55 White-Lipped Pit Viper Trimeresurus albolabris x/]p ;k{ LC Family: Boinae 56 Common sand boa Eryx conicus lrlrG8]

REFERENCES: 1. BCC, NTNC 2020: A Study of Herpetofauna of the churia region: Faunal Biodiversity Assessment in Churia Region. 2. D.P. Pandey, C.T. Magar (2019); Medically Important and Snakebite Management in Nepal. 3. R.Whitaker & A. Captain (2015): Snakes of India; The field Guide pp.383. 4. Z.R. George & M.C. Joseph (1995): Amphibians and Reptiles of the Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal

A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 31 FOUND IN AND AROUND CHITWAN NATIONAL PARK

KEY TO THE CODES:

LC Least concern

VU Vulnerable

EN Endangered

CR Critically Endangered

DD Data Deficient

32 A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park Conservation Status S.N Local Name English Name Scientific Name IUCN Order: Anguilliformes,Family: Anguillidae 1 /fhad Indian Mottled Eel Anguilla bengalensis NT Family: Moringuidae 2 Purple Spaghetti Eel Moringua raitaborua LC Order: : Clupeiformes,Family: Clupeidae 3 ;'Oc÷l;wL{ Indian River Shad Gudusia chapra LC Order: ,Family: 4 js'/÷rtnf Gibelion catla LC 5 g's'tf Nukta Schismatorhynchus nukta EN 6 åfkm{ bj]{ Spottedsail Barb Pethia phutunio LC 7 kf]yL Onespot Barb terio LC 8 Silver razorbelly minnow Salmophasia acinaces LC 9 lrNjf÷unkm'nfgL Large razorbelly minnow Salmophasia bacaila LC 10 lrnfP kms]6f Indian trout Raiamas bola LC 11 kms]6f Shacra Baril Barilius shacra LC 12 kms]6f÷uf]x Tileo Baril Barilius tileo LC 13 kms]6f Vagra Baril Barilius vagra LC 14 kms]6f÷kf]tL÷kmS6/ Barna Baril Barilius barna LC 15 u'8]/L÷kms]6f÷emf]emf] Hamilton’s Barila Barilius bendelisis LC 16 rfrn]÷kms]6f÷s/f]÷un/ Barred Baril Barilius barila LC 17 kf]yLÇ÷l;w|L Spotfin Swamp Barb Puntius sophore 18 r]KtL Cyprinion semiplotum 19 dxf;L/÷dxfz]/ Putitor Mahseer Tor putitora EN 20 ;x/ Tor Mahseer Tor tor DD 21 l;b|] Pethia ticto LC 22 s+8]÷elttL÷l;w|L Olive Barb Systomus sarana LC 23 l;b|]÷kf]yL Chola Barb/ Chola Puntius chola LC 24 kf]lyof l;b|] Pethia conchonius LC 25 /f]x'÷/x' rohita LC 26 uf]N8÷df/f Osteobrama cotio LC 27 ubL{÷/fx'÷syn]uL Kalabans dero LC 28 sn+r÷ub]{ Ghora Mach Labeo dyocheilus LC 29 s';f{÷u'bL{ Kuria Labeo Labeo gonius LC 30 aftf Minor Labeo bata LC 31 af]u÷lemNs] Boga Labeo Labeo boga LC 32 sjaf;'÷a;/xL Labeo Labeo calbasu LC 33 /f]O÷/x' Rohu Labeo caeruleus LC k7f/5QL÷/]jf÷s'a|]÷ 34 ru'gL÷vn];f÷sf]lzg' Medium Carp Chagunius chagunio LC 35 /]jf Reba Carp Cirrhinus reba LC 36 7]+8÷7}b Angra Labeo Labeo angra LC

A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 33 37 af]nf River minnow Raiamas bola LC 38 x/bf÷e]ugf÷s/{·] Morar Cabdio morar LC 39 hnsk'/÷6f]ltof/f Blotched Minow Raiamas guttatus LC 40 h]a|f÷;fgf] O{wfjf Zebra Fish Danio rerio 41 w]wfjf÷b/fO{ Slender Barb Rasbora daniconius 42 k7f/5QL River Stone Carp Psilorhynchus sucatio LC Oxygaster gora 43 LC b/fO{ ( Securicula gora) 44 b'nf{÷sf}GbL÷w'of{÷k]tkmf]/f Gangetic latia Tariqilabeo latius LC 45 g]KtL Danio dangila LC 46 lrtfxl/kf]yL÷leQL Devario devario LC 47 w]bfjf÷b/fO{ Flying Barb Esomus danrica LC 48 Glass Barb Pethia guganio 49 sTn] Copper Masheer Neolissochilus hexagonolepis 50 Annandale Garra Garra annandalei 51 r'Rr] c;nf Schizothoraichtys progastus Family: Psilorhynchidae 52 Balitora minnow Psilorhynchus balitora Family: Nemacheilidae gtjf÷ef]6L÷bfb]uf]ln÷ 53 alwnftf Sand Loach Paracanthocobitis botia 54 afu]÷kf6] u8]nf Zipper loach Acanthocobitis botia Family: Balitoridae 55 ef]6] u8]nf] Schistura rupecula LC 56 kft] uf]O/f÷sFr]lgof÷u8]nf Schistura beavani 57 u8]nf]÷uf/]Nnf Schistura devdevi Family: Cobitidae 58 al3 Yoyo Loach Botia almorhae LC Schizothoraichtys 59 Dinnawah Snowtrout r'Rr] c;nf progastus Lepidocephalichthys 60 Guntea Loach ntf÷gstf÷uf]Ogf guntea 61 5f8Lafd Pangia pangia 62 Canthophrys gongota Order: Siluriformes,Family: 63 a]nf}gL Menoda Hemibagrus menoda LC 64 t]Gu]{/÷sfF6L Striped Dwarf Catfish vittatus LC 65 sfF6L Long-Whiskered Catfish Sperata aor LC 66 t]+u|f Mystus bleekeri LC 67 sfF6L÷t]+u|f Giant River Catfish Sperata seenghala 68 l/tf÷rf]gf÷a]nf}Gbf Rita rita 69 nrjf÷knfjf÷h'+u]÷t]+u|f Gangetic Mystus LC Family: 70 katf÷rfr/÷rnL bimaculatus NT 71 af]x/L÷kbgL÷af/fxL÷a'xg Whiskered Catfish attu VU

34 A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park Family: Schilbeidae 72 k6f;L÷kt+uf÷;'q÷;q Gangetic ailia Ailia coila NT 73 Clupisoma garua 74 Eutropiichthys vacha Family: Pangasiidae 75 hnsk'/÷k6f;L pangasius pangasius Family: Amblycipitidae 76 lkRxL÷laGw/ Pangas Catfish Amblyceps mangois 77 u8]nf] Nemacheilus corica Family: 78 Giant Moth Catfish Erethistes pussillus 79 Erethistoides cavatura DD 80 sf]zL x/÷ltgsfgf÷bfQ/L hara 81 ltgs+ltyf÷lj:t't'Oof Painted Catfish ribeiroi 82 bGtfls/f Erethistoides Montana 83 ltgs+ltof÷bft/L÷ls/ls/] Pseudolaguvia kapuri Family: 84 t]nrk|] Torrent Catfish hodgarti 85 t]nrk|] telchitta nangra/ 86 sf]zL g+u|f÷a]km'gL nangra 87 x'8\bMg+u|f÷st]+hf Deccan nangra viridescens 88 serracula 89 lsls{/L÷l;+u k'Rx/] rheophilus DD 90 uf}r Devil Catfish bagarius LC 91 Sisor rabdophorus 92 Glyptothorax pectinopterus 93 94 95 Gagata sexualis Family: Clariidae 96 d'+u|L Walking Catfish Clarias batrachus Family: Heteropneustidae 97 Heteropneustes fossilis LC Order: Beloniformes,family: Hermiramphidae 98 Congaturi Halfbeak Hyporhamphus limbatus LC Family: Belonidae 99 ;'O÷sf}jf÷r'r] afd Xenentodon cancila LC Order: Perciformes,Family: Ambassidae 100 rg]/ lah'jf Indian Glassy fish lekhane Parambassis ranga Family: Badidae 101 k;f/L÷v];n]O{ Blue perch Badis badis Family: Nandidae 102 wnf÷wnfO{ Gangetic Leaffish Nandus nandus

