Alphabetical Lists of the Vascular Plant Families with Their Phylogenetic
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Toward a Resolution of Campanulid Phylogeny, with Special Reference to the Placement of Dipsacales
TAXON 57 (1) • February 2008: 53–65 Winkworth & al. • Campanulid phylogeny MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS Toward a resolution of Campanulid phylogeny, with special reference to the placement of Dipsacales Richard C. Winkworth1,2, Johannes Lundberg3 & Michael J. Donoghue4 1 Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 11461–CEP 05422-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. [email protected] (author for correspondence) 2 Current address: School of Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences, University of the South Pacific, Private Bag, Laucala Campus, Suva, Fiji 3 Department of Phanerogamic Botany, The Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden 4 Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology and Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, P.O. Box 208106, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8106, U.S.A. Broad-scale phylogenetic analyses of the angiosperms and of the Asteridae have failed to confidently resolve relationships among the major lineages of the campanulid Asteridae (i.e., the euasterid II of APG II, 2003). To address this problem we assembled presently available sequences for a core set of 50 taxa, representing the diver- sity of the four largest lineages (Apiales, Aquifoliales, Asterales, Dipsacales) as well as the smaller “unplaced” groups (e.g., Bruniaceae, Paracryphiaceae, Columelliaceae). We constructed four data matrices for phylogenetic analysis: a chloroplast coding matrix (atpB, matK, ndhF, rbcL), a chloroplast non-coding matrix (rps16 intron, trnT-F region, trnV-atpE IGS), a combined chloroplast dataset (all seven chloroplast regions), and a combined genome matrix (seven chloroplast regions plus 18S and 26S rDNA). Bayesian analyses of these datasets using mixed substitution models produced often well-resolved and supported trees. -
Towards an Understanding of the Evolution of Violaceae from an Anatomical and Morphological Perspective Saul Ernesto Hoyos University of Missouri-St
University of Missouri, St. Louis IRL @ UMSL Theses Graduate Works 8-7-2011 Towards an understanding of the evolution of Violaceae from an anatomical and morphological perspective Saul Ernesto Hoyos University of Missouri-St. Louis, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://irl.umsl.edu/thesis Recommended Citation Hoyos, Saul Ernesto, "Towards an understanding of the evolution of Violaceae from an anatomical and morphological perspective" (2011). Theses. 50. http://irl.umsl.edu/thesis/50 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Works at IRL @ UMSL. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of IRL @ UMSL. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Saul E. Hoyos Gomez MSc. Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, University of Missouri-Saint Louis, 2011 Thesis Submitted to The Graduate School at the University of Missouri – St. Louis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science July 2011 Advisory Committee Peter Stevens, Ph.D. Chairperson Peter Jorgensen, Ph.D. Richard Keating, Ph.D. TOWARDS AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE BASAL EVOLUTION OF VIOLACEAE FROM AN ANATOMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE Saul Hoyos Introduction The violet family, Violaceae, are predominantly tropical and contains 23 genera and upwards of 900 species (Feng 2005, Tukuoka 2008, Wahlert and Ballard 2010 in press). The family is monophyletic (Feng 2005, Tukuoka 2008, Wahlert & Ballard 2010 in press), even though phylogenetic relationships within Violaceae are still unclear (Feng 2005, Tukuoka 2008). The family embrace a great diversity of vegetative and floral morphologies. Members are herbs, lianas or trees, with flowers ranging from strongly spurred to unspurred. -
A New Species of Saurauia (Actinidiaceae) from Jharkhand State, India
