~. Chicano passive are being dismantled. out, as long as we were watching them," Studies and Chicano Counseling Center faculty and 8 on the W.S.U. Staff. Pull- Linda added. Maria, a participant in the M.E.Ch.A. man' total Chicano population is 195. Staffs and members of the Chicano com- "I know that in my home, even though Conference session, expressed the old Chicanas are becoming more politically munity in Washington participated in dis- school was important to my parents, we stereotype when she said, " ... a woman and socially active. With the power of cussions of sex role socialization among were expected to serve our brothers and who is born to have kids and raise a education, 'and our desire to have the . Chicanos and Chicanas. The participants father when we were in the home. We live family. She is not traditionally as self- freedom to seek fulfillment in whatever in the seminar expressed definite beliefs in a barrio and there the traditional atti- determined as the male." way each woman may choose, we are and attitudes about the changes that men tude is more supported and perpetuated . Bound by the tradition of the home and dismantling the outdated, inhibitive ster- and women in the Chicano culture are by the whole community of people," com- experiencing. the importance of the male role in the eotype. . family, the Chicana struggles with her mented Rosa. • Nothing is changing more than the Traditionally, the importance of the sisters of all colors to insist on a more The young Chicana is the instrument of Chicana's view of herself. The Chicana male has determined to a great extent the equitable role. She seeks to have the the change. She is the remodeler with a has long been bound by the expectations role and activities of the woman (in the freedom to choose whether or not to purpose. The Chicana seeks a new indivi- placed upon her by both the larger society home), "Well, my mother never stressed marry, to have children, how many chil- duality which depends more on her own and the traditional Chicano/Mexicano learning to cook, sew or please a man in dren and whether or not to have a career. inner development as a person and does community. Many have long been bound the home, but I could see her example as I. More and more Chicanas are enrolling by the limitations placed on them by was growing up," explained Lupe, an- in universities. This semester there are 51 other participant in the sexism sessions. cont. on page 2 Chicano Recruiting Film Produced Here Chicano student historv at Washington strictest sense, this film cannot be consi- State University reachesa new milestone was also interesting and appealing and location shooting, recording and editing _ dered a documentary. which presented Chicanos in a positive with the film "Higher Ground" which Yet this film IS a document which Ms. Torrescano readily points out that the Blanca Santos de Torrescano has been way. I filmed the positive things about final product was really a community captures Chicanos doing their thing in Chicanos today at WSU - Chicanos in a making during the past four months. In- effort. All those who participated in mak- classes and in their social environments positive way. I filmed the positive things deed, it is an important event for the ing the film possible should share with around campus. It covers classroom acti- about Chicanos today at WSU - the good whole Chicano community at Washington vities and portrays Chicano professors pride in the film 'Higher Ground.' Profes- State University. things, their participation in M.E.Ch.A., sors and students who appear in ·the film and staff assisting students in their studying and professors and counselors This is an important first for Blanca. It programs. One thing it does not do is point' should feel that their participation was is also an important first for the Chicano assisting students as they put their acade- important. out any negative areas. Ms. Torrescano mic programs together." community and Chicano Studies. It is also points out why. Regarding the audience intended for "Higher Ground" was paid for by M.E.- a first for Washington State University. "I wanted to tell students around the this film, the producer-director indicated "Higher Ground" is an experimental Ch.A. and Chicano Studies, each contri- that it was expressly done for recruit- state who are considering coming to WSU buting half of the cost. It started as a class film, in part a documentary. More impor- and Chicanos in Pullman about the posi- ment. However, because recruitment is tantly, it is an aesthetically pleasing and project which was supposed to run no many things, parents, students in high tive things in which we are involved. But more than 15-20 minutes; gradually it informative film about Chicanos. In the more than that, I wanted a film which school and community colleges, students evolved into something bigger. In its final at WSU, professors and community peo- version "Higher Ground" is a forty min- ple should come away satisfied after ute color production for which the viewing their film. producer-director is getting academic Ms. Torrescano also pointed out that credit. . "Another purpose of Higher Ground is Besides the academic credit, she says that it documents for future classes what that "I got a lot of experience and much was happening on this campus today. It more personal satisfaction." preserves for future use and reference, While she did all of the actual work _ scripting, camera work.-scheduling, on- cont. on page 2 De Piedras Negras a WS.U "Siempre tuve un gran deseo de estudiar y mejorar mi situacion Idaho ya en el departmento de em- personal y economica," dice la Sra. pleos, ya reclutando estudiantes Blanca Santosde Torrescano. para el coIegio de Southern Idaho. De origen campesino, la Sra. de Aqui precisamente se presenta una Torrescano recuerda 10 dificil que de las ironias de su vida pues dedi- fue superar los obstaculos sociales y caba su tiempo para que otros culturales, las dudas que su am- pudieran ir a la universidad, pero biente familiar Ie producian. Crea- ella misma no tomaba la oportuni- da a la mexican a conservadora, de dad de ir al colegio. padres tradicionales quienes Recuerda la Sra. de Torrescano desearon la superacion de todos sus que eI trabajo de reclutamiento hijos, pero dada la falta de recursos "me hizo reconocer que entre mas economicos en la cual era mas im- me afanaba en buscar para otros portante educar a los hombres, tuvo las oportunidad de ir al colegto. que truncar sus estudios al termin- Recuerda la Sra. de Torrescano ar la securndaria. que el trabajo de reclutamiento '''me hizo reconocer que entre mas "Las necesidades economicas de mi familia dictaron el camino a me afanaba en buscar para otros seguir," dice la ahora estudiante de las oportunidades de la educacion ciencias de la comunicacion. Sus Superior, yo misma no me supera- aspiraciones academicas fueron ba, ni alcanzaba mt anhelo de ir a la pospuestas por mas de diez anos universidad. Era dificil dejar mi durantes los cuales trabajo con var- trabajo para dedicarme a estudiar agencias federales y estatales. cosa que finalmente decidi hacer las tres anos." Blanca Santos de Torrescano, junior in communications and director- Durante todos esos anos su trabajo producer of Higher Ground. la mantuvo cerca de la comunidad En 1976 Blanca inicio sus estudios chicana en el sur del estado de -Photo by Natalie Barnes cont. on page 2 (---From· TheDirector'-.-- . I have a very beautiful Filipina friend in California. But like nearly ev~ryone e.ls~,1 she did not believe it when told of her good looks or of her great personality. Yet It IS those pennanent qualities of our sour which en.dure when we get old. So I wrote a poem to my friend about those qualities of beautr which are permanent,Beauty i~ F~rever. At another time Marianne was wondering why she was so lonely and didn t have a boyfriend although .she dated frequently. Part of the problem is that she had broken up with the. ~an she planned to marry. She asked when the pain and loneliness would end. I responded that life involves a series of cycles. When we start a cycle we must go through all the phases before we can start again.