A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 35 Order: Channidae 103 :g]sx]8 Barca barca DD 104 Spotted snakehead Channa punctata 105 Snakehead murrel Channa striata 106 Dwarf snakehead Channa gachua 107 Channa marulius Order: Mugiliformes, Family: Mugilidae 108 nlwof÷/]jf Yellowtail Mullet Minimugil cascasia 109 sf];'{nf Corsula Rhinomugil corsula Order: , Family: Osphronemidae 110 sq÷ef]6L Striped Gourami Trichogaster fasciata 111 bjfkm{ uf]p/dL Dwarf Gourami Trichogaster lalius Family: Anabantidae 112 sj} Anabas cobojius DD 113 sj} Climbing Perch Anabas testudineus LC Family: Osphronemidae 114 ;'g;]6uf]p/dL Polyacanthus sota Order: Synbranchiformes Family: Mastacembelidae 115 u}+rL One-stripe Spiny eel Macrognathus aral 116 r';L afd÷sfF8] afd Zig-zag Eel Mastacembelus armatus 117 sfy u}+rL Striped Spiny Eel Mastacembelus pancalus 118 Macrognathus aculeatu Order: Synbranchidae 119 Gangetic mudeel Monopterus cuchia Order: Osteoglossiformes Family: Notopteridae 120 Notopterus notopterus Order: Tetrodontiformes Family: Tetrodontidae 121 Tetraodon cutcutia

REFERENCES:

1. BCC, NTNC 2020: A Study of Fishes of the churia region: Faunal Biodiversity Assessment in Churia Region. 2. T.K. Shrestha (2008); A Study of Fishes of the Himalayan water: Ichthyology of Nepal. 3. J. Shrestha (1995); Enumeration of the Fishes of Nepal: Biodiversity Profile Project.

36 A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park BUTTERFLIES FOUND IN AND CHITWAN NATIONAL PARK

KEY TO THE CODES:

LC Least concern

VU Vulnerable

EN Endangered

CR Critically Endangered

DD Data Deficient

A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 37 S.N Common Name Scientific Name Conservation Status Order: , Family: 1 Angled Castor Ariadne ariadne DD 2 Angle Red Forester Lethe chandica DD 3 Autumn Leaf Doleschallia bisaltide DD 4 Bamboo Forester Lethe kansa DD 5 Bamboo Treebrown Lethe europa DD 6 Banded Treebrown Lethe confusa DD 7 Baronet Symphaedra nais DD 8 Blackvein Sergeant Athyma ranga DD 9 Blue Admiral Kaniska canace DD 10 Blue Glassy Tiger Ideopsis similis DD 11 Blue King Crow Euploea klugii DD 12 Blue Pansy Junonia orithya DD 13 Blue Tiger Tirumala limniace DD 14 Brown Argus Ypthima hyagriva DD 15 Chocolate Pansy Junonia iphita DD 16 Circe Hestinalis nama DD 17 Colour Sergeant Athyma nefte DD 18 Commander Limenitis procris DD 19 Common Baron Euthalia aconthea DD 20 Common Castor Ariadne merione DD 21 Common Crow DD 22 Common Duffer Discophora sondaica DD 23 Common Earl Tanaecia julii DD 24 Commo five-Ring ypthima baldus DD 25 Common Four-Ring Ypthima huebneri DD 26 Common Jester Symbrenthia lilaea DD 27 Common Lascar Pantoporia hordonia DD 28 Common Leopard Phalanta phalantha DD 29 Common Maplet Chersonesia risa DD 30 Common Map Cyrestis thyodamas DD 31 Common Nawab athamas DD

38 A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 32 Brown Onyx Horaga viola DD 33 Common Palmfly hypermnestra DD 34 Common Sailer Neptis hylas DD 35 Common Sergeant Athyma perius DD 36 Common Three-Ring Ypthima asterope DD 37 Common Treebrown Lethe rohria DD 38 Commodore Auzakia danava DD Dichorragia 39 Constable DD nesimachus 40 White-bar Bushbrown Mycalesis anaxias DD 41 Dark Evening Brown Melanitis phedima DD 42 Eastern Courtier Sephisa chandra DD 43 Tawny Rajah Charaxes benardus DD 44 Chestnut Tiger Parantica sita DD 45 French Duke Euthalia franciae DD 46 Glassy Tiger Parantica aglea DD 47 Great Eggfly Hypolimnas bolina DD 48 Great Evening Brown Melanitis zitenius gokala DD 49 Great Nawab Polyura eudamippus DD 50 Grey Count Cynitia lepidea DD 51 Grey Pansy Junonia atlites DD 52 Himalayan Sergeant Athyma opalina DD 53 Indian Fritillary Argyreus hyperbius DD 54 Indian Red Admiral Vanessa indica DD 55 Indian Tortoiseshel Aglais caschmirensis DD 56 Jungle Brown-Niggar Orsotriaena medus DD 57 Large Silverstripe Childrena childreni DD 58 Large Three-Ring Ypthima nareda DD 59 Lemon Pansy DD 60 Leopard Lacewing Cethosia cyane DD 61 Long-Brand Bushbrown Mycalesis visala DD 62 Orange Oakleaf Kallima inachus DD 63 Painted Courtesan Euripus consimilis DD

A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 39 64 Painted Lady Vanessa cardui DD 65 Peacock Pansy Junonia almana DD 66 Plain Sailer Neptis cartica DD 67 Plain Tiger Danaus chrysippus DD 68 Popinjay Stibochiona nicea DD 69 Powdered Baron Euthalia monina DD 70 Rustic Cupha erymanthis DD 71 Scarce Tawny Rajah Charaxes aristogiton DD Small Long-Brand 72 Mycalesis igilia- DD Bushbrown 73 Spotted Palmfly Elymnias malelas DD 74 Staff Sergeant Athyma selenophora DD 75 Striated Five-ring Ypthima striata DD 76 Striped Blue Crow Eupoea mulciber DD 77 Striped Tiger Danaus genutia DD 78 Tabby Pseudergolis wedah DD 79 Tawny Coster Acraea violae DD 80 Tiger Brown Orinoma damaris DD 81 Vagrant Vagrans sinha DD 82 Whitebar Bushbrown Mycalesis anaxias DD 83 White-Line Bushbrown Heteropsis malsara DD 84 White's Staff Sergeant Athyms whitel DD 85 Yellow Coster Acraea issoria DD 86 Yellow Pansy Junonia hierta DD 87 Yellow Tawny Rajah Charaxes marmax DD 88 Scarce Red Forester Lethe distans 89 Common Red Forester Lethe mekara Family: 90 Angled Pierrot Caleta decidia DD 91 Blue Imperial Ticherra acte DD 92 Bright Sunbeam Curetis bulis DD 93 Burmese Bushblue Arhopala birmana DD 94 Centaur Oakblue Arhopala centaurus DD