J. Jpn. Bot. 84: 233–236 (2009) A New Species of Saurauia (Actinidiaceae) from Jharkhand State, India Vinay ranjan and S. C. srivastava Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India Howrah–711103, INDIA E-mail: [email protected] (Received on November 25, 2008) Saurauia parasnathensis V. Ranjan & S. C. Srivastava is described from India as new to science. This species is characterized by having cymose inflorescence with many- flowered fascicles, yellow flowers and 27–35 stamens in two rows. Key words: Actinidiaceae, India, new species, Saurauia. Saurauia Willd., comprising of 300 27–35 stamens in two rows. species (Mabberley 2005), is distributed in tropical Asia and America (Cuong et al. 2007, Saurauia parasnathensis V. Ranjan & Dressler and Bayer 2004, Soejarto 2004). S. C. Srivastava, sp. nov. [Figs. 1, 2] Hooker (1874) and Paul (1993) described Specibus differt aliis Saurauia cerea eight species from British India and India, Dyer petalis flavis, inflorescentiae cymosae respectively. While collecting the materials for multifloris fasciculis et staminibus 27–35 flora of Parasnath Wildlife Sanctuary, Giridih bistratus ornata. District, Jharkhand State, India between Type: INDIA: Jharkhand State, Giridih 2004 and 2006, the first author collected District, Parasnath Wildlife Sanctuary, alt. an interesting tree species of ca.10 m high, ca.1200 m, 21 March 2005, Vinay Ranjan leafless in flowering during the month of 37947A (holotype–CAL), 37947B (isotype– March, on the hill top. A search of Indian CAL). herbaria and literature revealed that it belongs Trees up to 10 m high, branchlets to the genus Saurauia Willd. (Actinidiaceae), brownish-black with ruptured bark and scars but the characters do not match with any of inflorescence. -
ACTINIDIACEAE 1. ACTINIDIA Lindley, Nat. Syst. Bot., Ed. 2, 439
ACTINIDIACEAE 猕猴桃科 mi hou tao ke Li Jianqiang (李建强)1, Li Xinwei (李新伟)1; Djaja Djendoel Soejarto2 Trees, shrubs, or woody vines. Leaves alternate, simple, shortly or long petiolate, not stipulate. Flowers bisexual or unisexual or plants polygamous or functionally dioecious, usually fascicled, cymose, or paniculate. Sepals (2 or 3 or)5, imbricate, rarely valvate. Petals (4 or)5, sometimes more, imbricate. Stamens 10 to numerous, distinct or adnate to base of petals, hypogynous; anthers 2- celled, versatile, dehiscing by apical pores or longitudinally. Ovary superior, disk absent, locules and carpels 3–5 or more; placentation axile; ovules anatropous with a single integument, 10 or more per locule; styles as many as carpels, distinct or connate (then only one style), generally persistent. Fruit a berry or leathery capsule. Seeds not arillate, with usually large embryos and abundant endosperm. Three genera and ca. 357 species: Asia and the Americas; three genera (one endemic) and 66 species (52 endemic) in China. Economically, kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa) is an important fruit, which originated in central China and is especially common along the Yangtze River (well known as yang-tao). Now, it is widely cultivated throughout the world. For additional information see the paper by X. W. Li, J. Q. Li, and D. D. Soejarto (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 45: 633–660. 2007). Liang Chou-fen, Chen Yong-chang & Wang Yu-sheng. 1984. Actinidiaceae (excluding Sladenia). In: Feng Kuo-mei, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 49(2): 195–301, 309–334. 1a. Trees or shrubs; flowers bisexual or plants functionally dioecious .................................................................................. 3. Saurauia 1b. -
High Tree Endemism Recorded in Kanana Kanda Isolated Forest Fragment in Wet Zone of Sri Lanka
International Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Plantation, Vol. 2 (February.) ISSN 2462-1757 2 01 6 HIGH TREE ENDEMISM RECORDED IN KANANA KANDA ISOLATED FOREST FRAGMENT IN WET ZONE OF SRI LANKA P.K.J. De Mel Department of Agricultural and Plantation Engineering Open University of Sri Lanka, P.O. Box 21, Nawala, Nugegoda (10250), Sri Lanka Email: [email protected] K.A.J.M. Kuruppuarachchi Department of Botany Open University of Sri Lanka, P.O. Box 21, Nawala, Nugegoda (10250), Sri Lanka Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Kanana Kanda is an isolated lowland hill with an altitude of 115m covered by natural forest with an extent of 13ha. The forest fragment located in wet zone of Sri Lanka where much species diversity and endemism is found. The forest is disappearing fast due to anthropogenic influences. Therefore the present study was carried out with the objective of assessment of existing tree flora. Reconnaissance survey was first conducted in the forest in order to gather basic information on vegetation types and floristic characteristics. Four transects with a size of 100m x 5m each were laid for sampling trees. A woody plant with a dbh equal or greater than 5cm considered as a tree. A total number of 464 trees were enumerated in the forest. Field identification of species performed with the consultation of personnel who have sufficient knowledge, skills and experience on similar vegetation. Herbarium specimens were prepared from each tree unidentified in the field and later identified those comparing with the specimens preserved in the National Herbarium. Present study, recorded a total number of 50 different species belongs to 29 families. -
Araliaceae – Ginseng Family
ARALIACEAE – GINSENG FAMILY Plant: some herbs (perennial), woody vines, shrubs and trees Stem: usually pithy Root: sometimes with rhizomes Leaves: simple or palmately compound but rarely 2’s or 3’s, often thickened and large, mostly alternate (rarely opposite or whorled); usually with stipules that forms a stem sheath; often with star-shaped hairs Flowers: mostly perfect or unisexual (monoecious or dioecious), regular (actinomorphic); flowers very small, mostly in umbels; sepals 5, often forming small teeth or none, mostly 5(-10) petals; mostly 5(-10) stamens; ovary inferior, 2-5 (10) fused carpels Fruit: berry or drupe, oily Other: mostly tropical and subtropical, a few oranamentals; similar to Apiaceae; Dicotyledons Group Genera: 70+ genera; locally Aralia (spikenard), Hedera (English Ivy), Oplopanax, Panax (ginseng) WARNING – family descriptions are only a layman’s guide and should not be used as definitive Araliaceae (Ginseng Family) – 5 (mostly) sepals and petals (often 5-lobed), often in umbels or compound umbels; leaves simple or more often compound; fruit a berry or drupe Examples of common genera Devil's Walkingstick [Hercules’ Club] Wild Sarsaparilla Aralia spinosa L. Aralia nudicaulis L. Devil's Club [Devil’s Walking Stick; Alaskan Ginseng] Oplopanax horridus (Sm.) Miq. English Ivy Hedera helix L. (Introduced) Dwarf Ginseng Panax trifolius L. ARALIACEAE – GINSENG FAMILY Wild Sarsaparilla; Aralia nudicaulis L. Devil's Walkingstick [Hercules’ Club]; Aralia spinosa L. English Ivy; Hedera helix L. (Introduced) Devil's Club [Devil’s -
Evolutionary History of Floral Key Innovations in Angiosperms Elisabeth Reyes
Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms Elisabeth Reyes To cite this version: Elisabeth Reyes. Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms. Botanics. Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), 2016. English. NNT : 2016SACLS489. tel-01443353 HAL Id: tel-01443353 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01443353 Submitted on 23 Jan 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. NNT : 2016SACLS489 THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITE PARIS-SACLAY, préparée à l’Université Paris-Sud ÉCOLE DOCTORALE N° 567 Sciences du Végétal : du Gène à l’Ecosystème Spécialité de Doctorat : Biologie Par Mme Elisabeth Reyes Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms Thèse présentée et soutenue à Orsay, le 13 décembre 2016 : Composition du Jury : M. Ronse de Craene, Louis Directeur de recherche aux Jardins Rapporteur Botaniques Royaux d’Édimbourg M. Forest, Félix Directeur de recherche aux Jardins Rapporteur Botaniques Royaux de Kew Mme. Damerval, Catherine Directrice de recherche au Moulon Président du jury M. Lowry, Porter Curateur en chef aux Jardins Examinateur Botaniques du Missouri M. Haevermans, Thomas Maître de conférences au MNHN Examinateur Mme. Nadot, Sophie Professeur à l’Université Paris-Sud Directeur de thèse M. -
Araliaceae.Pdf