------,-----,- Fernando Padilla My Stream. The Summer drought is the pain of death, Today I had a dream the shattering of love, and Of my meandering stream. the immensity of loneliness; Its course was set by God Autumn is the difficult interlude, Who knew its every drop and sod, the drought of pain, From the highest mountain . To its opening fountain. questions, and "Oh,.Dream, Oh, Dream, guilt Tell me my stream have passed Will always be fulfilled but there lingers still To the top of the til! " memories of lost hopes and hopes to come. Mr. Antonio y Mrs. carmen atrdenas receiving the Memorial Certificate "Child of God, Yet we must finish Autumn from President Glenn Terrell at .the recent ceremonies at the president's Every living blade and clod And go through Winter Has its own season house. Before Spring we can enter. Which gives it Reason. For our stream to be fulfilled My streams Requires we allow it to In Winter fill, orderly traverse its seasons. ~alendarof Event~ Chicanas" In Spring spill, cont. from page I In Summer die, Thus with patience ETHNIC WOMEN'S And in Autumn cry .. Will come the maintenance For Winter rains again." Of our complete dream." CULTURAL WEEK not need the props or excuses of someone else's machismo. So with life's cycles. March 27,.29,1979 "Child of the Bright, The essense of the change seems to be TUEsDAY, WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY- "Child of the Light, I dream of a beautiful sight in the way that the Chicana views hersel~. March 27-29 Of a fulfilled team Where at one time a woman was consi- Winter is the gentle rain of our routine; NOONTIME PROGRAMS on the Spring is the joy of God, Bya stream- dered a "reproductive" member of socie- MALL. (Rain: Clevenger Lounge, CUB) of love, A stream called Marianne Light." ty, she has begun to seek to be a "produc- Presentations by Asian American, Of marriage, tive" member of society. Black American, Chicana, Native Ameri- of children, and The transformation overlaps the tradi- Fernando can, and International Women of peace and happiness; tional and the new world Chicana is this May 26.1975 (Chicanas will show the film; "Higher generation; the spark existed in many?f Ground" for their presentation) our mothers. "Now that my mother IS BEAUTY IS FOREVER MONDAY, MARCH 26,12-2 p.m. working, there is a change. My mother CUB - Room to be Announced told us that we should get a college God looked deep in me But eternal beauty is in the ETHNIC WOMEN'S PANEL DISCUS- education. She encourages us not to let And called forth to me, quality of your soul SION anyone suppress us," explained Dora. "The beauty of your soul is great to see!" Any may be found in: WEDNESDAY, MARCH 28, 8:00 p.m. at But it is in our generation also that the To see? The honesty of your love, W.S.U. Coliseum tensions of the change explodes. The ten- Who can see Your happiness with life, LECTURE/PERFORMANCE - BUFFY sions are not simply between being a Good and evil, That certain twinkle in your eye. SAINTE-MARIE. Recording Artist, Sing- homemaker and fulltime mother or being Love and hate, When 1 thus seek your beauty er, Instrumentalist, Songwriter. a careerwornan. The tensions include the 'Righte'otrSness'and injustice, •( ,I look beneath y01,l1' face -. Tickets available at: Coliseum Box Of- transformation of a culture - from a :Purity of thought and-weakness-of action? •To find every tt:ace ..' . . fice,·Empil'e - Pullman, Paradise Records' strong traditional family c~\ltere~ess to Of the very core of your soul. - CUB, Super Disco - Lewiston, U of I SUB a new life style. The Chicana feels the I thus replied in humbleness to God, -Moscow. cost of her desire for freedom, and caught " Beauty in my face can be seen And God commanded me, Price: $5.00 - General Admission. $2.00 _ between understanding and appreciating But who can see the "Marianne,let your happiness shine Children under 12. the community of her parents and her metaphysical thing? ", For all time THURSDAY, MARCH 29, 5:30 p.m. own needs for self-pride and self- "Tonta!" I was told. For I truly see Scandinavian Room - CUB. determination, the young Chicana makes ETHNIC FOODS BANQUET. When you die The real beauty in thee." her decision. "I hope to keep changing. In I ask not how you sigh Tickets: $5.50 - Students, $7:50 - Non- going back home," described Itsia, "I students Nor the shape of your hips Mariana, Mariana hope I can tell my parents (so they under- Nor even the curl of your lips. Hija de Dios Tickets available at YWCA 8:00p.m. stand) that this is my life." . You are truly beautiful The Chicana is not fighting a battle WIth Physical beauty is to be found CUB Auditorium Fernando the Chicano. She encourages and acknow- in youth's mortal roll ETHNIC WOMEN'S CULTURAL ledges the changing male who is growing May 8, 1975 PROGRAM with her. She seeks not to alienate or Sponsored by WSU Council of Women of blame him but to encourage him in his Color, YWCA, and AWS. own search. "It's an AWARENESS that is rUnited Inside the Walls•• catching on both for males and for females who are Chicano. Just being January of 1972 was the beginning were: to promote education, to• ad- Chicano film yourself! That's true liberation!" con- cont. from page 1 of a period which brought many vance toward a better understand- cluded Esther. changes inside the walls of the state . ing with the community, to develop the history of today's student and his/her prison at Wa~la Walla: After ~n skill in arts and crafts, and to involvement. " eighteen-day sitdown strike, certain provide social therapy. Besides the Ms. Torrescano pointed out too that the privileges were granted which had weekly meeting. we were allowed Chicano presence in Pullman is too im- De Piedras Negras heretofore been prohibited; for ex- one festivity a year. The first year portant to adequately cover in one film. cont. from page I ample, we were allowed to let our we celebrated September 16th with "Separate films on each program and universitarios en Washington State hair and beards grow, and to wear 250 outside guests in attendance. each class are needed. This would give a more complete image of who Chicanos University. Su mayor ternor era la street clothes. Another innovation, Now at the beginning of 1979, posibiJidad de fl acasar, pero si no 10 and perhaps the one which created after five years on parole, I have are and what they are doing. For exam- ple, the Education Conference held.in the intentaba nunca iba a saber. "Tenia the greatest impact was permission come back to find many changes. A miedo de de Fall is too important to be a small piece of fracasar, cometer er- from Superintendent B. J. Rhay to permanent location has been as- rores porque no queria desilusion- organize cultural groups as well as signed the Chicanos for their club Higher Ground. It merits a film by itself and thus, the film which was taken in the anne. Pero inicialmente fue el mie-. other service clubs. making it possible to create more do que me hizo con mas Fall will be eventually edited into a short, 10 estudiar January of 1972 was also the cultural atmosphere, with murals dedicacion. Ahora se que puedo y 15 minute film." beginning of my fourth year on a' decorating the brick walls, a con- que pronto terminare mis estudios "The film introduces the concept of fifteen year sentence behind the cession stand which sells chile con en la carrera de produccion de tele- walls. At that time there were carne, burritos, etc., and a large college: the good things. It points out who vision. seventeen Chicanos besides myself sign reading "Chicano Culture the Chicano professors are and the ser- Indica la futura productora de in residence. Our organizational Center", the new name that ~as vices that are available. It includes the television que no pretende ni aspira meeting found us working together been chosen. I find it a refreshing serious academic courses and the more ser actriz; a ella Ie interesa mas la in search of a name, a slate of retreat _ a place to relax and fun classes, such as the dance class. It produccion y direccion, Si la pelicu- officers, and goals that could bring remind myself of my heritage _ in tries to point out that learning can be fun, la que acaba de filmar sobre las positive results for us during our the spare time that I have away that classes and college are fun. Instruc- experiencias de los Chicanos en stay inside. from the college classes in which I tors try to reaffirm that college edu~atio~ Washington State University es una We voted to accept Albert am enrolled, the Creative Writer's is attainable to anyone who can stick It indiCacion, tiene una carrere Torres's suggested name for the Group, and the AA chapter of which out. They (instructors) try to make productiva por delante. club, "United Chicanos", and elect- I am secretary. students see that success tomorrow is Para terminal' ia entrevista, la ed the following officers: Mauro possible only because one studied today." Sra, de Torrescano indico que la Valenzuela, President; Frank As Ilook back to the beginnings of Blanca also sees the instructors in the importancia de esta, no es el exito Mata, Vice-president; Nach Her- the club, I feel it was a privilege t.o film as role-models. The audience, under- que ell ha tenido en sus estudios nandez, Secretary; Amado Caden- have been its first president. Also.Jt graduates and high school students, sino la posibilidad de servir como as, Sgt.-at-Arms. We were fortunate was work! Jimmy Joe Lucero, the should view the professors as former ejempio y modelo para las muchas to have Mrs. Lupe Zuniga as spon- current president, is a good organ- students who made it because they made mujeres chicanas y mexicanas sor, and our first outside guest was izer. He has the respect of the some decisions about where they were quienes tienen la capacidad intelec- Armando Mendosa who brought group. He adyises the members to going. tual y los talentos para mejorarse, , w(th hiJ;ri;ll. group of stueJents from respect each other and ~e i!lsti.tu- Ms. Torrescano pointed out that one "Es dificil para toda mujer casa- Seattle University. They, as well as tion so that, in turn, the InstItution message of this film is: "It is not merely da y mas dificil para las que tienen other. visitors during, those early,. may also respect our organization. enough to make it to school but one must hijos perohaymuc~as ~,?si,?,ili~a~e~, days"hel~ "us ;~tQIlc;hiev,e\·some\ !ry to develop academically, personally . at 'alCa:nce' dE! elias. En' ta pehcuia , J _p~~ to~_cJ.,?