40 A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 95 Chocolate Royal DD 96 Common Blue Surendra quercetorum DD 97 Common Cerulean Jamides celeno DD 98 Common Ciliate Blue Anthene emolus DD 99 Common Flash Rapala nissa DD 100 Common Gem Poritia hewitsoni DD 101 Common Hadge Blue Acytolepsis puspa DD 102 Common Lineblue Prosotas nora DD 103 Common Pierrot Castalius rosimon DD 104 Dark Grass Blue Zizeeria karsandra DD 105 Dark Pierrot Tarucus ananda DD 106 Forget-me-not Catochrysops strabo DD 107 Gram Blue Euchrysops cnejus DD 108 Powdered Oakblue Arhopala bazalus DD 109 Hill Hadge Blue Celastrina argiolus DD 110 Himalayan Pierrot Tarucus venosus DD 111 Indian Cupid Everes lacturnus DD 112 Indigo Flash Rapala varuna DD 113 Large Guava Blue Virachola Perse DD 114 Lesser Grass Blue Zizina Otis DD 115 Lime Blue Chilades lajus DD 116 Long-Banded Silverline Spindasis lohita DD 117 Malayan Megisba malayan DD 118 Margined Hedge Blue Celatoxia marginata DD 119 Metallic Cerulean Jamides alecto DD 120 Orchid Tit Chliaria othona DD 121 Pale Grass Blue Pseudozizeeria maha DD 122 Pale Hedge Blue Udara dilecta DD 123 Pea Blue Lampides boeticus DD 124 Plain Hedge Blue Ceastrina lavendularis DD 125 Powdery Green Sapphire Heliophorus tamu DD 126 Purple Saphhire Heliophorus epicles DD 127 Scarce Shot Silverline Spindasis elima-Male DD

A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 41 128 Small Grass Jewel Freyeria Putli DD 129 Tailless Lineblue Prosotas dubiosa DD 130 Tiny Grass Blue Zizula hylax DD 131 Yamfly Loxura atymnus DD Family: Hesperiidae 132 Banana Erionota torus DD 133 Bangal Spotted Flat Celaenorrhinus putra DD 134 Beavan's Swift Borbo bevani DD 135 Bush Hopper Ampittia dioscorides DD 136 Chestnut Bob Iambrix salsala DD 137 Chinese Branded Swift Pelopidas sinensis DD 138 Chocolate Demon Ancistroides nigrita DD 139 Common Awl Hasora badra DD 140 Common Awlking-(Indian) Choaspes Benjamini DD 141 Common Banded Awl Hasora chromus DD 142 Common Dartlet gola gola DD 143 Common Grass Dart Taractrocera maevius DD 144 Common Red Eye Matapa aria DD 145 Common Small Flat Sarangesa purendra DD Celaenorrhinus 146 Common Spotted Flat DD leucocera 147 Continental Swift Parnara ganga DD 148 Giant Redeye Gangara thyrsis DD 149 Green Awlet Burara vasutana DD 150 Striped Hedge Hopper Baracus subditus DD 151 Himalayan White Flat Seseria dohertyi DD 152 Indian Palm Bob Suastus gremius DD 153 Indian Skipper Spialia galba DD 154 Large Branded Swift Pelopidas subochracea DD 155 Orange-tailed Awlet sena DD 156 Orange Awlet Burara jaina DD 157 Pygmy Scrub-hopper Aeromachus pygmaeus DD 158 Retricted Demon Notocrypta curvifascia DD 159 Small Palm Bob Suastus minutus DD

42 A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 160 Spotted Angle Caprona Agama DD 161 Spotted Snow Flat Tagiades menaka DD 162 Tree Flitter Hyarotis adrastus DD 163 Tricoloured Pied Flat DD 164 Veined Scrub Hopper Aeromachs stigmata DD 165 Snow Flat Tagiades parra DD 166 Indian Ace aucma DD Black Veined Branded 167 Matapa sasivarna DD Redeye 168 Buch Hopper Ampottia dioscorides DD Family: Papilionidae 169 Common Bluebottle Graphium sarpedon DD 170 Common Jay Graphium doson DD 171 Common Mime Papilio clytia DD 172 Common Bluebottle Graphium sarpendon DD 173 Golden Birdwing Troides aeacus DD 174 Great Mormon Papilio memnon DD 175 Lime Swallow-tail Papilio demoleus DD 176 Paris Peacock Papilio paris DD 177 Spangle Papilio protenor DD 178 Spot swordtail Graphium nomius DD 179 Tailed Jay Graphium agamemnon DD 180 Yellow Helen Papilio nephelus DD Family: 181 Bath White Pontia daplidice DD 182 Chocolate Albatross Appias lyncida DD 183 Common Emigrant Catopsilia pomona DD 184 Common Gull Cepora nerissa DD 185 Common Jezebel eucharis DD 186 Common Wanderer Pareronia hippia DD 187 Dark Clouded Yellow Colias fieldii DD 188 Great Orange Tip glaucippe DD 189 Indian Cabbage White Pieris canidia DD 190 Large Cabbage White Pieris brassicae DD

A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 43 191 Lesser Gull Cepora nadina DD 192 Mixed Punch Dodona ouida DD 193 Mottle Emigrant Catopsilia pyranthe DD 194 One-Spot Grass Yellow Eurema andersoni DD 195 Painted Jezebel Delias hypoarete DD 196 Psyche Leptosia nina DD 197 Red-Base Jezebel Delias pasithoe DD 198 Red-BreastJezebel DD 199 Yellow Jezebel Delias agostina DD 200 Three-spot Grass Yellow Eurema blanda DD 201 Tree Yellow Gandaca harina DD 202 Yellow Orange Tip DD Family: Riodinidae 203 Double-banded Abisara bifasciata DD 204 Punchinello Zemeros flegyas DD 205 Spot Judy Abisara chela DD Family: Satyridae 206 Common Evening Brown Melanitis leda DD

REFERENCES:

1. BCC, NTNC 2020: A Study of Butterflies of the chure region: Faunal Biodiversity Assessment in Churia Region. 2. Sondhi, S. & K.Kunte (2018). Butterflies and Moths of Pakke Tiger Reserve. Second Edition. Titli Trust (Dehradun), National Center for Biological Sciences (Bengaluru) & Indian Foundation for Butterflies (Bengaluru). VI+242pp. 3. Kehimkar, Isaac (2016): Butterflies of India. Bombay History Society, Mumbai.pp xii+528 4. S. Colin (1994): Butterflies of Nepal.

44 A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park MAJOR FLORAS FOUND IN AND AROUND CHITWAN NATIONAL PARK

This list presents the major flora found in and around Chitwan National Park (CNP), which might not represent overall flora diversity of CNP. Lots of research needs yet to be done to get detailed knowdge of flora diversity.

