DOCSLIB.ORG

Bignoniaceae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bignoniaceae) Systematic Botany (2007), 32(3): pp. 660–670 # Copyright 2007 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists Taxonomic Revisions in the Polyphyletic Genus Tabebuia s. l. (Bignoniaceae) SUSAN O. GROSE1 and R. G. OLMSTEAD Department of Biology, University of Washington, Box 355325, Seattle, Washington 98195 U.S.A. 1Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Communicating Editor: James F. Smith ABSTRACT. Recent molecular studies have shown Tabebuia to be polyphyletic, thus necessitating taxonomic revision. These revisions are made here by resurrecting two genera to contain segregate clades of Tabebuia. Roseodendron Miranda consists of the two species with spathaceous calices of similar texture to the corolla. Handroanthus Mattos comprises the principally yellow flowered species with an indumentum of hairs covering the leaves and calyx. The species of Handroanthus are also characterized by having extremely dense wood containing copious quantities of lapachol. Tabebuia is restricted to those species with white to red or rarely yellow flowers and having an indumentum of stalked or sessile lepidote scales. The following new combinations are published: Handroanthus arianeae (A. H. Gentry) S. Grose, H. billbergii (Bur. & K. Schum). S. Grose subsp. billbergii, H. billbergii subsp. ampla (A. H. Gentry) S. Grose, H. botelhensis (A. H. Gentry) S. Grose, H. bureavii (Sandwith) S. Grose, H. catarinensis (A. H. Gentry) S. Grose, H. chrysanthus (Jacq.) S. Grose subsp. chrysanthus, H. chrysanthus subsp. meridionalis (A. H. Gentry) S. Grose, H. chrysanthus subsp. pluvicolus (A. H. Gentry) S. Grose, H. coralibe (Standl.) S. Grose, H. cristatus (A. H. Gentry) S. Grose, H. guayacan (Seemann) S. Grose, H. incanus (A. H. Gentry) S. Grose, H. lapacho (K. Schum.) S. Grose, H. pulcherrimus (Sandwith) S. Grose, H. pumilus (A. H. Gentry) S. Grose, H. riodocensis (A. H. Gentry) S. Grose, H. selachidentatus (A. H. Gentry) S. Grose, H. serratifolius (Vahl) S. Grose, H. spongiosus (Rizzini) S. Grose, H. subtilis (Sprague & Sandwith) S. Grose and H. uleanus (Kraenzl.) S. Grose. KEYWORDS: Handroanthus, Roseodendron, Tabebuia, taxonomy. Tabebuia, as currently circumscribed with 100 delimitation of Tabebuia has continued into recent species, is the largest genus in Bignoniaceae and is times (Mattos 1970; Gentry 1972). distributed from the southwestern U.S. to northern Mattos (1970) divided Tabebuia into two different Argentina and Chile. Over the course of its groups, indicating that a group of Brazilian taxa taxonomic history, it has been split and re- known as ‘‘iˆpes’’ should not remain in Tabebuia. assembled several times, as researchers interpreted His reasoning appears to have been based on the the morphological diversity in different ways. The original concept for Tabebuia, which he defined as wide range of morphological diversity suggests having simple leaves and an ovary that in cross there may be more than one lineage included section has 3–4 ovules/locule. This morphology is within the traditional concept of Tabebuia. Recent consistent with the type of Tabebuia, T. cassinoides, studies (Spangler and Olmstead 1999; Grose and but is the most exclusive concept for Tabebuia since Olmstead 2007) have confirmed that Tabebuia,as it was proposed by de Candolle (1838). Neither did currently delimited, is polyphyletic. Therefore, the Mattos think theˆ ipes belonged in Tecoma, due to generic boundaries need to be redefined in their palmately compound leaves. He created the Tabebuia and related genera. The goal of this paper genus Handroanthus for those species with pal- is to revise the generic classification to be consis- mately compound leaves and 8–9 series of ovules/ tent with its phylogeny. locule, and typified this genus with Handroanthus The name Tabebuia has a long and convoluted albus (Tabebuia alba). history (Gentry 1969). This name was first published Gentry (1972, 1992) included Handroanthus in by de Candolle (Candolle 1838) who applied it to Tabebuia, insisting that Tabebuia as previously de- bignoniaceous trees with ‘‘simple’’ leaves. Howev- lineated is natural. Gentry (1972) was adamant that er, the concept of Tabebuia came to be expanded to the large genus Tabebuia should not be broken up encompass a large amount of morphological di- further, and expressed his ‘‘sincere hope that future versity. As researchers examined and monographed students of Bignoniaceae will consider the case of this taxon, a number of concepts of Tabebuia Handroanthus before succumbing to further parox- emerged, producing a labyrinthine synomomy ysms of unwarranted splitting’’ (Gentry 1972). (Candolle 1838; Raffinsque 1838; Sprague and Gentry (1992) recognized some groups within Sandwith 1932). In addition, there was confusion Tabebuia, however. In his treatment for Flora as to the boundaries between Tecoma and Tabebuia Neotropica he defined 10 species groups although (Miers 1863; Seeman 1863; Bureau 1864; Schumann he placed two species, T. arimaoensis and T. 1894; Rheder 1913). Much of the confusion between heterophylla, in both groups 9 and 10. The largest Tecoma and Tabebuia was sorted out by Britton of Gentry’s groups are primarily species endemic (Britton 1915). However, disagreement as to the to the Greater Antilles (55 species). He did not use 660 2007] GROSE & OLMSTEAD: REVISION OF TABEBUIA 661 phylogenetic terminology to describe the relation- (Fig. 1C, F). The lepidote scales in a group of ships, but he clearly believed that this group of species (such as Tabebuia pilosa) may be stalked. Anillean species was monophyletic and sister to The wood anatomy of Tabebuia group I is distinc- a group of mainland species that are spread tive; it is lightweight, with medium specific gravity throughout the continental part of the genus’ range of 0.4–0.74, and lacks lapachol (dos Santos and (Gentry 1992). Miller 1992). The heartwood is indistinct from the Tabebuia donnell-smithii was placed in Tabebuia by sapwood and the rays are 1–2 cells in width (dos Rose (1892) with some reservation: ‘‘The species, Santos and Miller 1992). This group has leaves are while not agreeing in all respects with Tabebuia, ‘simple’ (or unifoliolate) or 3–7(9)-merous, depend- answers better to this than to any other known ing on species (Gentry 1992). The fruits are linear- genus. In its inflorescence and ribbed pods it is cylindrical and smooth on the surface (Gentry more like Godmania or Cybistax but does not agree 1992). The flowers of Tabebuia group I are white to in other particulars.’’ This species was later moved red in color, and often have a yellow throat (Fig 1I). to Cybistax by Seibert (1940). However, Miranda Two species belonging to this clade, Tabebuia aurea (1965) transferred this species to a new genus, and the unsampled Tabebuia nodosa have yellow Roseodendron, segregating it from Cybistax on the flowers but otherwise share the above character- basis of calyx texture and shape, sessile nature of istics. its ovary, and indumentum of branched hairs. Tabebuia group II can be distinguished by having Grose and Olmstead (2007) conducted a molecu- an indumentum of simple to stellate or dendroid lar phylogenetic study of the Tabebuia Alliance, hairs (Fig. 1A, D). Lepidote scales are also usually those Neotropical Bignoniaceae with palmately- present, but may be obscured by the hairs. The compound leaves. That study included 25% of all calyx is campanulate to cupular and 5-dentate Tabebuia species and had representatives from all (Fig. 1D). The wood is among the heaviest and 10 of Gentry’s (1992) species groups. The findings hardest known, with a basic specific gravity showed that Tabebuia consists of three clades. greater than 0.74 (dos Santos and Miller 1992). It ‘‘Tabebuia goup I’’ is sister to the Caribbean is also distinctive among Tabebuia s. l., in having endemic Ekmanianthe.