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359 Studies in the Vocabulary of the Byelorussian Translations of the Bible BY MOSHÉ ALTBAUER The Byelorussian translation from the Hebrew of nine books of the Bible, dating from the late 15th or early 16th century, preserved in manuscript Codex 262 in the Central Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences in Vilna, offers much interesting material for the history of Byelorussian lexicology, and of East Slavonic lexicology in general. It is the purpose of the present article to provide a few examples of this from this manuscript in a comparative context, la) A fioly puskajut' zapach (S. of S., VII, 14; see fig. 1). In the King James Bible the phrase is translated as 'The mandrakes give a smell'. The Hebrew word dūdā'īm, which occurs occasionally in the Bible (Gen. XXX, 14-16; S. of S. VII, 14) has been identified as the name of the plant Mandrago officinalis of the genus Shlancea, having light-blue and greenish-yellow flowers.1 The Septuagint, and the Vulgate which follows it, use hoi mandragorai and mandragorae respectively. The translator of the Song of Songs in Codex 262 preferred the name taken from the vernacular, fioly, to the bookish borrowing from the Greek, unlike the editor of the first printed Slavonic Bible of 1582 (the 'Ostrog Bible'), based, as is well-known, on earlier Slavonic translations. There we read mandragore daša vonju. Similarly, later, in the so-called Synodal Bible there is mandra­ gory daša vonju; even the recent Russian version, published by the American Bible Society, has mandragorу uže pustili blagovonie. The Polish Catholic translator Jakub Wujek (1599), who followed the Vulgate, also used the word mandragora, as did the editors of the most recent Polish Catholic Bible, the so-called Biblia Millenii (Poznań, 1965). The Polish Protestant version of 1632, on the other hand, has polne jabłuszka, probably following рěкпá jablečka of the Czech Kralická Bible of 1613. In the earliest Polish manuscript Bible of the 15th century (the so-called Biblia królowej Zofii) the page on which Gen. XXX, 14 would normally be found is missing. The Croatian Catholic Bibles — the earliest version by Daničić and the most recent one published in Zagreb in 1968 — have respectively 1. J. Löw, Die Flora der Juden, III, Vienna, 1924-35, pp. 365-68. Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 07:37:02AM via free access 360 THE JOURNAL OF BYELORUSSIAN STUDIES ?»~ ~ At6,&,Îf ,.,~ANiHU·u,ruA·· ""' '"'"'mrA•A HC'l,'J""'l' f Mff "Aif.;. .n•1o1 A'l f SM!t irmH i-Â;. tÂ10 ..u ~~.::, rf; A ... U1r.utli.1 p-ls.. MfK: wrAArAll'ifh! C 111&.IA&!Uf.tb ra. CIU tifC"UtAt,t • -7C' J fArUHM•K nfHAHllAA Jurn11o MAll9 nr".;f'" ".... : l_Y'"lalt!I~ MIA\ mi.:AIMotMI: rnut"' llHi IPao.;tri.ltAl'Hi Wl,H.Atthl OlA"l t:rMM t<l.