~ 8~1~ _w~ichi ~d.s members of the Chicano communi- , •'qu~'ftlnie'pretertdo'ffiostiit algurias' ty." de estas P:Qsi,tUl.kW.les()':iBl ...... z EL MENSAJERO Mar. 20, .171 , h snSS%¥Sh*', \ T.0 tee d'O'Itor'uussssssSi To the Editor: In the March 6, 1979 issue of the MEN- framework of paper and add the editor's SAJERO there appeared and article titled own lines to make a personal statement. "Is everyone playing fair?". Since my Readers cannot condone the use of a name appears at the bottom of this "opin- newspap,er as a pulpit for the purpose of ion" supposedly expressed by me, I feel e.xp~un~Ing the editor's biases. This prac- that it is my duty to respond to what I feel tice IShighly unprofessional. is a misrepresentation of facts and ideas What would have been more appro- expressed in a paper I submitted for priate in this case would have been to publi~ation. The misrepresentation, I con- print the article with punctuation and/or te~~ IS due to careless and irresponsible grammatical corrections and cuts if editing: the kind of which no "free" nec~ssary; then in a seperate column newspaper can allow. The result was the desired editorial comments could have been published. creation of an opinion skewed in such a way to reflect the editor's own, not mine. . What is at stake here is not the expres- Wh e reupon submitting anything to sron of my individual opinion, but that of prmt, any author recognizes the possibili- all contributors: present and future. More ty of cuts to the original text in the specifically the viability of the Mensajero interests of space availab ilrty. Considera- as an Instrument for genuine Chicano nons of this kind prepare one to expect to expression. Therefore since I feel that these tenen~s have been violated, I can Professor Ruben Trejo discussing Chicano Art with approximately 100 loose a few paragraphs, compounded by the urgency of deadlines revision of the take no credit for the article as it appears. high school and community college students at the recent "Semana final product is often difficult. Gracias, Chicana" held at Eastern Washington University In this case however, lack of space was Photo by Hipolito Sarmiento no~ a critical problem. The editor sought Yvonne C. Martt'nez (Roberts) to Include portions new to the author and thereby change the text. In fact, the paper The editor regrets the inconvenience to Current Events at Cheney was written before events cited by the and the misrepresentation of Ms. Martin- editor had occurred; therefore they could ez' (Roberts') viewpolnt. The article in After speaking with Esteban Sena, the tied, "Chicano Experience" and involves not possibly have been mine. The article question as written by the student is Director of the Chicano Education discussion of the political and economic was written before Carter's visit to Mexi- reprinted in its entirety on page 6. 'NO Program at Eastern Washington Univer- conditions which affect the Chicano com- co in February of 1979. The insertion of EF~ORT has been made to correct gram- ' sity, it was found that the Program is munity. In addition, they are offering a u.p:Cinco de Mayo celebration here m Pullman IS being supported by MEChA in cooperation with Chicano Studies From Rosal(a Marquez, Rosalra Cardenas and the community. Sylvia Cavazos, Yvonne Roberts' . Each. of the committees within MEChA have been asked to write up their It seems like winter is begin- Moises J. Torrescano, Rene Cis~ respective budgets. These should be ready to submit at the budget hearings ning to leave us here in Pull- .neros, Betty Leone,_tIerQlarlrOa,r."-, which ~re. set for April. If you have any input as to what you want funded next man; the sun has begun to .shine era, Lupe Castillo.,~ ..,. ,~, ," .,- year within MEChA we would appreciate it if you contacted someone on the more often these days. I hope the cornrruttees a~d gave them your ide.as. Also, your support is needed. The specific change in the weather will keep EI Mensajero es un periodico estu- date and 10c~tlOn of the budget hearings WIll be published in a later issue. everyone in good spirits. diantil escrito por Chicanos que se On the United Farmworkers issue, people have expressed their concerns as the I would like to mention to all edita mensualmente bajo la direc- present status of the union. In reply, a letter was sent out by the M.E.S.A. on students at W.S.U. that we would Ma.rch 9, 1~79 requesting any new information on the position and status of the like to see how you are doing cion de miembros de la comuni- Union at this time. Any mformation we receive from La Paz will be-published at ' throughout the semester. It's dad Chicana y con el auspicio a later date. great to see students who have econdmico de M.E.Ch.A. EI Men- Many ?f you are aware that elections here on campus for next year's assembly just done well on exams and are sajero abre sus puertas de edicion are coming up. As one of the A:SWSU committees who will be cooperating with doing well academically. It is a aquellas personas interesadas en the a,ssembly, ~EChA has decided to contact the presidential/vice-presidential also good to see students become candld~tes and mVlte them to the MEChA meeting set for March 14 At th' , involved in activities that they publicar art(culos de interes. they Will present their platforms.' . IS tIme, a're interested in and show pride Favor de dirigirse a: The next MEChA Central meeting will be hosted by MEChA here at WSU. It in their accomplishments. I hope will take plac~ In College Hall 330 at 2:00 PM on March 24, 1979. The agenda for this semester is a good one for all EL MENSAJERO NEWSLETTER the next meetmg ISas follows: chicanos and chicanas. 330 COLLEGE HALL A few Call to order - Welcoming address by Frank Moreno WSU Minutes Reminders/Announcements: Pullman, WA 99164 Introduction of representatives from each school 1. If you need a summer job, OLD BUSINESS start looking now! Stop by if you The articles printed in EL A. Constitution write-up need help. MENSAJ ERO are the sole NEW BUSINESS 2. Bring in any old tests, notes, responsibility of individual cont- A. Election of officers or papers that you have from ributors. The views, style and B, Reports from each school past classes so they can be content expressed in them are C. Set date for next meeting shared with other students. Ol!r those of each writer and do not Film presentation - "Higher Ground" TEST-FILE box is growing slow- reflect those of the editors, staff Adjournment ly, but surely. or M.E.Ch.A. 3. We are in the process of help- Articles and lettel-s submitted ing students form study groups. to EL MENSAJERO for publica- If you would like to study in a tion should be typed on 8Y2 X 11 group with students taking the paper, double-spaced with 1" Chicanos into College System same class, let us know. We will margins. NO EFFORT will be try to help you get together with made by EL MENSAJERO to MEChA at Eastern Washington Univer- establishing the birth of MEChA Central. others. correct grammatical, style or, sity (EWlT) was the host to 70 high school MEChA Central will become the umbrella 4, The staff feels it is also im- spelling errors. Seniors and a few Juniors, from 11 differ- of all MEChA chapters on campus in the portant to form groups ef under- Articles or letters which are ent high schools. The theme for this high schools, as well as the community graduate and graduate students ~ubmittedlate will be published year's Semana Chicana was (Vivir Para colleges and universities. The next meet- majoring in the same areas. We In the next possible issue of EL Aprender). The main goal of the confer- ing of MEChA Central will be hosted by will be sending out information MENSAJERO. Wherever possi- ence was to encourage Chicano students the WSU MEChA on March 24, 1979 ALL to individual students soon (lists ble, the editors will check with to further their education. The purpose of DAY. of other students' names with the author before deletions are the three-day conference was: (A) to La Semana Chicana also had Ruben the same major). Talking over made if such deletions alter the familiarize the student with the university Trejo, an Assistant Professor of Art here questions and concerns about the focus of the article. Or, if not and how it works, and (B) to show the at EWU, showing a slide presentation of areas and classes with others possible, articles will be exclud. students the opportun ities of various Chicano Art. Ruben used music in the can be very productive. ed from publication until clarifi- programs to aid those that want to attend background which made his presentation 5. We ha ve an additional 13 cation is made. this university or any other colleges. very exciting. students to add to our enroll- Letters should be typed and This years' keynote speakers were: A- A dance at the Davenport Hotel, ment, which makes the total double-spaced, wherever possi- bel,!rdo "Lalo;' Delgado/Chicano poet; Spokane was great, too. Thanks to Juana approximately 164. (We recently ble, and should be limited to Alejandro MejIa who spoke on the Nicara- Caballero who helped to draw the right received a final printout of all about 250 words. They must g':la.n's Struggle for Independence; tickets to Maria Aguirre and Ron Castille- chicanos/as from the Registrar's carry the full name and address VIVIana Visarraga Bailey, Women's ja, who in turn supplied two bottles, and office, for Spring semester.) of the author. Names will be Health Careers; and Cecilia Alvarez who that was the start of a Luscious evening. 6. The Chicano Student Counse- deleted prior to publication upon spoke on Women of the Third World. Art Overall, the Semana Chicana was a lor position (Doctorate required) request but they must be signed. work from high school students was dis- success and only with the help of all is now being advertised for the Photographs and articles from played during the Conference. members of La MEChA Club made it so. I Chicano Student Counseling sources outside Pullman which During La Semana Chicana Los Mechis- would like to take my hat off to these Center. For more information on are requested they be returned tas'de EWU were 'host to all Mecha clubs t • . f-~ 1 ! should .be accompanied by a self- 'thr~u~hout tlle 'state. They participated in ... Cont.iOll pageS , ,cont. on page S ·add~essed stamped envelope ... .~: 1 - '. '" ..... ,.•.. -.. ". EL MENSA.JERO:-Mar.: a, ii71 ' . . ~. , " .•.. ~~.- . '-'Pagina 3 •• " .... I , La Majer Chicano at WSll

