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Bignoniaceae-Rubiaceae SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY NUMBER 81 Flora of Micronesia, 5: Bignoniaceae-Rubiaceae F. Raymond Fosberg, Marie-Helene Sachet and Royce L. Oliver SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS Washington, D.C. 1993 ABSTRACT Fosberg, F. Raymond, Marie-Helene Sachet, and Royce L. Oliver. Flora of Micronesia, 5: Bignoniaceae-Rubiaceae. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, number 8 1, 135 pages, 1 figure, 1993.-The fifth installment of the Flora of Micronesia includes a brief introduction with acknowledgments and references to previously published parts of the flora. A floristic taxonomic account of the Bignoniaceae, Pedaliaceae, Gesneriaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Acanth- aceae, Myoporaceae, Plantaginaceae, and Rubiaceae of Micronesia is given with descriptions, keys, synonymy, ethnobotany (including vernacular names and uses), and citations of geographic records and herbarium specimens. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution’s annual report, Smirhsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: Leaf clearing from the katsura tree Cercidiphyllum japonicum Siebold and Zuccarini. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publications Data (Revised for volume 5) Fosberg, F. Raymond (Francis Raymond), 1908- . Flora of Micronesia [by] F. Raymond Fosberg and Marie-Helene Sachet. (Smithsonian contributions to botany, no. 20, 24,36,46, 81) Vol. 5 includes Royce L. Oliver as another coauthor. Vol. 5 published by: Washington, D.C. : Smithsonian Institution Press. Includes bibliography. Contents: 1. Gymnospenae. 2. Casuarinaceae, Piperaceae, and Myricaceae. 3. Convovulaceae. 5. Bignoniaceae- Rubiaceae. Supt.of Docs.no.: SI 1.29:20 (v. 1) 1. Botany-Micronesia. 2. Ethnobotany-Micronesia. I. Sachet, Marie-Helene, joint author. 11. Smithsonian con- tributions to botany ; no. 20. etc. 111. Title. QKLS2747 no. 20, etc. 581 s 581.9965 74-11316 [QK473.M5] @ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials 239.48-1984. Contents Page Introduction ........................................ 1 BIGNONIACEAE....................................... 4 Synonyms and Misapplied Names of Bignoniaceae ..................14 PEDALIACEAE....................................... 15 GESNERIACEAE...................................... 15 LENTIBULARIACEAE................................... 19 ACANTHACEAE...................................... 21 Synonyms and Misapplied Names of Acanthaceae ..................42 MYOPORACEAE...................................... 42 PLANTAGINACEAE.................................... 43 RUBIACEAE........................................ 44 Synonyms and Misapplied Names of Rubiaceae ................... 132 iii Flora of Micronesia, 5: Bignoniaceae-Rubiaceae F. Raymond Fosberg, Marie-HeleneSache t, and Royce L. Oliver Introduction 1981. These are in parentheses after the collection numbers, or, The fifth installment of the Flora of Micronesia treats eight lacking numbers, the dates. The abbreviations “s. l,,” “s. coll.,” families in the Engler system from the Bignoniaceae through and “s. n.” are used to indicate lack of collection locality, the Rubiaceae. Of the families treated here, two, Pedaliaceae collector’s name, or collector’s number, respectively. We wish and Plantaginaceae, are entirely introduced, 1 species each. to thank again, the authorities of the various herbaria where we Bignoniaceae are represented by 16 genera, all introduced have studied or borrowed material, for the privilege of using ornamentals, except one native species; Gesneriaceae by 4 their collections and for their hospitality. genera, one native with 3 endemic species, and 3 introduced As mentioned in the first installment, we cannot list all of the ornamental genera with one or two species each; Lentibulari- many persons who have helped us in the field, the herbaria, and aceae with a single genus in Micronesia with 4 probably native in the office, and who have sent us specimens and information. but widespread species; Acanthaceae with 14 genera, five of We must, however, express our special appreciation to Mrs. them with one or more native species, all but one of them also Lenore Smith for typing first drafts of most of the manuscript with ornamental or weedy species; Myoporaceae with one from difficult handwritten copy, on a strictly volunteer basis. genus in Micronesia with a native but not endemic species; and The untimely death of one of us, Dr. Sachet, in the middle of Rubiaceae with 28 genera, 21 native, seven introduced, 17 preparation of this installment, has slowed down the appear- exotic species, and many native, mostly endemic taxa. ance of the work, and lowered the precision of references and This installment follows essentially