Key to the codes:

LC Least concern

VU Vulnerable

EN Endangered

CR Critically Endangered

DD Data Deficient

A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 45 Conservation SN Vernacular Name Botanical Name Habitat Status (IUCN) Gymnosperms Order: Cycadalaes, Family: Cycadaceae snan, yfsn, hfUu/ 1 afgf/fs nf7L -yf?_ Cycas pectinata Griff. VU Order: Gnetales, Family: Genetaceae 2 ef]6] nx/f Gnetum montanum Markgr. Shrub EN Order: Polypodiales, Family: Aspleniaceaae

3 ?v s'l/nf] Asplenium nidus L. Herb NT

Order: Cyatheales, Family: Cyatheaceae 4 ?v pGo", 5q] pGo' Cyathea spinulosa Wall.ex.Hook. Shrub NT Order: Equisetales,Family: Equisetaceae 5 kfgL cdnf Nephroplesis cordifolia (L.) Presl. Herb LC 6 ?v pGo' Oleandra wallichii (Hook.) Presl. Herb LC Order: Equisetales,Family: Equisetaceae 7 cfFvn] emf/ Equisetum debile Roxb.ex Vaucher. Herb NE Order: Schizaeales,Family: Lygodiaceae 8 nx/] pGo' Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw. Herb NE Order: Salvinales, Family: Marsileaceae 9 wfk pGo' Marsilea crenata Presl. Herb LC Order: Ophioglossales, Family: Ophioglossaceae 10 x/]{ emf/ Botrychium multifidum (Gmel.) Rupr. Herb DD 11 do'/ v'§] Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) Hooker. Herb LC 12 lha|] ;fu Ophioglossum petiolatum Hokker. Herb NE Order: Plypodiales, Family: Polypodiaceae 13 pGo' Drynaria molllis Bedd. Herb LC 14 ?v pGo' Drynaria propinqua (Wall.ex.Mett) J. Sm Herb LC Order: Polypodiales ,Family: Pteridaceae 15 sfg] pGo' Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Herb LC 16 /fgL l;Gsf Adiantum venustum D.Don. Herb NE Dennstaedtia appendiculata (Wall. 17 uf]7fn] pGo' Herb NE ex.Hook) J.Sm. 18 pGo' Pteris cretica L. Herb LC 19 ljif sf]r], ljif pGo' Pteris vitata L. Herb LC

46 A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park Order: Salvinales, Family: Salvinaceae 20 nfdv'§] pGo' Azolla imbricata (Roxb.) Nakai. Herb NE Order: Selaginellales, Family: Selaginellaceae 21 em\ofp Sellaginella monospora Spreng. Herb LC Order: , Family: 22 sGu/]tf] km"n Aechmanthera gossypina (Wall.) Nees Herb NE 23 sfnd]3 Andrographis paniculata (Burn.f.) Nees Shrub LC 24 ah|bGtL Barlerica prionies L. Herb LC 25 s6;/}of Barleria cristata L. Herb LC 26 jg pw]/f Barlerica strigosa Wild. Shrub LC 27 gLnf] c;'/f] ligustrinum (Vahl) Vollesen. Shrub LC 28 gLn uf7] pulchellum Andrews. Shrub LC 29 jgkfg Hemigraphis hirta ( Vahl) T. Anders. Herb LC

Aquatic 30 ld/fd/ emf/÷kfgL emf/ Hygrophila polysperma (Roxb.) T. Anders. LC Herb

31 c;'/f] Justicia adhatoda L. Shrub NE 32 rf/sf]8]F emf/ Justicia quinqueangularis Koenig ex Roxb Herb LC 33 jg s'/f]÷;]tf] km"nL Lepidagathis incurva buch-ham ex D.Don Herb LC 34 gLnf] la/fn'kft] emf/ Nelsonia canescens (lam)Spreng Herb NE 35 lkQkq Peristrophe bicalyculata (Retz.) Nees. Herb NE 36 r'jf km"n Phlogacanthus thrysiflorus (Roxb.) Nees. Tree LC 37 l;uf{g] nx/f Thunbergia coccinea Wall.ex D.Don. Prodr. Shrub NE 38 ;/f}bL Rungia parviflora (Retz.) Nees. Herb NE Order: Caryophyllales, Family: Aizoaceae 39 ;]tf] k'g/gjf Trianthema portulacastrum L. Herb NE Order: Caryophyllales , Family: Amaranthaceae 40 bltjg÷ckdfu{ Achyranthes aspera L. Herb NE 41 /ftf] bltjg Achyranthes bidentata Blume. Herb NE 42 a'O emf/ Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. Herb LC 43 cO{ltg af]6 Aerva sanguinolenta (L.) Blume. Herb LC Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) 44 lrKn] ;fu Herb NE Griseb 45 le+u|L emf/ Alternanthera sessilis (L.) DC Herb LC 46 n'+8] sfF8] Amaranthus spinosus L. Herb NE 47 n'+8] ;fu Amaranthus Viridis L. Herb NE

A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 47 Order: Sapindales, Family: Anacardiaceae 48 Kof/L Buchanania latifolia Roxb. Tree NE 49 xNn'8] Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. Tree NE 50 sfu]enfof] Rhus wallichii Hook. f Tree NE 51 enfof] Semecarpus anacardium L. f Tree NE 52 cd/f] Spondias pinnata (L. f.) Kurz Tree NE Order: Magnoliales, Family: Annonaceae 53 s/L sfF8f Miliusa tomentosa (Roxb.) Hook. F. & Thomson Tree NE Order: Apiales, Family: Apiaceae 54 3f]8 tfk|] Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Herb LC 55 ;fgf] 3f]8 tfk|] Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam Herb LC 56 t]h/fh Peucedanum nagpurense (C.B Clarke) Prain Herb EN 57 h·nL Hjfg' Seseli indicum Wight & Arn. Herb NE Order: , Family: 58 5tljg Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. Tree LC 59 :jf/Lkm"n Beaumontia grandiflora (Roxb.) Wall. Tree NE 60 s/f}+bf carandas L. Shrub NE 61 sfg]n Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold. Shrub NE 62 5f]o'{ Chonemorpha fragrans (Moon) Alston. Climber EN 63 b"w] lv/f{÷eft] lv/f]{ Holarrhena pubescens Wall.ex D,Don Tree LC 64 b"w] nx/f Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) R.Br. Climber NE 65 ;k{uGwf Rauolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz Shrub EN 66 ;k{afl;gL Rauolfia tetraphylla L. Shrub EN 67 ;nlsn÷bjf/L nx/f Trachelospermum lucidum (D.Don) K. Schum Climber NE 68 b"w] nx/f Vallaris solanacea (Roth) Kuntze Climber NE 69 /fgL lv/f{ Wrightia arborea (Dennst.) Mabb Tree NE Order: Gentianales, Family:Asclepiadaceae 70 /ftf] cfFs Calotropis acia Buch.-Ham. Shrub NE 71 cfFs Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. Shrub NE 72 ;]tf] cfFs Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand. Shrub NE 73 jg l;dL Ceropegia macrantha Wight. Climber LC 74 sfnf] zfvL Cryptolepis buchananii Roem. & Schult. Herb NE 75 b"w];fu Leptadenia reticulata (Retz.) Wight & Arn. Herb NE 76 cgf{l;{+w] nx/f Oxystelma esculentum (L.f). Sm. Climber LC