Where M

"Each lime you have to establish your even impassioned. her tone was sle c o rn p e t a n ce and credentials either gentle." . Ot because you are young, or you are a Further. the use of words IllRacism by itself is the I~ni Legal Defense Fund) in a May J97!i New ate use of vested power to oPI~d York Times article citing the award people by using physical appear~VE recently made to her by Columbia Unive r- the determinant. lt can be overt 011 0 sity underscores the dilemma faced by There is no men lion of the word li1d Chicanas. a .o. Mexican-American is easieI'en It does so in two ways, one by stating ear and less alarming to Whillen the obvious double bind that Chicanas brain-washed Chicanos. If Vilrl'igh find themselves in when dealing with success, then [ pose the question: \1' racism and sexism. The other message is we have to give up to be successtLlI)cu more subtle; close scruunv will reveal The term Chicana connotes a \ In how the idea of Chicano activism is blan- awareness. In identifying ourse'I~,tl keted. More specifically, the article com, such, we make others award tha~r pletely avoids anv discussion of Chicana involved in a political .st ruggle. ')(hi Feminism. This can be expected from the we attempt to take on all otl1:)m New York Times. but Vilma herself a encourage them to adj ust witl1 ll'arE lawyer. a student of the law, should be change. Marra Ortiz expressed fie Lorene Garda y Garcra. financial aid counselor informed enough to call herself a Chican- sentiments In a poem publrsl1t' j~ u a. The concept of Chicana feminism is earlier MENSAJERO. "Am I de Ie threatening to white men and women and new role for' Chicanas') "~Cl to White-washed Chicanos. As a Chicana. fighting. worl

Lena Licdn, Ph.D. candidate in Education and Rita Duran senior Rita has served the community in various capacities and in numerous committees. Lena is the former assistant Director of Chicano Studies.

Sylvia Gon.ufiez junior majoring in Physical Education

Pagina 4 • Chicana?

511" are at the bottom of any scale, We do as educational levels rise, and has in- eOt have time to quibble about ap- creased yearly, Soaches; we have to take the most direct Chicanas are earning less in all categur c,ute, - ies and the difference in the amounts is j( Department of Labor statistics reveal a getting greater, In 1960, Chicanas were- try disheartening picture, Numerical earning an average of $400,00 less than ~mparisons were made between men I her white counterpart : in 1976 the dint-I', ~,.~d women, White and Chicano/a. on ence had increased to $2,()OO,O(),:"Jol

Sylvia Cavazos senior in Psychology and Biology assisting student in the Office of Financial Aid