the format of the first proof-reading very seriously, though we have tried to live up to her standards best we could. four (Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 20,24, 36, and 46). as We must acknowledge indebtedness for taxonomic help Further and more complete bibliographic detail may be found from the monumental Flora Malesiana, of Professor C.G.G.J. in Sachet and Fosberg, Island Bibliographies (1955) and its van Steenis, and from many revisions and monographs of supplement (1971), with annotations and a complete list of difficult groups published in the journal Blumea under his serial abbreviations. editorship. We also have continued to benefit from the For details of the history and circumstances of the present bibliographic work of Mrs. M.-J. van Steenis-Kruseman and Flora of Micronesia, as well as an explanation of its scope and William Steam (1954), F.A. Stafleu (1967), F.A. Stafleu and arrangement, reference may be made to the introductory pages T. R.S. Cowan (1976 et seq.), and also the Flora Malesiana of the first installment. Bulletin. In these works exact dates of publication of a great In specimen citations, the collector’s name and number are many works are established, interpreted, or clarified. Alwyn italicized and the herbaria where they are deposited are Dr. Gentry kindly looked over the manuscript of Bignoniaceae and indicated only if the specimen has been examined by the made valuable suggestions. authors. Herbarium symbols are according to the 7th edition of Besides our own field work, the greater part of our Index Herbariorum, Part I, compiled by Holmgren and Keuken, information on the morphology, occurrence, distribution, and ethnobotany has come from herbarium specimens and their F. Raymond Fosberg, Marie-Helene Sachet (deceased), and Royce L. labels. Too seldom is appreciation expressed to the numerous Oliver, Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, collectors who have provided this vast store of data for use by Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560 their successors. We are glad to offer our thanks to them. 1 I 1 I I I 130' 135' 140' 145' 150' 30' 0 100 200 Statute Miles b 300 400 500 RYUKYU * I I I I I 1 BONIN 30kinaw a-jima Haha -jimd 1 SLA N 0s (' Da i t6- j i ma Kito-io-jima. ISLANDS 2S0 two Jima, VOLCANO ISLANDS / - / -Minomi-ia- jimo-- c Marcus.. f / Parece Vela Uracos 200 apaug / Asuncion / *, Ag r i g a n MARIANAS / / / Saipan 15' I Tin i a n?: i PHILIPPINE I #Rota #Guam / ISLANDS Santa Rosa Reef isornor7 / / 8M indonao I I I550 I so0 165' I700 I750 180' 3 0' FIGURE1 .-Micronesia. 25' 2 00 \ 15' JPokak I I I I I I 100 I I I I I 50 I ! Kopingamarangi Aran u ka I 00 .Nauru Non ou ti:, Banaba- Beru \ (Oc ?an) Tabiteueah * -z-- --- onotoaI Nikunaul ---- -- -- Tamana'-- --Aroroi I SOLOMON ELLICE 5O ISLANDS 165' 170' 1750% ,, I800 I I 1 ..- I 4 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY In the paragraph headed “Uses” under the various species, called pseudostipules; inflorescence cymose or racemose, we have, where the material was not too verbose, copied more rarely much reduced and then borne on trunk or larger or less verbatim from field labels, field notes, published articles branches; calyx gamosepalous; corolla gamopetalous, usually and books, but have used quotation marks only where they zygomorphic and bilabiate, usually 5-lobed, lobes usually seem useful to clarify the source of the information. The imbricate in bud; stamens usually 4 with one staminode, sources are always provided, except in cases where the inserted on corolla, rarely 2, with or without 3 staminodes, information is from our own personal knowledge. anthers usually 2-celled, the cells often one above the other; Vernacular names are copied exactly from published ovary superior, 1- or usually 2-celled, placentation mile or, in sources, herbarium labels, and field notes, as we realize that unilocular ovaries, parietal, style 1, stigma bilobed; fruit a many are different renderings of the same names, as heard by 2-valved capsule or indehiscent, then large and fleshy or hard people of different linguistic backgrounds and experience. This with fleshy pulp; seeds often winged. necessesarily results in more repetition. Sources are always A large, mostly tropical family with many ornamental given, and specimens cited where possible, but the interpreta- cultivated genera. tion is left to the reader, who may understand such things better The climbing genera are taxonomically difficult, some of than we can. them based on what seem to be very inconsequential or inconstant characters. Possibly too many genera are main- tained. We are not prepared to rearrange them, however, and BICNONIACEAE are generally following the identifications by Dr. Alwyn Trees, shrubs, and lianas, rarely herbaceous;
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