ARALIACEAE 五加科 wu jia ke Xiang Qibai (向其柏 Shang Chih-bei)1; Porter P. Lowry II2 Trees or shrubs, sometimes woody vines with aerial roots, rarely perennial herbs, hermaphroditic, andromonoecious or dioecious, often with stellate indumentum or more rarely simple trichomes or bristles, with or without prickles, secretory canals pres- ent in most parts. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite (never in Chinese taxa), simple and often palmately lobed, palmately compound, or 1–3-pinnately compound, usually crowded toward apices of branches, base of petiole often broad and sheathing stem, stipules absent or forming a ligule or membranous border of petiole. Inflorescence terminal or pseudo-lateral (by delayed development), um- bellate, compound-umbellate, racemose, racemose-umbellate, or racemose-paniculate, ultimate units usually umbels or heads, occa- sionally racemes or spikes, flowers rarely solitary; bracts usually present, often caducous, rarely foliaceous. Flowers bisexual or unisexual, actinomorphic. Pedicels often jointed below ovary and forming an articulation. Calyx absent or forming a low rim, some- times undulate or with short teeth. Corolla of (3–)5(–20) petals, free or rarely united, mostly valvate, sometimes imbricate. Stamens usually as many as and alternate with petals, sometimes numerous, distinct, inserted at edge of disk; anthers versatile, introrse, 2- celled (or 4-celled in some non-Chinese taxa), longitudinally dehiscent. Disk epigynous, often fleshy, slightly depressed to rounded or conic, sometimes confluent with styles. Ovary inferior (rarely secondarily superior in some non-Chinese taxa), (1 or)2–10(to many)-carpellate; carpels united, with as many locules; ovules pendulous, 2 per locule, 1 abortive; styles as many as carpels, free or partially united, erect or recurved, or fully united to form a column; stigmas terminal or decurrent on inner face of styles, or sessile on disk, circular to elliptic and radiating. -
Bignoniaceae)
Systematic Botany (2007), 32(3): pp. 660–670 # Copyright 2007 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists Taxonomic Revisions in the Polyphyletic Genus Tabebuia s. l. (Bignoniaceae) SUSAN O. GROSE1 and R. G. OLMSTEAD Department of Biology, University of Washington, Box 355325, Seattle, Washington 98195 U.S.A. 1Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Communicating Editor: James F. Smith ABSTRACT. Recent molecular studies have shown Tabebuia to be polyphyletic, thus necessitating taxonomic revision. These revisions are made here by resurrecting two genera to contain segregate clades of Tabebuia. Roseodendron Miranda consists of the two species with spathaceous calices of similar texture to the corolla. Handroanthus Mattos comprises the principally yellow flowered species with an indumentum of hairs covering the leaves and calyx. The species of Handroanthus are also characterized by having extremely dense wood containing copious quantities of lapachol. Tabebuia is restricted to those species with white to red or rarely yellow flowers and having an indumentum of stalked or sessile lepidote scales. The following new combinations are published: Handroanthus arianeae (A. H. Gentry) S. Grose, H. billbergii (Bur. & K. Schum). S. Grose subsp. billbergii, H. billbergii subsp. ampla (A. H. Gentry) S. Grose, H. botelhensis (A. H. Gentry) S. Grose, H. bureavii (Sandwith) S. Grose, H. catarinensis (A. H. Gentry) S. Grose, H. chrysanthus (Jacq.) S. Grose subsp. chrysanthus, H. chrysanthus subsp. meridionalis (A. H. Gentry) S. Grose, H. chrysanthus subsp. pluvicolus (A. H. Gentry) S. Grose, H. coralibe (Standl.) S. Grose, H. cristatus (A. H. Gentry) S. Grose, H. guayacan (Seemann) S. Grose, H. incanus (A. H. -
Berberidaceae) Endemic to China