Emilda Arenas, Chicano Studies secretary ~------,------Opln~------, The rediscovery of Mexico, bet- This brings us to the next concern vehicles. The higher price for Mexi- what midway, with the largest use terment of relations between the that involves Mexican oil. It is suffi- can crude and the availability of it of domestic oil to occur in 1970, U.S. and Mexico are highly likely cent to say that oil exists in Mexico, to the U.S. can offset each other. when the figure was 77%, as com- due to the growing importance of quite something else to develop it. What the V,S. looses in paying pared to 23% for imports. This Mexican oil to the V.S. Relations According to a former anglo advisor higher prices, it can gain by a however, was the last peak and have not historically been very good to Pemex, Mexico does not lack the reduction in import transportation consumption of domestic oil has between these two nations, and un- technology necessary to develop its costs. decreased ever since. Oil consump- til recently, the V.S. has continued oil. Since Mexico has been involved Despite higher than OPEC prices tion is growing and so is reliance on this tone by down-playing the signi- in developing its oil since 1901,it has for Mexican crude, in trade imports to fill the need. ficance of Mexican oil. Mexico has one of the "finest exploration between the V.S. and Mexico, there In 1975 the U.S. in1Ported 70 thou- oil. The V.S. needs oil. More to the departments in the world". ' is a large deficit in favor of the V.S. sand barrels of Mexican oil a day. point, the U.S. needs Mexican oil. The other concern of course, is In overall transactions the V.S. has In 1978 counting only half 'of the The V.S. need for oil has resulted in capital. In economic terms- this year until July, the V.S. imported a need to cultivate a fresh approach means building facilities. Since as 319 thousand barrels of Mexican oil in dealing with an historically mis- have seen, Mexico has some facili- a day. The largest U.S, importation treated neighbor. In a recent ties, this would probably mean ex- of Mexican oil was between the Washington Post article the Presi- panding existing ones. This expan- years 1977 and 1978, This estimate dent of Mexico, Lopez Portillo was sion could aid the technological can be made if one assumes that quoted as saying i. 'we are treated development in progress, and aid import amounts for the first half of with neither priority nor with the distribution of a greater im- the year equaled the amounts for respect' by the Vnited States." pending demand for Mexican oil. the second half. In three years U.S. The two countries are so close, yet According to Diaz Serrano, imports of Mexican oil have in- distant in many ways. History has whatever Mexico might need or creased from 70 thousand barrels a shown how the Southwest was want in these two areas, technology day to a probable 320 thousand bar- taken from Mexico, and how its or capital, it could buy. rels a day. This is a tremendous citizens who chose to remain have An advantage the V.S. has in increase, been exploited. We will examine dealing with Mexico in particular is Even at these figures the Mexico some of each countries advantages that Mexico is not a member of contribution to the U.S. oil import and disadvantages, and touch on OPEC. Diaz Serrano said that Mexi- picture is only an eight of total U.S. some psychological hinderences co had decided not to join OPEC imports. Total U.S. oil imports are that could make cooperation diffi- because it wanted to remain inde- 40% of total consumption, with the cult. pendant. This is an advantage to largest amount coming from Saudi Mexico's primary advantage is Mexico too, because it offers an Arabia. Whereas Mexico does not ownership. According to Jorge Diaz alternative to countries that feel the figure prominently into the import Serrano, Pemex president, Mexico crunch in dealing with the steep and Yvonne C. Martinez senior picture yet at 5.3%, it soon will if oil has reserves up, to 300 billion bar- narrowing world oil market. Diaz Political Science major export rates to the U.S. con tin ue to rels, , Pemex is the nationalized oil Serrano's other comment regarding grow as they have. "Mexican oil company of Mexico. In 1938,.Mexi- the desire of Mexico to pursue self- a deficit trade balance. The largest production will probably increase can President, Lazaro Cardenas in determination in promoting oil in- purchase that contributes to the- fast enough to ease the shortages of a dispute with foreign owned oil terests was also a response to ques- negative balance is that of oil. The supply expected in the mid-1980's." companies over wage increases for' tioned non-participation in OPEC, U.S. owes large amounts of money The U.S. has many reasons for company workers, nationalized oil and is important not only for tacti- for oil purchases but in relation to being interested in improving rela- production. Standard oil, a V,S. cal reasons but also for psychologi- its dealings with Mexico, Mexicans tions with Mexico in regard to Mexi- based company was one of the com- cal ones. are at a disadvantage. This year can oil. One basic one is its own panies forced out. This expropria- Although 90 percent of Mexican Mexico purchased the amount of economic posture. According to tion as well as .that of other compan- oil goes to the V.S., Mexico has $2,890.001,000in goods from the U.S. president Carter "The U.S. balance ies was an act of resistence to other customers. Recently, in a deal . It has sold to the V.S. goods in the of trade and payments has shifted "Yanqui" highhanded treatment in London it has taken out a loan to amount of $2,462.040,000resulting in this year to large deficit position. and aided to boost the morale of develop some of the much needed a net loss of 427 million dollars. The ... main cause .,. appears to be Mexican citizenry." capital. While a large portion of largest portion of V.S. purchases large oil imports by the United While a recent elusive CIA study Mexico's oil to the U.S., this can from Mexico were for petroleum. States." So. why has the U,S. acted "revealed" that Mexico did indeed change and the oil .can be shipped That figure at 1,178.899,000is almost like it didn't know about Mexican have oil, the amounts of which elsewhere. As we have seen, the half of the total amount of goods oil until recently? The answer is could be comparable to the Middle large portion" of oil finds are near purchased by the V .S. from Mexico. simple, the U.S. has been trying to East, this knowledge has been in the Gulf of Mexico, which would What Mexico purchased in great become self-reliant. One of the existence for a long time. As recent- make it accessible to other coun- quantity may soon turn the tide of ways it has tried to do this is by ly as 1972, statistics have been avai- tries by sea. The Gulf of Mexico this deficit. The majority of Mexi- developing its own comprehensive l\lble.,rt:garding Mexico's oil avai~a- could become as important as the can puchases from the V.S. this energy policy. When Secretary 11 ..,' tfilitY'and probability; Sources list Persian Gulf. Finally, Diaz Serrano year were, for goods that relate to Vance was asked in reference to an Mexican reserves as "5,4 billion in an interview with U.s.journalists industrial development. The drain, impending trip to Mexico, what barrels, comprising approximately made a point of stating that Israel is on the U.S. dollar is for petroleum. Mexican oil reserves would mean to 3.6 percent of the Western Hemis- and has been a good customer. So, The drain on the Mexican dollar is a U.S. trade deficit due to large oil phere's reserves of 151 billion bar- Mexico does not have to deal with for industrialization. Industrial imports, he replied: " ... the stand- rels." Now Mexican extfmates the U.S. on U.S. 'terms; that have development investments will pay point of the United States at this alone have grown to double the then historically been to the detriment-of for themselves in the long run. point is to go on with an energy bill estimated amounts for the Western Mexico. If it can't get its price from Petroleum expenditures will not which will provide the necessary,

Hemisphere. "In 1971, Mexico was the U.S., it can get it elsewhere. decrease and go away, if they con- framework for cutting back con- ';~".' the fourth largest producer of crude Another related development that tinue as they do to support a society sumption of oil in the United ~'Si<. oil in the Western Hemisphere has resulted, is the higher price for that bases its maintenance on oil. States." This reply, that really " ;c (after U.S., Venezuela, and Cana- Mexican crude. In terms of dollar A chief V.S. disadvantage is its didn't answer the question, was a