«Art?/'f.fA11HI Hf:_Z.,fiwH n!H crt~I oyMr"AUHUf _/ ..,. ~ rtlM.1'1ol Ml<i;l litl"frtlol lfO 11"/,,lAI !1111 ; tt~·•.;ao! CUHhllH 1111.CH o.r•~tftloH: ~~iA'lf CMf1ui ~n+. HMhl r,;, Hp ..uo'~~ ,.; âL ·Yi: • OIJ-& "'"emnA 1yf~111u_~r.1tt frii;t.HM-{;.: li1:ill~Bf$':~~·~ l'la li~I e.411&.H : AUlàf',l'lh Ull Jit111t4·°' r.·t.w~'""~·i~ •uiru.=. _ /lli.IUU,11\iAllllol..'ft!'I; wsr.1"1Â "''" ~"'"":j; •rA~"~lll~ H.fi\A 1 A,._lf11 t1Mttlf rtAllff mH MUU fA\,~..tnimH•<f.t fHl PîHI , .. , .,.. ,,.uhtnu~ : HJKtllfllfA'AIAK• ~HIYMAAfl11f~1 1HHMf!H a"I. ~lol (A-la' li''&~ .L'[ HRH~ fMff .;ai-''" H MH.f> ; ltf '6_~r_,afh~~ '....,._, f/ i ~ - I rà llAA"tl fA~M'"li.WA : """:'" MUH 6" llilil-18\tl!Ht~l'I f K Mllt > . .1.- J_ 1 'l"' ntii•A 1AffHOH rîilUf~ lllUHflA"l>ntAmHH; •·•11•.~ 1 I -· A l•tl" 1'6411\ '"6Wt wnicuu~ .ii, '1A 011<1111&.ll"H.,fl\Ult ~'Hôl~A / ..,.. _/ ~CHMtfU; -t:H~MtUHÀl._!lr.1{ frn Hf:.iA• ,~-""' lllHH n1111o 111o ""AfHtUfH/.l'i H~ '4!->Ui'tt@ H~:l; me~ 111 nt ut'6 1111o 1111.1 t'Hl(A'U~-'Mli ; "1ilil1JU rH A" ~t r~ 111_-u•l-1.;w 1~,, r.:i.11MfWlo 1 ai-1~ •• Uff&i'&lilA~uu.~nAMA H 5CH Ml'ef H~A Ulii "'J &11WA n lll69A\ ;, lfit~ r"~".'~f't47"" = . ~&. ; H~AK•Wf,f.Al\~,1.un~':.. 111 u a ·u m A te "11101 ne 1-u At r1 ,,.{ Il "Nt!l pieu A lllCA>. 1111>1 .... f iït '" . r.'" ll!JI. Ut':~HIA H;tU ·~: .MAft4T' iuuiA·~mA IUHHttHhUiiA lif . , ~· ,.,,.- 11~ n•tt~a·o M''' 11~0 t•m~;t\; UHUUH11"'-111161H&U "f ·u.!:'_: . -~ . IAhll~Jl~lr'1 ttAHrAlil ll~UN H"4 A.-.rnc..t.1Ù·tMlf\H 1u·t1<1o1n Mttfff f ro tt,...3tMAA>'1~111e .. ~·u• WfA6H,A\: .. A MIA\ iÂ. t111a1t1 A/.onuAt: ti•r"""'""_.IA-?i.; y,(i-~~ 1 :u; . atti ~ . - . '""'"""tnHmaoff•rlt, ti~u" rut!' fA MO.,t. HM~-' l~!etf ni; 'ff'tt-)iMt11H C~AHIUUllF~; 1ôÛ6hi4,·WAAUA\ l'A tuu~ _JAtctq'.4,u.4 rÎ, UHUW& &UV' lô•l&AH ~t·iii A1>~ l'iliili ~ a·i; .:;r"""_.. •.• ~~.uiuuitt_: •r H'"t MA mn &~ ti 1ÎÎa; t ~., .. ,.,. .;,-! A"6i1.AMArn1iinem1r.trt'-1 i'n11.ef ~'4i~·t~h'>É_nu. •'n1tt tÎNH1f14f~A .. MU,ifâ_~A,&r; "~ ~·"i~_i1HIOH. :_ ..uu "",.':_A•A ... llHLUI mt_. CHf &"l>f<ll iH'§-'cJHll H rur.i fNlliSA~au~ ~&OIWllll!UH fig. 1. Codex 262 of the Central Library, the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences, Vilna. Folio 85v. S. of S. VI—VII, 6. Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 07:37:02AM via free access VOCABULARY OF BYELORUSSIAN TRANSLATIONS OF THE BIBLE 361 . ' aunHF a1ur•J. uwt"MUH CA\ f'-1" !'tl<lal1 HClfllol K1HWl~ • ri' "'"'..L 0 wr~r'""'"'' ~'l.r•~A: -"'~I. 1-t AH MA,1< rr~Ml.1 ttlAM'l JUfin rJJllH hU<IJ'!li.A.,..,IA '_"At f:..},AM"' AA g;à',"'.. nr• ,i: H~lTIA r;AH.5.H_.. 4H AAHloHHLI: ..(J.tt u:,,. "'' rflmA .. nllo -)AflA wn~ 1m11MIAl<t & f ..«A ''"' ('lo tfA~ll!f f fi M~UJ ~ ltHtAI 6A~W1hll1a•n tmAa~ 1·' r+" Ill H tt• llllal H H !lit fTI U1 AH•I X'..