48 A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park Order: Acorales Family: Acoraceae 77 af]hf] Acorus L. Herb LC Order: Alismatales, Family: Araceae 78 ;k{sf] ds} Amorphophallus bulbifer ( Schoot) Blume. Herb NE 79 ;a{bf km"n Canna indica L. Herb NE 80 ss{nf]÷hn'sf] Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott. Herb LC 81 tf/f] Colocasia fallax Schott. Herb LC 82 df]/}of Lasia spinosa ( L.) Thwaites. Herb LC 83 jg sf]jL÷s'lDesf Pistia stratiotes L. Herb LC 84 dlg KnfG6 Pothos cathcartii Schott. Climber NE 85 7"nf] lkknf, sfg lrn'{ Scindapsus officinalis (Roxb.) Schott, Climber NE 86 ;k{sf] ds} Typhonium trilobatum (L.) Schott, Herb NE Order: , Family: 87 uf}/L a]+t Calamus acanthospathus Griff. Shrub NE 88 a]+t Calamus tenuis Roxb. Shrub LC 89 yfsn÷vhf}/L Phoenix humilis Royle ex Becc. & Hook. f Shrub LC 90 tf8L Phoenix sylvestris Roxb. Tree NE 91 kfNd 6«L Pinanga gracilis (Roxb.) Blume. Tree NE 92 kfNd Wallichia densiflora Mart. Shrub NE Order: Asparagales, Family: Asparagaceae 93 jg s'l/nf] Asparagus filicinus Buch.-Ham. Ex D.Don Herb DD 94 s'l/nf] Asparagus racemosus Willd., Herb NE Order: Polypodiales, Family : Aspidaceae 95 lgp/f] Dryopteris cochleata (D.Don) C.Chr Herb NE 96 sfnL lgp/f] Tectaria macrodonta (Fee) C. Chr. Herb NE 97 ljifsf]r] Thelypteris auriculata (J.Sm.) K.Iwats Herb NE 98 kfgL lgp/f] Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw. Herb LC 99 ?v lgp/f] Dryopteris sparsa (D.Don) O.Ktze. Herb LC 100 s8f lgp/f] Polystichum squarrosum (D.Don) Fee. Herb LC Order: , Family : 101 ;]tf] uGw]÷af]s] emf/ Ageratum conyzoides L. Herb NE 102 gLnf] uGw] Ageratum houstonianum Mill. Herb NE Sub- 103 ltt]kftL Artemisia dubia Wall. ex Besser NE Shrub Sub- 104 kftL Artemsia indica Wild. NE Shrub

A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 49 105 sfnf] s'/f] Bidens pilosa L. Herb NE

106 sfaf]{ 3fF; Blainvillea acmella (L.) Philipson, Herb NE

107 s's'/] 3fF; lacera (Burf. f.) DC. Herb NE 108 7"nf] d"nfkft]÷h·nL d"nf Blumea laciniata DC. Herb NE 109 sfF8] ufO{ltxf/] Blumea oxyodonta DC. Herb NE 110 tf]/LuGbf Blumeopsis flava (DC.) Gagnep. Herb NE 111 l5Gs] emf/ Centipeda minima (L.) A. Br. & Asch. Herb NE 112 y's emf/ Caesulia axillaris Roxb. Herb NE 113 ;]tf] jgdf/f Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob Herb NE 114 u}+8fsfF8] Cirsium arvense (L) Scop. Herb NE 115 ;nx emf/ Conyza japonica (Thunb.) Less. ex DC Herb NE 116 d"nfkft] Conyza leucantha (D. Don) Ludlow & Raven Herb NE 117 e[·/fh Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Herb NE 118 lyGsf], ;x;|a'6L Elephantopus scaber L. Herb NE 119 d"nfkft] Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. Herb NE 120 jgdf/f Eupatorium odoratum L. Herb NE 121 lrTnf+u] emf/ Galinsoga parviflora Cav. Herb NE 122 sfO{/f] emf/ affine D. Don Herb NE 123 af]s] emf/ Gnaphalium polycaulon Pers. Herb NE 124 ul7xf/] Inula cappa (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) DC Herb NE 125 sfFkft] Inula rubricaulis (DC.) C. B. Clarke. Herb NE 126 b"w] emf/, d"nLa"6L Ixeris polycephala Cass. Herb NE 127 ;fgf] d"nfkft] Launaea aspleniifolia (Willd.) Hook. f. Herb NE 128 hËnL uf]aL Launaea procumbens (Roxb.) Ramayya & Rajagopal, Herb NE 129 nx/] jgdf/f Mikania micrantha Kunth, Climber NE 130 kfltemf/ Parthenium hysterophorus L. Herb NE 131 clk|msg emf/ Sclerocarpus africanus Jacq. Herb NE 132 jg ;'kf/L Sphaeranthus senegalensis DC. Herb NE 133 d/]yL Spilanthes calva DC. Herb NE 134 kx]Fn] emf/ Synedrella nodiflora Gaertn. Herb NE 135 k'tnL emf/ Tridax procumbens L. Herb NE 136 em'/em'/], d/rfemf/ Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. Herb NE 137 e]F8] s'/f] Xanthium strumarium L. Herb NE

50 A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park Order: Lamiales, Family: Bignoniaceae 138 66]nf] Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz, Tree EN 139 s'a]/ afrf Stereospermum chelonoides (L. f.) DC. Tree NE 140 k8]/÷kf8/L Stereospermum personatum (Hassk.) Chatterjee Tree NE Order: , Family : Borages 141 s'/f] Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forssk. Herb NE 142 bq'· Ehretia acuminata (DC.) R. Br. Tree NE 143 xfQL ;'8]emf/ Heliotropium indicum L. Herb NE Order: Sapindales, Family: Burseraceae 144 baba] Garuga pinnata Roxb. Tree LC Order: Caryophyllales, Family: Cactaceae 145 l;pF8L÷dlw/f]sfF8f Opuntia monacantha (Willd.) Haw Shrub LC Order: , Family: Cannabaceae 146 ufFhf Cannabis sativa L. Herb NE Order: Brassicales, Family: Cleomaceae 147 h'·]km"n Cleome gynandra L. Herb NE 148 e'm;]ltn Cleome viscosa L. Herb NE Order: Brassicales, Family: 149 l;Knsfg Crateva unilocularis Buch.-Ham Tree NE Order: Caryophyllales, Family: Caryophyllaceae 150 d':sfg] Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. Herb NE 151 clehfnf] Drymaria diandra Blume. Herb NE Order: Cyperales, Family: 152 sfF; Saccharum spontaneum L. Herb LC Order: Celastrales, Family: Celastraceaea 153 vh'/ Celastrus paniculatus Willd. Herb NE 154 jg lrt' Euonymus hamiltonianus Wall. Shrub NE 155 lug]/L Reissantia arborea (Roxb.) H. Hara, Tree NE Order: , Family: Hypericaceae 156 o'l/nf] emf/ Hypericum japonicum Thunb. ex Murray Herb NE Order: Malpighiales, Family: 157 gfu]Zj/ ferrea L. Tree NE Order: Liliales, Family: Colochicaceae 158 g]kfnL s]jf/f Gloriosa superba L. Climber LC