da)." 'Processing facilities indicat- amounts, $14.10 is the Mexican continued reliance on imported oil. reiteration of the U.S. need for ~."":'-',l.. ~. > ; ~~, ..,.~~ ed by dots on a map blanket the price per barrel, .20 more than "The United States is the world's some kind of energy policy. His - Gulf region, with the largest OPEC. Accessibility to Mexican oil largest consumer and the largest oil reply did not close out the possibili- production capacities in Salmana- is important to the U.S. strategical- importer." A table showing U.S. oil ty of negotiations with Mexican offi- ca, MinatitIan, and Tula. Projec- ly. The Middle East is a long way consumption shows' a steady cials. The U.S. needs to cut back, he tions of possible petroleum findings off. Oil tankers need to be rented, decrease in consumption of domes- said, and relying on Mexico will just were in the Burgos basin, and the bought, or leased to bring oil over tically produced oil, and an in- put off the inevitable belt tighten- Tampico and Vera Cruz embay- from Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and creased reliance on imports. In ing. ._ ment areas. This all means that other OPEC Countries. Then there 1955, use of domestic oil was 85%, So, in February of this year Presi- -,~~,~:-~' Mexican oil is not a new discovery. is the danger of oil spills. Trucks compared to use of imported oil at dent Carter will make a trip to It has been known to the Mexicans can be used to ship oil from Mexi- 15%. In 1977, these figures showed a Mexico city. If we can use the ~,.(:~, for some time, at least before the can oil fields to destribution points dramatic change from 53%con- recent natural gas incident as an .... CIA made its surprise finding. Only in the U.S. Of the goods purchased sumption of oil from domestic indication of what to expect, then , ...,:~ .... now has the U.S. taken note of it, by Mexico from the V.S., among sources and 47% from imported the U.S. is going to have to polish its only now that it needs it. them were a number of transport sources. This trend' changed some- diplomatic apple in dealing with its long maligned sister country. The U.S. agreed to purchase natur- ANNOUNCEMENf al gas from Mexico at a certain price, and then backed down, trying Registration through Campus to get Mexico to agree to a lower Recreation (CUB B-19) for my College System From Rosalia price. The Mexicans refused to even Beginning & Intermediate Hatha after building a long expensive pipe- Yoga class will re-open after March cont. from page 3 cont. from page 3 line. This has strained relations and .'~~"-:.,. 26. We still will be meeting on Mon- Carter's visit along with Spanish ~~...,. people who were exceptional with the the qualifications, contact me at days from 7: 00 to 8: 30 p.m. Register lessons in an attempted patch-up ~ help. the Center. early since enrollment is limited. job. - For my section, current students The U.S. dependance on foreign "'::,.....i. 1. Olga Montiel will be given first priority; then If there are any additional que- oil has increased, and so has mexi- ~:)- those who officially preregistered. 2. \ Marfa Aguirre stions or comments about the cos oil production. Forseeing the 'At, The class fee is $15.00 for, each 6 3. Ronauldo Castilleja' Center's activities, write or call: benefits of independance, Mexico 4. Ernestina Contreras week session. has chosen to act as its own broker. 5. Ysidro Esparza For those of you who can not meet The U.S. has recognized this, and 6. Mary Obrien Chicano Student on Monday evenings, another sec- Counseling Center failing" to curtail its own oil use, tion instructed by JoAnn Abbey is College Hall 330 through an energy policy, has offered on Wednesdays from 7:00 to The MEChA Club also made tamales Washington State University looked south to a country who's 8:30p.m. the day before the Conference, thirty Pullman, Wa 99164 border it had an historically unpo- dozen. But by the time they were brought pular role in creating. "The art of hatha yoga lies in being (509) 335·2616 to the Office, people ~ere waiting and It is as Diaz Serrano said "Mexico able to sense where one's physical within the day all tamales were sold. boundaries are; not tormenting the oil" . Special thanks to Yolanda Gomez for body and oneself because one isn't showing us how to make them and for the able to execute some advanced pos- use of her kitchen and sorry for the mess SAYINGS OF SAl BABA ture, but gently hovering at a parti- after! • cular boundary, asking and encour- Do not blame others by pointing out their faults. You will find, upon self- aging the body to open up more." examination, the faults you see in others are in you. When you correct yourself, from , the world becomes correct. Samuel H. Sandweill, M.D. (Dr. Oscar Sanchez Sandweill has a psychiatric prac-" " pres.lMEChA When a line "isdrawn through the" I" it becomes the symbol of the Cross; what is tice in San Diego, Calif.) Eastem WaShington UniversIty' . crucified j~t,heego ..T~ery th,e divine nature manifests with0l'lt restriction, ,; " Paginal EL"'ENS4J~O,~r.20, .'79 Failures and Triumphs: Majoring in Communications "I'm majoring in communications". To or failure of his or her work. most people this means radio. Radio is an assignments. Students in Communica- It is essential that persons interested in tions 165 must also read TIME magazine important part of the communications T.V. production or in any of the fields of from cover to cover because once a week field but it is just one of the many areas communication develop certain skills. they are tested on its contents. This class that the term 'communications' encom- One of these skills is the ability to write passes. Other areas include advertising, well and clearly. can be difficult, especially if the student is unaware of what awaits him or her as far cinema, journalism and public relations, The best place to start developing writ- broadcasting and television production. ing skills is while still in high school. as the work-load is concerned. It is a lot of My particular segment of studies Students should take as many English work but when most students are through centers on broadcasting and my primary and composition courses as they' can. ~1tJ:t ~e c~urs~, they have. little difficulty area of specialized study is television In fittmg right Into a working situation at Practice and experience teaches the per- any station. ' production. son to write so that everyone understands Television production is an exciting the message. Literature classes also help field especially if you're the type of per- However, Communications 185 is just since reading various types of writing the beginning. After this students begin to son who enjoys working with people and helps students in developing a personal can perform under pressure. Working in branch out into more specialized training style. Knowing how to type and spell in the areas mentioned before. Regarr'less production is demanding because a per- correctly are absolutely necessary. son has to constantly call on every talent of the area of interest, students should Most communications students here at and ability he or she possesses. One quali- take courses from different sequences of W.S.U. have to take several basic classes tya person must have is patience. Work- study. For instance, if a student is in ,before they are allowed to take more production, cinema courses can be help- ing with nervous actors, temperamental advance course work. Diana Cantu organizer of the visits engineers and crews and soothing the ful. In cinema the student learns filming One of these classes is Communications techniques, camera movement, lighting