« ''"'"HA ~f • m-tJ? ~ - · H M!',.\UJl1t.. lt1 MOHi'rl,fflA 11<•11'f A f '~"I itU1. m llH AAfCMHtnu·i: l<fllÎ , .. , •A • • tl'll<flf.lti!A AHHdU ISHfA~ trl,..f7.A A'l ,.,.,,~ rifA rnAMH'~ m. HA ~A MA Cf<'l : rUHA C'l C~'rA ri nfrf~MA1T11<t..1 '!'u::f.tt..em•d• b.1<0,;.~f-' MtFH HAWAA Hl m~lfAlfAH ~nim ~'- r1~na.~ rnactF" ·~" "''1-tA• IAAAnl m~t1 ~"' 'Ar''f' ~,,.~If~ rTllolH ITlt.IKI. ~UrAHHAff rl:"MH.{-: 'V'n'"f.".'~~Ua.fr?:, IOAlt n• 1t,a,Yrn~_.hnt"•.'&.{m~ ·~r~CH'4fCh HI0.4.la ·r~~·rnA 1<''f7'M'Mn•rHM•F""_"Af1H (:CH MH~U ITlHA ~ al,; l<t .(A UJl.M~ HAlll,.mt 'E UJIHl'iA run: wucrnArt-.mnkm A·nmi"fn• .., tiw u1<lMAf' h'~'" .. +~~<'Â"'f~~' 1(.f"fAMlMlfr'i ~ A-1.-IHl,\Af n1<LTfl~"'O; ,ffl<A'H·CMlt r• '"h~ r~~~ttt:"tf!'_Â.rifA l'l~lc4f1"~A +~".!'!'1 HH Mt' &H~At:r41WliloHMAf>rrlloM,t t;~ "'" CA~•I H't H i;{,,llT11t ru; ~"'~c~rAf1 IAC"l(7' tt.«la 01,CH llllHH rr•:!.itt.I 11<1.atl ~,r,.AnMHt.11.UfTlOJlt 1 IHl1 HS.I ~~.(.A ~A é' "'~tfrfH ,,~AFfnf '~",.Ulrften•E'' ntHH~' -tA~'"''A•KA.. ru - MA~Tflt AtUifAli"'fl~~la(,H &:~e tr'IHf IAl<t IHtU.J..0 OIF AK'fTlla; l<Ot11fA~r~ll1. fi 1 • , f1"!.MHAcH tnlllM0fMtf - , n CJ'r'l"~,. wnl t m••"" Hl'l ~Ytt.,H,AIM.ttm~.nt~.!_K1'4 ~Af rAEfTl•"AMh,..\UmNHl<A ftrt11•l'°'A rn~-.u~: ""MH {11 fr'i Olf'/' ~ ,,.U H,,,. Wf;'~ _., - 1 rn• A•cn1tt~M_!'MtfM(AHAMA\ tT" ,xun~ TTIAM!: lilA'C A.A"'• ... MAmH fTIH~: nU•JKH AA Cl<A f ro : "' ~h" MKA• . 1- ctnrU1 l ~M•Ha~1n...,fA'\:1~A I M~ hUdnnAJTllo l't'-''''1" OUt\uioh TTll('f'M'!. 11. AM E'A ll1HiM'ltÀ1,•nn.ATT1L.. ,. ~A rî ! nt,~H~M•c~l<"HHt ~··w~~'!"Hfnn~fCH~HA r A.:t,IM'l Hl~5'HM~"fH ri,. IAl<IC~fm"MhA4ttfTllo KIR• .-t ... l"""r•1ttu>IOr"~H rrn1<AM1<•Âr'!"rt11111Um1t K f 1 ~~rnAM1 i;-o,4f"~ff~1f .4HH~ArnUlf' ! fig. 2. Codex 262. Folio 67. Psalms CI, 5 — СП, 4. Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 07:37:02AM via free access 362 THE JOURNAL OF BYELORUSSIAN STUDIES mandragore puštaju miris and mandragore šire miris. In the latest Lithuanian Catholic Bible, translated by Archbishop Juoza­ pas Jonas Skvireckas, mandragore is retained in Gen. XXX, 14, but in the Song of Songs the Lithuanian expression kukeliai duoda kvapą unexpectedly appears. Sreznevskij in his Materialy dlja slovarja drevnerusskogo jazyka does not include either fioly or mandragory, but the second word is recorded by both Dal' and Vasmer in their dictionaries.2 One can thus assume that fioly in Codex 262 is the first deliberate use of this word in Byelorussian, and in East Slavonic languages in general. A similar expression in Polish, written variously as fiołek, fijołek and fijałek was known from the 15th century with the connotation viola ododrata L. It corresponds to the later Russian loan word from Polish fialka and fiol', and to the Ukrainian fijalka, fijalok (Cheirantus cheiri).