‘‘Tabebuia group II’’ is sister very large pits (ranging from 7–14 mm) in their to Crescentieae+Spirotecoma. The third clade is vessel elements (dos Santos and Miller 1992). Only represented by T. donnell-smithii and is sister to two species in this group, T. pumila and T. Tabebuia group II +Crescentieae+ Spirotecoma. selachidentata, are described as occasionally having unifoliolate leaves (Gentry 1992). In all other cases, MATERIALS AND METHODS the leaves are digitately 3–9 foliolate. The fruits in this group are linear and slightly costate to smooth, Characters to support the phylogeny of Grose and Olmstead (2007) are based on herbarium holdings at US, and often are densely tomentose. The flowers in MO and NY and published morphological and anatomical Tabebuia group II are generally yellow (Fig. 1G) or, studies (Gentry 1992; dos Santos and Miller 1992). Herbarium in four species, T. selachidentata, T. barbata, T. specimens were consulted for morphological characters heptaphylla and T. impetiginosa, magenta with (Appendix 1). Leaf surfaces and calices were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Specimens were yellow throat (Gentry 1992). prepared for the SEM according to the protocol established Tabebuia donnell-smithii represents a group dis- in Matthews and Endress (2004) tinguished by its unique calyx (Fig. 1E). It is spathaceous in shape, and of the same color and MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS DEFINING CLADES texture as the corolla. This lineage contains only one other species, T. chrysea. The indumentum is of Each of the three clades of Tabebuia: Tabebuia lepidote scales and small, glandular hairs (Fig. 1B). groups I and II and T. donnell-smithii is supported The wood is similar to that of Tabebuia group I but by several morphological characters. Gentry de- contains tyloses, or intrusive growths of the cell scribed the importance of the calyx in Bignoniaceae wall into the vessel cavities, and pits intermediate taxonomy especially in tribe Bignonieae (Gentry in size between those of Tabebuia groups I and II 1980). This study confirms previous observations (dos Santos and Miller 1992). The corolla is yellow that calyx morphology as well as indumentum, (Fig. 1H), occasionally with thin red lines, and wood anatomy, flower color, and fruit morphology fruits are linear and irregularly costate and bullate.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Catálogo Chauá
    Boletim Chauá 014 ISSN 2595-654X Manual de cultivo 1a edição Cybistax antisyphilitica (Mart.) Mart (Bignoniaceae) Setembro 2018 Nomes comuns: Ecologia: Brasil: caroba-braba, caroba-de-flor-verde, Dispersão: anemocórica1; ipê-verde, ipê-mandioca, ipê-da-várzea, aipê, Habitat: a espécie ocorre comumente no Cerrado cinco-chagas, ipê-mirim, ipê-pardo, sentido restrito, Cerradões e é comum em áreas caroba-do-campo, jacarandá1; alteradas e abertas. É encontrada ainda nas Peru: espeguilla, llangua, llangua-colorado, formações Montana e Submontana de Florestas orcco-huoranhuay, yangua, yangua-caspi, Estacionais e Florestas Ombrófilas1, 2, 12, 13, 14; 2 yangua-tinctoria ; Polinização: feita principalmente por abelhas de Paraguai: taiiy-hoby2. grande e médio porte15; Grupo ecológico: pioneira1, 12; Distribuição: Países: Argentina, Bolívia, Brasil, Equador, Utilidade: Paraguai, Peru e Suriname3, 4; A madeira é comumente utilizada na construção Estados no Brasil: Pará, Tocantins, Bahia, Ceará, civil. É citada a utilização das folhas na produção Maranhão, Piauí, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Mato de corantes e na medicina popular4. Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina2; Características das Ecossistemas: Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, sementes e plântulas: Floresta Ombrófila Densa e Floresta Ombrófila Tipo de semente: ortodoxas9, 16; Mista 1, 2, 11, 12, 13, dos biomas Amazônia, Caatinga, 2,3-3,5 x 4-6 mm4; Cerrado, Mata-Atlântica e Pantanal 2; Tamanho: Sementes por kg: 40.68317; Nível de ameaça: Tipo de plântula: fanerocotiledonar epígea foliar (Figura 1F). Lista IUCN: Não especificado – NE; Lista nacionais: BRASIL: Não especificado 2; Recomendações para o Listas estaduais: Não consta.