to Walla Walla State Penitentiary sponsors who pay for the end product is 185 (news writing and editing). In this part of a producers work day. and script writing. Mastering these tech- class the student learns to do interviews What is the work of a Producer? A niques are just as essential in production by going out on assignment and talking to as they are in cinema. producer is the key person who is respon- different people on campus. The students sible for pulling the total production learn to type-up stories in "news copy" Advertising courses are also a great WSP together. He or she is ultimately in style, this is so that it can be read over the help because much of the Producer's charge. From the communications stand- air. The student also learns how to "edit" work at least at the beginning of his or her point the Producer is the person who news copy as it comes over the teletype career, is spent in the production of com- ViSitations comes up with the "idea" for a message machine. Usually the stories that come mercials which are just a filmed version As coordinator of the Walla Walla State which meets a certain need. He or she has over the teletype must be checked and to consider the audience who will see the of the flat one-dimensional advertise- Penitentiary visits, I've found that I'm reduced to minimum word count. Stories ments we see in newspapers or maga- having alot of trouble with dedication finished product and the best way to are cut to fit into a certain time slot reach that audience. After this the zines. from those students who plan to make the retaining all of the important informa- A course in Public Relations is an asset Producer must oversee the actual "con- tion. ~rip with myself and my faithful compan- to anyone who works with people because Ion, Rosa Montoya. I'm not sure how struction" and finally, the transmission Students learn to edit news copy in the students learn to anticipate the needs of everyone else views our visits to the over the air of the finished product. Ulti- KUGR newsroom (campus-based and mately, the Producer is the recepient of the client' and how to take care of those penitentiary; I find our visits very benefi- student-run radio station) ana one hour the audience's feedback as to the success needs as "diplomatically" as possible. ~ial not only for myself but also and more daily basis this counts as part of the class Importantly for nuestros hermanos en la Speech and Drama courses add sub- pinta. stantially to a communication student's ·········Qu·Vo Raza .. skills. Speech helps a student to develop Mis herman os caM de la penitencia son "speaking" abilities. This comes in handy importantes para rnf porque ellos equal- raza we are together and we are for reals. when the Producer has to envision and mente como nosotros aqui, son humildes. I am proud to say to all que Soy "Presi- write "lines" for an actor, or when at- o NO? Why is it so hard for us to share a tempting to coach someone who is ner- little love with those who really appre- dente" del Chicano Cultural Studies ciate it? Center, here at WSP. I am also proud to vous in front of a camera. say t~at through the center I also met a", Drama classes help in that a student I've worked with this program a year b~autlful hermana cafe' by the name of can learn the little "tricks" or body lan- and a half now and these bros go out of Diana C~ntu. ~1I ~he carnales.here w.e all guage and voice control that helps a their way each time we visit to make us w~lk With dignity every time Diana person come across more "naturally" in feel at home. They provide music and brings all you bros and hermanas from front of the cameras. The single facial snacks including burritos which are made Washington State University in Pullman. gesture or the movement of a hand can by the inmates them elves. Everytime, Power to the people!! We are all waiting mean the difference between a "dead except once a year (when we perform at for the day where once' again we can stick" appearance and a warm believable Christmas time) over 20 persons sign up exchange our hello's, Now I will give you one. to go on the visits and about fiv,e,~ople a~ people out there a little run down about Jh~ mQ£t._sho.wt~p;_We_c~l\not bl!Une the the center. -We have the most beautiful Knowledge of make-up is an asset since partying because I'm also a student and I center in this institution. It say alot just almost anyone appearing before the do my share of partying. So I know its with murals on the walls. There' around camera can use a little color correction. hard to get up Saturday morning at 6: 00 fifty (50) to sixty (60) Chicanos in this Sometimes lighting placed behind per- am to get ready and meet everyone at canton. For sure we try to welcome a formers cast harsh shadows which can be 7: 30 in front of the C.U.B .. This has never todos los Chicanos/Mexicanos here. They corrected by make-up. It-is necessary to s~opped me from giving just a little of my time and love to nuestra RAZA. I hope .....;j are all welcome to the center anytime of know what type of clothing should be the day or night, up to 9: 00 PM. Then its 'worn. Small checks and stripes or overly that our next trip which is scheduled for locked down for the evening. We have strong colors often produce imbalances in May 19th will be the best visit we've had. ~. lot's of good things going for us. We have the camera requiring a change in cloth- I'm planning on some speakers from a Chili concession that consists of Chile ing. W.S.U. Chicano staff to make short can carne,- Tamales and of course our presentations on different areas of inter- ~: . -= I am first going to give my Burritos. That is what keeps us in our These things which I have noted are est. Nothing has been confirmed, but we me. Orale? Me lIamo Santiago Jose De need. With the start of our new AA just a few of the considerations facing may take the film "Higher Ground" on _"', 'f Cruz Lucero. Thats why I am Jimmy classes, which are instructed by Pete students of communications. They can be this upcoming trip. If you like to dance 1", e to my raza linda. Que Vida. Soy De Choan, we also will be expecting other overwhelming but most people have a and have fun, you may enjoy our next buquer~ue Nuevo Mexico. Part.l~ rais~d new projects and programs alike! And little knowledge of just about everything I ~rip. I will be taking my stereo if I can get : Maravilta East Los. Wow! Writing this I'm sure that it will get better. We also have mentioned. All of us have many It cleared. For those of you who would like tie thing makes me feel like I'm writing " have our own newspaper which is called experiences to draw from and with a Iot'or ~ohelp get this off the ground or if you are , statement on myself (Puro Pedo! ) Punto De Vista. We too are getting our study and a little guidance it is possible to Interested in joining us on May 19th, Down to serious facts, I have been newspaper together. We will be sending a get it all together and channel all those ple~se Contact me either at home 332-4069 ing in the state of Washington since my Punto de Vista to Pullman in the very "creative juices" in the right direction. In the evenings or at 335-2616 (Chicano J'flrole from Califas in 1975. I call my I have spoken with several chicanos and Student Counseling Center) and leave near future. So hang loose Raza. bme Seattle, I have been in the Washing- Bueno, I guess I've said enough for this chicanas who have shown an interest in your name, address, and phone number. 1>n State Penitentiary since January of one time. Como dise mi tio Tacho buenos communications but who have been inti- st midated either by the Department person-