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    ISSN 2081-4208 Biblioteka Narodowa Bibliografia Zawartości Czasopism kwiecień 2019 rok 8378-11246 WYKAZ DZIAŁÓW 0(045/046) DZIAŁ OGÓLNY 327(045/046) Polityka zagraniczna. Polityka międzynarodowa 00(045/046) Naukoznawstwo. Informacja. Dokumentacja. Ro- 327(4-67)(045/046) Polityka Unii Europejskiej dzaje pisma 327(438)(045/046) Polityka zagraniczna Polski 004(045/046) Informatyka 328(045/046) Parlamenty. Przedstawicielstwa narodowe. Rządy 005(045/046) Zarządzanie. Biurowość 329(045/046) Partie i ruchy polityczne 006(045/046) Normalizacja 33(045/046) Nauki ekonomiczne. Spółdzielczość 008(045/046) Kultura 331(045/046) Praca 01/02(045/046) Bibliografia. Bibliotekarstwo. Bibliologia 332(045/046) Gospodarka regionalna i terytorialna 050+070(045/046) Czasopiśmiennictwo. Dziennikarstwo 336(045/046) Finanse. Podatki 06(045/046) Organizacje. Wystawy. Muzea 338(045/046) Sytuacja gospodarcza. Polityka gospodarcza. 1(045/046) FILOZOFIA. LOGIKA. METODOLOGIA Usługi. Ceny 159.9(045/046) Psychologia 338(438)(045/046) Sytuacja gospodarcza Polski. Polityka go- 17(045/046) Etyka spodarcza Polski 2(045/046) RELIGIA. TEOLOGIA 338.48(045/046) Turystyka 27(045/046) Chrześcijaństwo. Kościoły i wyznania chrześci- 339.1/.5(045/046) Handel wewnętrzny i zagraniczny jańskie 339.7/.9(045/046) Finanse międzynarodowe. Międzynarodowe 272(045/046) Katolicyzm. Kościół rzymskokatolicki stosunki gospodarcze 3(045/046) NAUKI SPOŁECZNE. PRAWO. ADMINISTRA- 339.7/.9(4-67)(045/046) Finanse Unii Europejskiej. Gospo- CJA darka Unii Europejskiej 30(045/046) Metodologia nauk społecznych. Problematyka 34(045/046) Nauki prawne. Prawo płci 341(045/046) Prawo międzynarodowe 308(045/046) Socjografia. Sytuacja społeczna poszczególnych 342(045/046) Prawo państwowe. Prawo administracyjne krajów, narodów. Reportaże dotyczące różnych zagadnień 343(045/046) Prawo karne społecznych 346(045/046) Prawo gospodarcze 311(045/046) Statystyka 347(045/046) Prawo cywilne 314(045/046) Demografia.
  • Proposal to Encode Additional Cyrillic Characters Used in Early Church Slavonic Printed Books

    Proposal to Encode Additional Cyrillic Characters Used in Early Church Slavonic Printed Books

    Proposal to Encode Additional Cyrillic Characters used in Early Church Slavonic Printed Books Aleksandr Andreev* Yuri Shardt Nikita Simmons PONOMAR PROJECT 1 Introduction Church Slavonic (or Church Slavic, ISO 639-2 code cu) is a highly codified, living, literary lan- guage used by the Slavs. Presently, various recensions of Church Slavonic are used by Slavic Or- thodox Churches, such as the Russian Orthodox Church, and by Slavic Byzantine-Rite Catholic Churches as primary or secondary liturgical languages. Historically, the language was used not only for liturgical texts and religious literature but also for secular academic literature, such as grammars, lexicons, and even astronomical treatises, prior to the codification of literary recen- sions of vernacular Slavic languages. Church Slavonic has been wrien in two scripts – Cyrillic and the earlier Glagolitic. is proposal focuses on Church Slavonic texts printed in the Cyrillic alphabet only. In this document, the authors identify nine Cyrillic characters used in early Church Slavonic printed books published between 1500 and 1700. e characters can be classified as being of three types: characters used in historically important literary texts (such as the Bible printed by Fran- cysk Skaryna, the Ostrog Bible printed by Ivan Fedorov, or the Trebnik compiled by Metropolitan Peter Mogila). ese texts are of immense value to academics studying the history of Slavic lan- guages, the Cyrillic printed tradition, and the Byzantine Rite. e second class constitutes char- acters that are in use in liturgical texts published today by the Russian Old Ritualist community. Old Ritualists rejected the linguistic and liturgical reforms carried out in Russia under Patriarch Nikon and his successors (1653-1700) and continue to use liturgical books that imitate the ear- lier printed tradition.