A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 51 Order: Myrtales, Family: Combretacea 159 xfF8] Anogeissus latifolius(Roxb. ex DC.) Bedd. Tree NE 160 dlbgL Combretum roxburghii Spreng. Tree NE 161 dfntL Quisqualis indica L. Tree NE 162 ;fh Terminalia alata Heyne ex Roxb. Tree NE 163 a/f]{ Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Tree NE 164 x/f]{ Terminalia chebula Retz. Tree NE Order: Commelianales, Family: Commelinaceae 165 sfg] 3fF; Commelina benghalensis L. Herb LC 166 l;d sfg] Commelina diffusa Burm. f. Herb LC 167 sfg] emf/ Commelina paludosa Blume. Herb NE 168 sfg] Cyanotis cristata (L.) D. Don. Herb LC 169 lgufnf] ufef Murdannia japonica (Thunb.) Faden Herb NE 170 sfg] 3fF; Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan Herb NE 171 l;of d';n] Murdannia scapiflora (Roxb.) Royle. Herb NE Order: Solanales, Family: Convolvulaceae 172 ;d'Gb| km"n Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.) Boj. Climber NE 173 z+vk'ikL Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy, Climber NE 174 cfsfza]nL Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Climber NE 175 lbg3'DaL km"n Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L., Climber NE 176 chDa/L km"n Ipomoea carnea Jacq. Climber NE Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa (Mart. 177 j]z/d, e]xfo Climber NE ex Choisy) D. F. Austin, 178 lanfO{ sf08÷nx/] ;fu Ipomoea mauritiana Jacq. Climber NE 179 lg;f]w Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva Manso, Climber NE Order: Boraginales, Family: 180 a]xf]/L Cordia dichotoma Forster, Tree NE 181 wq'+u÷gfn;'/f Ehretia acuminata R.Br. Tree NE 182 bltGun Ehretia laevis Roxb. Tree NE Family: Cornaceae 183 nfl6sf7 Swida oblonga (Wall.) Sojak. Tree NE Order: Cucurbitales, Family: Cucurbitaccae 184 uf]n sfFqmL Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt, Climber NE 185 lzjln·L Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C. Jeffrey, Climber NE 186 jg s/]nf] Momordica charantia L. Climber NE

52 A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 187 d6\ofª\u|f sfFqmL Mukia maderaspatana (L.) Roem. Climber NE 188 jg sfs/L Solena heterophylla Climber NE Order: Poales, Family: Cyperaceae 189 em";] emf/ Bulbostylis barbata (Rottb.) C. B. Clarke. Herb NE 190 df]y] emf/ Cyperus corymbosus Rottb. Herb NE 191 df]y] Cyperus esculentus L. Herb NE 192 7"nf] df]y] Cyperus iria L. Herb NE 193 ;]tf] df]y] Cyperus niveus Retz. Herb NE 194 df]y] Cyperus rotundus L. Herb NE 195 gfuf/ df]y] Cyperus scariosus R. Br. Herb NE 196 km's]{ emf/ Eriophorum comosum (Wall.) Wall. ex C. B. Clarke. Herb NE 197 kfgL df]y] Fimbristylis falcata (Vahl) Kunth. Herb NE 198 Hjfg] emf/ Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl. Herb NE Order: Dilleniales, Family: Dilleniaceae 199 kfFr kmn Dillenia indica L. Tree NE 200 6f6/L, /fd kmn Dilenia pentagyna Roxb. Tree NE Order: Dioscoreales, Family: Dioscoreaceae 201 lu6\7f Dioscorea bulbifera L. Climber NE 202 Eofs'/ t?n Dioscorea deltoidea Wall. ex Griseb Climber VU 203 Kofs'gf÷ef/nf·f Dioscorea hispida Dennst. Climber NE Order: , Family: 204 ;fn Garten. Tree LC Order: Equisetales, Family: Equisetaceae 205 cfFVn] emf/ Equisetum debile Roxb.ex Vaucher. Herb NE Order: Malpighiales, Family: 206 cr{n Retz. Tree LC 207 sfnf] lanfpg] Antidesma acuminatum Wall Tree LC 208 sfnLsf7 octandra (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) A. R Tree LC 209 sfnf]af]u6L Baccaurea ramiflora Lour. Tree LC 210 ;fgf] g'g'l9sL retusa (Dennst.) Alston, Tree CR 211 ufof] Bridelia retusa (L.) Spreng., Tree LC 212 nx/]ufof] Bridelia stipularis (L.) Blume, Shrub NE 213 ?v ufof] Bridelia tomentosa Blume Tree LC 214 kft] cdnf Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels, Herb NE 215 e'OF cdnf Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn. Herb NE A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 53 216 cdnf emf/ Phyllanthus debilis Herb NE 217 cdnf Phyllanthus emblica L. Tree NE Order: Malpighiales, Family: 218 chokfn, h·nL cFl8/ montanum (Willd.) Mull. Arg., Tree NE 219 jg t'n;L Croton bonplandianus Baill. Herb NE 220 b"w] emf/ Euphorbia hirta L. Herb NE 221 dfntf Macaranga denticulata (Blume) Mull. Arg., Tree NE 222 l;Gb"/] philippensis (Lam.) Mull. Arg., Tree NE 223 /f]lxgL Mallotus tetracoccus (Roxb.) Kurz, Tree NE 224 cFl8/ Ricinus communs L. Tree NE 225 e]Nn/÷u'6]n Trewia nudiflora L. Tree NE Order: , Family: 226 /ftLu]8L Abrus precatorius L. Climber NE 227 cfFvLu]8L Abrus pulchellus Wall. ex Thwaites, Climber NE 228 vo/ Acacia catechu (L. f.) Willd. Tree NE 229 c/l/ sfF8f Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. Tree NE 230 l;sfsfO{ Acacia rugata (Lam.) Voigt, Tree NE 231 sfnf] lz/Lif chinensis (Osbeck) Merr Tree NE 232 lz/Lif Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth., Tree NE 233 k8\s] lz/Lif Albizia llucidor (Steud.) I. Nielson ex H. Hara, Tree NE 234 ;]tf] lz/Lif Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. Tree NE 235 6fFsL Bauhinia malabarica Roxb. Tree LC 236 sf]O/fnf] Bauhinia purpurea L. Tree LC 237 ef]nf{ Bauhinia vahlii Wight & Arn. Climber NE 238 e'h]qf]÷e'n]qf] Butea minor Buch.-Ham. ex Baker, Shrub NE 239 knfF; Butea monosperma (Lam.) Kuntze Tree NE 240 u}+8] sfF8f, e}+;] sfF8f Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. Shrub NE 241 c/]nL sfF8f nx/f Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston. Shrub NE 242 e}+;] sfF8f Caesalpinia cucullata Roxb. Shrub NE 243 /fhj[If Cassia fistula L. Tree NE 244 7"nf] tfk|] Cassia occidentalis L. Herb NE 245 tfk|] Cassia tora L. Herb NE 246 ck/flhtf Clitoria ternatea L. Herb NE 247 ;lt;fn Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Tree VU