Phytotaxa 204 (2): 147–152 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.204.2.5 Taxonomic notes on three species of Epimedium (Berberidaceae) endemic to China YAN-JUN ZHANG, HAI-SHAN DANG, JIAN-QIANG LI* & YING WANG * Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China * Authors for correspondence: E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract Three species of Epimedium (Berberidaceae), E. reticulatum, E. shuichengense and E. truncatum, are controversial based on flower characteristics. In this paper, the descriptions of their flower characters of these three species are revised based on our extensive studies in herbaria and observations in the field and cultivation. E. reticulatum is transferred from ser. Brachycerae to ser. Campanulatae, and E. shuichengense is recognized as a member of ser. Davidianae. The holotype and isotypes of E. reticulatum represent two species, E. reticulatum and E. membranaceum, and the type material of E. truncatum has been lost. Here we lectotypy E. reticulatum and neotypify E. truncatum. Key words: Epimedium, flower characters, revision, lectotype, neotype Introduction Epimedium Linnaeus (1753: 117) is the largest herbaceous genus of Berberidaceae, with about 58 species distributed disjunctly and very unevenly in temperate hilly or montane regions from Algeria in North Africa to Japan in Asia (Stearn 2002; Ying et al. 2011). China is the diversity center of Epimedium, and possesses about 48 species of the genus which are all endemics except Epimedium koreanum Nakai (1936: 63). -
Vascular Plant Families of the United States Grouped by Diagnostic Features
Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data 12-6-2019 Vascular Plant Families of the United States Grouped by Diagnostic Features James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr, "Vascular Plant Families of the United States Grouped by Diagnostic Features" (2019). Botanical Studies. 96. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/96 This Flora of the United States and North America is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLOWERING PLANT FAMILIES OF THE UNITED STATES GROUPED BY DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES James P. Smith, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Botany Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State University Second edition — 6 December 2019 The focus is on families of plants found in the conterminous United States, including ornamentals. The listing of a family is not meant to imply that every species has that feature. I am using a fewfamily names, such as Liliaceae, Plantaginaceae, and Scrophulariaceae, in the traditional sense, because their limits remain unsettled. Parasitic on branches Dioscoreaceae -
Berberis Vulgaris
Berberis vulgaris INTRODUCTORY DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE BOTANICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS FIRE EFFECTS AND MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS APPENDIX: FIRE REGIME TABLE REFERENCES INTRODUCTORY AUTHORSHIP AND CITATION FEIS ABBREVIATION NRCS PLANT CODE COMMON NAMES TAXONOMY SYNONYMS LIFE FORM FEDERAL LEGAL STATUS OTHER STATUS Photo © Gerald A. Mulligan AUTHORSHIP AND CITATION: Gucker, Corey L. 2009. Berberis vulgaris. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ [2009, October 19]. FEIS ABBREVIATION: BERVUL NRCS PLANT CODE [91]: BEVU COMMON NAMES: common barberry European barberry TAXONOMY: The scientific name of common barberry is Berberis vulgaris L. (Berberidaceae) [27,42]. Hybrid: Berberis × ottawaensis (Schneid.), a cross between common barberry and Japanese barberry (B. thunbergerii), occurs in Europe and North America [24,60,67]. SYNONYMS: None LIFE FORM: Shrub FEDERAL LEGAL STATUS: None OTHER STATUS: Information on state-level noxious weed status of plants in the United States is available at Plants Database. DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE SPECIES: Berberis vulgaris GENERAL DISTRIBUTION HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES GENERAL DISTRIBUTION: Common barberry is a nonnative plant in North America. Its native range is Asia's middle and western mountains, and it is widely introduced throughout Europe [44,77]. Common barberry was brought to North America in the 1600s by early New England settlers (Josselyn 1672 cited in [55]),[44], and soon after its introduction, common barrberry escaped from cultivation. Soon after its introduction and escape, common barberry was linked with failing wheat crops [27]. Programs to eliminate and restrict planting of common barberry in North America began in the 18th century, but large-scale cooperative eradication did not occur until the early 1900s.