    [Show full text]
  • Bignoniaceae Por
    fascículo 24 Flora de Veracruz Bignoniaceae por A.H. Gentry Xalapa Ver. septiembre 1982 CO!l/SEJO EDITORIAL Editar Responsable: Arturo Gómez Pompa Editor Ejecutivo: Victoria Sosa Lorin l. Nevling Jr. Nancy P. Moreno Michael Nee Beatriz Ludlow-Wiechers The Flora of Veracruz is an international collaborative project on the parts of investigators at the In,tituto de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bióticos, at the Field Mu,eum of Natural History and at the Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. We acknowledge support in México from the Programa Nacional Indicativo de Ecologia, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia and the government of the State of Veracruz; and in the Unites States from the National Science Foundation (through grant I!l/T 78-01075) and Harvard University. Flora de Veracruz es un proyecto conjunto del Instituto de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bióticos, del Field ~Iu,eum of Natural History y del In,tituto de Biologia de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Agradecem", el apoyo del Programa !l/acional Indicativo de Ecologia del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, del Gobierno del Estado de Veracruz de México, de la National Science Foundation (INT 78-01075) Y de Harvard University de lo.' Estados Unidos. INlREB 82-01-004 ©1982 In,tituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bióticos. Apdo. Postal 63, Xalapa Veracmz. FLORA DE VERACRUZ Publicada por el Instituto Nacianal de Investigacianes sobre Recursos Bióticos Xalapa, Veracruz, México. FasCÍculo 24 Septiembre 1982 BIGNONIACEAE Por Alwyn H. Gentry Missouri Botanical Garden Arboles, arbustos o trepadoras leñosas, raras veces herbáceas; escamas externas de las yemas axilares frecuentemente pseudoestipulares o algu.
    [Show full text]
  • Antimicrobial Activity of Crescentia Cujete
    AsianVol. 6 ·Journal January of2016 Health · International Volume 6 Peer Reviewed Journal Asian Journal of Health Accredited Category B CHED Journal Accreditation Service Print ISSN 2094-9243 · Online: ISSN: 2244-047X Antimicrobial Activity of Crescentia cujete MARILOU O. HONCULADA ORCID No. 0000-0002-5754-0337 [email protected] Liceo de Cagayan University Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines MICHELLE T. MABASA ORCID No. 0000-0001-8502-9803 [email protected] Liceo de Cagayan University Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines ABSTRACT The Philippines is known for being an agricultural country with different varieties of plants that have medicinal potential. This study focused on the antimicrobial potential of the fruit of Crescentia cujete or Calabash tree against common infections Staphylococcus aureus, a gram-positive bacteria, and Escherichia coli which is a gram- negative bacterium. Fruit extracts were obtained by maceration with ethanol for 24 hours at room temperature. The experimental research design was used through disc diffusion method. Findings of this study, however, revealed no antibacterial effect of the fruit extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Keywords: Crescentia cujete, antimicrobial, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli INTRODUCTION The healing power of plants is a widely explored study. Plants have been traditionally used for the treatment of infection of different aetiology. More so now with the development of bacterial resistance of some microorganisms due mainly to the abuse of antibiotic use. The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains of bacteria and the recent appearance of strains with reduced susceptibility to antibiotic raises the spectre of untreatable bacterial infections and adds urgency to the search for new infection-fighting strategies (Sieradzki, Roberts, Haber & Tomasz, 1999) as 80 International Peer Reviewed Journal cited by Mahbub et al.
    [Show full text]
  • New Species and Combinations of Apocynaceae, Bignoniaceae, Clethraceae, and Cunoniaceae from the Neotropics
    Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 75 (2): e071 https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2499 ISSN: 0211-1322 [email protected], http://rjb.revistas.csic.es/index.php/rjb Copyright: © 2018 CSIC. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial (by-nc) Spain 4.0 License. New species and combinations of Apocynaceae, Bignoniaceae, Clethraceae, and Cunoniaceae from the Neotropics Juan Francisco Morales 1,2,3 1 Missouri Botanical Garden 4344 Shaw Blvd. St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. 2 Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Universitätstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany. 3 Doctorado en Ciencias Naturales para el Desarrollo (DOCINADE), Universidad Estatal a Distancia, 474–2050 Montes de Oca, Costa Rica. [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8906-8567 Abstract. Mandevilla arenicola J.F.Morales sp. nov. from Brazil, Clethra Resumen. Se describen e ilustran Mandevilla arenicola J.F.Morales secazu J.F.Morales sp. nov. from Costa Rica, and Weinmannia abstrusa sp. nov. de Brasil, Clethra secazu J.F.Morales sp. nov. de Costa Rica y J.F.Morales sp. nov. from Honduras are described and illustrated and Weinmannia abstrusa J.F.Morales sp. nov. de Honduras y se discuten their relationships with morphologically related species are discussed. sus relaciones con otras especies de morfología semejante. Se designan Lectotypes are designated for Anemopaegma tonduzianum Kraenzl., lectotipos para Anemopaegma tonduzianum Kraenzl., Bignonia Bignonia sarmentosa var. hirtella Benth. and Paragonia pyramidata var. sarmentosa var. hirtella Benth. and Paragonia pyramidata var. tomentosa tomentosa Bureau & K. Schum., as well as these last two names have Bureau & K.Schum., así como también se combinan estos dos últimos been combined.