  • Images of the Jews

    Images of the Jews

    IMAGES OF THE JEWS WROCŁAW THEOLOGICAL REVIEW 26 (2018) No 1 DOI: 10.34839/wpt.2018.26.1.9-18 FR. RAJMUND PIETKIEWICZ JEWS AND THEIR LANGUAGE IN WUJEK’S BIBLE 1599 The Bible in the translation of Jakub Wujek (1541–1597) was the most popular old Polish translation of the Holy Scriptures. In 1593 he published the New Testament.1 In 1599, two years after his death, the whole Bible was published, after a review by a committee of Jesuits.2 It is, therefore, legitimate to conclude that the text of the translation of the whole Bible is that of Wujek, albeit corrected by the committee. The comments on the text were made by Wujek, and as far as the New Testament is concerned, they are almost identi- cal with those of the Bible of 1599 and the New Testament of 1593. The Bible had an extensive preface, titled Apparatus sacer, expanded probably by Marcin Łaszcz.3 Both the commentary and Apparatus sacer, contain a lot of informa- 1 Nowy Testament Pana naszego IESVSA CHRISTVSA. Z nowu z Laćińskiego y z Gręckiego na Polskie wiernie a szczyrze przełożony: y Argumentami abo Summariuszami każdych Kśiąg / y Rozdźiałow / y Annotacyami po brzegach obiaśniony. Przydane są Nauki y Przestrogi mało nie za każdym Rozdźiałem : Porownanie Ewangelistow SS. Dźieie y drogi rozmaite Piotra y Pawła S. y Regestr rzeczy głownieyszych na końcu. Przez D. IAKVBA WVYKA, Theologa Societatis IESV. Z dozwoleniem Starszych. Pod rozsądek Kośćioła S. Powszechnego Rzymskiego wszytko niech podlęże, Kraków, A. Piotrkowczyk, 1593, 4° (copy: National Ossoliński Institute in Wrocław, catalogue number XVI.Qu.3065) [hereafter abbreviated as NT 1593].
  • Ala Kozhynava Features of the Biblical Translations Made on the Territory of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand

    Ala Kozhynava Features of the Biblical Translations Made on the Territory of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand

    Pobrane z czasopisma Studia Bia?orutenistyczne http://bialorutenistyka.umcs.pl Data: 28/09/2021 19:22:25 DOI:10.17951/sb.2020.14.235-247 Studia Białorutenistyczne 14/2020 LINGUISTICS ISSN: 1898-0457 e-ISSN: 2449-8270 Licence: CC BY 4.0 Ala Kozhynava Belarusian State University, Minsk (Belarus) Email: [email protected] ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-7037 Features of the Biblical Translations Made on the Territory of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 16th Century Osobliwości tłumaczeń biblijnych z terenów Królestwa Polskiego i Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego w XVI wieku Асаблівасці біблейскіх перакладаў, створаных на тэрыторыі Польскага Каралеўства i Вялікага княства Літоўскага ў XVI ст. Abstract The article provides an overview of biblical translations created in the 16th century on the territory of the CrownUMCS of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. On the example of verses 1.5–7 from the Book of Ecclesiastes a speciic translation technique and the reasons for the differences between the original and translated text are considered. The study uses the method of textological analysis. The author comes to the following conclusions. Firstly, it can be a clash of different language systems, since the original language and the language of biblical translation refer not only to different language groups, but also to different language families. Secondly, a strong opposition to the accuracy of the translation is a different understanding of the text, due to differences in religion. By the time of the creation of most Slavic translations, Christian exegetics was fundamentally different both from the ancient understanding of sacred texts and from the interpretation adopted in the rabbinical tradition.