"Due to problems of the editing staff, the following article is being printed to replace the article on this page in the last issue. The article entitled 'Que es el biculturalismo?' in the last issue was not written by Rene and Betty, though their names indicated that is was." conjunto de identidades sociales que pueden atri- EI biculturalismo ,. Introduccion buirse a cada miembro de la familia, sea hija, hijo, La educacidn bilingue y bicultural es la urnca Como dijimos en el t!ltimo artfculo, el bilingiiismo padre, madre, tfa, do, prima, primo, mozuelo, mozue- educacidn que verdaderamente toma en considera- es la habiIidad de comunicar en dos sistemas Iinguisti- la, padrino, padrina, ahijada, 0 ahijado en relacidh cicfn el idioma y la cultura del niifo, nina, alumno y entre si mismos y conciudadanos en cada sociedad 0 alumna como 10hemos discutido, Para cuando el niffo cos 0 codigos. Un codigo refiere a un sistema de pueblo. srgruticados y las maneras de representar estos signi- y niffa mexicano y chicano ernpieza el primer dia. de ficados. En el idioma oral, el c&iigo contiene sonidos y La cultura incluye los conceptos y categori'as que clases en una escuela norteamericana Ja lIega el nifro combinaciones de sonidos que usamos para hablar. explican las deidades, sistemas eticos, y valores que y nina a c1ase con una capacidad lingufstica y cultural bien desarollada. Esto es reconocido por pedagogos En el idioma escrito, el cOdigo contiene un alfabeto el pueblo 0 sociedad ha formulado. Incluye tambien contemporaneos. EI profesor de linguistica, el doctor que usamos para escribir. Este codigo puede ser de los conce,etos qu~e expIican el orden del mu~do 0 I~ 0 0 Gustavo Gonzalez, muestra en sus estudios que p.rrvu- ingles espatrol, que tienen sonidos semejantes, cosmologfa segun el imagen de cada sociedad 0 los ya a edad de treinta y seis meses en el estado de puede ser de chino y japonls, que tienen sonidos y pueblo. Incluye tambien los conceptos que explican el Texas dominan las estructuras gramdticas funda- alfabetos diferentes. Aunque hay diferencias, tambien modo en que se adquiere el entendimiento y conoci- mentales del caste llano, incluyendo el tiempo hay muchos sonidos que los idiomas tienen en comun. miento, es decir la epistemologfa. C~mo es que el presente del subjuntivo. EI profesor de cultura La cultura, tanto como el idioma, es un cOdigo con nifio 0 nilla aprende y desarolla su capacidad intelec- sus maneras de representar los significados de esta chicana el doctor Juan Aragon bien relata el clioque tual y social segifn las costumbres de cada pueblo 0 de culturas, es decir las diferencias que existen entre cultura. Por ejemplo, ciertas comidas se comen por sociedad? Eso es decir, cual es la relacidn entre el ciertos motivos, como para celebrar, para mejorar, 0 la cultura mexicana y norteamericana, y el efecto maestro y alumno? Es formal 0 intima? ?Incluye para sentirse de una manera 0 otra. En la cultura destructivo que puede tener el sistema de educacidn respeto 0 igualdad? Es atrav/s de instrucciones 0 es basado en conceptos culturales norteamericanos. chicana se dice que los tamales se comen en dras de un proceso de modelar e imitar? En la cultural Este efecto existe cuando tal sistema de educacidn es fiesta, aunque muchas veces comemos tamales en mexicana, el profesor mantiene un puesto de autori- impuesto y exigido en alumnos y alumnas mexicanos otras ocasiones. En fin, como parte de una cultura, la dad y una manera de pedagogra distintos a los del y chicanos que vienen a la escuela el primer dta de comida que uno come es parte del cGdigo cultural. profesor de la cultura norte-americana. NGten los clases ya con un sistema IingulStico y cultural bien ?Que es una cultura? estudios lIevados a cabo en Stanford por los profesores desarollado basado en la experiencia del vivir mexi- Ramrrez y Castaileda. ' cano y chicano. La cultura de un grupo de personas 0 de una Tambi~n, la cultura incluye los conceptos y categor- La experiencia del vivir mexicano y chicano ha sido sociedad es todo el modo de vivir y todo el modo de (as que se usan para explicar el orden social. Quienes percebir y conceptuaIizar el mundo en cual tales adquirido por el alumno y alumna mexicano y chican- son las personas 0 seres de respeto, autoridad, y o. EI alumno y alumna ya dominan muchos de los personas viven. La cultura entonces incluye todos los sabiduria. Quiln puede legislar, ejecutar, 0 arbitrar? conceptos culturales de su experiencia del vivir. Ya conceptos 0 modos de clasificar el vivir de una Tambiln han de incluirse los conceptos que forman dominan el sentido de la estructura social de su sociedad 0 pueblo, sean categorras de un curandero 0 la nutricion y alim;ntaci~n posible en cada so<;iedad. cultura, de deberes, responsabilidades hacia la paren- categorfas de un soci6'iogo. Ambos tienen sus modos ?Cual es la relacion entre alimentaci~n, nutricic1'n, y tela, y conciudadanos. Ya dominan el sentido de de explicar el mundo, y ambos tienen sisfemas que en las deidades, 10 natural, 10 supernatural, y medica- respeto y formaJidad de su cultura. Ya dominan el si son parte de la cultura que pretienden expIicar. Eso mentos. Han de incluirse en la cultura los conceptos sentido de aprender seg6n los modelos e imitaci&'n de es, las categorras que los participantes de una cultura que dictan la indumentaria, es decir los vestidos, las personas importantes en su cultura. Ya dominan usan para explicar su estructura social. Es decir, la trajes, ornamentaci<~n en cada sociedad. Ha de in- muchos de los conceptos del conocimiento de la cultura incluye los conceptos que' explican la organi- cluirse en la cultura, y no en orden de menor impor- aJimentaci~n, idumentaria, etica, deidades, y orden zacion de la familia, la parentela, y los. socios de tancia, el idioma de cada sociedad. Por que en caso social de su cultura y sociedad. EI alumno y alumna trabajo 0 negocio. En la cultura mexicana, por ejem- final, es el idioma que se ha desarollado para expres- mexicano y chicano alllegar alia escuela norteameri- plo, la estructura social se com pone de las relaciones sar los conceptos y categorfas que explican los modos cana ;ya dominan una cultura y un idioma. Es s~lo importantes y sus funciones del parentesco y el del vivir en cada sociedad. Es atraves del idiom a que atraves de su propio idioma y cultura que cada nifro y compadrazgo y ciudadanos. Eso incluye los deberes y las generaciones nuevas pueden aprender, discutir, niii"a, sea de la sociedad y cultura que sea, puede privilegios entre parientes,. com padres, socios de incorporar, y a veces cambiar los conceptos y cate- desarollar sus capacidades intelectuales y sociales. negocio, y ciudadanos. En tal cultura, por ejemplo, no gorfas que forman la base de cada cultura. Por esa De modo que si el nino y nina ya poseen un idioma y serra raro encontrar parientes 0 com padres que tam- raz&'n, la cultura y el idioma son inseparables en toda bien son socios de negocio. una culturlU~s Lo'gl.co~ue su educacion sea_desaro.lla- sociedad. Uno no puede existir sin el otro. Por esta da primeroatrlives de su propio idioma y cultura y La cultura tambien incluye los conceptos y categor- misma raz~n, la educacilfn bilingue y bicultural es de despues en otro idioma y cuItura. Esto debe ser la fas que se usan para la crianza de la familia. ?Cuales suma importancia para el pueblo hispanohablante en son los deberes y responsabilidades que forman el meta de todo programg de educaciSn bilingt;e y los estados unidos norteamerica nos hoy y manana. bicultural. History of the Chicano Cultural Center This article is the second part of Raza of all alike can come together onymous Class. Also, with projects the history of the Chicano Cultural and learn from each other. Not only Washington State Penitentiary, I such as Pool Tournament Fooz-Ball Studies Center. Dating back to the about their culture but also to en- can only say, that being raised in Tournament, the making of pinatas year of 1976, in the summer time. At courage one another into the educa- the Chicano Barrios of Califas, the that time, it was" known as the for all the clubs and groups, inside only understanding that I had then, tional and vocational fields. And for banquets, and the Chicano Chili United Chicano Club. With little those who just wanted to do their was that I never did go for the idea over 25 Chicanos, behind the walls Concession, which has really been a , of working in my own fields for that time and get back on the streets, success. of the Washington State Peniten- the Chicano Center would also be White man. Like many Chicanos tiary, the United ~hicano dub was However, without the help of and Chicanas, if I couldn't pimp off place for one to come and feel at MEChA from Washington State Un- struggling to survive. home. his white daughter; I would break However, during the summer of iversity, which has an Out Reach into his home, and if that didn't 1977 with the increasing of Chicanos It was voted by the members of Group which is presently coordinat- come off too well, then I would just . entering the in~tit~~ion and the lost th~ United Chicano Club, to change ed by Diana Cantu, the Chicano come up to him and stick a gun in of many items, 'which were taken the name and revised the Constitu- Cultural Studies Center is still in the his face and rob him of his money. during the4~ d~)'~ lock~own, all the tion and By-Laws. After about three process of bringing Chicano That is why I am here. However, spanish 'speakIng prIsoners got months of revising and getting the prisoners together and tryIng to after being here three years my together, and.;tei~jded to do somet~- full approval of all the members, it make his time more productive and thinking has changed, not only for ingto 'protect triemselves and their was then (September 16, 1977) that educational, so that when he leaves the betterment of myself, but for club. Itwas.th~n ~ecided during one the United Chicano Club was this institution, he will have a better the betterment of the many and of the 'chiciihd' Tuesday'night meet- changed to, Chicano Cultural understanding of himself and why many Chicanos who "have been fol- ings, that because of t~e many Studies Center along with the vot- he had put himself in a position to lowing the same direction that I things that were taken durmg the 46 ing in the new Constitution and be incarcerated. have followed. I believe educating day lockup, ,that c~~nging the name By-Laws, which were written bQth It is hoped, because of the long .oneself and taking on a new position of the United Chicano Cub and in Spanish and English. New goals struggle that the Chicano Cultural out there in that so called free revising its Constitution and By- and rules were put into effect. Studies Center has had and still has, world, will only bring more mean- Laws, would bring all the Chicanos with the increasing of that who should ever take interests, ing to ones' life, not only as a more together and make them' more and more Chicanos com- in the Chicano prisoners, not only in Chicano but as a productive person, more protective of themselves and ing into the insti.tution, more Washington State Penitentiary, but who can help others, who have been their Club. It was at that meeting projects and programs where anywhere in America Prisons, will struggling. (June 14, 1977), that everyone felt implemented. Programs, such as understand that the struggle for one that they were not a clubhouse but Bible Classes, Spanish and English is the struggle for all. Yo Soy rather a Chicano', Center, where Classes, and now an Alcoholics An- As a Chicano and a prisoner of the Ricardo D. Herrera

EI Mensajero Newsletter

College Hall 330 Pullman, WA 99164

PaaJna8 EL MENSA.JERO Mar. 20, 1979