    [Show full text]
  • Alphabetical Lists of the Vascular Plant Families with Their Phylogenetic
    Colligo 2 (1) : 3-10 BOTANIQUE Alphabetical lists of the vascular plant families with their phylogenetic classification numbers Listes alphabétiques des familles de plantes vasculaires avec leurs numéros de classement phylogénétique FRÉDÉRIC DANET* *Mairie de Lyon, Espaces verts, Jardin botanique, Herbier, 69205 Lyon cedex 01, France - [email protected] Citation : Danet F., 2019. Alphabetical lists of the vascular plant families with their phylogenetic classification numbers. Colligo, 2(1) : 3- 10. https://perma.cc/2WFD-A2A7 KEY-WORDS Angiosperms family arrangement Summary: This paper provides, for herbarium cura- Gymnosperms Classification tors, the alphabetical lists of the recognized families Pteridophytes APG system in pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms Ferns PPG system with their phylogenetic classification numbers. Lycophytes phylogeny Herbarium MOTS-CLÉS Angiospermes rangement des familles Résumé : Cet article produit, pour les conservateurs Gymnospermes Classification d’herbier, les listes alphabétiques des familles recon- Ptéridophytes système APG nues pour les ptéridophytes, les gymnospermes et Fougères système PPG les angiospermes avec leurs numéros de classement Lycophytes phylogénie phylogénétique. Herbier Introduction These alphabetical lists have been established for the systems of A.-L de Jussieu, A.-P. de Can- The organization of herbarium collections con- dolle, Bentham & Hooker, etc. that are still used sists in arranging the specimens logically to in the management of historical herbaria find and reclassify them easily in the appro- whose original classification is voluntarily pre- priate storage units. In the vascular plant col- served. lections, commonly used methods are systema- Recent classification systems based on molecu- tic classification, alphabetical classification, or lar phylogenies have developed, and herbaria combinations of both.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Plants for Your Backyard
    U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Native Plants for Your Backyard Native plants of the Southeastern United States are more diverse in number and kind than in most other countries, prized for their beauty worldwide. Our native plants are an integral part of a healthy ecosystem, providing the energy that sustains our forests and wildlife, including important pollinators and migratory birds. By “growing native” you can help support native wildlife. This helps sustain the natural connections that have developed between plants and animals over thousands of years. Consider turning your lawn into a native garden. You’ll help the local environment and often use less water and spend less time and money maintaining your yard if the plants are properly planted. The plants listed are appealing to many species of wildlife and will look attractive in your yard. To maximize your success with these plants, match the right plants with the right site conditions (soil, pH, sun, and moisture). Check out the resources on the back of this factsheet for assistance or contact your local extension office for soil testing and more information about these plants. Shrubs Trees Vines Wildflowers Grasses American beautyberry Serviceberry Trumpet creeper Bee balm Big bluestem Callicarpa americana Amelanchier arborea Campsis radicans Monarda didyma Andropogon gerardii Sweetshrub Redbud Carolina jasmine Fire pink Little bluestem Calycanthus floridus Cercis canadensis Gelsemium sempervirens Silene virginica Schizachyrium scoparium Blueberry Red buckeye Crossvine Cardinal flower
    [Show full text]
  • Coleeae: Crescentieae: Oroxyleae
    Gasson & Dobbins - Trees versus lianas in Bignoniaceae 415 Schenck, H. 1893. Beitriige zur Anatomie Takhtajan, A. 1987. Systema Magnoliophy­ der Lianen. In: A.F.W. Schimper (ed.): torum. Academia Scientiarum U.R.S.S., 1-271. Bot. Mitt. aus den Tropen. Heft Leningrad. 5, Teil2. Gustav Fischer, Jena. Wheeler, E.A., R.G. Pearson, C.A. La Spackman, W. & B.G.L. Swamy. 1949. The Pasha, T. Zack & W. Hatley. 1986. Com­ nature and occurrence of septate fibres in puter-aided Wood Identification. Refer­ dicotyledons. Amer. 1. Bot. 36: 804 (ab­ ence Manual. North Carolina Agricultural stract). Research Service Bulletin 474. Sprague, T. 1906. Flora of Tropical Africa. Willis, J. C. 1973. A dictionary of the flower­ Vol. IV, Sect. 2, Hydrophyllaceae to. Pe­ ing plants. Revised by H. K. Airy Shaw. daliaceae. XCVI, Bignoniaceae: 512-538. 8th Ed. Cambridge Univ. Press. Steenis, C.G.G.J. van. 1977. Bignoniaceae. Wolkinger, F. 1970. Das Vorkommen leben­ In Flora Malesiana I, 8 (2): 114-186. der Holzfasem in Striiuchem und Bliumen. Sijthoff & Noordhoff, The Netherlands. Phyton (Austria) 14: 55-67. Stem, W. L. 1988. Index Xylariorum 3. In­ Zimmermann, M.H. 1983. Xylem structure stitutional wood collections of the world. and the ascent of sap. Springer Verlag, IAWA Bull. n.s. 9: 203-252. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo. APPENDIX The species examined are listed below. The country or geographical region of origin is that from which the specimen came, not necessarily its native habitat. If the exact source of the specimen is not known, but the native region is, this is in parentheses.