54 A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 248 l;;f} Dalbergia sissoo Roxb ex DC. Tree NE 249 u'ndf]x/ Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. Tree LC 250 8]/L Derris elliptica Wall. Tree NE 251 e6\6] 3fF; Flemingia chappar Buch.-Ham. ex Benth. Herb NE 252 e6\df;] 3fF; Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Merr. Herb NE 253 ;flvg' Indigofera atropurpurea Buch.-Ham. ex Hornem. Herb NE 554 km";]{ 3fF; Indigofera dosua Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Herb NE 255 ufphf] Millettia extensa (Benth.) Baker, Herb NE 256 nHhfjtL pudica L. Herb NE 257 sfp;f] Mucuna nigricans (Lour.) Steud. Herb NE 258 ljho ;fn Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Tree VU 259 czf]s Saraca asoca (Roxb.) de Wilde. Tree NE 260 b]a|] nx/f Spatholobus parviflorus (Roxb.) Kuntze, Climber LC Order: Lamiales, Family: Lamiaceae 261 n]?O{ emfuL Acrocephalus indicus (Burm. f.) Kuntze Herb NE 262 3';{'n Colebrookea oppositifoila Sm. Herb NE 263 h·nL l;dn Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Herb NE 264 jg t'n;L Ocimum basilicum L. Herb NE Pogostemon benghalensis (Burm. f.) 265 ?lwnf] Herb NE Kuntze, ; Rev. Gen. 266 RofGb|f] emf/ Rabdosia coetsa (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) H. Hara. Herb NE 267 k'lbgf Mentha spicata L. Herb NE 268 eLdkftL emf/ Rabdosia ternifolia (D. Don) Hara. Herb NE Order: Laurales, Family: Lauraceae 269 emfqmL sf7 Actinodaphne angustifolia Nees. Tree NE 270 t]hkft Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) Nees & Eberm. Tree NE 271 s'6\d]/f] Litsea monopetala (Roxb.) Pers. Tree NE 272 dflxnf] sfpnf] Persea duthiei (King ex Hook. f.) Kosterm. Tree NE 273 sf7] sfpnf] Persea gamblei (King ex Hook. f.) Kosterm Tree NE 274 sfpnf] Persea villosa (Roxb.) Kosterm. Tree NE Order: Myrtales. Family: Lythraceae 275 cDaf/ Ammannia baccifera L Tree LC 276 af]6w}/f] parviflora Roxb. Tree NE 277 wfO/f] Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz. Tree LC

A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 55 Order: Magnoliales, Family: Magnoliaceae 278 rfFk Michelia champaca L. Tree NE 279 cf}n]rfFk Michelia velutina DC. Tree NE Order: Malvales, Family: 280 jgskf; crinitus Wall., Shrub NE 281 s:t'/L Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. Shrub NE 282 l;dn ceiba L. Tree NE 283 s'b|'d Hibiscus cannabinus L. Shrub NE 284 /Qmk"ikL Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Shrub NE 285 kmf];f{ Grewia optivaJ. R. Drumm. ex Burret. Tree NE 286 km;f{ Helicteres isora L. Tree NE 287 af]x/L÷k'lnof Kydia calycina Roxb. Tree NE 288 afx|df;] emf/ Malva parviflora L. Herb NE 289 an' emf/ Sida cordifolia L. Herb NE 290 7"nf] an' Sida rhombifolia L. Herb NE 291 jgskf; Thespesia lampas (Cav.) Dalzell & Gibson Shrub NE 292 gfn' s'/f] Urena lobata L. Herb NE Order: Myrtales, Family: Melastomaceae 293 c·]/L Melastoma melabathricum L. Shrub NE 295 sfnf] c·]/L Osbeckia chinensis L. Shrub NE Order: Sapindales, Family: Meliaceae 296 gLd Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Tree NE 297 k}/]tL Cipadessa baccifera (Roth) Miq. Tree NE 298 as}gf] Melia azedarach L. Tree NE 299 6'gL Toona ciliata M. Roem Tree LC Order: Ranunculales, Family: Menispermaceae 300 lrNnf] aft'nfkt] Cissampelos pareira L. Climber NE 301 kLkn kft] Pericampylus glaucus (Lam.) Merr., Climber NE 302 af6'n] kft Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers, Climber NE 303 ?v sfg] Tiliacora acuminata (Lam.) Hook. f. & Thomson, Climber NE 304 u'hf]{ Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Hook. f. & Thoms. Climber NE 305 u'h/ufgf] Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) Merr., Climber NE Order: Rosales, Family: 306 a8x/ Artocarpus lakoocha Wall.ex. Roxb. Tree NE

56 A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 307 lgdf/f] auriculata Lour. Tree NE 308 a/ Ficus benghalensis L. Tree NE 309 ;dL Ficus benjamina L. Tree NE 310 /a/ KnfG6 Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. Tree NE 311 v;|]tf] Ficus hirta Vahl, Tree NE 312 8'd|L Ficus hispida L. Tree NE 313 sfe|f] Ficus lacor Buch.-Ham., Tree NE 314 8'd/L Ficus racemosa L. Tree NE 315 kLkn Ficus religiosa L. Tree NE 316 vgfof] Ficus semicordata Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. Tree NE 317 lsDa' Morus australis Poir. Tree NE 318 vfS;L Streblus asper Lour. Tree NE Order: Ericales, Family: Primulaceae 319 bdfO{ kmn Ardisia solanacea Roxb., Tree NE 320 lanfpg] Maesa chisia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don. Shrub NE 321 ef]u6] sf7 Maesa macrophylla (Wall.) A. DC. Shrub NE 322 lsl/D3fgf kmn Maesa montana A. DC. Shrub NE 323 ;]tf] sf7, bd}sf7 Myrsine capitellata Wall. Tree NE 324 sfnLsf7 Myrsine semiserrata Wall. Tree NE Order: Myrtales, Family: Myrtaceae 325 Sod'gf Cleistocalyx operculatus (Roxb.) Merr. & Perry. Tree NE 326 hfd'g Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Tree NE 327 u'nfa hfd'g Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston, Tree NE Order: Lamiales, Family: 328 rd]nL km"n Jasminum arborescens Roxb. Climber NE 329 h'xL km"n Jasminum auriculatum Vahl, Climber NE 330 a]nL km"n Jasminum multiflorum (Burm. f.) Andrews, Climber NE 331 jg hfO{ km"n Jasminum nepalense Spreng., Climber NE 332 slgs] km"n Ligustrum confusum Decne. Shrub NE 333 kfl/hft Nyctanthes arbortristis L. Tree NE 334 sfnf] slgs] Olea dioica Roxb. Shrub NE 335 l;l/·] Osmanthus fragrans Lour. Shrub NE Order: Oxalidales, Family: Oxalidaceae 336 nlhof em\ofª Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC., Herb NE

A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 57 337 r/L cldnf] Oxalic corniculata L. Herb NE 338 7"nf] r/L cldnf] Oxalis latifolia Humb. Herb NE Order: Piperales, Family: Piperaceae 339 a'9f] lkknf Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth, Herb NE 340 lkknf Piper longum L. Climber NE Order: Lamiales, Family: Plantaginaceae 341 O;auf]n emf/ Plantago erosa Wall. Herb NE Order: Poales, Family: Poaceae 342 7"nf] g/s6 Arundo donax L. Shrub LC 343 km's]{ v/ Arundinella nepalensis Trin. Herb LC 344 ds} aG;f] Axonopus compressus (Swartz) Beauvois Herb LC Woddy 345 d'uL afF; alamii Stapleton. NE Herb Woddy 346 efn' afF; Bambusa balcooa Roxb. NE Herb Woddy 347 sfF8] afF; Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss. NE Herb Woddy 348 tf? afF;÷slr{ afF; Bambusa tulda Roxb. NE Herb 349 aG;f] Brachiaria kurzii (Hook. f.) A. Camus, Herb LC 350 s'/f] 3fF; Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz.) Trin. Herb LC 351 b"af] Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Herb LC 352 s'z Desmostachya bipinnata (L.) Stapf Herb LC 353 3f]8] b"af] Hemarthria compressa (L.f.) R. Br. Herb LC 354 l;? cylindrica (L.) Beauvois Herb LC 355 cf]6] aG;f] Oplismenus burmannii (Retz.) Beauvois Herb LC 356 dl;gf] gs{6 Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin. ex Steudel Herb LC 357 a?jf Saccharum benghalense Retz. Herb LC 358 98\8L Themeda arundinacea (Roxb.) Ridley Herb LC 359 v8fO Themeda villosa (Poir.) A. Camus. Herb LC 360 clDn;f] Thysanolaena maxima (Roxb.) Kuntze. Herb LC Order: Ericales, Family: Primulaceae 361 s[i0fsnL 3fF; Anagallis arvensis L. Herb NE Order: Ranunculales, Family: Ranunculaceae 362 /fg;fu÷drf{ emf/ Clematis acuminata DC., Climber NE 363 sfnf] hL/f Nigella sativa L. Herb NE Order: Rosales, Family: 364 atf;L Gouania leptostachya DC. Shrub NE

