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Downloaded from Brill.Com09/26/2021 07:37:02AM Via Free Access 360 the JOURNAL of BYELORUSSIAN STUDIES 359 Studies in the Vocabulary of the Byelorussian Translations of the Bible BY MOSHÉ ALTBAUER The Byelorussian translation from the Hebrew of nine books of the Bible, dating from the late 15th or early 16th century, preserved in manuscript Codex 262 in the Central Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences in Vilna, offers much interesting material for the history of Byelorussian lexicology, and of East Slavonic lexicology in general. It is the purpose of the present article to provide a few examples of this from this manuscript in a comparative context, la) A fioly puskajut' zapach (S. of S., VII, 14; see fig. 1). In the King James Bible the phrase is translated as 'The mandrakes give a smell'. The Hebrew word dūdā'īm, which occurs occasionally in the Bible (Gen. XXX, 14-16; S. of S. VII, 14) has been identified as the name of the plant Mandrago officinalis of the genus Shlancea, having light-blue and greenish-yellow flowers.1 The Septuagint, and the Vulgate which follows it, use hoi mandragorai and mandragorae respectively. The translator of the Song of Songs in Codex 262 preferred the name taken from the vernacular, fioly, to the bookish borrowing from the Greek, unlike the editor of the first printed Slavonic Bible of 1582 (the 'Ostrog Bible'), based, as is well-known, on earlier Slavonic translations. There we read mandragore daša vonju. Similarly, later, in the so-called Synodal Bible there is mandra­ gory daša vonju; even the recent Russian version, published by the American Bible Society, has mandragorу uže pustili blagovonie. The Polish Catholic translator Jakub Wujek (1599), who followed the Vulgate, also used the word mandragora, as did the editors of the most recent Polish Catholic Bible, the so-called Biblia Millenii (Poznań, 1965). The Polish Protestant version of 1632, on the other hand, has polne jabłuszka, probably following рěкпá jablečka of the Czech Kralická Bible of 1613. In the earliest Polish manuscript Bible of the 15th century (the so-called Biblia królowej Zofii) the page on which Gen. XXX, 14 would normally be found is missing. The Croatian Catholic Bibles — the earliest version by Daničić and the most recent one published in Zagreb in 1968 — have respectively 1. J. Löw, Die Flora der Juden, III, Vienna, 1924-35, pp. 365-68. Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 07:37:02AM via free access 360 THE JOURNAL OF BYELORUSSIAN STUDIES ?»~ ~ At6,&,Îf ,.,~ANiHU·u,ruA·· ""' '"'"'mrA•A HC'l,'J""'l' f Mff "Aif.;. .n•1o1 A'l f SM!t irmH i-Â;. tÂ10 ..u ~~.::, rf; A ... U1r.utli.1 p-ls.. MfK: wrAArAll'ifh! C 111&.IA&!Uf.tb ra. 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Ut':~HIA H;tU ·~: .MAft4T' iuuiA·~mA IUHHttHhUiiA lif . , ~· ,.,,.- 11~ n•tt~a·o M''' 11~0 t•m~;t\; UHUUH11"'-111161H&U "f ·u.!:'_: . -~ . IAhll~Jl~lr'1 ttAHrAlil ll~UN H"4 A.-.rnc..t.1Ù·tMlf\H 1u·t1<1o1n Mttfff f ro tt,...3tMAA>'1~111e .. ~·u• WfA6H,A\: .. A MIA\ iÂ. t111a1t1 A/.onuAt: ti•r"""'""_.IA-?i.; y,(i-~~ 1 :u; . atti ~ . - . '""'"""tnHmaoff•rlt, ti~u" rut!' fA MO.,t. HM~-' l~!etf ni; 'ff'tt-)iMt11H C~AHIUUllF~; 1ôÛ6hi4,·WAAUA\ l'A tuu~ _JAtctq'.4,u.4 rÎ, UHUW& &UV' lô•l&AH ~t·iii A1>~ l'iliili ~ a·i; .:;r"""_.. •.• ~~.uiuuitt_: •r H'"t MA mn &~ ti 1ÎÎa; t ~., .. ,.,. .;,-! A"6i1.AMArn1iinem1r.trt'-1 i'n11.ef ~'4i~·t~h'>É_nu. •'n1tt tÎNH1f14f~A .. MU,ifâ_~A,&r; "~ ~·"i~_i1HIOH. :_ ..uu "",.':_A•A ... llHLUI mt_. CHf &"l>f<ll iH'§-'cJHll H rur.i fNlliSA~au~ ~&OIWllll!UH fig. 1. Codex 262 of the Central Library, the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences, Vilna. Folio 85v. S. of S. VI—VII, 6. Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 07:37:02AM via free access VOCABULARY OF BYELORUSSIAN TRANSLATIONS OF THE BIBLE 361 . ' aunHF a1ur•J. uwt"MUH CA\ f'-1" !'tl<lal1 HClfllol K1HWl~ • ri' "'"'..L 0 wr~r'""'"'' ~'l.r•~A: -"'~I. 1-t AH MA,1< rr~Ml.1 ttlAM'l JUfin rJJllH hU<IJ'!li.A.,..,IA '_"At f:..},AM"' AA g;à',"'.. nr• ,i: H~lTIA r;AH.5.H_.. 4H AAHloHHLI: ..(J.tt u:,,. "'' rflmA .. nllo -)AflA wn~ 1m11MIAl<t & f ..«A ''"' ('lo tfA~ll!f f fi M~UJ ~ ltHtAI 6A~W1hll1a•n tmAa~ 1·' r+" Ill H tt• llllal H H !lit fTI U1 AH•I X'..« ''"'"HA ~f • m-tJ? ~ - · H M!',.\UJl1t.. lt1 MOHi'rl,fflA 11<•11'f A f '~"I itU1. m llH AAfCMHtnu·i: l<fllÎ , .. , •A • • tl'll<flf.lti!A AHHdU ISHfA~ trl,..f7.A A'l ,.,.,,~ rifA rnAMH'~ m. HA ~A MA Cf<'l : rUHA C'l C~'rA ri nfrf~MA1T11<t..1 '!'u::f.tt..em•d• b.1<0,;.~f-' MtFH HAWAA Hl m~lfAlfAH ~nim ~'- r1~na.~ rnactF" ·~" "''1-tA• IAAAnl m~t1 ~"' 'Ar''f' ~,,.~If~ rTllolH ITlt.IKI. ~UrAHHAff rl:"MH.{-: 'V'n'"f.".'~~Ua.fr?:, IOAlt n• 1t,a,Yrn~_.hnt"•.'&.{m~ ·~r~CH'4fCh HI0.4.la ·r~~·rnA 1<''f7'M'Mn•rHM•F""_"Af1H (:CH MH~U ITlHA ~ al,; l<t .(A UJl.M~ HAlll,.mt 'E UJIHl'iA run: wucrnArt-.mnkm A·nmi"fn• .., tiw u1<lMAf' h'~'" .. +~~<'Â"'f~~' 1(.f"fAMlMlfr'i ~ A-1.-IHl,\Af n1<LTfl~"'O; ,ffl<A'H·CMlt r• '"h~ r~~~ttt:"tf!'_Â.rifA l'l~lc4f1"~A +~".!'!'1 HH Mt' &H~At:r41WliloHMAf>rrlloM,t t;~ "'" CA~•I H't H i;{,,llT11t ru; ~"'~c~rAf1 IAC"l(7' tt.«la 01,CH llllHH rr•:!.itt.I 11<1.atl ~,r,.AnMHt.11.UfTlOJlt 1 IHl1 HS.I ~~.(.A ~A é' "'~tfrfH ,,~AFfnf '~",.Ulrften•E'' ntHH~' -tA~'"''A•KA.. ru - MA~Tflt AtUifAli"'fl~~la(,H &:~e tr'IHf IAl<t IHtU.J..0 OIF AK'fTlla; l<Ot11fA~r~ll1. fi 1 • , f1"!.MHAcH tnlllM0fMtf - , n CJ'r'l"~,. wnl t m••"" Hl'l ~Ytt.,H,AIM.ttm~.nt~.!_K1'4 ~Af rAEfTl•"AMh,..\UmNHl<A ftrt11•l'°'A rn~-.u~: ""MH {11 fr'i Olf'/' ~ ,,.U H,,,. Wf;'~ _., - 1 rn• A•cn1tt~M_!'MtfM(AHAMA\ tT" ,xun~ TTIAM!: lilA'C A.A"'• ... MAmH fTIH~: nU•JKH AA Cl<A f ro : "' ~h" MKA• . 1- ctnrU1 l ~M•Ha~1n...,fA'\:1~A I M~ hUdnnAJTllo l't'-''''1" OUt\uioh TTll('f'M'!. 11. AM E'A ll1HiM'ltÀ1,•nn.ATT1L.. ,. ~A rî ! nt,~H~M•c~l<"HHt ~··w~~'!"Hfnn~fCH~HA r A.:t,IM'l Hl~5'HM~"fH ri,. IAl<IC~fm"MhA4ttfTllo KIR• .-t ... l"""r•1ttu>IOr"~H rrn1<AM1<•Âr'!"rt11111Um1t K f 1 ~~rnAM1 i;-o,4f"~ff~1f .4HH~ArnUlf' ! fig. 2. Codex 262. Folio 67. Psalms CI, 5 — СП, 4. Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 07:37:02AM via free access 362 THE JOURNAL OF BYELORUSSIAN STUDIES mandragore puštaju miris and mandragore šire miris. In the latest Lithuanian Catholic Bible, translated by Archbishop Juoza­ pas Jonas Skvireckas, mandragore is retained in Gen. XXX, 14, but in the Song of Songs the Lithuanian expression kukeliai duoda kvapą unexpectedly appears. Sreznevskij in his Materialy dlja slovarja drevnerusskogo jazyka does not include either fioly or mandragory, but the second word is recorded by both Dal' and Vasmer in their dictionaries.2 One can thus assume that fioly in Codex 262 is the first deliberate use of this word in Byelorussian, and in East Slavonic languages in general. A similar expression in Polish, written variously as fiołek, fijołek and fijałek was known from the 15th century with the connotation viola ododrata L. It corresponds to the later Russian loan word from Polish fialka and fiol', and to the Ukrainian fijalka, fijalok (Cheirantus cheiri).
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