    [Show full text]
  • The Risk Assessment
    Designation = High Risk WRA Score = 9 Family: Bignoniaceae Taxon: Parmentiera aculeata Synonym: Crescentia aculeata Kunth (basionym) Common Name: Cow-okra Parmentiera edulis DC. Cucumber Tree cuajilote Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Chuck Chimera Designation: H(HPWRA) Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score 9 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 y 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 n 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable
    [Show full text]
  • Bignoniaceae 1.3.3.3.6.A
    111 1.3.3.3.6. Bignoniaceae 1.3.3.3.6.a. Características ¾ Porte: árboles, arbustos y lianas, ramas a menudo lenticeladas. ¾ Hojas: generalmente opuestas, decusadas, a menudo compuestas, con un folíolo en las hojas de las trepadoras, transformado en un zarcillo. ¾ Flores: perfectas, muy vistosas, apenas zigomorfas hasta sub-bilabiadas generalmente en inflorescencias cimosas. ¾ Perianto: cáliz 5-mero, tubuloso, acampanado, espatiforme, truncado o acodado a veces bilabiado, corola 5-lobulada, acampanada-embudada algo doblada, con la misma estructura básica. ¾ Androceo: 4 (2) estambres didínamos, insertos en el tubo corolino, estaminodio 1 (rara vez 3), más cortos que los estambres (en Jacaranda más desarrollado y barbado), con los filamentos recurvos (los estambres ausentes pueden estar reemplazados por estaminodios); anteras con 2 tecas característicamente divergentes. ¾ Gineceo: ovario súpero, 2 carpelos soldados, 2 (1-3) locular con numerosos óvulos axilares, generalmente con largo estilo y estigma bilobado, a menudo papiloso, se puede presentar un disco nectarífero. ¾ Fruto: cápsula septicida o loculicida, rara vez baya. ¾ Semilla: sin endosperma, aplanadas, aladas, con ala lateral o circular, hialina o laciniada. Jacaranda mimosifolia Handroanthus heptaphyllus Flor con pétalos y sépalos soldados Corola Corte longitudinal de la flor con estambres y estaminodio Corte longitudinal de la flor Semilla alada Cáliz con ovario Fruto Semilla alada Detalle del estaminodio Cáliz y gineceo Dibujos: Daniel Cian 3.3.6.b. Biología Floral: Tecoma stans posee polinización entomófila u ornitófila (Lahitte et al., 2001). Diversidad Vegetal- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura (UNNE) CORE EUDICOTILEDÓNEAS- Asterídeas-Euasterídeas I: Lamiales: Bignoniaceae 112 1.3.3.3.6.c.