58 A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 365 xfF8] ao/ incurva Roxb., Tree NE 366 ao/ Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. Tree NE 367 b]zL ao/ Ziziphus nummularia (Burm. f.) Wight & Arn Tree NE 368 lbjf/L Ziziphus rugosa Lam. Tree NE Order Rosales, Family: Rosaceae 369 e]/f s'/f] Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. Shrub NE 370 P;]n' Rubus ellipticus Sm. Shrub NE Order: Gentianales, Family: Adina cordifolia (Willd. ex Roxb.) Benth. 371 s/d Tree NE & Hook. f. ex Brandis, 372 sbd Anthocephalus chinensis (Lam.) A. Rich. ex Walp. Tree NE 373 h·nL skmL benghalensis Heyne ex Roem. & Schult., Shrub LC 374 d}gsfF8f Xeromphis spinosa (Thunb.) Keay. Shrub NE 375 lk8f/ Xeromphis uliginosa (Retz.) Maheshw. Tree NE Order: Sapindales, Family: Rutaceae 376 a]n Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa, Tree NE 377 s8L kQf÷c;f/] Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng., Shrub NE 378 sfldgL km"n Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack, Shrub NE Order: Dipsacales, Family: Sambucaceae 379 3f]8v/L Viburnum colebrookianum Wall. ex DC., Shrub NE 380 c;f/] Viburnum erubescens Wall. ex DC., Shrub NE Order Santalales, Family: Santalaceae 381 g"gfl9sL Osyris wightiana Wall. ex Wight, Tree NE 382 rGbg L. Tree VU 383 x8r"/ Viscum album L. Tree NE Order: Lamiales, Family: Sapindaceae 384 l/¶f Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. Tree NE 385 s';'d Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken. Tree NE Order: Liliales, Family: Schrophulariaceae 386 eLd;]g kftL asiatica Herb NE Order: Liliales, Family: Smilacaceae 387 s's'/ 8fOgf] Smilax aspera L. Climber NE Order: Solanales, Family: Solanaceae 388 h·nL v';f{gL Capsicum annuum L. Herb NE 389 sfnf] wt'/f] Datura metel L. Herb NE 390 ;]tf] wt'/f] Datura stramonium L. Herb NE 391 laxL Solanum anguivi Lam. Herb NE A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 59 392 sfnL u]8L Solanum nigrum L. Herb NE 393 sG6sf/L Solanum surattense Burm.f. Herb NE 394 7"nf] laxL Solanum torvum Sw. Shrub NE Order: Malvales, Family: Malvaceae 395 v;|f] an' emf/ Corchorus aestuans L. Herb NE 396 va'{hf Grewia helicterifolia Wall. ex G. Don climber NE 397 km;f{ Grewia sapida Roxb. ex DC. Shrub NE 398 bfkm]/ kmfN;f Grewia subinaequalis DC. Shrub NE Order: Poales, Family: Typhaceae 399 k6]/ Typha angustifolia L. Herb LC Order: Rosales, Family: Urticaceae 400 l;:g' Urtica dioica L. Herb NE Order: Lamiales, Family: Lamiaceae 401 u'/]g Callicarpa arborea Roxb. Shrub NE 402 bx}rfdfnf÷bxL sdnf Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl. Shrub NE 403 wfuf] km"n Clerodendrum japonicum (Thunb.) Sweet, Shrub NE 404 ef6L Clerodendrum viscosum Vent. Shrub NE 405 vdf/L Gmelina arborea Roxb. Tree NE 406 lug]/L Premna barbata Wall. ex Schauer, Shrub NE 407 l;dfnL Vitex negundo L. Shrub NE Order: Lamiales, Family: Verbenaceae 408 gLn sfF8f Duranta repens L. Shrub NE 409 sf8] jgdf/f camara L. Shrub NE 410 e'Fcf]s/f Lippia nodiflora (L.) Rich. Shrub NE Order: Vitales, Family: Vitaceae Ampelocissus divaricata (Wall. ex M. A. 411 k'/]gL Climber NE Lawson) Planch., 412 s/f}Ghf Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin, Climber NE 413 rr{/] Cissus repens Lam. Climber NE 414 jg cª\u'/ Vitis lanata Roxb. Climber NE Order: Poales, Family: Xyridaceae 415 jga"6L Xyris pauciflora Willd Herb LC Order: Zingiberales, Family: Zingiberaceae 416 r?Dkmf Alpinia allughas (Retz.) Roscoe, Herb NE 417 ;]tf] af]hf] Alpinia bracteata Roxb., Herb NE 418 a]nf}/L Costus speciosus (Koenig) Sm. Herb NE 419 jg xn]bf] Curcuma aromatica Salisb. Herb NE 420 b]aL ;/f] Globba clarkei Baker. Herb NE 421 jg a];f/ Globba racemosa Sm. Herb NE 422 ;]tf] ;/f] Hedychium spicatum Sm. Herb NE

60 A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park REFERENCES: 1. BCC, NTNC. 2019, Major plants List of Chitwan National Park. A Nature Guide Training report to Biodiversity Conservation Center, National Trust for Nature Conservation. 2. Sharma, B.K. (2014): Bioresources of Nepal. Subidhya Sharma, Kathmandu, Nepal Pp.819. 3. D.R. Dangol, G.P. Shivakoti, Diversity of western Chitwan Floristic Approach. J Nat Hist Mus. 2001; 20:129-147.

A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 61 PROTECTED AREA OF NEPAL

S.N. Name Area Buffer Zone Area NATIONAL PARKS (NP) 1. Chitwan NP 952.63 Km2 729.37 Km2 2. Parsa NP 667 Km2 285.30 Km2 3. Banke NP 550 Km2 343 Km2 4. Bardia NP 968 Km2 507 Km2 5. Shuklaphata NP 305 Km2 243.5 Km2 6. Sagarmatha NP 1148 Km2 275 Km2 7. Langtang NP 1710 Km2 420 Km2 8. Rara NP 106 Km2 198 Km2 9. Shey-Phoksundo NP 3555 Km2 1349 Km2 10. Khaptad NP 225 Km2 216 Km2 11. Makalu Barun NP 1500 Km2 830 Km2 12. Shivapuri Nagarjun NP 159 Km2 118.61 Km2 WILDLIFE RESERVES 1. Koshitappu Wildlife Reserve 175 Km2 173 Km2 HUNTING RESERVES 1. Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve 1325 Km2 CONSERVATION AREAS (CA) 1. Annapurna CA 7629 Km2 2. Manaslu CA 1663 Km2 3. Gaurishankar CA 2179 Km2 4. Kanchenjunga CA 2035 Km2 5. Apinampa CA 1903 Km2 6. Blackbuck CA 15.95 Km2

62 A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park 63 Biodiversity of Chitwan National Park (CNP). Found in Species Found in Nepal CNP Mammals 212 75 Birds 886 642 Reptiles/Amphibians 240 56 Fish 230 121 Butterfly 660 206 Flora 11971 421

64 A CheckList of Fauna and Flora in and around Chitwan National Park