    [Show full text]
  • Pau D'arco(Handroanthus Spp
    Pau d'arco(Handroanthus spp. Mart ex DC Mattos) taheebo (ant wood), tajy (‘to have strength and vigour’ in Guarani and Tupi) or red (or purple) lapacho.1 In Australia its common name is trumpet tree.2 There is much confusion over the taxonomical division of the group of plants in the Bignoniaceae family, commonly and collectively known as pau d’arco, that have medicinal uses. The literature interchanges the genera Tabebuia, Handroanthus and Tecoma. In relation to this, pau d’arco has been under scrutiny in regard to the correct identity of the species of plant matter used in fl uid extract manufacture. It is quite possible that there is confusion among even trained gatherers. One specifi c way of distinguishing species is at the seedling stage. The four- leaf clover-like cotyledons are distinctly deeply cleft.3 Pau d’arco has recently undergone taxonomic revision Family and as a result the species name has changed. Formerly Bignoniaceae (Jacaranda) known botanically as Tabebuia impetiginosa, it has been reclassifi ed as Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Parts Used Mattos. This is the accepted name and the former names are now synonyms.4 Dried inner bark Synonyms: Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart. ex DC.) Standley, Tecoma impetiginosa Mart. ex DC, Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb, Gelseminum avellanedae (Lorentz ex Grisebach) Kuntze, Handroanthus avellanedae (Lorentz ex Griseback) Mattos, Tabebuia palmeri Rose, Tecoma impetiginosa var. lepidota, Handroanthus impetiginosus var. lepidotus Mattos, Tecoma adenophylla K. Schum ex Bureau and K.Schum, Tecoma ipe var. integra Sprague, Tecoma integrum (Sprague), Tabebuia ipe var. integra (Sprague) Sandwith, Tecoma ipe var.
    [Show full text]
  • Landscape Vines for Southern Arizona Peter L
    COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND LIFE SCIENCES COOPERATIVE EXTENSION AZ1606 October 2013 LANDSCAPE VINES FOR SOUTHERN ARIZONA Peter L. Warren The reasons for using vines in the landscape are many and be tied with plastic tape or plastic covered wire. For heavy vines, varied. First of all, southern Arizona’s bright sunshine and use galvanized wire run through a short section of garden hose warm temperatures make them a practical means of climate to protect the stem. control. Climbing over an arbor, vines give quick shade for If a vine is to be grown against a wall that may someday need patios and other outdoor living spaces. Planted beside a house painting or repairs, the vine should be trained on a hinged trellis. wall or window, vines offer a curtain of greenery, keeping Secure the trellis at the top so that it can be detached and laid temperatures cooler inside. In exposed situations vines provide down and then tilted back into place after the work is completed. wind protection and reduce dust, sun glare, and reflected heat. Leave a space of several inches between the trellis and the wall. Vines add a vertical dimension to the desert landscape that is difficult to achieve with any other kind of plant. Vines can Self-climbing Vines – Masonry serve as a narrow space divider, a barrier, or a privacy screen. Some vines attach themselves to rough surfaces such as brick, Some vines also make good ground covers for steep banks, concrete, and stone by means of aerial rootlets or tendrils tipped driveway cuts, and planting beds too narrow for shrubs.
    [Show full text]
  • Plants and Gall Hosts of the Tirimbina Biological Reserve
    DOI 10.15517/RBT.V67I2SUPL.37233 Artículo Plants and gall hosts of the Tirimbina Biological Reserve, Sarapiqui, Costa Rica: Combining field sampling with herbarium records Plantas y hospederos de agallas de la Reserva Biológica Tirimbina, Sarapiquí, Costa Rica: combinando muestras del campo con registros del herbario Juan Manuel Ley-López1 José González2 Paul E. Hanson3* 1 Departamento Académico, Reserva Biológica Tirimbina. Sarapiquí, Heredia, Costa Rica; [email protected] 2 Independent consultant, Costa Rica; [email protected] 3 Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica; San Pedro, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica; [email protected] * Correspondence Received 03-X-2018 Corrected 10-I-2018 Accepted 24-I-2019 Abstract There has been an increasing number of inventories of gall-inducing arthropods in the Neotropics. Nonetheless, very few inventories have been carried out in areas where the flora is well documented, and records of galls from herbaria and sites outside the study area have seldom been utilized. In this study we provide a checklist of the native vascular plants of a 345 ha forest reserve in the Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica and document which of these plants were found to harbor galls. The gall surveys were carried out between November 2013 and December 2016. We also cross-checked our plant list with the previous gall records from elsewhere in the country and searched for galls on herbarium specimens of dicots reported from the reserve. In total, we recorded 143 families and 1174 plant species, of which 401 were hosts of galls. Plant hosts of galls were found in the following non-mutually exclusive categories: 209 in our field sampling, 257 from previous records, and 158 in herbarium specimens.
    [Show full text]